Uace Bio 1 Wakisha One

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Candidate’s Name: Random no. Personal No.

……………………………………………..

Signature………………………………….
(Do not write your School Name anywhere on this booklet)
P530/1
BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
Paper 1
Mar./Apr. 2021
2 ½hours

WAKISO-KAMPALA TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATION (WAKATA)


WAKATA PRE UNEB EXAMINATIONS 2021
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Answer all questions in both section A and B
SECTION A
Answers to this section must be written in the boxes provided
SECTION B
Answers to this section should be written in the spaces provided and not anywhere else.
No additional sheets of paper should be inserted in this booklet.

For Examiners Use Only


SECTION A 1 0 MARKS

SECTION B 41
42
43
44
45
46
Total

©2021 Wakiso Kampala Teachers, Association (WAKATA) Turn Over


SECTION A (40 MARKS)
1. Chloride ions act as cofactors of salivary amylase enzyme by
A. Binding with it and slightly change its shape
B. Lowering the activation energy of the enzymes
C. Lowering the activation energy of the substrates
D. Making it closer to the substrates
2. Which of the following processes of meiosis I results into genetic variability within a population?
A. Diplotene B. Zygotene C. Pachytene D. Leptotene
3. Which of the following stages in the life cycle of the plasmodium cannot develop any further
when it is not within the body of the female Anopheles mosquito?
A. Sporozoites B. Merozoites C. Gametocytes D. Trophozoites
4. Which of the following is incorrect about pinocytosis
A. It involves use of energy in form of ATP
B. It involves removal of bulky materials from the cell
C. It involves infolding of the cell membrane
D. It involves pinching of vesicles from the cell membrane
5. Polyploidy is rare in animals because;
A. Cross breeding between species is rare in animals
B. Vegetative propagation is common in animals
C. Doubling of homologous chromosomes is rare in animals
D. Failure of the cell to clear is impossible in animals.
6. Though both workers and the queen are female and arise from fertilized eggs, the former are
sterile while the latter are fertile because;
A. They are genetically different C. Workers have immature gonads
B. They feed on different diets D. The queen secretes chemicals for workers’s sterility
7. During chemiosmotic synthesis of adenosine triphosphate
A. Hydrogen ions diffuse from the matrix the inter-membrane space
B. Energyin form of ATP is formed in the matrix
C. Hydrogen ions diffuse from the inter membrane space to the matrix
D. Energy in form of ATP is formed in the inter membrane space
8. An ulcerated person should avoid taking aspirin because
A. It contains highly concentrated acids
B. It inhibits secretion of mucus and HCO3(aq)
C. It stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion into the stomach
D. It avoids secretion of pepsin and rennin
9. Which of the following is the significance of nitrification towards nitrobacter?
A. To obtain oxygen for their respiratory activities
B. To obtain organic food substances for their growth

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C. To obtain energy for their food synthesis
D. To increase the level of nutrients in soil
10. Which of the following layers greatly minimizes incidences of mutations within populations
A. Mesosphere B. Stratosphere C. Trophosphere D. Atmosphere
11. Which one of the reactions does not occur within the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cell of C4
plants?
A. Conversion of malate to pyruvate
B. Conversion of phosphpenol pyruvate to oxaloacetate
C. Conversion of oxaloacetate to malate
D. Conversion of pyruvate to phospoenol pyruvate
12. Which of one of the following is true about oleic acids?
A. They have low melting points
B. The have a maximum number of hydrogen atoms
C. They lack double bonds
D. They are a minor constituent, of olive oil
13. According to Munch’s theory;
A. Food materials move from low pressure potential to high pressure potential
B. Water moves from the source to the xylem tubes
C. Skin cells exert a higher turgor than the source cells
D. There is unidirectional flow of food materials
14. Which of the following theory disregards the fact that the earth has existed for about five billion
years?
A. Cosmozoan B. spontaneous C. Steady state D. Special creation
15. Which one of the following is not true about the proxylem?
A. It is capable of stretching C. It exists after cell elongation
B. It is less lignified D. It is a dead tissue
16. Which one of the following transfers of energy, the greatest loss of enegy occur?
A. Sun to primary producers C. Primary consumers to secondary consumers
B. Primary producers to secondary consumers D. Secondary consumers to tertiary consumers
17. The introduction of toxides into the body of an individual is an example of;
A. Artificial active immunity C. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial passive immunity D. Artificial active immunity
18. Which of the following sub stages of interphase has a cell with the highest mass?
A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. Nuclear clearage
19. Which of the following does not occur due to blockage of blood by the sickle-shaped
erythrocytes?
A. Enlargement of the spleen C. Abdominal pains
B. Kidney failure D. Heart damage

3 Turn Over
20. Which one of the following is true about the macronucleus of the paramecium?
A. It is a polyploidy C. It forms new micronuclei
B. It controls reproduction D. It is red-shaped
21. The arrangement of a protein where the individual amino acid is in a sequence of line is called
A. Quatenary structure C. Primary structure
B. Tertiary structure D. Secondary structure
22. Which one of the following organisms has the highest amount of enegy per unit body mass?
A. Lion B. Squirrel D. Lynx D. Puma
23. The ability of man to test phenylthiocarbamate is an example of discontinuous variation. What is
the genotype frequency of homozygous individual, when the percentage frequency of tasters is
71.2%.
A. 28.8% B. 21.4% C. 49.7% D. 53.7%
24. A plant cell with a solute potential of 1000KPa and pressure potential of +500KPa was inserted
into a solution with water potential of 300KPa. Which one of the following is the water
potential gradient between the cell and an external solution?
A. +100KPa B. 200KPa C. +300KPa D. 500KPa
25. Which of the following primates has the least phylogenetic relationship with man?
Baboon B. Chimpanzee C. Gibbon D. Gorilla
26. In humans, albinism is recessive to normal skin pigmentation. If an albino female marries a
heterozygous normal male, what percentage of their offsprings would most probably be normal?
A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 100
27. Which one of the following doesnot occur during contraction of alary muscles in insects?
A. Downward movement of the pericardial membrane
B. Stretching of the suspensory ligaments
C. Outward expansion of the heart walls
D. Decrease in preassure of the perivisceral cavity
28. The notochord of the following organisms can be modified, except
A. Amphioxus B. Acone worm C. sea squirt D. Ray fish
29. Which one of the following is not true about a compound X with molecular formular of
C5H10O4?
A. It is a reducing agent
B. It forms a nucleoside together with a nitrogenous base
C. It is a component of mRNA
D. It can form crystals
30. Digestion of food in the hydra begins from:
A. MUsculo-epithelial cells C. Mesogloea
B. Glandular cells D. Enteron

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31. Which one of the following is the effect of histamine during allergic reactions in the human
body? It,
A. Stimulates gastric secretion
B. Causes contraction of smooth muscles
C. Causes vasoconstriction of small blood vessels
D. Increase the permeability of the walls of small blood vessels.
32. Which one of the following is NOT a function of haustorium of the parasitic fungus
Phytophthora infestans?
A. It secretes digestive enzymes C. It provides anchorage to the host
B. It acts as a penetrative device D. It absorbs soluble food materials

33. How many water molecules are produced when 30 molecules of glycerol are to synthesis
triglycerides?
A. 15 B. 30 C. 60 D. 90
34. Which one of the following best explains why the population of lions a natural ecosystem is
generally low?
A. Most lions lack enough food C. Lions obtain little energy
B. Lions reproductive rate is low D. Lion’s life span is naturally low.
35. Which one of the following stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions?
Enterocrinin B. Secretin C. Cholecystokinin D. Enterogastrone
36. Which one of the following types of selection reduces the extremes and conforms to the mean?
A. Directional selection C. Sexual selection
B. Stabilising selection D. Disruptive selection
37. Which one of the insectivorous plants have elaborate sacs for trapping insects?
A. Butterwort B. Sundew C. Bladderwort D. venus fly trap
38. Which one of the following is not a component of the cell sap?
A. Calcium oxalate crystals C. Anthocyanins
B. Mineral salts D. Carbondioxide
39. Which one of the following is not true about a rare species?
A. Its members are nearly becoming extinct
B. Its members are geography restricted
C. It has a small population
D. Its members are widely scattered
40. Which one of the following is an example of discontinuous variation
A. Milk yield
B. Seed number
C. Blood groups
D. Stem length

5 Turn Over
SECTION B (40 MARKS)
41. (a) Define the term solute potential (01mark)
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(b) Explain the effect of lowering the solute potential towards the following:

(i) Water potential (03marks)


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(ii) Pressure potential (03marks)

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(iii) Mechanical support in herbaceous plants (03marks)

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42. The table below shows the variation of frequency (%) of the two species of moths A and B, in a
sampled area, with changes in the concentration of industrial effluents discharge in the area;
mainly sulphurdioxide and soot. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.
Frequency of species A (%) 0 0 2 20 220 443
Frequency of species B (%) 450 448 390 120 40 20
Concentration of industrial 0 0 10 30 90 120
effluents with time (ppm)

(a) Define the term industrial melanism (01mark)


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(b) Comment on the relationship between the concentration of the industrial effluents and the
two species A and B (03marks)
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(c) Briefly explain the variation of frequency of the two species with the industrial effluent.
(05marks)
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(d) Suggest how species A could have come into existence in the sampled area (01mark)
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43. (a) Define the following terms
(i) Sympatric speciation (01mark)
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(ii) Reproductive isolation (01mark)
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(b) When radish was crossed with cabbage , they produced infertile
Offsprings. Account for such an observation. (02marks)
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7 Turn Over
(c) Explain the possibility of new species formation from the above couple of radish and
cabbage. (03marks)
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(d) What is meant by hybrid sterility and inviability? (03marks)
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44. (a) What is meant by Kranz anatomy? (01mark)
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(b) Briefly explain the photosynthetic dark reactions which occur inside the cytoplasm of the
mesophyll cells in C4 plants. (04marks)
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(c) Outline any three differences between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells (03marks)
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(d) Mention any two advantages of C4 plants over C3 plants
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45. (a) What are sex limited characters (02marks)
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(b) Explain why sex linked characteristics are common in males than females (03marks)
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(c) Although the frequency of the gene for abnormal haemoglobins in human is low, that
gene cannot completely disappear from the population, explain that observation
(03marks)
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(d) What is meant by a pure line? (02marks)
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9 Turn Over
46. The graph below shows the effects of sewage discharge towards the biotic and abiotic
environment of the river

Sewage
Outfall
Increasing concentration

( )

( )

Distance down stream


Increasing concentration

Distance down stream

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(a) What is meant by sewage? (01mark)
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(b) Explain the changes in the level of nitrate from the point of sewage discharge, down
stream (03marks)
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(c) Explain the Gammarus species as an indicator, as shown by the graph (03marks)
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(d) Explain the changes in population of tubifex worms after sewage discharge into the river.
(03marks)
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11 END
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SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Write the letter corresponding to the most correct answer in the box provided on the right.

1. Which of the following structures is present in both eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
A. Mitochondria.
B. Ribosomes.
C. Pili.
D. Centrioles.

2. An unbranched polysaccharide is made up of glucose monomers joined together by 


(beta 1 – 4) linkages. This polysaccharide could be;
A. amylopectin.
B. cellulose.
C. amylose.
D. glycogen.

3. Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?


A. It results in a higher concentration of sodium ions inside the cell
B. The transport protein has an affinity for sodium ions in the cytoplasm
C. The transport protein has an affinity for sodium ions in the
extracellular fluid.
D. It results in a higher concentration of potassium ions outside the cell.

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect about fungi?


A. they are all eukaryotic.
B. some are photosynthetic.
C. they all have rigid cell walls.
D. most are filamentous.

5. Ferns undergo alternation of generations in which a;


A. dominant sporophyte alternates with an independent gametophyte.
B. dominant gametophyte alternates with a dependent sporophyte.
C. sporophyte and a gametophyte have equal life spans.
D. gametophyte produces gamete by meiosis.

6. Increase in the dark form of the peppered moth was as a result of the;
A. dark moths migrating to areas which offered the best camouflage.
B. change in selection pressure.
C. change in the prey species taken by birds.
D. increase in the mutation rate.
7. Figure1 below shows an outline of the carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis
substance X is;
Fig. 1 GP hydrogen
Carbon
dioxide
RuBP Substance X

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 2


A. ATP.
B. Glucose.
C. Oxygen.
D. Water.

8. Figure 2 below shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis in a green plant.

Fig. 2
X Y
Rate of photosynthesis

Light intensity

Which of the following factors limit the rate of photosynthesis between points X and
Y?
A. Light intensity and oxygen concentration.
B. Temperature and oxygen concentration.
C. Temperature and carbon dioxide concentration.
D. Carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity.

9. Which of the following would not be formed during anaerobic breakdown of glucose
by yeast?
A. water.
B. ATP.
C. carbondioxide.
D. ethanol.

10. A plant becomes etiolated when it


A. is grown in soil with low nitrogen levels.
B. is grown in the dark.
C. is treated with gibberellic acid.
D. has its apical bud removed.

11. A species that plays a role vital for the survival of other species in an ecosystem is
called
A. a keystone species.
B. a native species.
C. an invasive species.
D. a dominant species.

Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 3
12. Figure 3 below shows three adjacent cells and their water potentials ().

Cell A Cell C
Fig. 3  = -6kPa  = -10kPa

Cell B
 = -12kPa

Which of the following is the correct sequence of water movement between all
the cells?
A. A C B
B. C B A
C. A B C
D. B A C

13. Lack of relaxation between successive stimuli in a muscle is referred to as


A. tonus.
B. spasm.
C. fatigue.
D. tetanus.

14. Which of the following features is NOT present in the phylum arthropoda?
A. Jointed appendages.
B. Chitinous exoskeleton.
C. Parapodia.
D. Metameric segmentation.

15. Reduction in pH of blood will lead to;


A. the release of bicarbonate ions by the liver.
B. reduction in the rate of heart beat.
C. reduced blood supply to the brain.
D. a decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.

16. A triglyceride is composed of;


A. three glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
B. three glycerol and one fatty acid molecule.
C. one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
D. one glycerol and one fatty acid molecule.

17. In mammals, which of the following blood vessels would normally carry the largest
amount of urea?
A. Hepatic portal vein.
B. Renal vein.
C. Dorsal aorta.
D. Hepatic vein.

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 4


18. Analogous structures are a result of
A. stabilizing selection.
B. divergent evolution.
C. convergent evolution.
D. shared ancestry.

19. Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that


A. larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition.
B. more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species
through competition.
C. competition for the same resources excludes species having
different food preferences.
D. no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely for the
same limiting resources.

20. The type of gaseous exchange structures in organisms would greatly be influenced by;
A. metabolic rate and respiratory medium.
B. habitat and metabolic rate.
C. body size and metabolic rate.
D. habitat and size of cuticle.

21. Ascent of water in a tall plant as a result of the transpiration stream is due to;
A. root pressure.
B. adhesion.
C. cohesion.
D. capillarity.

22. In which of the following parts of the mammalian testis is the Interstitial Cell
Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) produced?
A. leyding cells.
B. primordial germ cells.
C. sertoli cells.
D. seminiferous tubules.

23. Which of the following parts of the mammalian ear are absent in the ear of an
amphibian?
A. Ear drum and pinna.
B. Pinna and auditory canal.
C. Eustachian tube and pinna.
D. Auditory canal and Eustachian tube.

24. The secretions of the hypothalamus are transported to the posterior lobe of
the pituitary gland through
A. portal blood vessels.
B. pituitary stalk.
C. capillary network.
D. nerve fibres.

Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 5
25. Table 1 below shows the results obtained from the process of estimating the population
size of certain plant species in Ziika whose total land area is 10,000m2 using aquadrat
of 1m2. From the results the population size of the plant species is;
Table 1
Throws made 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of plants in each throw 53 74 40 63 56 53 70 72 57 53
A. 600,000 plants.
B. 60,000 plants.
C. 6000 plants.
D. 60 plants.

26. The type of learnt behavior that results due to continuous repetition of a stimulus that is
not associated with a punishment or reward is
A. associative learning.
B. latent learning.
C. insight learning.
D. habituation.

27. Which of the following is NOT used to classify organisms in kingdom protoctista?
A. The type of pigment present.
B. The type of locomotory structure if present.
C. Mode of nutrition.
D. Type of cell wall.

28. Ripening of fruits in plants is caused by


A. Auxins.
B. Gibberellins.
C. Ethene.
D. Cytokinins.

29. During locomotion in an earthworm, when the circular muscles contract the;
A. longitudinal muscles contract.
B. longitudinal muscles become stretched.
C. chaetae are extended.
D. pressure of coelomic fluid reduces.

30. Which of the following hormones stimulates the liver to synthesize bile rich in
hydrogen carbonate?
A. Gastrin.
B. Cholecystokinin.
C. Secretin.
D. Insulin.

31. The proportion of a recessive allele in a gene pool is 0.1, what is the proportion of the
population with the dorminant allele?
A. 0.36
B. 0.9
C. 0.18
D. 0.99

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 6


32. When small seeds are sown too deep in the soil, their seedlings may fail to emerge
because they.
A. are suppressed by soil during upward growth.
B. do not get enough water.
C. exhaust their food reserves before emerging.
D. do not get enough air.
33. Which one of the following is NOT a trend in seral succession?
A. Increase in the proportion of woody parts of plants.
B. Increase in the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis.
C. Increase in the proportion of leaves to bark and wood.
D. Decrease in the proportion of herbaceous plants compared to other plants.
34. Sexual reproduction is important for evolution because
A. it introduces new genotypes in a population.
B. it brings about population explosion.
C. more offsprings are produced that survive to adult hood.
D. more offsprings are produced to replace the old ones.

35. Digestion of fats is NOT possible in the human stomach because


A. lipases become active within a narrow range of pH.
B. pH of the stomach is too low for lipases to act on fats.
C. bile salts that emulsify fats are absent in the stomach.
D. fat digestion is only possible in the duodenum.
36. Figure 4 below shows the behavior of chromosomes during melosis

Fig. 4

The region marked X represents


A. Chiasmata.
B. Non sister chromatids.
C. Homologous chromosomes.
D. Sister chromatids.

37. During the process of photosynthesis in the Z – scheme, the reaction centre of
chlorophyll P680 is reduced with electrons that originate from
A. Water.
B. NADPH.
C. P700.
D. Ferredoxin.
38. Which one of the following situations is likely to have no immediate effect on body
temperature?
A. Increase in environmental temperature.
B. acclimatization.
C. Release of thyroxine.
D. Perspiration.
Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 7
39. If genes C and D are on the same pair of homologous chromosomes and exhibit
recombination, the number of phenotypic types from a cross of two individuals
heterozygous for both genes will be;
A. one.
B. two.
C. three.
D. four.

40. Which one of the following will be virtually absent in a highly industrialised area?
A. Lichens.
B. Bryophytes.
C. Algae.
D. Ferns.

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

41. Figure 5 below shows the rate of glucose reabsorption and excretion from a mammalian
kidney in relation to the glucose concentration in the plasma.

Fig. 5

800
Glucose excreted
Rate of glucose absorbed or
excreted in (mgmn-1)

600

400 * * * * Glucose reabsorbed


*
200 *
*
*
0
0 200 400 600 800
Plasma glucose concentration in mg100cm-3

a) From the graph, compare the rate of glucose reabsorbed with that excreted.
(04 marks)
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© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 8


b) Explain the shape of the curve for glucose reabsorption when the plasma glucose
concentration is
i) between 0 to 200mg100cm-3 (02 marks)
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ii) over 400mg100cm-3 (01 mark)
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c) In which part of the nephron is glucose reabsorbed? (01 mark)
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d) Explain why glucose may appear in urine of an individual. (02 marks)
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42. a) Define the term absorption spectrum. (01 mark)
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b) State two;
i) evidences that show that photosynthesis is a two stage process.(02 marks)
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ii) roles of the light dependent stage during carbon dioxide fixation.
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Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 9
c) Describe the Hatch-slack pathway. (05 marks)
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43. Figure 6 below shows the relationship between the levels of prothoracicotrophic
hormone (PTTH) or brain hormone in the brain and in the blood of a silkworm first at
30C and later transferred to a temperature of 250C with time of its development from
pupa to adult. Study the figure carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow.

Pupa Adult
26
Fig. 6 24 Key
Temperature Brain
22 * * **
x x x Blood
20
Level of PTTH/Brain hormone

18 * * Temperature
16 *
Temperature in 0C

14 * *
x

12 Brain
x
10 *
8
x
6
*
4 blood
x
2
x x x x x x
0
0 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8
Time in weeks
a) Compare the levels of PTTH or brain hormone in the brain and blood of
silkworm during the study period. (04 marks)
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© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 10
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b) Account for the relationship between the levels of PTTH in the brain and blood
of the silkworm during its development from pupa to adult. (05 marks)
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c) State any one significance of growth and development in organisms. (01 mark)
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44. a) What is meant by the following ecological terms.
i) Biomass (02 marks)
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ii) Productivity (02 marks)
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Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 11
b) State two advantages of using energy to determine the number of organisms at
different trophic levels in an ecosystem. (02 marks)
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c) Explain the advantages a primary consumer has over a higher consumer
(02 marks)
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d) In an ecological study to determine the population of fish in a pond, 200 fish
were captured, marked and released back into the pond. After three weeks, a
second capture of 250 fish was made of which 100 fish were marked.
Calculate the population of fish in the pond. (02 marks)
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45. Figure 7 below shows the effect of concentration difference on the rate of transport of
ions on either side of the cell membrane for three different types of transport. Study the
figure carefully and answer the questions that follow;

Fig. 7 Active transport


Diffusion
Rate of transport

Facilitated diffusion

Concentration difference
No Concentration
difference
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 12
a) Explain the rate of transport of ions with changes in concentration difference for
facilitated diffusion. (03 marks)
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b) Explain the difference in the rate of transport of ions for active transport,
diffusion and facilitated diffusion at no concentration difference. (04 marks)
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c) Suggest what will happen to the rate of transport for active transport if a
respiratory poison like potassium cyanide was added? Give a reason for your
answer. (02 marks)
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d) State two other factors that would affect the rate of transport of substances
across cell membranes other than those mentioned above. (02 marks)
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Turn Over
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 13
46. a) Distinguish between phenotype and genotype. (02 marks)
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b) In guinea pigs, there are two alleles for hair colour, black and white and also two
alleles for hair length, short and long. In a breeding experience all the F1
phenotypes produced from a cross between pure breeding, short black-haired
and pure breeding long white-haired parents had short black hair.
i) With a reason, state which alleles are dominant? (02 marks)
Allele/s;
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Reason;
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ii) Using suitable genetic symbols, determine the expected proportions of F2
phenotypes. (06 marks)
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END
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 14
P530/1
Biology
Paper 1
Jan/Feb, 2021
2 ½ hours

UGANDA MUSLIM TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATION


UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS – 2021
NAME…………………………………………………………………………..
INDEX NO…………………………..............SIGNATURE……………....
UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION
Biology Paper one
2 Hours 30 Minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
The paper consists of two sections A and B.
Answer all questions in both sections
SECTION A: consists of 40 questions. Write answers to this section in the boxes provided.
SECTION B: consists of 6 questions. Write answers to this section in the spaces provided
No additional sheets of paper should be inserted in this booklet

For Examiner’s use only


SECTION A MARKS
1-40

41

42

43

44

45

46

TOTAL

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 1 of 18


SECTION A (40 MARKS)
1. Which one of the following organisms illustrates that not all active animals
require that the circulatory system transport gases?
A. mammals
B. insects
C. fish
D. birds

2. Which one of the features below is common to both the digestive and
respiratory tracts in humans?
A. gullet
B. external nares
C. epiglottis
D. diaphragm

3. Figure 1 shows haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curves of an animal at


different temperatures.

Which of the curves represents the oxygen dissociation curve at the least
temperature?
A. Q
B. P
C. R
D. S

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 2 of 18


4. One advantage of excretion of urea over uric acid excretion is that, urea……..
A. requires less energy to form
B. can be concentrated to a greater extent
C. is not a toxic substance.
D. requires less water to excrete

5. Which of the following mechanisms is employed by fresh water Osteichthyes


in maintaining water balance? By……….
A. excreting salt across their gills
B. periodically drinking small amounts of water
C. excreting hypotonic urine
D. excreting wastes in the form of uric acid

6. Excretion of a hypotonic urine in humans is mainly associated with the


A. Bowman’s capsule
B. the proximal convoluted tubule
C. the loop of Henle
D. the distal convoluted tubule

7. Which of the following will result in air entering into the human lungs?
A. Atmospheric pressure is less than pressure inside the lungs
B. Atmospheric pressure is greater than pressure inside the lungs
C. Although the pressure is the same inside and outside the lungs the partial
pressure of oxygen is lower within the lungs
D. The residual air in the lungs causes the partial pressure of oxygen to be
less than outside

8. In humans the following apply to the respiratory centre except that, it


A. is stimulated by carbon dioxide
B. is located in the medulla oblongata
C. controls the rate of breathing
D. controls the rate of respiration
9. Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in form of
A. carboxy haemoglobin
B. bicarbonate
C. carbamino haemoglobin
D. combined with carbonic anhydrase

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 3 of 18


10. Which of the animals below breathes by positive pressure mechanism?
A. Fish
B. Humans
C. Birds
D. Frogs

11. Which of these is a true statement as regards to carbon dioxide transport by


blood?
A. In lung capillaries carbon dioxide combines with water to give carbonic
acid
B. In tissue capillaries carbonic acid breaks down to carbon dioxide and
water
C. In lung capillaries carbonic acid breaks down to carbon dioxide and
water
D. In tissue capillaries carbonic acid combines with hydrogen ions to form
the carbonate ions

12. During blood typing agglutination indicates that the


A. plasma contains certain antibodies
B. red blood cells carry certain antigens
C. plasma contains certain antigens
D. red blood cells contain certain antibodies

13. The cross carried out to find the genotype of an organism is known as
A. Back cross
B. Breeding true
C. Test cross
D. Reciprocal cross

14. The counter current flow in bony fish achieves a high level of gas exchange
because it……

A. Increases the concentration gradient.


B. Decreases the distance across which gases diffuse.
C. It increases the speed at which water flows over the gills.
D. Maintains a high concentration gradient.

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 4 of 18


15. Which of these does not pertain to B cells?
A. Have passed through the thymus
B. Specific receptors
C. Antibody mediated immunity
D. Synthesize and liberate antibodies

16. Which of the following correctly defines plasma cells?


A. They are the same as memory cells
B. They are formed from plasma cells
C. Are B cells that actively secrete antibodies
D. Are inactive T cells carried in the plasma

17. Which of the following couples is likely to give birth to a baby suffering from
foetal erythroblastosis?
A. Rh+ mother and Rh_ father
B. Rh_ mother and Rh_ father
C. Rh+ mother and Rh+ father
D. Rh_ mother and Rh+ father

18. Which one of the following comes before the others during the process
allopatric speciation?
A. Geographical isolation
B. Pre mating isolating mechanism
C. Post mating isolating mechanism
D. Character displacement

19. During the evolution of the horse, limb length gradually increased. This is an
example of
A. disruptive selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. directional selection
D. transient polymorphism

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 5 of 18


20. What is the role of the hormone cholecystokinin in digestion? It……..
A. Inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach wall.
B. Stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.
C. Stimulates the liver to release bile juice.
D. Induces the pancreas to release hydrogen carbonates ions

21. If A represents assimilation, R respiration and P net production, then the net
production of photosynthesis can be arithmetically expressed as;
A. A = R + P.
B. A + P = R.
C. A + R = P.
D. A – R = P.

22. Which of the plants below is the last type to appear in the ecological succession
of a forest?
A. mosses
B. trees
C. grasses
D. shrubs

23. Which of the following is not true about parenchyma cells?


A. They are lignified.
B. Are linked to one another by means of plasmodesmata through pits in
walls.
C. Some of them are photosynthetic.
D. They act as storage sites.

24. Which of the following processes does not require energy?


A. Absorption of glucose from the gut,
B. Reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate.
C. Absorption of mineral salts by plant roots.
D. Absorption of water by plant roots.

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 6 of 18


25. Which of the following is a characteristic of a rapidly growing population?
A. There are equal proportions of all age groups.
B. There is more of the reproductive age group.
C. There is more of the pre-reproductive age group.
D. Birth rate balances mortality rate.
26. Allergy causing antigens cause activated mast cells to release which of the
following substances
A. insulin
B. antihistamines
C. antibiotics
D. histamines

27. A type of self-regulation such as the relationship between the pituitary gland,
thyroid stimulating hormone, the thyroid gland and thyroxin is known as
A. cyclosis
B. negative feed back
C. synopsis
D. voluntary control

28. Given that 4% of the members of a population of pea plants are short (a
recessive character), what is the frequency of both the recessive allele and
dominant allele respectively?
A. 0.2 and 0.8
B. 0.8 and 0.2
C. 0.04 and 0.64
D. 0.04 and 0.32

29. Which of the following body structures originates from the mesoderm in the
embryo?
A. Liver
B. Muscles
C. Nerves
D. Epidermis

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 7 of 18


30. During inhalation, the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
causes the thoracic cavity’s volume to
A. decrease and pressure to increase
B. increase and pressure to decrease
C. increase and pressure to increase
D. decrease and pressure to decrease

31. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an
axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse?
A. Na+ outside and K+ inside
B. K+ outside and Na+ inside
C. Charged protein outside, Na + and K+ inside
D. Na+ and K+ outside and water only inside

32. Hormonelike substances that are secreted by all types of cells and are involved
in the sensation of pain are called
A. prostaglandins
B. adrenalins
C. thyroxin
D. insulin

33. Which of the following pairs of structures below represent analogous


structures?
A. whale’s flippers and bat’s wings
B. bird’s wings and a butterfly’s wings
C. hawk’s wings and robin’s wing’s
D. dog’s legs and a horse’s leg

34. Sexual reproduction can speed up evolution because it provides more


A. chromosomes
B. genetic variation
C. identical cells
D. organelles

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 8 of 18


35. Organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen to live are called
A. obligate anaerobes
B. facultative anaerobes
C. chemotropic autotrophs
D. obligate aerobes
36. Which of the following is needed for new species to form?
A. A niche
B. Homologous structures
C. Analogous structures
D. Reproductive isolation

37. Scientists are able to change the gene pool of a population by carrying out
A. adaptive radiation
B. natural selection
C. artificial selection
D. convergent evolution

38. Which of these terms has the same meaning as natural selection?
A. adaptive radiation
B. convergent evolution
C. survival of the fittest
D. divergent evolution

39. In humans the placenta develops from the chorion. This indicates that human
development
A. resembles that of the chick
B. is dependent upon extra embryonic membranes
C. cannot be compared to lower animals
D. only begins upon implantation

40. Which of the following best describes the term imprinting?


A. Learning that occurs during a critical period in young animals
B. Learning that requires a sign stimulus to trigger its start
C. Innate behaviour that requires practice to perfect
D. Innate behaviour that does not require practice to perfect

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 9 of 18


SECTION B (60 MARKS)

41. (a) (i) Define the term attenuated microorganism? (01 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

ii) Vaccines protect against disease by stimulating the production of


memory cells. Describe how memory cells are produced and protect the
body from disease. (05 marks)
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(b) The table shows statements, which may be related to active immunity or
passive immunity. Complete the table by placing a tick in the box if the
statement is true or a cross in the box if the statement is false. (04 marks)

Statement Active Passive


immunity immunity

Antibodies produced if the body is re-


infected
by the same pathogen.

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 10 of 18


Antibodies developed in horse injected into
human.

Antibodies received in breast milk.

Attenuated microorganisms used in the


vaccine.

42. Figure 2 shows the metabolic rate of a resting dog at different environmental
temperatures

(a) Describe the effect of increasing environmental temperature on metabolic


rate (04 marks)
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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 11 of 18


(b) Explain the change in metabolic rate between
(i) 200C and 300C (02 marks)

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(ii) above 300C (02 marks)

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(c) Explain how the Carmel a desert mammal is specialized to meet the problems of
overheating and water stress in its habitat (02 marks)

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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 12 of 18


43. Figure 3 shows the comparative photosynthetic response of C3 and C4 plants to
increasing light intensity and temperature

(a) Compare the combined effect of light intensity and temperature on the
photosynthetic rate (03 marks)
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(b) State the advantage of


(i) C4 photosynthesis over C3 photosynthesis (03 marks)
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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 13 of 18


(ii) C3 photosynthesis over C4 photosynthesis (02 marks)
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(c) State the likely location of (02 marks)

(i) C3 plants
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(ii) C4 plants
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44. (a) Distinguish between sex linked and sex limited characters (02marks)
……..………………………………………………………………………
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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 14 of 18


(b) Work out a cross between round yellow and wrinkled green peas that gave
rise to only round yellow and wrinkled yellow off spring if Round and
yellow where dominant phenotypes (08 marks)
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45. (a) Explain what is meant by greenhouse effect (03 marks)


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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 15 of 18


(b) State the harmful consequences of the following
(i) Ozone layer depletion (03 marks)
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(ii) Discharge of smoke in air from industries (03 marks)


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(a) Suggest one way how ozone layer depletion has been minimized (01 mark)
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© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 16 of 18


46. (a) What is meant by polymorphism ( 01 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Biston betularia the peppered moth is light coloured and mottled. In 1848 a
dark (melanic) mutant form was captured in Manchester. By 1895 98% of
these moths in Manchester were melanic forms. The dark two forms are
morphs, the normal form being Biston betularia typica and the dark form
Biston betularia carbonifera

Table 1 observed frequency of the two morphs of Biston betularia

Habitat Typica Carbonifera


Rural woodland 94.6% 9.4%
Industrial woodland 10.1% 89.9%

Table 2 observed frequency of predation of Biston betularia by woodland birds

Habitat Typica carbonifera


Rural woodland 13.6% 86.3%
Industrial woodland 74.2% 25.8%

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 17 of 18


(i) Comment on the distribution of the two forms of moth as shown in Table
1 (03 marks)
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(ii) How does the data in Table 2 support the idea of natural selection?
(04 marks)
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(iii) Given that the data shown in Table 2 was collected in the 1950s, would
you predict similar figures if the investigation was to be repeated this
year (02 marks)
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END

© UMTA RESOURCE PAPERS 2021 Page 18 of 18

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