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Ch1 Introduction

The document discusses digital image processing including its history, acquisition methods using different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, applications, and categories of processing techniques. Image processing involves enhancing, analyzing, compressing, and generating digital images using computers.

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abdoag1691998
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6 views14 pages

Ch1 Introduction

The document discusses digital image processing including its history, acquisition methods using different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, applications, and categories of processing techniques. Image processing involves enhancing, analyzing, compressing, and generating digital images using computers.

Uploaded by

abdoag1691998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Introduction

Tour Guide

Image Image
Acquisition Generation
Image
Compression

Image Image
Manipulation Analysis

Image Image
Display Perception
2

1
A Historical Overview of DIP

Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture


transmission system to send pictures by submarine
cable between London and New York in 1920s
3

Early Improvement

The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system


was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s
4

2
Digital Image Processing
 What do we mean by Digital Image
Processing
 Processing digital images by a digital
computer
 DIP has been dependent on the
development of digital computers and
other supporting technologies (e.g., data
storage, display and transmission)

Digital Images
in the Last 20 Years
 Acquisition
 Digital cameras, scanners
 MRI and Ultrasound imaging
 Infrared and microwave imaging
 Transmission
 Internet, wireless communication
 Display
 Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV
6

3
A Physical Perspective of
Image Acquisition
 Extend the capabilities of human vision
systems
 From visible spectrum to non-visible
electromagnetic power spectrum
 From close-distance sensing to remote
sensing

Visible (I): Photography

4
Visible (II): Motion Pictures

Visible (III): Law


Enhancement and Biometrics

10

5
Visible (IV): Light
Microscopy

Taxol (250) Cholesterol (40) Microprocessor (60)


11

Visible (V): Remote Sensing

Hurricane Andrew America at night


taken by NOAA GEOS (Nov. 27, 2000)

12

6
Beyond Visible (I): Thermal
Images
Operate in infrared frequency

Human body disperses Different colors indicate


heat (red pixels) varying temperatures

13

Beyond Visible (II): Radar


Images
Operate in microwave frequency

Moutains in Southeast Tibet 14

7
Beyond Visible (III): MRI
and Astronomy Operate in radio frequency

knee spine head

visible infrared radio 15

Beyond Visible (IV):


Fluorescence Microscopy
Operate in ultraviolet frequency

normal corn smut corn 16

8
Beyond Visible (V): Medical
Diagnostics
Operate in X-ray frequency

chest head

17

Beyond Visible (VI): PET and


Astronomy
Operate in gamma-ray frequency

Cygnus Loop in the


constellation of Cygnus
Positron Emission Tomography 18

9
Other Non-Electro-Magnetic
Imaging Modalities
 Acoustic imaging
 Translate “sound waves” into image signals
 Electron microscopy
 Shine a beam of electrons through a
speciman
 Fluorescent Microarray Imaging
 investigate global changes in gene expression
of cells and tissues
 Synthetic images in Computer Graphics
 Computer generated 19

Summary: Why do we need


images?
 Various imaging modalities help us to see
invisible objects due to
 Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body)
 Far distance (e.g., remote sensing)
 Small size (e.g., light microscopy)
 Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be
translated into images to facilitate the
analysis
 Images are important to convey
information and support reasoning 20

10
Applications
 Personal and professional photography
and videography.
 Remote sensing, e.g., satellites and
military systems.
 Health care, e.g., x-ray, MRI, etc.
 Industrial inspection.
 Navigation.
 Security.
21

Applications
 Statistical measurements about image(s).
 Image enhancement, i.e., improve appearance.
 Geometric transformations, translation, scale, and
rotation.
 Special effects, e.g., combining images.
 Imaging system calibration, i.e., measuring
performance.
 Restoration, i.e., recover a more accurate image.
 Motion or change detection.
 Image compression.
 Image segmentation.
22

11
Categories
 Image Enhancement and Restoration
 Measurement Extraction
 Image Compression

23

Image Enhancement

Application of the median filter


24

12
Image Enhancement

Adjusting the image histogram to improve image contrast


25

Image Measurement
Extraction

26

13
Image Measurement
Extraction

Histogram showing the Area Distribution of the Objects


27

14

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