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    Module 8 Energy Work and Power

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    ChArLsUe

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 8 Energy Work and Power

    Uploaded by

    ChArLsUe
    3 views9 pages

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    3 views9 pages

    Module 8 Energy Work and Power

    Uploaded by

    ChArLsUe

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Energy

    Energy is a fundamental
    concept in physics that
    describes the ability of a
    system to do work.

    Energy is a Scalar Quantity


    Mechanical Energy
    It is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of an object or system.

    I. Kinetic Energy
    Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
    𝟏
    𝐊𝐄 = 𝐦𝐯 𝟐 𝐤𝐠 − 𝐦𝟐 /𝐬 𝟐 Joule (J)
    𝟐

    II. Potential Energy

    Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses by virtue of its position or
    configuration in a system.

    𝐏𝐄 = 𝐦𝐠𝐡 𝐤𝐠 − 𝐦𝟐 /𝐬𝟐 Joule (J)


    Work
    Work (scalar quantity) is done on an object when a force causes it to move a certain
    distance in the direction of the force.
    𝐖 = 𝐅 • 𝐝 = 𝐅𝐝𝐜𝐨𝐬 θ 𝐍 − 𝐦, 𝐤𝐠 − 𝐦𝟐 /𝐬 𝟐 Joule (J)

    Power
    Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

    𝐉
    𝐏 = 𝐖/𝐭 , 𝐤𝐠 − 𝐦𝟐 /𝐬 𝟑 Watt (W)
    𝐬

    Power is also related to the product of force and velocity.

    𝐏 = 𝐅 • 𝐕 = 𝐅𝐕𝐜𝐨𝐬 θ
    The Work-Energy
    Theorem
    The theorem states that the work done
    on an object by the net force acting on it
    is equal to the change in the object's
    kinetic energy.

    𝑾 = ∆𝑲𝑬

    𝟏
    𝑭∆𝒅 = 𝒎∆𝑽𝟐
    𝟐
    Sample Problem Work, Energy & Power

    1. Find the change in kinetic energy of a 500-gram mass 3. How much work does an upward force do when
    traveled 5 m, starting from rest under the action of a lifting a 10-kg box at a distance of 2 m from its initial
    constant 8 N force. position at constant speed?

    4. How much work is done when a 50 N force is


    2. Determine the work done when a 50 N force exerted at 30° above the horizontal to a 10-kg box
    displaces a 10-kg box 2 m to the right. and traveled a 2 m distance?
    Sample Problem Work, Energy & Power
    5. How much work is done by a friction μ𝑘 = 0.35 7. Determine the power to push a 50-kg box at a constant
    when stopping a 10-kg box to a distance of 2 speed of 1.2 m/s on the level floor. (μ = 0.55)
    meters.

    6. During the physical battery test, a 52 kg


    student performs a pull-up test and lifts his body
    up to 0.25 m in 1.3 seconds. Determine the
    power delivered by the student’s biceps.
    Conservation of Mechanical Energy
    Mechanical energy (ME) is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies.
    𝑴𝑬 = 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬
    The total amount of mechanical energy, in a closed system is constant.
    𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏 = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐
    𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐

    Conservation of Energy
    Energy is not created or destroyed. It only changes form. (Total energy of the universe is
    conserved)
    𝑬𝟏 = 𝑬𝟐

    Conservation of Energy with Non-Conservative Work


    Non-conservative force is one for which work depends on the path taken (for example: friction).
    Work of a non-conservative force is equal to the change in total mechanical energy of a closed
    system.

    𝑾𝑵𝑪 = ∆𝑻𝑴𝑬 = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐 − 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏


    𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 + 𝑾𝑵𝑪 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐
    Sample Problem Conservation of Energy
    1. A 250-g ball is thrown vertically with an initial speed of 2. A 250-g ball is thrown horizontally off a cliff 30 m high
    35.0 m/s. How high will it go? Assume negligible air with a speed of 35.0 m/s. How fast is the ball moving upon
    resistance. hitting the ground? Assume negligible air resistance.
    Sample Problem Conservation of Energy 4. A 60-kg skier starts at rest from the top of a 150-m high
    3. Dora is traveling a level roadway with a speed of 12 m/s. mountain slope. She experiences a 6000 J of negative work
    She slams the brakes and encounters a coefficient of friction due to friction and air resistance on her descent down. How
    μ = 0.80. What distance thus the 1000-kg car skid before fast is she going upon reaching a 60-m high take-off point?
    stopping?

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