Chapter 7 Review [147 marks]

1a. Andre will play in the semi-final of a tennis tournament.

If Andre wins the semi-final he will progress to the final. If Andre loses the semi-final, he will not
progress to the final.
If Andre wins the final, he will be the champion.
The probability that Andre will win the semi-final is p. If Andre wins the semi-final, then the probability
he will be the champion is 0.6 .
Complete the values in the tree diagram. [1 mark]

1b. The probability that Andre will not be the champion is 0.58 .
Find the value of p. [2 marks]
1c. Given that Andre did not become the champion, find the probability that he lost in the semi-final.
[3 marks]
2a. Srinivasa places the nine labelled balls shown below into a box.

Srinivasa then chooses two balls at random, one at a time, from the box. The first ball is not replaced
before he chooses the second.
Find the probability that the first ball chosen is labelled A . [1 mark]
2b. Find the probability that the first ball chosen is labelled A or labelled N . [1 mark]
2c. Find the probability that the second ball chosen is labelled A , given that the first ball chosen was
labelled N . [2 marks]
2d. Find the probability that both balls chosen are labelled N . [2 marks]
3a. The Malthouse Charity Run is a 5 kilometre race. The time taken for each runner to complete the race
was recorded. The data was found to be normally distributed with a mean time of 28 minutes and a
standard deviation of 5 minutes.
A runner who completed the race is chosen at random.
Write down the probability that the runner completed the race in more than 28 minutes. [1 mark]
3b. Calculate the probability that the runner completed the race in less than 26 minutes. [2 marks]
3c. It is known that 20 % of the runners took more than 28 minutes and less than k minutes to complete
the race.
Find the value of k . [3 marks]
4a. Let the universal set, U , be the set of all integers x such that 1 ≤ x < 11.
A , B and C are subsets of U .

A={ 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 } B= {2 , 3 ,5 ,7 }C={ 1 ,3 ,5 , 7 , 9 }

Write down n ( B ). [1 mark]

4b. Complete the following Venn diagram using all elements of U . [4 marks]

4c. Write down an element that belongs to ( A ∪ B )' ∩C . [1 mark]

5a. Sungwon plays a game where she rolls a fair 6 -sided die and spins a fair spinner with 4 equal sectors.
During each turn in the game, the die is rolled once and the spinner is spun once. The score for each turn
is the sum of the two results. For example, 1 on the die and 2 on the spinner would receive a score of 3.

The following diagram represents the sample space.

Find the probability that Sungwon’s score on her first turn is greater than 4 . [2 marks]

5b. Sungwon takes a second turn.

Find the probability that Sungwon scores greater than 4 on both of her first two turns. [2 marks]
5c. Sungwon will play the game for 11 turns.
Find the expected number of times the score on a turn is greater than 4 . [2 marks]
6a. A florist sells bouquets of roses. The florist recorded, in Table 1, the number of roses in each bouquet
sold to customers.
Table 1

The roses can be arranged into bouquets of size small, medium or large. The data from Table 1 has been
organized into a cumulative frequency table, Table 2.
Table 2

Complete the cumulative frequency table. [2 marks]

6b. Write down the probability that a bouquet of roses sold is not small. [2 marks]
6c. A customer buys a large bouquet.
Find the probability that there are 12 roses in this bouquet. [2 marks]
7a. Consider the following sets:
The universal set U consists of all positive integers less than 15;
A is the set of all numbers which are multiples of 3;
B is the set of all even numbers.
Write down the elements that belong to A ∩ B. [3 marks]
7b. Write down the elements that belong to A ∩ B' . [2 marks]

7c. Write down n ( A ∩ B' ). [1 mark]

8a. A bag contains n marbles, two of which are blue. Hayley plays a game in which she randomly draws
marbles out of the bag, one after another, without replacement. The game ends when Hayley draws a blue
marble.
Find the probability, in terms of n , that the game will end on her first draw. [1 mark]
8b. Find the probability, in terms of n , that the game will end on her second draw. [3 marks]
8c. Let n = 5. Find the probability that the game will end on her third draw. [2 marks]
8d. Let n = 5. Find the probability that the game will end on her fourth draw. [2 marks]
8e. Hayley plays the game when n = 5. She pays $20 to play and can earn money back depending on the
number of draws it takes to obtain a blue marble. She earns no money back if she obtains a blue marble
on her first draw. Let M be the amount of money that she earns back playing the game. This information
is shown in the following table.

Find the value of k so that this is a fair game. [7 marks]

9a. 160 students attend a dual language school in which the students are taught only in Spanish or taught
only in English.
A survey was conducted in order to analyse the number of students studying Biology or Mathematics.
The results are shown in the Venn diagram.

Set S represents those students who are taught in Spanish.

Set B represents those students who study Biology.
Set M represents those students who study Mathematics.
Find the number of students in the school that are taught in Spanish. [2 marks]
9b. Find the number of students in the school that study Mathematics in English. [2 marks]
9c. Find the number of students in the school that study both Biology and Mathematics. [2 marks]

9d. Write down n ( S ∩ ( M ∪ B )) . [1 mark]

9e. Write down n ( B ∩ M ∩ S' ) . [1 mark]

9f. A student from the school is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student studies Mathematics. [2 marks]
9g. Find the probability that this student studies neither Biology nor Mathematics. [2 marks]
9h. Find the probability that this student is taught in Spanish, given that the student studies Biology.
[2 marks]
10a. A bag contains 5 green balls and 3 white balls. Two balls are selected at random without
replacement. Complete the following tree diagram. [3 marks]
10b. Find the probability that exactly one of the selected balls is green. [3 marks]
11a. Rosewood College has 120 students. The students can join the sports club ( S) and the music club ( M
1
). For a student chosen at random from these 120, the probability that they joined both clubs is and the
4
1
probability that they joined the music club is . There are 20 students that did not join either club.
3
Complete the Venn diagram for these students. [2 marks]

11b. One of the students who joined the sports club is chosen at random. Find the probability that this
student joined both clubs. [2 marks]
11c. Determine whether the events S and M are independent. [2 marks]
12a. A company performs an experiment on the efficiency of a liquid that is used to detect a nut allergy.
A group of 60 people took part in the experiment. In this group 26 are allergic to nuts. One person from
the group is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this person is not allergic to nuts. [2 marks]
12b. A second person is chosen from the group.
Find the probability that both people chosen are not allergic to nuts. [2 marks]
12c. When the liquid is added to a person’s blood sample, it is expected to turn blue if the person is
allergic to nuts and to turn red if the person is not allergic to nuts.
The company claims that the probability that the test result is correct is 98% for people who are allergic
to nuts and 95% for people who are not allergic to nuts.
It is known that 6 in every 1000 adults are allergic to nuts.
This information can be represented in a tree diagram.
Copy and complete the tree diagram. [3 marks]
12d. An adult, who was not part of the original group of 60, is chosen at random and tested using this
liquid. Find the probability that this adult is allergic to nuts and the liquid turns blue. [2 marks]
12e. Find the probability that the liquid turns blue. [3 marks]
12f. Find the probability that the tested adult is allergic to nuts given that the liquid turned blue.
[3 marks]
12g. The liquid is used in an office to identify employees who might be allergic to nuts. The liquid turned
blue for 38 employees.
Estimate the number of employees, from this 38, who are allergic to nuts. [2 marks]
13a. In a group of 20 girls, 13 take history and 8 take economics. Three girls take both history and
economics, as shown in the following Venn diagram. The values p and q represent numbers of girls.

Find the value of p; [2 marks]

13b. Find the value of q . [2 marks]
13c. A girl is selected at random. Find the probability that she takes economics but not history. [2 marks]
14a. The following Venn diagram shows the events A and B, where P ( A )=0.3. The values shown are
probabilities.

Find the value of p. [2 marks]

14b. Find the value of q . [2 marks]

14c. Find P ( A ' ∪ B ). [2 marks]

15a. In an international competition, participants can answer questions in only one of the three
following languages: Portuguese, Mandarin or Hindi. 80 participants took part in the competition. The
number of participants answering in Portuguese, Mandarin or Hindi is shown in the table.

State the number of boys who answered questions in Portuguese. [1 mark]

15b. A boy is chosen at random. Find the probability that the boy answered questions in Hindi. [2 marks]
15c. Two girls are selected at random. Calculate the probability that one girl answered questions in
Mandarin and the other answered questions in Hindi. [3 marks]
16a. On a school excursion, 100 students visited an amusement park. The amusement park’s main
attractions are rollercoasters ( R ), water slides (W ), and virtual reality rides (V ).
The students were asked which main attractions they visited. The results are shown in the Venn diagram.
A total of 74 students visited the rollercoasters or the water slides. Find the value of a . [2 marks]
16b. Find the value of b . [2 marks]
16c. Find the number of students who visited at least two types of main attraction. [2 marks]
16d. Write down the value of n ( R ∩W ) . [1 mark]
16e. Find the probability that a randomly selected student visited the rollercoasters. [2 marks]
16f. Find the probability that a randomly selected student visited the virtual reality rides. [1 mark]
16g. Hence determine whether the events in parts (d)(i) and (d)(ii) are independent. Justify your
reasoning. [2 marks]
17a. The price per kilogram of tomatoes, in euro, sold in various markets in a city is found to be normally
distributed with a mean of 3.22 and a standard deviation of 0.84.
On the following diagram, shade the region representing the probability that the price of a kilogram of
tomatoes, chosen at random, will be higher than 3.22 euro. [1 mark]

17b. Find the price that is two standard deviations above the mean price. [1 mark]
17c. Find the probability that the price of a kilogram of tomatoes, chosen at random, will be between 2.00
and 3.00 euro. [2 marks]
17d. To stimulate reasonable pricing, the city offers a free permit to the sellers whose price of a kilogram
of tomatoes is in the lowest 20 %.
Find the highest price that a seller can charge and still receive a free permit. [2 marks]
18.

19.