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Lab2 Revathy Report

This document analyzes fuel efficiency and weight data for different car origins using R. Boxplots and linear models are used. Key results include Japanese cars having the highest average MPG and lowest average weight. A linear model predicts Japanese cars will average 31.24 MPG, about 10.95 MPG more fuel efficient than American cars.

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Revathy P
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13 views5 pages

Lab2 Revathy Report

This document analyzes fuel efficiency and weight data for different car origins using R. Boxplots and linear models are used. Key results include Japanese cars having the highest average MPG and lowest average weight. A linear model predicts Japanese cars will average 31.24 MPG, about 10.95 MPG more fuel efficient than American cars.

Uploaded by

Revathy P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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lab2_Revathy.

R
revak

2024-01-28
#Library is already installed
#To load the ISLR2 library
library(ISLR2)

# To load the Auto dataset


data("Auto")

#Lab Steps
#1. Plot a "boxplot" with y = mpg and x = origin
#To plot the boxplot
boxplot(mpg ~ origin, data = Auto, main = "MPG by Origin", xlab = "Origin",
ylab = "MPG")

#2.Which origin seems to have the more fuel-efficient automobiles?


#To print the summary statistics for each origin
summary_by_origin <- tapply(Auto$mpg, Auto$origin, summary)
print(summary_by_origin)
## $`1`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 9.00 15.00 18.50 20.03 24.00 39.00
##
## $`2`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 16.20 23.75 26.00 27.60 30.12 44.30
##
## $`3`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 18.00 25.70 31.60 30.45 34.05 46.60

#Result - Japanese cars($'3') with highest mean mgp of 30.45 is more fuel-
efficient

#3.Plot a "boxplot" with y = weight and x = origin


#To plot boxplot
boxplot(weight ~ origin, data = Auto, main = "Weight by Origin", xlab =
"Origin", ylab = "Weight")

#4.What do you notice about the weight of the cars for different origins?
#To print the summary statistics for each origin
summary_weight_by_origin <- tapply(Auto$weight, Auto$origin, summary)
print(summary_weight_by_origin)

## $`1`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1800 2720 3381 3372 4055 5140
##
## $`2`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1825 2072 2240 2433 2804 3820
##
## $`3`
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1613 1985 2155 2221 2412 2930

#Result - Japanese cars($'3') with mean weight 2221 pounds have the lowest
mean weight

#5.Create a linear model with response = mpg and the single explanatory
variable origin
#To create linear model
model_origin <- lm(mpg ~ origin, data = Auto)
summary(model_origin)

##
## Call:
## lm(formula = mpg ~ origin, data = Auto)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -13.2416 -5.2533 -0.7651 3.8967 18.7115
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 14.8120 0.7164 20.68 <2e-16 ***
## origin 5.4765 0.4048 13.53 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 6.447 on 390 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3195, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3177
## F-statistic: 183.1 on 1 and 390 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16

#6.How fuel efficient do you predict a Japanese car will be on average, based
on this model?
#To predict average mpg for Japanese cars
predicted_mpg_japanese <- coef(model_origin)[1] + coef(model_origin)[2] * 3
print(predicted_mpg_japanese)

## (Intercept)
## 31.24162

#Result - the predicted average mpg for Japanese cars based on this model is
approximately 31.2415

#7.Create a linear model with response = mpg and explanatory variables origin
and weight
#To create linear model
model_origin_weight <- lm(mpg ~ origin + weight, data = Auto)
summary(model_origin_weight)

##
## Call:
## lm(formula = mpg ~ origin + weight, data = Auto)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -13.0698 -2.7888 -0.3122 2.4489 15.4816
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 42.4908175 1.3266161 32.03 < 2e-16 ***
## origin 1.1540278 0.3306915 3.49 0.000539 ***
## weight -0.0070071 0.0003136 -22.34 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4.272 on 389 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.702, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7004
## F-statistic: 458.1 on 2 and 389 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16

#8.Predict the average mpg for two cars: a Japanese car that weighs 3000 and
an American car that weighs 3000
#To predict mpg for Japanese car weighing 3000
predict(model_origin_weight, newdata = data.frame(origin = 3, weight = 3000))

## 1
## 24.93157

#Result is 24.93157

#To predict mpg for American car weighing 3000


predict(model_origin_weight, newdata = data.frame(origin = 1, weight = 3000))

## 1
## 22.62352

#Result is 22.62352

#9.How much more fuel-efficient are Japanese cars? Is the result what you
expect?
#Inorder to asses how much more fuel-efficient Japanese cars are,we need to
calculate the difference
#To calculate the difference in predicted average mpg
difference_mpg <- predicted_mpg_japanese - predict(model_origin, newdata =
data.frame(origin = 1))
print(difference_mpg)
## (Intercept)
## 10.95309

#Result is Japanese cars are 10.95 mpg more predicted than American cars

#Yes,I expect the Japanese cars to be more fuel efficient than the American
cars

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