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    Inbound 2295978861529027770

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    Hannah Itugot

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    Inbound 2295978861529027770

    Uploaded by

    Hannah Itugot
    4 views32 pages

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    4 views32 pages

    Inbound 2295978861529027770

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    Hannah Itugot

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    Jennifer Escobar, PhD


    OVER-ALL FUNCTION

    u Overall function is to produce offspring


    u Testes produce sperm and male sex
    hormones
    u Ovaries produce eggs and female sex
    hormones
    u Mammary glands produce milk
    INTRODUCTION

    u The reproductive system is a collection of internal and


    external organs — in both males and females — that
    work together for the purpose of procreating.
    u Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many
    scientists feel that the reproductive system is among the
    most important systems in the entire body.
    u Of the body’s major systems, the reproductive system is
    the one that differs most between sexes, and the only
    system that does not function until puberty.
    u In general, the reproductive
    structures in humans can be divided
    into three main categories:
    a. gonads,
    b. internal genitalia and
    c. external genitalia

    Gonads
    Internal Genitalia

    Female internal Genitalia Male internal Genitalia


    External Genitalia

    Female External Genitalia


    Male External Genitalia
    FEMALE AND MALE
    REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    The female reproductive system


    has the following major parts:
    1. Ovaries
    2. Oviducts
    3. Uterus
    4. Vagina
    5. vulva
    A. External Parts/Vulva
    - The vulva refers to the External Genitalia
    B. Internal Parts

    1. Ovaries – paired; located


    within the abdominal cavity
    where they are lined with
    ligaments.
    - Each ovary is about the size
    of an almond and contains
    developing eggs.
    - Each egg develops w/in
    the graafian follicle that
    enlarges and finally
    ruptures to release the
    mature egg.
    - During fertile period of a woman 13
    eggs mature each year.
    - 400 – 500 eggs is released during the
    whole 30 years of fertility.
    e.g.
    12 yrs. old - start of menstruation
    + 30 years - fertility span
    ___________

    42 - predicting menopausal age


    X 13 - no. of eggs that mature each
    ___________ year

    546 - no. of eggs released within 30


    yrs. of fertility
    Therefore at age 42 it may be concluded that female may no
    longer be fertile at that time. (menopausal age)
    2. Oviduct (fallopian tube) –

    - egg carrying tubes ; it is


    lined with cilia for
    propelling the egg in its
    course. These 2 ducts
    open into the upper
    corners of the uterus or
    womb.
    3. Uterus

    – specialized for housing


    the embryo during the
    nine months of its
    intrauterine existence. It
    is provided with thick
    muscular walls, blood
    vessels. The lining of the
    uterus is called
    ENDOMETRIUM.
    4. Vagina

    - large muscular tube that


    runs from the uterus to
    the outside of the body.
    - It is adapted for
    receiving the males
    penis and serving as
    birth canal during the
    expulsion of the fetus
    from the uterus.
    MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    Parts:
    1. Scrotum/scrotal sac –
    Pouch located behind the
    penis that contains blood
    vessels, testes and
    epididymis.
    - It act as thermoregulator for
    protecting the sperm
    against tempt.
    2. Testicle/testes - paired
    and responsible for the
    production of sperm.
    - Each testis is made up of
    about 500 seminiferous
    tubules.
    3. Epididymis – serves as
    storage of the sperm.
    4. Vas deferens – tube which
    is a continuation of the
    epididymis going to
    urethra.
    5. Urethra – carries both
    urine and sperm
    6. Penis - ext. organ
    through which the
    urethra runs. It contains
    erectile tissue for
    distention during sexual
    act.
    3 Glands in the Male Reproductive
    System

    1.Seminal vesicle

    2.Prostate gland

    3.Cowper’s gland
    MALE AND FEMALE SEX HORMONE
    u Hormones are chemical messengers that the
    endocrine glands produce and release into the
    bloodstream. Hormones help regulate many bodily
    processes, such as appetite, sleep, and growth.

    u Sex hormones are those that play an essential role in


    sexual development and reproduction. The main
    glands that produce sex hormones are the adrenal
    glands and the gonads, which include the ovaries in
    females and testes in males.
    Sex hormones are also important for a range of
    bodily functions and a person’s general health.
    In both males and females, sex hormones are
    involved in:

    1.
    PUBERTY
    AND 2.
    SEXUAL
    DEVELOPMENT REPRODUCTION
    Sex hormones are also important for a range of
    bodily functions and a person’s general health.
    In both males and females, sex hormones are
    involved in:

    3. 4.

    SEXUAL BONE AND


    DESIRE MUSCLE
    GROWTH
    Sex hormones are also important for a range of
    bodily functions and a person’s general health.
    In both males and females, sex hormones are
    involved in:

    5. 6.
    REGULATES
    INFLAMMATORY CHOLESTEROL
    RESPONSE LEVEL
    Sex hormones are also important for a range of
    bodily functions and a person’s general health.
    In both males and females, sex hormones are
    involved in:

    7. 8.
    BODY FAT
    PROMOTING
    DISTRIBUTION
    HAIR GROWTH
    FEMALE SEX HORMONE

    u In females, the ovaries and adrenal glands


    are the main producers of sex hormones.
    Female sex hormones
    include estrogen, progesterone, and small
    quantities of testosterone.
    u Most well known sex hormone
    u Although the majority of estrogen
    production occurs in the ovaries, the
    adrenal glands and fat cells produce
    small amounts of estrogen, too.
    u Estrogen plays a crucial role in
    reproductive and sexual development,
    which begins when a person reaches
    puberty.
    u The ovaries, adrenal glands, and
    placenta produce the
    hormone progesterone.
    Progesterone levels increase
    during ovulation and spike during
    pregnancy.
    u helps stabilize menstrual cycles and
    prepares the body for pregnancy.
    Having a low level of progesterone
    can lead to irregular periods,
    difficulty conceiving, and a higher
    risk of complications during
    pregnancy.
    u Although testosterone is the
    main sex hormone in males,
    it is also present in lower
    amounts in females.

    u In females, testosterone
    affects:
    • fertility
    • sexual desire
    • menstruation
    • tissue and bone mass
    • red blood cell production
    MALE SEX HORMONE

    1. Androgens are male sex hormones that increase at puberty. You


    need them to develop into a sexually mature adult who can
    reproduce

    2. Testosterone is important for the physical changes that happen during


    puberty, such as the development of the penis, testicles, facial and body hair,
    and muscle growth.

    • Testosterone acts on cells in your testicles to make sperm. Testosterone is


    also important for overall good health.

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