2224 – 7209M

Markscheme

May 2024

Mathematics:
applications and interpretation

Standard level

Paper 1

18 pages
 –2– 2224 – 7209M

This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use

of examiners in this examination session.

It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and

must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person
without the authorization of the IB Global Centre, Cardiff.
 –3– 2224 – 7209M

Instructions to Examiners

Abbreviations

M Marks awarded for attempting to use a correct Method.

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy; often dependent on preceding M marks.

R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning.

AG Answer given in the question and so no marks are awarded.

FT Follow through. The practice of awarding marks, despite candidate errors in previous parts, for their
correct methods/answers using incorrect results.

Using the markscheme

1 General

Mark according to RM™ Assessor instructions. Please note the following:

• Marks must be recorded using the annotation stamps. Please check that you are entering marks
for the right question.
• If a part is completely correct, (and gains all the “must be seen” marks), use the ticks with
numbers to stamp full marks.
• If a part is completely wrong, stamp A0 by the final answer.
• If a part is blank/unanswered, choose NR in the marking pane. (The RM Assessor quality model
treats A0 and NR the same – as both score zero – so do not worry about defining a threshold
case for “an attempt”.)
• If a part gains anything else, it must be recorded using all the necessary annotations. However,
if the response is only correct up to a point use the and stamps to indicate no further
marks are awarded (to save stamping multiple additional M0 and A0 especially in a long
question).

The instructions presented in these initial pages will automatically apply to all candidate responses
except where explicitly overridden for a particular question, within the body of markscheme, by a
Note.
 –4– 2224 – 7209M

2 Method and Answer/Accuracy marks

• Do not automatically award full marks for a correct answer; all working must be checked, and
marks awarded according to the markscheme.

• It is generally not possible to award M0 followed by A1, as A mark(s) depend on the preceding M
mark(s), if any.

• Where M and A marks are noted on the same line, e.g. M1A1, this usually means M1 for an
attempt to use an appropriate method (e.g. substitution into a formula) and A1 for using the
correct values.

• Where there are two or more A marks on the same line, they may be awarded independently; so
if the first value is incorrect, but the next two are correct, award A0A1A1. If A1 marks are on
separate lines, they are assumed to be dependent and hence A0A1 is unlikely to be awarded.
However, where such marks are independent (e.g. the markscheme is presenting them in
sequence, but in the solution one does not lead directly to the other) this should be communicated
via a note, and hence A0A1 (for example) can be awarded.

• Where the markscheme specifies A3, M2 etc., do not split the marks, unless there is a note.

• The response to a “show that” question does not need to restate the AG line, unless a Note
makes this explicit in the markscheme.

• Once a correct answer to a question or part question is seen, ignore further working even if this
working is incorrect and/or suggests a misunderstanding of the question. This will encourage a
uniform approach to marking, with less examiner discretion. Although some candidates may be
advantaged for that specific question item, it is likely that these candidates will lose marks elsewhere
too.

• An exception to the previous rule is when an incorrect answer from further working is used in a
subsequent part. For example, when a correct exact value is followed by an incorrect decimal
approximation in the first part and this approximation is then used in the second part. In this
situation, award FT marks as appropriate but do not award the final A1 in the first part. Examples:

Correct Further Any FT issues?

Action
answer seen working seen
1. 5.65685... No. Award A1 for the final mark
8 2 (incorrect Last part in question. (condone the incorrect further
decimal value) working)
2. 35 0.468111… Yes. Award A0 for the final mark
(incorrect Value is used in (and full FT is available in
72 decimal value) subsequent parts. subsequent parts)

3 Implied marks

Implied marks appear in brackets e.g. (M1),and can only be awarded if correct work is seen or
implied by subsequent working/answer.
 –5– 2224 – 7209M

4 Follow through marks (only applied after an error is made)

Follow through (FT) marks are awarded where an incorrect answer from one part of a question is
used correctly in subsequent part(s) (e.g. incorrect value from part (a) used in part (d) or incorrect
value from part (c)(i) used in part (c)(ii)). Usually, to award FT marks, there must be working
present and not just a final answer based on an incorrect answer to a previous part. However, if all
the marks awarded in a subsequent part are for the answer or are implied, then FT marks should be
awarded for their correct answer, even when working is not present.

For example: following an incorrect answer to part (a) that is used in subsequent parts, where the
markscheme for the subsequent part is (M1)A1, it is possible to award full marks for their correct
answer, without working being seen. For longer questions where all but the answer marks are
implied this rule applies but may be overwritten by a Note in the Markscheme.

• Within a question part, once an error is made, no further A marks can be awarded for work which
uses the error, but M marks may be awarded if appropriate.

• If the question becomes much simpler because of an error then use discretion to award fewer
FT marks, by reflecting on what each mark is for and how that maps to the simplified version. This
should be supported with a note in the candidate script and the use of the “too simple”, TSmp,
annotation.

• If the error leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. probability greater than 1, sin θ = 1.5 , non-integer
value where integer required), do not award the mark(s) for the final answer(s).

• The markscheme may use the word “their” in a description, to indicate that candidates may be
using an incorrect value.

• If the candidate’s answer to the initial question clearly contradicts information given in the
question, it is not appropriate to award any FT marks in the subsequent parts. This includes when
candidates fail to complete a “show that” question correctly, and then in subsequent parts use
their incorrect answer rather than the given value.

• Exceptions to these FT rules will be explicitly noted on the markscheme.

• If a candidate makes an error in one part but gets the correct answer(s) to subsequent part(s),
award marks as appropriate, unless the command term was “Hence”.
 –6– 2224 – 7209M

5 Mis-read

If a candidate incorrectly copies values or information from the question, this is a mis-read (MR). A
candidate should be penalized only once for a particular misread. Use the MR stamp to indicate that
this has been a misread and do not award the first mark, even if this is an M mark, but award all
others as appropriate.
• If the question becomes much simpler because of the MR, then use discretion to award
fewer marks.

• If the MR leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. probability greater than 1, sin θ = 1.5 , non-integer
value where integer required), do not award the mark(s) for the final answer(s).

• Miscopying of candidates’ own work does not constitute a misread, it is an error.

• If a candidate uses a correct answer, to a “show that” question, to a higher degree of accuracy
than given in the question, this is NOT a misread and full marks may be scored in the subsequent
part.

• MR can only be applied when work is seen. For calculator questions with no working and incorrect
answers, examiners should not infer that values were read incorrectly.

6 Alternative methods
Candidates will sometimes use methods other than those in the markscheme. Unless the question
specifies a method, other correct methods should be marked in line with the markscheme. If the
command term is ‘Hence’ and not ‘Hence or otherwise’ then alternative methods are not permitted
unless covered by a note in the mark scheme.

• Alternative methods for complete questions are indicated by METHOD 1,

METHOD 2, etc.
• Alternative solutions for parts of questions are indicated by EITHER . . . OR.

7 Alternative forms
Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms.

• As this is an international examination, accept all alternative forms of notation for example 1.9
and 1,9 or 1000 and 1,000 and 1.000 .

• Do not accept final answers written using calculator notation. However, M marks and intermediate
A marks can be scored, when presented using calculator notation, provided the evidence clearly
reflects the demand of the mark.

• In the markscheme, equivalent numerical and algebraic forms will generally be written in
brackets immediately following the answer.

• In the markscheme, some equivalent answers will generally appear in brackets. Not all
equivalent notations/answers/methods will be presented in the markscheme and examiners are
asked to apply appropriate discretion to judge if the candidate work is equivalent.
 –7– 2224 – 7209M

8 Format and accuracy of answers

Final answers will generally not need to restate the variable and/or units to be considered correct.
To help examiners, the markscheme will include variables and units, where appropriate. However,
their omission from a candidate’s final answer should only be penalized if explicitly instructed in a
markscheme note.

If the level of accuracy is specified in the question, a mark will be linked to giving the answer to the
required accuracy. If the level of accuracy is not stated in the question, the following rules should
apply:

Level of accuracy: Examiners should accept as a correct final answer any of the following:
o the exact answer,
o the correct 3 sf answer,
o any final value that would round to the correct 3 sf answer,
o the correct 4 sf answer.

If the nature of the question requires a departure from these general rules (e.g. a demand or limitation
of the question), a note will be included in the markscheme

Where values are used in subsequent parts, the markscheme will generally use the exact value,
however candidates may also use the correct answer to a “correct” level of accuracy (e.g 3 sf) in
subsequent parts. The markscheme will often explicitly include the subsequent values that come
“from the use of 3 sf values”, but examiners should check responses for situations like this; it is like
FT marking, but applied following a different accuracy rather than a different (incorrect) value.

Simplification of final answers: Candidates are advised to give final answers using good
mathematical form. In general, for an A mark to be awarded, arithmetic should be completed, and
25 5
any values that lead to integers should be simplified; for example, should be written as .
4 2
An exception to this is simplifying fractions, where lowest form is not required (although the
10
numerator and the denominator must be integers); for example, may be left in this form or
4
5 10
written as . However, should be written as 2, as it simplifies to an integer.
2 5

Algebraic expressions should be simplified by completing any operations such as addition and
multiplication, e.g. 4e 2 x × e3 x should be simplified to 4e5 x , and 4e 2 x × e3 x − e 4 x × e x should be
simplified to 3e5 x . Unless specified in the question, expressions do not need to be factorized, nor
do factorized expressions need to be expanded, so x ( x + 1) and x 2 + x are both acceptable.

Please note: intermediate A marks do NOT need to be simplified.

 –8– 2224 – 7209M

9 Calculators

A GDC is required for this paper, but If you see work that suggests a candidate has used any
calculator not approved for IB DP examinations (eg CAS enabled devices), please follow the
procedures for malpractice.

10. Presentation of candidate work

Crossed out work: If a candidate has drawn a line through work on their examination script, or in
some other way crossed out their work, do not award any marks for that work unless an explicit
note from the candidate indicates that they would like the work to be marked.

More than one solution: Where a candidate offers two or more different answers to the same
question, an examiner should only mark the first response unless the candidate indicates
otherwise. If the layout of the responses makes it difficult to judge, examiners should apply
appropriate discretion to judge which is “first”.
 –9– 2224 – 7209M

1. (a) identifying the largest and smallest values: ($)255, ($)49 (M1)
($)206 A1
[2 marks]

(b) (i) ($)137 (137.1) (M1)A1

(ii) ($)74.5 (74.4693…) A1

Note: The (M1) mark is for correct GDC use and hence can be awarded if either of the
values is correct. An answer of 78.4976… in (b)(ii) is awarded A0 but is sufficient to
credit the (M1).
[3 marks]

(c) (i) (mean =) ($)117 (117.1) A1

(ii) (standard deviation =) ($)74.5 (74.4693…) A1

Note: If their answer to part c(ii) is incorrect, it should match their answer to part b(ii)
to be awarded A1(FT).

[2 marks]
[Total: 7 marks]

2. (a) attempt to substitute into cosine rule formula (M1)

2 2 2
(BC= ) 15 + 25 − 2 ×15 × 25 × cos (22) (A1)
(BC =) 12.4 (cm) (12.4343…) A1
Note: Award at most M1A1A0 for an answer of 40.0 (39.9996…) from using radians.

[3 marks]

(b) selecting sine rule formula OR cosine rule formula (M1)

2 2 2
12.4343…
=
15
OR ˆ = ) 25 + 12.4343… − 15
( cos ABC (A1)
sin 22 ˆ
sin ABC 2 × 25 ×12.4343…
ˆ .
Note: Award M1A1 for correct cosine rule formula to find ABC

= ˆ
(ABC ) 26.9 (26.8658… ) A1
Note: Accept 26.9461… from use of 12.4 in the sine rule formula and 26.7267… in
the cosine rule formula.
Use of radians results in an unrealistic answer, award at most M1A1A0.
[3 marks]
[Total: 6 marks]
 – 10 – 2224 – 7209M

3. (a) H0: the size of peppers is independent of colour

H1: the size of peppers is not independent of colour A1
Note: Award A1 for both hypotheses correct. Accept “not associated” in place
of independent. Do not accept “correlated” or “related” or “affected”.
[1 mark]

(b) (i) χ calc

2
= 22.5 (22.5483...) A2
Note: Award A1 if only the correct p-value, 0.000155837…, is seen. Condone a correct
2 sf (0.00016) or a truncated 2 sf (0.00015) or a truncated 3 sf (0.000155)

Award A1A0 for a correct 2 sf (23) or truncated 2 sf answer (22).

(ii) 22.5483... > 9.49 OR 0.000155837 … < 0.05 R1

(there is sufficient evidence to) reject the null hypothesis A1
Note: Do not award R0A1.
Accept “accept the alternative hypothesis”.
Their conclusion must be consistent with their χ calc
2
(or p-value) and their hypothesis.
Accept χ calc
2
> χ crit
2
or p < sig level provided their χ calc
2
value or p-value is seen.

[4 marks]
[Total: 5 marks]

4. (a) expressing one variable in terms of the other (M1)

n = kB OR n ∝ B
60 = 5k
k = 12 (A1)
n = 12 (7)
= 84 A1
[3 marks]

(b) expressing t terms of reciprocal of B (M1)

c 1
t= OR t ∝
B B
c
8=
5
c = 40 (A1)
40  10 
(t )       , 3.33, 3.33333… (hours) OR 3 hours 20 minutes A1
12  3 
k
Note: Award at most M1A1A0 for the use of t = cB in part (b) if n = was seen
B
and penalized in part (a).
[3 marks]
[Total: 6 marks]
 – 11 – 2224 – 7209M

5. (a) EITHER
N = 72 N=6
I = 1.25 I = 1.25
PV = −3000 OR PV = −3000
P/Y = 12 P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 C/Y = 12 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for attempt to use finance app on GDC, A1 for all entries correct.
Accept PV = 3000 .

OR
72
 1.25 
3000 1 +  (M1)(A1)
 1200 
Note: Award M1 for using CI formula, A1 for correct entries.

THEN
FV = ($) 3233.53 A1
Note: Answer must be correct to 2 dp for the final A1 to be awarded.
[3 marks]

(b) EITHER
I = 1.25 I = 1.25
PV = −3000 PV = −3000
FV = 3550 OR FV = 3550
P/Y = 12 P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 C/Y = 12 (A1)
Note: Award A1 for all entries correct and opposite signs for PV and FV values.

OR
12 N
 1.25 
3550 3000 1 +
=  (A1)
 1200 
Note: Award A1 for all entries correct.

THEN
= (
N 162  161.686 …) (months) A1
[2 marks]

(c) 18450 A1
[1 mark]
 – 12 – 2224 – 7209M

(d) N = 96 N = 96
I = 12.6 I = 1.05
PV = −18450 OR PV = −18450
FV = 0 FV = 0
P/Y = 12 P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 C/Y = 1 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to use finance app on GDC, A1 for N  96
= ,
PV  18450
=− = , Condone a positive PV.
and FV  0

PMT = ($) 306 A1

Note: The answer must be correct to the nearest dollar for the final A1 to be awarded.
[3 marks]
[Total: 9 marks]

6. (a) (i) recognition of binomial distribution (condone incorrect parameter) (M1)

e.g. M  B(20, 0.04) OR P ( M= 2) = binpdf (20, 0.04, 2)
= 0.146 (0.145799...) A1

(ii) recognition the cumulative probability required (M1)

e.g. P ( M ≥ 3) =1 − bincdf (20, 0.04, 2) OR bincdf (20, 0.04, 3, 20)
= 0.0439 (0.0438627...) A1
[4 marks]

(b) either one of two terms in expected value formula correct (M1)
50 ( 20 (0.96) ) + 15 ( 20 (0.04) )
= 972 (pesos) A1
Note: Award at most M1A0 for using rounded values in their working.
[2 marks]
[Total: 6 marks]
 – 13 – 2224 – 7209M

7. (a) correct substitution of 0.0003 into the formula (A1)

pH = −log10 (0.0003)
= 3.52 (3.52287 …) A1
[2 marks]

(b) EITHER
attempt to change to exponential form (M1)
   H  = 10
+ −6.6

OR
attempt to solve 6.6 = − log10  H +  (M1)
(graphically or using numerical solver)

THEN
 H +  = 0.000000251 (moles per litre) (0.000000251188..., 2.51×10−7 ) A1

Note:Award M1A0 for an answer of 2.51 (2.51188...) seen. For an attempt to solve
6.6 = − log10  H +  , award M0A0 if a substitution of 6.6 into the formula is seen
without an answer or some indication of using numerical solver.
[2 marks]

(c) −log10  H + ],   4.5 =

2= −log10 [ H + 
10−2 (0.01) OR 10−4.5 (0.0000316227...) (A1)

substitution of their values into correct ratio (M1)

−2
10 0.01
−4.5
OR
10 0.0000316227...
= 316.227...
= 316 A1
Note: Some candidates may subtract logs and hence look to solve log10 [H + ] = 2.5 .
[3 marks]
[Total: 7 marks]
 – 14 – 2224 – 7209M

8. (a) recognizing that only way to score 7 is to achieve a head and a 6 on die (M1)
1 1
e.g. and seen in an attempt to combine probabilities
6 2
1 1  1
 × =  (0.0833333...) A1
 6 2  12
Note: Accept 0.0835 from the use of 0.167.

[2 marks]

(b) there are two ways to score (e.g.) 5

achieve a head and a 4 on die, or a tail and a 5 on die (M1)
 1 1  2 1 
 2 6 × 2  =
  , 0.167 , 0.16666...  A1
    12 6 
Note: Award these marks for equivalent working for the 2, 3, 4 or 6 point scenarios.

Final Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Probability 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 6 6 6 6 6 12 A1
Note: Award A1 for a completely correct table. Award at most (M1)A1A0 if their
follow-through answer from part (a) leads to a total probability not equal to 1.
Award at most M1A0A0 if their probabilities are same for 1 and 7 or same for
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
[3 marks]

(c) EITHER
multiplying at least two columns from their table (M1)
1 1 1 1
1× + 2 × + ... + 6 × + 7 ×
12 6 6 12

OR
recognizing the probabilities in the table are symmetric (M1)

OR (for HL markscheme and/or removed from SL at publication)

Considering the sum of two random variables (M1)
E( X + Y ) = E( X ) + E(Y ) ( = 3.5 + 0.5)
THEN
(expected value =) 4 A1
Note: Accept 4.01 (4.00640…) from use of their 3 sf values from (b).
Award at most M1A0 if their final answer is not in the range 1 – 7
FT from their values from part (b) irrespective of working seen.
[2 marks]
[Total: 7 marks]
 – 15 – 2224 – 7209M

9. EITHER
recognizing that Eefje’s is an AP OR that Shumay’s is a GP (M1)

42.195  5
= + (n –1)(2) (A1)
nE = 19.6 (19.5975…) (accept 20) A1

42.195 = 5 (1.13) n –1 (A1)

nS = 18.5 (18.4513…) (accept 19) A1

OR (Graphical method)

e.g

OR

Sketching a straight line (Eefje’s) OR an exponential curve (Shumay’s) (M1)

Note: The horizontal line (marathon length) does not need to be seen to be
awarded the M1.

Horizontal line (marathon length) and Eefje’s linear drawn (A1)

x-coordinate of the point of intersection 18.5 (18.4513....) A1

Horizontal line (marathon length) and Shumay’s curved drawn (A1)

x-coordinate of the point of intersection 19.6 (19.5975....) A1
Note: A ruler does not need to be used for the lines.
 – 16 – 2224 – 7209M

THEN
so Shumay (will be the first to run the distance of a marathon) on day 19 A1

Note: Award the final A mark for a correctly rounded-up integer value. FT from their nE
and ns values. Award A0 for a final result of “Shumay, day 19” if it is clear that
Eefje/the AP has not been considered (either by finding the 19.5975, or by
substituting n = 19 into AP and showing distance is less than marathon).
Accept lists showing recognition that Eefje’s is an AP OR that Shumay’s is a GP
If trial and error method is used:
Award A1A1 for finding the distance for Eefje on day 20 = 43 and A1A1 for
finding the distance for Shumay on day 19 = 45.12 .
[Total: 6 marks]

10. 3 (seen at any stage of their work) (A1)

dy
= 2ax + b (M1)(A1)
dx
dy
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to find .
dx
substituting x = 2 and their gradient into their derivative (M1)
=3 2a (2) + b
substituting (2, 4) into original equation (M1)
=4 a (2) 2 + b(2) –10
solving equations a = −2
b = 11 A1A1
1 11 43
− , b =, award A0M1A1M1M1A0A1.
Note: Using m = − , gives a =
3 3 3
For the final A marks, award at most A1A0 if correct values are
unlabelled or incorrectly labelled.
[Total: 7 marks]
 – 17 – 2224 – 7209M

11. attempt to substitute into area of triangle formula (M1)

(sheep’s field area =) 0.5 × 15 × 21× sin (78°)
= 154.058… (m 2 ) A1

EITHER
282
(goat’s field area =) ×π× 82 (A1)(A1)
360
Note: Award A1 for 282, A1 for correct entries in formula (including their 282).

OR
78
π× 82 − ×π× 82 (M1)(A1)
360
Note: Award A1 for minor sector area, M1 for subtracting their sector area from circle area.

THEN
 752π  2
= 157.498…  (m ) A1
 15 
the goat has most area by 3.44 (m 2 ) (3.44026…) A1
Note: Accept 154 and 157 for the intermediate A1 marks, but do NOT follow
through within the question; a final answer of 3 m2 is awarded A0.
[Total: 6 marks]
 – 18 – 2224 – 7209M

12. (a) πx + 2 y (=20) A1

Note: Award A0 for an unsimplified answer.
[1 mark]

(b) attempt to combine area formulas to express A in terms of x and y M1

2
πx
A
= xy +
4
20 − πx πx
y
= =( 10 − ) A1
2 2
correct substitution for y and expansion of brackets A1
2
 20 − πx  πx 20 x − πx 2 πx 2
=A x  + = +
 2  4 2 4
πx 2
= 10 x − AG
4
Note: The AG line must be stated for the final A1 to be awarded.
[3 marks]

(c) attempt at power rule e.g. one correct term (M1)

πx
10 − A1
2
[2 marks]

(d) EITHER
setting their derivative to zero M1
πx dA
10 − 0 OR
= =0
2 dx

OR
attempt at finding the root of the graph of their derivative M1

THEN
20
x= (m) A1
π
(given that function is a negative quadratic, only stationary point is a maximum)

Note: Do not award the M mark if their derivative is not used to find the x-value.
Award at most M1A0 if their answer is not given in exact form.
[2 marks]
[Total: 8 marks]