Title:-"TCP/IP Model"

1.0 Rationale:-

The TCP/IP model is a four-layer model that divides network communications into four
distinct categories or layers. The model is often referred to as the TCP/IP stack. The four important
layers are the application layer, the transport layer, the network layer, and the link layer.

2.0 Aim:-
To get information about TCP/IP Models

Benefits:-
 Transfer files between systems.
 Log in to remote systems.

3.0 Course outcomes addressed:

a) Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network

b) Configure different TCP/IP Services

Sr.No. TitleofBook/ Author

1. The fundamental S. Hacke

2. Website https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generations-of-
wireless-communication/

1
5.0ActualMethodologyFollowed:-

1. Wediscussedaboutthetopicoftheproject.
2. We assigned the responsibilities of the project to everyone.
3. We prepared an action plan.
4. We completed the task assigned according to the action plan.
5. We prepared the softcopy of the micro project.
6. We checked the softcopy from the project guide.
7. We did corrections.
8. We made necessary changes.
9. We prepared the hard copy of the micro project.
10. We submitted it to the respected subject teacher.

6.0Actual resources used:-

Sr. No. Name of resource Specification

1. Software Microsoftofficeword2019,

2. Computer system Dell Vostro PC, Windows 7

2
7.0Implementation/ Outputs of Micro-Project:-

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication
protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a communications protocol
in a private computer network.
TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications
that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.
TCP/IP requires little central management and is designed to make networks reliable with the ability to recover
automatically from the failure of any device on the network. TCP/IP is a layerd Approach:

 Application layer :
This is the topmost layer which indicates the applications and programs that utilize the TCP/IP model for
communicating with the user through applications and various tasks performed by the layer, including data
representation for the applications executed by the user and forwards it to the transport layer.

The application layer maintains a smooth connection between the application and user for data exchange and offers
various features as remote handling of the system, e-mail services, etc.

Some of the protocols used in this layer are:

HTTP: Hypertext transfer protocol is used for accessing the information available on the internet.

SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol, assigned the task of handling e-mail-related steps and issues.

FTP: This is the standard protocol that oversees the transfer of files over the network channel.

3
  Transport Layer :

This layer is responsible for establishing the connection between the sender and the receiver device and
also performs the task of dividing the data from the application layer into packets, which are then used to create sequences.

It also performs the task of maintaining the data, i.e., to be transmitted without error, and controls the data flow rate over the
communication channel for smooth transmission of data.

The protocols used in this layer are:

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for the proper transmission of segments over the communication
channel. It also establishes a network connection between the source and destination system.

UDP: User Datagram Protocol is responsible for identifying errors, and other tasks during the transmission of information.
UDP maintains various fields for data transmission such as:

Source Port Address: This port is responsible for designing the application that makes up the message to be transmitted.

Destination Port Address: This port receives the message sent from the sender side.

Total Length: The total number of bytes of the user datagram.

Checksum: Used for error detection of the message at the destination side.

 Internet Layer :

The Internet layer performs the task of controlling the transmission of the data over the network modes and enacts
protocols related to the various steps related to the transmission of data over the channel, which is in the form of packets
sent by the previous layer.

This layer performs many important functions in the TCP/IP model, some of which are:

It is responsible for specifying the path that the data packets will use for transmission.

layer is responsible for providing IP addresses to the system for the identification matters over the network channel.

Some of the protocols applied in this layer are:

IP: This protocol assigns your device with a unique address; the IP address is also responsible for routing the data over
the communication channel.

ARP: This protocol refers to the Address Resolution Protocol that is responsible for finding the physical address using the
IP address.

4
  Network Access Layer :
This layer is the combination of data-link and physical layer, where it is responsible for maintaining the task of sending
and receiving data in raw bits, i.e., in binary format over the physical communication modes in the network channel.

It uses the physical address of the system for mapping the path of transmission over the network channel.

Till this point in this tutorial on what is TCP/IP model, you understood the basic idea behind the model and details about
its layers, now compare the model with another network model

8.0SkillDeveloped:-

a) Able to Understand the TCP/IP Model

b) Knowing more about Layers of TCP IP Models

9.0ApplicationofthisMicro-Project:-

1.Understood how the TCP IP model works

Subject teacher

Mrs.S.P. Gaikwad