Scribd
Upload
76 views

Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Elements and Models of Communication Lecture Module

The document discusses communication processes and principles. It describes the elements of communication including source, message, channel, receiver, feedback and environment. It then explains several models of communication including Aristotle's model, Shannon-Weaver's technological model, and Osgood-Schramm's two-way circular model.

Uploaded by

jromarnavarrete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views

Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Elements and Models of Communication Lecture Module

The document discusses communication processes and principles. It describes the elements of communication including source, message, channel, receiver, feedback and environment. It then explains several models of communication including Aristotle's model, Shannon-Weaver's technological model, and Osgood-Schramm's two-way circular model.

Uploaded by

jromarnavarrete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

CHAPTER

COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS


1
Lesson 1

Introduction

Communication attracts differences of people with different cultures in establishing


good relationship in many situations-may it be friendly or business in nature. The age of
time has established different ways of connecting people from different settings all over
the world; at this time technology is in demand and communication is modernized. The
face-to-face conversation of people has been mixed-up with technological means.
Through these varied ways in communication, communication style also changes. The
use of social media has become one of the ways of which people use to express their
feelings and as a means of their communication. People have become modernized to
inform, persuade and influence others in any means which technology continuously
develops. What people may expect on the years to come is the more advanced ways of
communication.
Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

a. describe communication process viewed from different models;

b. demonstrate the changes of communication through times; and

c. adopt cultural differences to effective communication.


Learning Content

1. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

 The elements of communication are present in any ways of delivery.

a. Source

A message is crafted through a sender who initiates the communication process. It can be
an author of a book, a public speaker, or a teacher who discusses a lesson.

b. Message

Communication is delivered through a message send by the speaker to the receiver.

c. Channel

Channel is the means of communication. Examples are phone in calls and letters sent in
business transactions. To have an effective communication, communicators should select
the best means of communication.
d. Receiver

When the message is sent by the sender it is received by the recipient. A receiver can be
an audience in a symposium, a reader who receives the letter or a pedestrian who reads
road signs.

e. Feedback

An understood message is confirmed through the response of the receiver. Feedbacks


may be written, spoken or acted out such as thumbs up given by a listener.

f. Environment

The sender and receiver’s feelings, mood, place and mindset are called environment.
Both sender and receiver have to consider the setting where communication takes place.
This factor may also hinder effective communication where barriers may interfere such as
noise from the buses or poor signal in phone calls.

g. Context

The meaning conveyed from the message sent by the sender to the receiver is called
context. It is necessary that both the encoder and decoder share common understanding
to achieve effective communication.

h. Interference

Interferences or barriers prevent effective communication. These are factors that hinder
the communication process.

 The following are the types of barriers in communication:

a. Psychological barriers

These are thoughts that hamper the interpreted message received by the receiver such as
dizziness of the listener while the teacher lectures or when the listener is preoccupied by
some other things while listening to the speaker.

b. Physical barriers

These are stimuli from the environment which disrupt communication, weather or climate
conditions and physical health of the communicator.

c. Linguistic and cultural barriers

Word differences are present in different cultures which may result to ineffective
communication.
d. Mechanical barriers

These are interferences which affect channels to transmit the message such as poor
signal or low battery consumption of mobile phones while calling.

2. COMMUNICATION MODELS

Several models in communication are introduced to understand the different


settings and contexts in which communication takes place. Since communication happen
in different settings whether face-to-face or technological, verbal or non-verbal, these
models expose how the process is undergone in different mediums.

The earliest model that structures how public speaking is undergone is explained
through Aristotle’s model of communication. In this model, Aristotle identified the five
elements which compose the communication process which are the speaker, speech
occasion, audience and effect. This model is speaker-centered which results the audience
as passive. The effect of the speech delivered by the speaker to the audience in an
occasion is that either the listeners be persuaded or not; in this case the communication
becomes one-way delivery because feedback from the audience is not expected.

Technological model of communication process is explained by the proponents


Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver known as Shannon-Weaver’s model of
Communication (Flores, 2016). This model was developed because of the technological
invention of telephone. Six elements of communication are identified in this model: sender,
encoder, channel, noise, decoder, receiver, and feedback. In comparison to the basic
elements of communication, this model specifies that the sender and encoder do not
function similarly. Technologically, in telephone calls the caller functions as the sender
while the encoder is the telephone that turns the caller’s voice into series of binary data
packages which is sent down to the telephone lines. The telephone wire works as
channel and the telephone which the receiver uses to receive the message becomes the
decoder and the destination of the call is the receiver. The noise present in the channel
may interrupt the communication process which results to poor communication. With this,
the receiver may respond that he/she wasn’t able to understand what the caller had sent.
The two-way street flow of communication in which a sender and a receiver send
back and forth messages was popularized by Charles Egerton Osgood. This model
considers communication as circular because both the encoder and decoder take turn in
sending the message. Along the process of communication, the recipients filter to interpret
the meaning of the words sent to them. The different meanings applied to send messages
could become interference in communication known as semantic noise.

In the latter years, Wilbur Schramm adapted Osgood’s model and added another
element in communication called field of experience. Sneha Mishra (2017) identified
culture, social background, beliefs, experiences, values and rules that correspond to this
element. With great similarity of the recipients’ field of experience, the greater effective
communication is expected.

OSGOOD-SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION


Another circular model that explains communication as a continuous process with
no real beginning or end is Eugene White’s Stages of Communication. According to
White, it is possible to begin at any stage of the elements outlined in his model because
communication is circular which may start at any beginning and ends at any point. The
elements in this model are thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving,
decoding, feed backing and monitoring.

Learning Materials and Resources for Supplementary Reading

Models & Elements of Communication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HXa320iTPY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_QylCztffk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNN9d0PsIQk

You might also like