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Notes For Theory Questions.

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24 views3 pages

Notes For Theory Questions.

Uploaded by

rajvardhanchopda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch1 – Data Representation

Notes for theory questions


1. Suggest an easy way of finding the ASCII binary code for lower-case letter (for
example, ‘m’) if the ASCII code for the upper-case (for example, ‘M’) is known.
Answer: The difference between the ASCII code for lower case and upper case letters is
+32. Hence to convert the binary code from a upper case value to a lower case value,
replace the ‘0’ in column value with 32 with ‘1’.

2. State three uses of the hexadecimal system.


Answer:
 Error codes
 MAC address
 IP address
 HTML colour codes

3. Give three reasons why it is often necessary to reduce the size of a file.
Answer:
 It saves storage space on HDD/SSD.
 It is faster to upload/download files to/from internet (Bandwidth).
 It reduces cost.
 It reduces time taken to stream a music or video file.

4. Explain the difference between lossy and lossless file compression.


Answer:
Lossy Compression Lossless Compression
Eliminates data which is not noticeable. Does not eliminate data which is not
noticeable.
A file cannot be restored in its original A file can be restored in its original form.
form.
Data quality is compromised. Data quality is not compromised.
Used for audio, video and images. Used for text, spreadsheets or programs,
images and sound.
It is termed as irreversible compression. It is termed as reversible compression.
5. Give one example of the use of lossy file compression.
Answer: Mpeg-3, Mpeg-4 or Jpg

6. Give one example of the use of lossless file compression.


Answer: RLE (Run-length encoding) – used for text files, spreadsheets
7. In terms of representing bitmap images, explain the following:
a. Colour depth
Answer: The number of bits used to represent each colour/pixel is called colour
depth.

b. Image resolution
Answer: The number of pixels that make up an image is called image resolution.
Eg: 4096 x 3192.

8. Explain the difference between ASCII code and Unicode.


Answer:
ASCII Unicode
Standard ASCII code consists of 7 bit codes. Unicode consists of 8,16 or 32 bits of code.
Extended ASCII code consists of 8 bit codes.
Does not represent characters in non- Represents all the languages of the world.
western languages , for example Chinese
characters.
ASCII codes are different for different Unicode have one common code for all
operating systems. operating systems, search engines and
internet browsers.
ASCII uses one byte to represent a character. Unicode supports up to 4 bytes per
character.

9. Explain what is meant by run-length encoding (RLE).


Answer: It is a form of lossless file compression.
 It reduces the size of a string of adjacent, identical data.
 A repeated string is encoded into two values:
o The first value represents the number of identical items.
o The second value represents the code of data item.

10. Explain the following terms used in the electronic storage of sound:
a. Sampling resolution / bit depth
Answer:
Number of bits per sample is known as sampling resolution or bit depth.
(or)
Number of bits used to represent sound amplitude is called sampling resolution.

b. Sampling rate
Answer: Number of sound samples taken per second is called sampling
resolution. It is measured in hertz (Hz).
11. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of increasing the sampling rate and sampling
resolution when representing sound in an electronic (binary) format.
Answer:
Benefits:
 Larger dynamic range
 Better sound quality
 Less sound distortion
Drawback:
 Produces larger files.
 Takes longer time to transmit / download music files
 Requires greater processing power.

12. State what is meant by a bit.


Answer: A bit is the basic unit of memory storage and is either 1 or 0. The word bit
comes from Binary digit.

13. Give reasons why computers use binary numbers rather than denary/decimal
numbers.
Answer:
 Computer contains millions of tiny ‘switches’, which must be in the ON or OFF
position and can be represented by binary system.
 A switch in the ON position is represented by 1; a switch in the OFF position is
represented by 0.
Since binary system uses only these two numbers (1&0), computers use binary
numbers rather than decimal numbers.

14. Explain why the hexadecimal number system is used by computer technicians and
programmers.
Answer:
 Hexadecimal number system is more convenient to use as one hex digit
represents four binary digits.
 The hex number is far easier for humans to remember, copy and work with
as it has fewer digits.
 It is easier to write software commands or diagnosing errors in software.
 It is easy to inter-convert between hex and binary.

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