The

Analyst Ukraine : Kerch Bridge Attack

Handout
21th July, 2023
CONTEXT: The Kerch Bridge, which links the Russian mainland to the Crimean Peninsula in the Black
Sea, came under attack last week.

Kerch Bridge
● Links the Russian mainland to Crimean West strategy
Peninsula ● Two-fold: sanctions, arming Ukraine. U.S.
● Symbolic, administrative and operational $70 bn. EU $37 bn
reasons - no direct connectivity between ● Sanctions - inflationary crisis, Russia
the Russian mainland and Crimea - found alternative markets
‘special military operation’ objective, ● Global crusade for democracy? - But India,
● Russia now has the land bridge extending SA, Brazil, Israel - post cold war security
from northeastern Ukraine through the architecture in Eu
Donbas and Kherson to Crimea ● Morality - But Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya,
● Not far from the frontline and well within Syria, Israel
the range of Ukrainian fire. So, the Bridge Possibility of a negotiated settlement
remains a critical logistical supply link for ● Two complex issues - Ukraine’s territories
the Russian troops in the south and Russia’s security concerns

The Story India’s Interests

● Role of West ● Russia - Energy, Defence, ties with China
● Escalation. supply of more advanced ● Continental security concerns (U.S.
weapons - cluster munition withdrawal from Afghanistan)
● New Start treaty - nuclear arms race ● Stabilisation of global economy, focus on
● Ukraine, own offensive to regain lost land. more pressing problems — from climate
risks of a direct confrontation between change to UN reforms.
Russia and NATO, both nuclear powers
● Takes on objectives
○ Putin’s ambitions
○ Stated objectives - demilitarisation
and de-Nazification
○ His commanders - take the whole
of Ukraine’s east and south
● Russia’s territorial gains - land bridge
between mainland Russia to Crimea
(2014)
 The
Analyst Data Protection Law
Handout
21th July, 2023
CONTEXT: Supreme Court has agreed to list pleas seeking criminalisation of marital rape before a 3-judge Bench.

Why does data matter? Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022

● A simple online click or a post on your FB ● Applicability - definition, within/outside

page or a search in a search engine or a India
product you buy on an e-commerce ● Consent - processed only for a lawful
website generates data on your purpose, notice, may be withdrawn
preference, your online behavior, your ● Rights and duties of data principal -
interests, your needs, your personal data obtain information, seek correction and
including your name, the bank you are erasure, and grievance redressal.
dealing with etc. ● Obligations of data fiduciaries -
● accuracy and completeness
● The data so generated is an asset to the ● Safeguards, inform if breach
companies that collect and store them.. ● storage limitation
● Transfer of personal data outside India -
Who handles data, and how? blacklisting
● Data is stored in a physical space. ISSUES

● To be considered useful, data has to be ● Exemptions to State on broad grounds -

processed, which means analysed by proportionality - interception - PUCL vs
computers. Union of India - safeguards: necessity,
purpose, storage
● Data is collected and handled by entities ● Differential treatment to private entities
called data fiduciaries. While the fiduciary ● UK data protection law safegaurds
controls how and why data is processed, ● Data Protection Board - statutory,
the processing itself may be by a third appointments
party, the data processor ● No right to be forgotten
● Verifiable consent - age, implications for
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 anonymity, child definition
● No compensation
● Puttaswamy judgment
● Splinternet
● right of individuals to protect their
● Protectionism may backfire
personal data, need to process personal
data
● one of the four proposed legislations
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Analyst Delimitation Question
Handout
21th July, 2023

CONTEXT: In 2002, the Constitution was amended to place a freeze on the exercise until the first
Census conducted after the year 2026. Should delimitation be delayed any further?

● Delimitation ● Temporary Suspension of Delimitation

○ act or process of fixing limits or ○ 42nd CAA (1976) amended Article 81(3)
boundaries of territorial constituencies ○ 84th CAA - extended from 2000 to
in a country or a province having a 2026.
legislative body. - redrawing ○ No delimitation after the 1981 and
boundaries to represent changes in 1991 Censuses.
population. ○ This was fallout of the provision that
○ Tripura, Manipur, Lakshadweep the ratio between the number of Lok
○ Number of seats allocated to a Sabha seats in a state and the
particular state/UT in Lok Sabha or in population of the state is, as far as
the Legislative Assembly may vary. Eg. practicable, the same for all states.
Delhi ○ States promoting family planning are
● Objective at loss, example - Southern States.
○ provide equal representation for equal ○ frozen until 2026, by when the country
population segments, and a fair was projected to achieve a uniform
division of geographical areas, so that population growth rate.
no political party has an advantage. ○ Thus, the last delimitation exercise
○ . between July 2002 and March 31, 2008
● Constitutional Provisions which was based on the 2001 Census,
○ Article 82, the Parliament enacts a only readjusted boundaries of existing
Delimitation Act after every Census. Lok Sabha and Assembly seats and
○ Article 170, States also get divided into reworked the number of reserved
territorial constituencies as per seats.
Delimitation Act after every Census. Issues in Delimitation Exercise of North-East
○ Article 330 and Article 332 ● Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and
● Delimitation Commission Nagaland - deferred
○ High power body appointed by the ● New Delimitation Commission - illegal? as
President. RPA Section 8A
○ Composition - retired SC judge, CEC, ● Precedence of the EC being vested with the
SECs (of the respective states) authority to redraw boundaries
○ constituted 4 times - 1952, 1963, 1973, Implications of Delimitation for North-East and J&K
2002 ● Not change the number of seats in four
○ Powers of Delimitation Commission Northeast states a freeze until 2026
■ orders have the force of law ● only redraw the boundaries of seats in each
and cannot be called in state, rework reserved seats
question before any court. ● Seats for Jammu & Kashmir’s Assembly will
■ laid before LS & concerned LA, increase from 107 to 114 - exceptional past
but no modifications are circumstances. increase Jammu region’s
permissible representation. Assembly seats of J&K were
delimited based on the 1981 Census
 The
Analyst
Handout Rule 176 vs Rule 267
21th July, 2023
CONTEXT: Demand that all other business be suspended for the day to take up the Manipur issue Rules of Procedure and
Conduct of Business in RS: Rule 267

Significance of this rule

● Any member, may, with the consent of ● Because all other businesses would be put on hold to discuss
the Chairman, move that any rule may the issue of national importance, any discussion under Rule
be suspended in its application to a 267 takes on great significance in Parliament.
motion related to the business listed ● There is no other type of discussion that calls for the
before the Council of that day and if the suspension of other activities.
motion is carried, the rule in question ● government will be required to respond to the issue during the
shall be suspended for the time being. Rule 267 discussions.
● Rajya Sabha MPs can give a written Why has Rule 267 been a contentious issue?
notice to suspend all listed business and ● The Opposition has complained that none of its notices under
discuss an issue of importance the Rule 267 are being taken up.
country is facing. ● In the winter session, the Chairman of Rajya Sabha had
● Only the Chairman can decide whether rejected eight such notices within two days. - matters such as
to propose a motion to suspend a rule. the border issue with China and rising prices of essential
● However, it is up to the rest of the commodities.
members in the House to vote and Short Duration Discussion under the Rule 176
determine if the rule should actually be ● Under this provision, an MP can raise a discussion on a matter
suspended or not. of urgent public importance.
● The time for the discussion is allocated by the Business
Advisory Committee.
● The MP will need to give notice specifying the matter to be
raised and the reasons for doing so.

Ayushman Bharat

CONTEXT: More than 18 crore health cards have been issued under the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) scheme

About Ayushman Bharat Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY):
● National Health Policy (2017), to achieve UHC. ● largest health assurance scheme in the world.
● SDG 3 - "leave no one behind." ● health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for
● entitlement-based scheme, beneficiaries identified secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over
by SECC data. 10.74 crores poor and vulnerable families.
● Funding is shared – 60:40 for all states and UTs ● 50 crore beneficiaries, it covers the bottom 40% of
with their own legislature, 90:10 in Northeast states the Indian population.
and Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal. ● PM-JAY is fully funded by the Government and cost
● continuum of care approach: of implementation is shared
Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs): ● Implementing Agency: National Health Authority
● creation of 1,50,000 HWCs by transforming the (NHA), State Health Agencies (SHAs) in the form of
existing Sub Centres and PHCs. a society/trust have been set up by respective
● to deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care States.
(CPHC) bringing healthcare closer ● 23,000 hospitals empanelled, 40 per cent private
● both, maternal and child health services and
non-communicable diseases, including free essential
drugs and diagnostic services.