Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad

Department of ECE
Question Bank for Placement Preparation

Course: B. Tech. Semester: VI

Session: 2023-24 Subject: Antenna and wave Propagation
Sub. Code: KEC603 Total Questions: 20

Each question carries 2 Marks.

Q.1 What is antenna gain?

Ans- Antenna gain is a measure of the directionality of an antenna. It represents the

efficiency of the antenna in transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation in a particular
direction compared to an ideal isotropic radiator.

Q.2 What is the purpose of an antenna matching network?

Ans- The antenna matching network is used to match the impedance of the antenna to the
impedance of the transmission line or the output impedance of the transmitter/receiver, to
minimize signal reflections and maximize power transfer.

Q.3 What is the application of a directional antenna and omnidirectional antenna?

Ans- A directional antenna concentrates its radiation pattern in a specific direction, allowing
for longer communication distances (For far field) and higher gain compared to an
omnidirectional antenna, which radiates uniformly in all directions for near field
Applications.

Q.4 How does polarization affect antenna performance?

Ans- Polarization affects efficient transfer of electromagnetic energy, leading to maximum

signal strength with minimal loss. Changes in polarization due to reflections or scattering can
affect signal reception, allowing for polarization diversity to improve performance.
Randomization of polarization in certain environments or materials leads to additional signal
loss and degradation of antenna performance.
Q.5 Explain the concept of antenna bandwidth.

Ans- Antenna bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which an antenna can
operate effectively. It is typically defined as the frequency range over which the antenna's
impedance remains within a certain range, such as 2:1 or 3:1.

Q.6 What is the difference between the near field and the far field of an antenna?

Ans- The near field is the region close to the antenna where the electromagnetic fields are not
yet fully developed and vary significantly with distance. The far field is the region further
away from the antenna where the fields behave more like electromagnetic waves and exhibit
a stable pattern.
Q.7 How does the size of an antenna affect its directivity?

Ans- Generally, larger antennas have higher directivity because they can focus more
of the radiated energy in a specific direction.

Q.8 How does the size of an antenna relate to its operating frequency?

Ans- The size of an antenna is inversely proportional to its operating frequency. Lower
frequencies require larger antennas, while higher frequencies can be effectively radiated or
received by smaller antennas.

Q.9 What is the role of a feed horn in a parabolic dish antenna?

Ans- The feed horn is a device used to feed radio frequency energy to or from the parabolic
reflector of the antenna. It helps focus the energy onto the reflector and collects the reflected
energy for transmission or reception.

Q.10 How does antenna height affect the coverage area of a wireless network?

Ans- Antenna height affects the coverage area by influencing the line-of-sight and non-line-
of-sight propagation paths. Higher antennas can extend the coverage area and improve signal
strength for communication over longer distances.

Q.11 What are the main factors that determine the range of an RFID system?

Ans- The range of an RFID system is determined by factors such as the transmit power of the
reader, the sensitivity of the RFID tags, the frequency of operation, and the environmental
conditions that affect signal propagation.

Q.12 How does multipath propagation affect the performance of wireless

communication systems?

Ans- Multipath propagation occurs when signals travel along multiple paths from the
transmitter to the receiver, causing signal interference and distortion. This can degrade the
performance of wireless communication systems by reducing signal quality and reliability.

Q.13 Explain the concept of antenna diversity in wireless communication.

Ans- Antenna diversity is a technique used to improve the reliability of wireless

communication systems by using multiple antennas to mitigate the effects of fading and
interference. Diversity antennas can be spatially separated or have different polarizations to
enhance signal diversity.

Q.14 What is meant by the term "antenna polarization diversity"?

Ans- Antenna polarization diversity is a technique that uses multiple antennas with different
polarization orientations to improve signal reception in environments where signal
polarization may vary or be unknown. This helps ensure that at least one antenna receives a
strong signal regardless of polarization.
Q.15 How does the Earth's ionosphere affect the propagation of radio waves?

Ans- The Earth's ionosphere can reflect and refract radio waves, allowing for long-distance
communication via skywave propagation. The ionosphere's properties vary with solar activity
and time of day, affecting the range and reliability of radio communication.

Q.16 What is the difference between line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation?

Ans- Line-of-sight propagation occurs when there is a direct, unobstructed path between the
transmitter and receiver, enabling long-distance communication. Non-line-of-sight
propagation occurs when the path is obstructed, requiring signals to be reflected or diffracted
to reach the receiver.

Q.17 How can antennas be used to improve the performance of a wireless sensor
network?

Ans- Antennas can be used to improve the performance of a wireless sensor network by
increasing the communication range, enhancing signal quality, and reducing power
consumption. Directional antennas can be used to focus signals in specific directions, while
omnidirectional antennas can provide 360-degree coverage.

Q.18 Describe the concept of beamforming in antenna arrays.

Ans- Beamforming is a signal processing technique used in antenna arrays to steer the
direction of the transmitted or received signal. By adjusting the phase and amplitude of each
antenna element, beamforming can create a focused beam that enhances signal strength and
reduces interference.

Q.19 How does the gain of an antenna affect its radiation pattern?

Ans- The gain of an antenna determines the directionality of its radiation pattern. Higher gain
antennas have narrower radiation patterns, concentrating energy in a specific direction, while
lower gain antennas have broader patterns, distributing energy more uniformly.

Q.20 Explain the concept of antenna efficiency.

Ans- Antenna efficiency is a measure of how well an antenna converts input power into
radiated electromagnetic energy. It accounts for losses due to impedance mismatch, resistive
losses, and other factors, and is expressed as a percentage of the total input power that is
radiated.