Uace Bio 1 Wakisha One
Uace Bio 1 Wakisha One
Uace Bio 1 Wakisha One
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Signature………………………………….
(Do not write your School Name anywhere on this booklet)
P530/1
BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
Paper 1
Mar./Apr. 2021
2 ½hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Answer all questions in both section A and B
SECTION A
Answers to this section must be written in the boxes provided
SECTION B
Answers to this section should be written in the spaces provided and not anywhere else.
No additional sheets of paper should be inserted in this booklet.
SECTION B 41
42
43
44
45
46
Total
2
C. To obtain energy for their food synthesis
D. To increase the level of nutrients in soil
10. Which of the following layers greatly minimizes incidences of mutations within populations
A. Mesosphere B. Stratosphere C. Trophosphere D. Atmosphere
11. Which one of the reactions does not occur within the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cell of C4
plants?
A. Conversion of malate to pyruvate
B. Conversion of phosphpenol pyruvate to oxaloacetate
C. Conversion of oxaloacetate to malate
D. Conversion of pyruvate to phospoenol pyruvate
12. Which of one of the following is true about oleic acids?
A. They have low melting points
B. The have a maximum number of hydrogen atoms
C. They lack double bonds
D. They are a minor constituent, of olive oil
13. According to Munch’s theory;
A. Food materials move from low pressure potential to high pressure potential
B. Water moves from the source to the xylem tubes
C. Skin cells exert a higher turgor than the source cells
D. There is unidirectional flow of food materials
14. Which of the following theory disregards the fact that the earth has existed for about five billion
years?
A. Cosmozoan B. spontaneous C. Steady state D. Special creation
15. Which one of the following is not true about the proxylem?
A. It is capable of stretching C. It exists after cell elongation
B. It is less lignified D. It is a dead tissue
16. Which one of the following transfers of energy, the greatest loss of enegy occur?
A. Sun to primary producers C. Primary consumers to secondary consumers
B. Primary producers to secondary consumers D. Secondary consumers to tertiary consumers
17. The introduction of toxides into the body of an individual is an example of;
A. Artificial active immunity C. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial passive immunity D. Artificial active immunity
18. Which of the following sub stages of interphase has a cell with the highest mass?
A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. Nuclear clearage
19. Which of the following does not occur due to blockage of blood by the sickle-shaped
erythrocytes?
A. Enlargement of the spleen C. Abdominal pains
B. Kidney failure D. Heart damage
3 Turn Over
20. Which one of the following is true about the macronucleus of the paramecium?
A. It is a polyploidy C. It forms new micronuclei
B. It controls reproduction D. It is red-shaped
21. The arrangement of a protein where the individual amino acid is in a sequence of line is called
A. Quatenary structure C. Primary structure
B. Tertiary structure D. Secondary structure
22. Which one of the following organisms has the highest amount of enegy per unit body mass?
A. Lion B. Squirrel D. Lynx D. Puma
23. The ability of man to test phenylthiocarbamate is an example of discontinuous variation. What is
the genotype frequency of homozygous individual, when the percentage frequency of tasters is
71.2%.
A. 28.8% B. 21.4% C. 49.7% D. 53.7%
24. A plant cell with a solute potential of 1000KPa and pressure potential of +500KPa was inserted
into a solution with water potential of 300KPa. Which one of the following is the water
potential gradient between the cell and an external solution?
A. +100KPa B. 200KPa C. +300KPa D. 500KPa
25. Which of the following primates has the least phylogenetic relationship with man?
Baboon B. Chimpanzee C. Gibbon D. Gorilla
26. In humans, albinism is recessive to normal skin pigmentation. If an albino female marries a
heterozygous normal male, what percentage of their offsprings would most probably be normal?
A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 100
27. Which one of the following doesnot occur during contraction of alary muscles in insects?
A. Downward movement of the pericardial membrane
B. Stretching of the suspensory ligaments
C. Outward expansion of the heart walls
D. Decrease in preassure of the perivisceral cavity
28. The notochord of the following organisms can be modified, except
A. Amphioxus B. Acone worm C. sea squirt D. Ray fish
29. Which one of the following is not true about a compound X with molecular formular of
C5H10O4?
A. It is a reducing agent
B. It forms a nucleoside together with a nitrogenous base
C. It is a component of mRNA
D. It can form crystals
30. Digestion of food in the hydra begins from:
A. MUsculo-epithelial cells C. Mesogloea
B. Glandular cells D. Enteron
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31. Which one of the following is the effect of histamine during allergic reactions in the human
body? It,
A. Stimulates gastric secretion
B. Causes contraction of smooth muscles
C. Causes vasoconstriction of small blood vessels
D. Increase the permeability of the walls of small blood vessels.
32. Which one of the following is NOT a function of haustorium of the parasitic fungus
Phytophthora infestans?
A. It secretes digestive enzymes C. It provides anchorage to the host
B. It acts as a penetrative device D. It absorbs soluble food materials
33. How many water molecules are produced when 30 molecules of glycerol are to synthesis
triglycerides?
A. 15 B. 30 C. 60 D. 90
34. Which one of the following best explains why the population of lions a natural ecosystem is
generally low?
A. Most lions lack enough food C. Lions obtain little energy
B. Lions reproductive rate is low D. Lion’s life span is naturally low.
35. Which one of the following stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions?
Enterocrinin B. Secretin C. Cholecystokinin D. Enterogastrone
36. Which one of the following types of selection reduces the extremes and conforms to the mean?
A. Directional selection C. Sexual selection
B. Stabilising selection D. Disruptive selection
37. Which one of the insectivorous plants have elaborate sacs for trapping insects?
A. Butterwort B. Sundew C. Bladderwort D. venus fly trap
38. Which one of the following is not a component of the cell sap?
A. Calcium oxalate crystals C. Anthocyanins
B. Mineral salts D. Carbondioxide
39. Which one of the following is not true about a rare species?
A. Its members are nearly becoming extinct
B. Its members are geography restricted
C. It has a small population
D. Its members are widely scattered
40. Which one of the following is an example of discontinuous variation
A. Milk yield
B. Seed number
C. Blood groups
D. Stem length
5 Turn Over
SECTION B (40 MARKS)
41. (a) Define the term solute potential (01mark)
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(b) Explain the effect of lowering the solute potential towards the following:
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42. The table below shows the variation of frequency (%) of the two species of moths A and B, in a
sampled area, with changes in the concentration of industrial effluents discharge in the area;
mainly sulphurdioxide and soot. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.
Frequency of species A (%) 0 0 2 20 220 443
Frequency of species B (%) 450 448 390 120 40 20
Concentration of industrial 0 0 10 30 90 120
effluents with time (ppm)
8
45. (a) What are sex limited characters (02marks)
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(b) Explain why sex linked characteristics are common in males than females (03marks)
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(c) Although the frequency of the gene for abnormal haemoglobins in human is low, that
gene cannot completely disappear from the population, explain that observation
(03marks)
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(d) What is meant by a pure line? (02marks)
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9 Turn Over
46. The graph below shows the effects of sewage discharge towards the biotic and abiotic
environment of the river
Sewage
Outfall
Increasing concentration
( )
( )
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(a) What is meant by sewage? (01mark)
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(b) Explain the changes in the level of nitrate from the point of sewage discharge, down
stream (03marks)
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(c) Explain the Gammarus species as an indicator, as shown by the graph (03marks)
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(d) Explain the changes in population of tubifex worms after sewage discharge into the river.
(03marks)
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11 END
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SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Write the letter corresponding to the most correct answer in the box provided on the right.
1. Which of the following structures is present in both eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
A. Mitochondria.
B. Ribosomes.
C. Pili.
D. Centrioles.
6. Increase in the dark form of the peppered moth was as a result of the;
A. dark moths migrating to areas which offered the best camouflage.
B. change in selection pressure.
C. change in the prey species taken by birds.
D. increase in the mutation rate.
7. Figure1 below shows an outline of the carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis
substance X is;
Fig. 1 GP hydrogen
Carbon
dioxide
RuBP Substance X
8. Figure 2 below shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis in a green plant.
Fig. 2
X Y
Rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Which of the following factors limit the rate of photosynthesis between points X and
Y?
A. Light intensity and oxygen concentration.
B. Temperature and oxygen concentration.
C. Temperature and carbon dioxide concentration.
D. Carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity.
9. Which of the following would not be formed during anaerobic breakdown of glucose
by yeast?
A. water.
B. ATP.
C. carbondioxide.
D. ethanol.
11. A species that plays a role vital for the survival of other species in an ecosystem is
called
A. a keystone species.
B. a native species.
C. an invasive species.
D. a dominant species.
Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 3
12. Figure 3 below shows three adjacent cells and their water potentials ().
Cell A Cell C
Fig. 3 = -6kPa = -10kPa
Cell B
= -12kPa
Which of the following is the correct sequence of water movement between all
the cells?
A. A C B
B. C B A
C. A B C
D. B A C
14. Which of the following features is NOT present in the phylum arthropoda?
A. Jointed appendages.
B. Chitinous exoskeleton.
C. Parapodia.
D. Metameric segmentation.
17. In mammals, which of the following blood vessels would normally carry the largest
amount of urea?
A. Hepatic portal vein.
B. Renal vein.
C. Dorsal aorta.
D. Hepatic vein.
20. The type of gaseous exchange structures in organisms would greatly be influenced by;
A. metabolic rate and respiratory medium.
B. habitat and metabolic rate.
C. body size and metabolic rate.
D. habitat and size of cuticle.
21. Ascent of water in a tall plant as a result of the transpiration stream is due to;
A. root pressure.
B. adhesion.
C. cohesion.
D. capillarity.
22. In which of the following parts of the mammalian testis is the Interstitial Cell
Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) produced?
A. leyding cells.
B. primordial germ cells.
C. sertoli cells.
D. seminiferous tubules.
23. Which of the following parts of the mammalian ear are absent in the ear of an
amphibian?
A. Ear drum and pinna.
B. Pinna and auditory canal.
C. Eustachian tube and pinna.
D. Auditory canal and Eustachian tube.
24. The secretions of the hypothalamus are transported to the posterior lobe of
the pituitary gland through
A. portal blood vessels.
B. pituitary stalk.
C. capillary network.
D. nerve fibres.
Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 5
25. Table 1 below shows the results obtained from the process of estimating the population
size of certain plant species in Ziika whose total land area is 10,000m2 using aquadrat
of 1m2. From the results the population size of the plant species is;
Table 1
Throws made 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of plants in each throw 53 74 40 63 56 53 70 72 57 53
A. 600,000 plants.
B. 60,000 plants.
C. 6000 plants.
D. 60 plants.
26. The type of learnt behavior that results due to continuous repetition of a stimulus that is
not associated with a punishment or reward is
A. associative learning.
B. latent learning.
C. insight learning.
D. habituation.
27. Which of the following is NOT used to classify organisms in kingdom protoctista?
A. The type of pigment present.
B. The type of locomotory structure if present.
C. Mode of nutrition.
D. Type of cell wall.
29. During locomotion in an earthworm, when the circular muscles contract the;
A. longitudinal muscles contract.
B. longitudinal muscles become stretched.
C. chaetae are extended.
D. pressure of coelomic fluid reduces.
30. Which of the following hormones stimulates the liver to synthesize bile rich in
hydrogen carbonate?
A. Gastrin.
B. Cholecystokinin.
C. Secretin.
D. Insulin.
31. The proportion of a recessive allele in a gene pool is 0.1, what is the proportion of the
population with the dorminant allele?
A. 0.36
B. 0.9
C. 0.18
D. 0.99
Fig. 4
37. During the process of photosynthesis in the Z – scheme, the reaction centre of
chlorophyll P680 is reduced with electrons that originate from
A. Water.
B. NADPH.
C. P700.
D. Ferredoxin.
38. Which one of the following situations is likely to have no immediate effect on body
temperature?
A. Increase in environmental temperature.
B. acclimatization.
C. Release of thyroxine.
D. Perspiration.
Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 7
39. If genes C and D are on the same pair of homologous chromosomes and exhibit
recombination, the number of phenotypic types from a cross of two individuals
heterozygous for both genes will be;
A. one.
B. two.
C. three.
D. four.
40. Which one of the following will be virtually absent in a highly industrialised area?
A. Lichens.
B. Bryophytes.
C. Algae.
D. Ferns.
41. Figure 5 below shows the rate of glucose reabsorption and excretion from a mammalian
kidney in relation to the glucose concentration in the plasma.
Fig. 5
800
Glucose excreted
Rate of glucose absorbed or
excreted in (mgmn-1)
600
a) From the graph, compare the rate of glucose reabsorbed with that excreted.
(04 marks)
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Pupa Adult
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Fig. 6 24 Key
Temperature Brain
22 * * **
x x x Blood
20
Level of PTTH/Brain hormone
18 * * Temperature
16 *
Temperature in 0C
14 * *
x
12 Brain
x
10 *
8
x
6
*
4 blood
x
2
x x x x x x
0
0 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8
Time in weeks
a) Compare the levels of PTTH or brain hormone in the brain and blood of
silkworm during the study period. (04 marks)
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© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 10
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b) Account for the relationship between the levels of PTTH in the brain and blood
of the silkworm during its development from pupa to adult. (05 marks)
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c) State any one significance of growth and development in organisms. (01 mark)
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44. a) What is meant by the following ecological terms.
i) Biomass (02 marks)
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ii) Productivity (02 marks)
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Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 11
b) State two advantages of using energy to determine the number of organisms at
different trophic levels in an ecosystem. (02 marks)
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c) Explain the advantages a primary consumer has over a higher consumer
(02 marks)
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d) In an ecological study to determine the population of fish in a pond, 200 fish
were captured, marked and released back into the pond. After three weeks, a
second capture of 250 fish was made of which 100 fish were marked.
Calculate the population of fish in the pond. (02 marks)
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45. Figure 7 below shows the effect of concentration difference on the rate of transport of
ions on either side of the cell membrane for three different types of transport. Study the
figure carefully and answer the questions that follow;
Facilitated diffusion
Concentration difference
No Concentration
difference
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 12
a) Explain the rate of transport of ions with changes in concentration difference for
facilitated diffusion. (03 marks)
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b) Explain the difference in the rate of transport of ions for active transport,
diffusion and facilitated diffusion at no concentration difference. (04 marks)
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c) Suggest what will happen to the rate of transport for active transport if a
respiratory poison like potassium cyanide was added? Give a reason for your
answer. (02 marks)
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d) State two other factors that would affect the rate of transport of substances
across cell membranes other than those mentioned above. (02 marks)
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Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 13
46. a) Distinguish between phenotype and genotype. (02 marks)
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b) In guinea pigs, there are two alleles for hair colour, black and white and also two
alleles for hair length, short and long. In a breeding experience all the F1
phenotypes produced from a cross between pure breeding, short black-haired
and pure breeding long white-haired parents had short black hair.
i) With a reason, state which alleles are dominant? (02 marks)
Allele/s;
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Reason;
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ii) Using suitable genetic symbols, determine the expected proportions of F2
phenotypes. (06 marks)
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END
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 14
P530/1
Biology
Paper 1
Jan/Feb, 2021
2 ½ hours
41
42
43
44
45
46
TOTAL
2. Which one of the features below is common to both the digestive and
respiratory tracts in humans?
A. gullet
B. external nares
C. epiglottis
D. diaphragm
Which of the curves represents the oxygen dissociation curve at the least
temperature?
A. Q
B. P
C. R
D. S
7. Which of the following will result in air entering into the human lungs?
A. Atmospheric pressure is less than pressure inside the lungs
B. Atmospheric pressure is greater than pressure inside the lungs
C. Although the pressure is the same inside and outside the lungs the partial
pressure of oxygen is lower within the lungs
D. The residual air in the lungs causes the partial pressure of oxygen to be
less than outside
13. The cross carried out to find the genotype of an organism is known as
A. Back cross
B. Breeding true
C. Test cross
D. Reciprocal cross
14. The counter current flow in bony fish achieves a high level of gas exchange
because it……
17. Which of the following couples is likely to give birth to a baby suffering from
foetal erythroblastosis?
A. Rh+ mother and Rh_ father
B. Rh_ mother and Rh_ father
C. Rh+ mother and Rh+ father
D. Rh_ mother and Rh+ father
18. Which one of the following comes before the others during the process
allopatric speciation?
A. Geographical isolation
B. Pre mating isolating mechanism
C. Post mating isolating mechanism
D. Character displacement
19. During the evolution of the horse, limb length gradually increased. This is an
example of
A. disruptive selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. directional selection
D. transient polymorphism
21. If A represents assimilation, R respiration and P net production, then the net
production of photosynthesis can be arithmetically expressed as;
A. A = R + P.
B. A + P = R.
C. A + R = P.
D. A – R = P.
22. Which of the plants below is the last type to appear in the ecological succession
of a forest?
A. mosses
B. trees
C. grasses
D. shrubs
27. A type of self-regulation such as the relationship between the pituitary gland,
thyroid stimulating hormone, the thyroid gland and thyroxin is known as
A. cyclosis
B. negative feed back
C. synopsis
D. voluntary control
28. Given that 4% of the members of a population of pea plants are short (a
recessive character), what is the frequency of both the recessive allele and
dominant allele respectively?
A. 0.2 and 0.8
B. 0.8 and 0.2
C. 0.04 and 0.64
D. 0.04 and 0.32
29. Which of the following body structures originates from the mesoderm in the
embryo?
A. Liver
B. Muscles
C. Nerves
D. Epidermis
31. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an
axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse?
A. Na+ outside and K+ inside
B. K+ outside and Na+ inside
C. Charged protein outside, Na + and K+ inside
D. Na+ and K+ outside and water only inside
32. Hormonelike substances that are secreted by all types of cells and are involved
in the sensation of pain are called
A. prostaglandins
B. adrenalins
C. thyroxin
D. insulin
37. Scientists are able to change the gene pool of a population by carrying out
A. adaptive radiation
B. natural selection
C. artificial selection
D. convergent evolution
38. Which of these terms has the same meaning as natural selection?
A. adaptive radiation
B. convergent evolution
C. survival of the fittest
D. divergent evolution
39. In humans the placenta develops from the chorion. This indicates that human
development
A. resembles that of the chick
B. is dependent upon extra embryonic membranes
C. cannot be compared to lower animals
D. only begins upon implantation
41. (a) (i) Define the term attenuated microorganism? (01 mark)
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(b) The table shows statements, which may be related to active immunity or
passive immunity. Complete the table by placing a tick in the box if the
statement is true or a cross in the box if the statement is false. (04 marks)
42. Figure 2 shows the metabolic rate of a resting dog at different environmental
temperatures
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(c) Explain how the Carmel a desert mammal is specialized to meet the problems of
overheating and water stress in its habitat (02 marks)
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(a) Compare the combined effect of light intensity and temperature on the
photosynthetic rate (03 marks)
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(i) C3 plants
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(ii) C4 plants
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44. (a) Distinguish between sex linked and sex limited characters (02marks)
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(a) Suggest one way how ozone layer depletion has been minimized (01 mark)
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(b) Biston betularia the peppered moth is light coloured and mottled. In 1848 a
dark (melanic) mutant form was captured in Manchester. By 1895 98% of
these moths in Manchester were melanic forms. The dark two forms are
morphs, the normal form being Biston betularia typica and the dark form
Biston betularia carbonifera
(ii) How does the data in Table 2 support the idea of natural selection?
(04 marks)
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(iii) Given that the data shown in Table 2 was collected in the 1950s, would
you predict similar figures if the investigation was to be repeated this
year (02 marks)
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END