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Post-Covid-19 Pandemic IT Project Management Skills and Challenges

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DOI: 10.1109/ICBATS57792.2023.10111320

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 Post-Covid-19 Pandemic IT Project Management
2023 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) | 979-8-3503-3564-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICBATS57792.2023.10111320

Skills and Challenges

Liaqat Ali Nasser Taleb Atif Ali
College of Engineering and Faculty of Management, Research Management Centre
Technology, University of Science Canadian University Dubai, (RMC),
and Technology of Fujairah Dubai, UAE Multimedia University,
Fujairah, UAE [email protected] Cyberjaye 63100 Malaysia.
[email protected] [email protected]
Hina Naseem
Ibrahim A. Abu-AlSondos Allama Iqbal Open Universioty Farhan Yousaf
College of Computer Information Islamabad Pakistan University of management and
Technology, American University in Applied Science Research Center technology
the Emirates (AUE), Dubai 503000 , Applied Science Private [email protected]
United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Amman 11937,
[email protected] Jordan, h_gaftim@
asrc.asu.edu.jo
Mohamed Abdelhakim [email protected]
Faculty of Management,
Canadian University Dubai,
Dubai, UAE
mohamed.abdelhakim@
cud.ac.ae
Abstract: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic Heathrow Disruption”, TSB Bank, Welsh NHS IT
has harmed social, financial, and work life. The novel failure, Meltdown & Spectre, Multiple British Airways
coronavirus has caused problems in all business sectors, IT issues Stuxnet. Yet, these were not even closer to
including Information Technology(IT). Many Projects COVID-19 induced crisis and associated lockdown. It
have been stopped or delayed due to the impact of this has impacted several impacts on the pace and quality of
pandemic. Most of the companies recognized the projects worldwide, apart from impacting human health
importance of IT to achieve competitive advantage and to and generating healthcare crises, leading to multiple
survive. Companies are investing a lot of money in IT countries imposing lockdowns to stop the spread of
projects. More than 60% of IT project fail. Lack of
viruses. This pandemic and its associated lockdown
professional IT project management is one of the main
reasons for that fail. Managing IT projects is a complex
have enormous implications for the global economy
problem. Crises such as COVID 19 and uncertainty are and information technology society. Still, its full range
increasing the complexity and challenges in IT projects of consequences remains unclear [1].
management. This paper investigates what are the IT Every day spent with this pandemic introduces
project management Key success factors required multiple ranges of issues for project managers and
during and after the Pandemic. Secondary data were teams, so COVID-19 has brought many dazzling
collected from literature review in the field of IT project consequences to IT worldwide. If companies want to
management. an online questionnaire was used to collect
thrive and grow, they will have to dramatically change
the primary data from 107 IT firms. 323 respondents
were participated. It is concluded that the following Key
their business operations because their workers and
success factors are required: e-communication, colleagues sit in geographically remote places and apart
centralization of data, online project monitoring, from each other in their homes rather than working in
designing new policies and guidelines for incorporating an adequately dedicated working place and working
new work culture, gaining and establishing project risk environment [2]. But challenges always bring some
management exercises, especially cybersecurity and data opportunities, and these opportunities can be mainly of
protection by gaining access to the latest tools, learning type. If our project managers can sustain and
establishing a culture for strict usage of Personal still progress amongst this pandemic, they’ll be more
Protective Equipment (PPEs) to help project managers versatile and equipped. This pandemic is creating a
complete projects safely, and top management support. “virtual environment,” which in simple words means
Keywords: Project Manager Skills, Challenges, COVID- that our project managers need to develop their skills
19, Pandemic and expertise in troubleshooting to lead virtual projects.
Internet and the development of remotely interactive
I. INTRODUCTION tools like Zoom and Skype etc. added a new dimension
This planet has experienced multiple crises relevant in project management in information technology.
to information technology, including “February 2020: COVID-19 has brought unforeseen issues for all project

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managers, emphasizing the need for resilience, project goals efficiently and effectively in the post-
versatility, and a new set of skills for this unimaginary COVID-19 era.
transition. At present, we are speculating that our
industry will revive soon after the pandemic comes An automated platform for gathering and managing
under control or lockdown is eased. Our paper aims to open-source cyber threat intelligence can be developed
explore some essential key success factors required for using blockchain technology [23, 24, 32] and
project management projects to meet customers’ evolutionary approaches [18], providing enhanced
demands and reboot the information technology security and optimization for threat detection and
industry during or after the COVID-19 pandemic [1,3]. management.
After rigorous literature search and review, essential This paper focuses on critical IT project
project management key success factors and their management key success factors that project managers
associated challenges are recognized. The paper must learn to cope with multiple issues generated by
emphasizes the importance of e-communication, this pandemic and associated lockdown.
centralization of data, online monitoring of projects,
designing new policies guidelines for incorporating Essential Project Management Skills during or
new work culture, gaining and establishing project risk after COVID-19 Pandemic:
management exercises, especially cybersecurity and Leaders are borne in hard times, and difficult times
data protection by gaining access to the latest tools, lead to the polishing of leadership qualities. Under the
establishing a culture for strict usage of Personal COVID-19 pandemic, these organizational leadership
Protective Equipment’s (PPEs) that can assist project skills will be vital in minimizing economic collapse or
managers in completing projects safely and damage. A project manager should prioritize its team
successfully [4]. members' health, putting different risks on the risk
register, considering halting or delaying the project
II. Related Work followed by a rigorous restart, collaborating with the
organization and contributing in general policymaking,
The pandemic of COVID-19 is a significant issue keep discussing different possible options, and
and crisis for the health of potentially millions of regularly reviewing plans and responses during this
subjects. All global supply roots and supply-chains are pandemic [5, 6, 30]. Post-Covid-19 pandemic, IT
adversely affected at some point in time and space. project managers with expertise in machine learning,
Many IT industries will be impacted in many different blockchain, and mobile agents will need to demonstrate
ways. Many companies have adopted policies to restrict strong adaptability and flexibility to navigate changing
workplace travel to minimize their employees' chances project requirements and stakeholder needs. They will
of contracting viruses and focused and prioritized also need to stay up-to-date with the latest
health over project timeframe. Due to lockdown, technological advancements to effectively manage and
governments of many countries have imposed deliver successful projects [33-34].
lockdown and stopped all the projects. Of course,
governments will be examining and easing lockdown A. Data Centralization
as several cases dropped down the safe limit of Data management and handling are critical
acceptable limit around the globe or in a specific challenges in any project, especially teams on specific
region, but this is expected to go through the entire tasks. The primary goal should be to collect data and
2020 [5]. For better project management and coordinate it with a central data storage point. In the
completion of projects in a reasonable timeframe, current situation, organizations or companies should
looking for new strategies and policies to maximize consider centralizing data by centralizing information
workers' efficiency must be prioritized. of schedules, correspondence, and documentation of
any type, different worksheets, reports, and records. To
Post-COVID-19 pandemic IT project management create a data centralization plan, an organization will
can benefit from the use of machine learning [16-17], need online and secure project management and data
which can help predict project delays, improve resource storage tool. This system should enable all the
allocation, and optimize project timelines. By analyzing stakeholders to monitor other corresponding colleagues'
historical project data and identifying patterns, machine progress on any project, whether it is going according
learning [19-22] can help project managers make data- to plan or not, by enabling project managers to log in to
driven decisions and adapt to the challenges presented their specific project under their supervision. Project
by the pandemic. Moreover, machine learning [25-27] managers should also track timetables, developments
can help IT project managers in identifying the key on various projects, achievements, and levels of
areas for process improvement, ensuring successful availability of resources and planning accordingly [7].
project completion despite the uncertainties caused by
the pandemic. Overall, the use of machine learning [28- B. Efficient Monitoring
29] can help IT project managers in achieving their

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 Pre-defined milestones and vital elements of experience, and deep learning helps overcome
performance should be set down. Details of timetable, challenges in project management [45-48].
expenses, and other resources should also be outlined.
Using centralization of data, incredibly dedicated E. Risk Management:
dashboards should be created to monitor progress
towards sustainable goals achievement by various tools Risk management through risk identification and
of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital stratification will become even more critical for project
Twin. If they are not followed, unnecessary and managers than ever it has been. By reviewing risk
unwanted delays will occur, leading to investors' identification plans, project managers will enable
thousands of dollars [6, 7]. themselves to minimize risks, build different ways of
dealing with this pandemic, and allow teams to
C. Effective Communication successfully complete their projects. They should
review key risk areas like resources, communication,
Effective communication has always been in the technology, and finances. Try to identify top spoilers
successful completion of projects and customer and develop a strategy to minimize their impacts [7, 9,
satisfaction and satisfaction of investors. This 37].
communication has become a pivot of any project, and
a much-needed skill for a project manager has been Effectively Using Tools and Technology
shifted remotely. Project managers should be familiar This century has been revolutionized by

Figure 1: Skills for a Successful Project Manager

with using various online communication tools like information technology and the internet. Still, this also
Emails, Google Meetings, Zoom, Skype, Whatsapp, increased human-based project management skills even
and Imo to communicate with their team members. more desperately because technology has produced
Video-conferencing, different messaging systems, various challenges.
project management software, etc., will also be crucial
during this pandemic [8]. Project management software will enable project
managers to fully control their projects in real-time,
D. Revisiting of Contracts helping them build rapport with teammates and clients
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become or employers. Different tools like Emails, Google
almost impossible to complete projects on time Meetings, Zoom, Skype, Whatsapp, and Imo, etc., to
according to the timeframe, and meet with clients' communicate with their team members. Video-
demands has become increasingly difficult for project conferencing, different messaging systems, project
managers and companies. So, FIDIC and NEC are management software, etc., will also be crucial during
becoming more and more important nowadays. For this pandemic [9]. Using these software and data
unpredictable events like COVID-19, some contractual centralization tools, data will be more organized, and
clauses exist about different types of implications of sensitive files will be secure at proper known places.
different clauses that fall under two major categories,
F. Establishing a New Work Ethics and Culture
including contract provisions to amend the law and
force majeure [9]. An m-learning environment supports
mobile learning, an ensemble learning model improves When challenges occur, difficult times happen,
accuracy and robustness of predictions, an Interactive they bring new challenges, and project managers
Book with Augmented Reality enhances learning need to be innovative and bright-minded to tackle

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 these new problems. They should have a software, etc., will also be crucial during this
foreseeing ability and ability to observe and act pandemic [5]. Using these software and data
rapidly to handle these new problems. They centralization tools, data will be more organized,
should have good decision-making power. Project and sensitive files will be secure at proper known
management software will enable project places. But some resilience should be shown by a
managers to fully control their projects in real- team leader or project manager to allow their
time, helping them build rapport with teammates teammates to adapt to these changes [8, 10]. In
and clients or employers. Different tools like summary, Nicholls [11] has outlined critical skills
Emails, Google Meetings, Zoom, Skype, for a project manager in his publication, as shown
Whatsapp, and Imo, etc., to communicate with in Fig.1:
their team members. Video-conferencing,
different messaging systems, project management

III. Materials and Methods budget, quality and stakeholders satisfaction as

dependent variables. All were measured through a self-
It was a web-based descriptive type of cross- constructed, well-developed questionnaire.
sectional study conducted after two weeks of COVID-
19 associated lockdown on project managers from Statistical Analysis:
various IT companies belonging to various Punjab Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software
cities. A well-structured web-based questionnaire e- (SPSS) (version 20, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY,
communication, centralization of data, online USA) was used for data entry and data analysis. A P-
monitoring of projects, designing new policies and value less than 0.05 was considered statistically
guidelines for incorporating new work culture, gaining significant. Frequencies of different qualitative
and establishing project risk management exercises, variables like gender etc. were calculated. Mean and
especially cybersecurity and data protection by gaining
standard deviation for quantitative variables like age
access to latest tools, establishing a culture for strict
etc. was found.
usage of Personal Protective types of equipment (PPEs)
was administered to study population. The
questionnaire was filled by the study population online, IV. Results
and responses were collected and analyzed.
We received responses from 323 respondents from
various cities of Punjab. Out of all the respondents,
Hypothesis
E-communication, centralization of data, online 147(45.5%) were females, and 176(54.5%) were males
monitoring of projects, designing new policies and (Pie chart 1).
guidelines for incorporating new work culture, gaining
and establishing project risk management exercises
especially cybersecurity and data protection by gaining
access to latest tools, establishing a culture for strict
usage of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) assist
project managers in completing projects safely and
successfully.

Study Variables
After rigorous literature search and review, essential
project management skills and their associated
challenges are recognized. E-communication,
centralization of data, online monitoring of projects, Pie chart 1: Gender distribution of study population (n=323)
designing new policies and guidelines for
incorporating new work culture, gaining and 261(80.8%) respondents were between the age of 20-
establishing project risk management exercises 30 years, 39 respondents(12.1%) were between the age
especially cybersecurity and data protection by gaining of 40-50 years; however, the rest of the population
access to latest tools, establishing a culture for strict (9%) was above 50 years old. 246 (76.2%) respondents
usage of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) were were married, while 77(23.8%) respondents were
included as independent variables while Project single (table 1).
success parameters including being on time, being on a
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 gaining and establishing project risk management
exercises, especially cybersecurity and data protection
Frequ Valid Cumulative by gaining access to latest tools, establishing a culture
for strict usage of Personal Protective Equipment
Marital Status ency Percent Percent Percent (PPEs) were topmost essential capabilities or
Valid No 77 23.8 23.8 23.8 competencies that were required for being a successful
project manager.
Yes 246 76.2 76.2 100.0 Chi-Square test showed dependent variables like being
Total 323 100.0 100.0 on time, quality, and stakeholders satisfaction were
statistically associated with independent variables e-
communication, centralization of data, online
Table 1: Distribution of marital status of the study
monitoring of projects, designing new policies and
population (n=323)
guidelines for incorporating new work culture, gaining
187(57.9%) of the respondents live in houses more
and establishing project risk management exercises
significant than six marlas, 66(28.5%) respondents live
especially cybersecurity and data protection by gaining
in a house between 4-6 marlas while the rest of the
access to latest tools, establishing a culture for strict
respondents, 70(13.6%), live in houses smaller than
usage of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)
four marlas. 257(79.8%) respondents spent 16-24
(n=323, p= 0.012). But the association of being on a
hours per day at home during the lockdown, while
budget (dependent variable) was not statistically
66(20.2%) respondents were spending less than 16
significant with independent variables as COVID-19
hours at home. 186(57.6%) of respondents were
may have increased budget demands probably due to
feeling worried during a pandemic situation, while
disruption of supply chains (n=323, p= 0.234).
77(24.1%) were not worried at all during a pandemic,
V. Discussion
and the rest were not sure about the situation (Pie chart
2).
The project managers play a pivotal role in the smooth
running, proper functioning, and success of any
project. During previous decades, project managers
have gained tremendous respect in almost every
business industry, especially IT [12]. By 2027,
industries will require 87.7 million workers employed
in a project manager's post to be oriented to project
management skills. Project Management Job Growth
and Talent Gap Report and PRINCE2 Training
concluded that a shortage of project managers in 11
countries would generate almost US$ 208 billion in
Pie chart 2: Numbers of average hours spent at home (n=323)
GDP over ten years period. So, thousands of new jobs
should and will be created in this particular area by
Out of 323 participants, 301 called that independent
2027, as indicated in Figures 2 & 3 [13].
variables like e-communication, centralization of data,
online monitoring of projects, designing new policies
and guidelines for incorporating new work culture,

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Figure 2: Jobs Opportunities for Project Managers during 2017-2027 [13, 14]

Figure 3: Project Management Jobs Created by PRINCE2 Training during 2017-2027 [14, 15]

VI. Conclusion pace. At present, we are speculating that our

industry will revive soon after the pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, every aspect of comes under control or lockdown is eased. Our
social and work life is disturbed. There have been paper aims to explore some essential key success
multiple issues to undergoing projects, mostly factors required for project management projects
stopped while some delayed due to slow work to meet customers’ demands and reboot the

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 information technology industry during or after [10] Schneider, M. (2020). Secure automated file exchange (SAFE) –
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