AMERICAN OUTRAGE

A TESTAMENTARY
AMERICAN OUTRAGE
A TESTAMENTARY

H. L. HIX

BLAZEVOX[BOOKS]
Buffalo, New York
American Outrage
by H. L. Hix
Copyright © 2024

Published by BlazeVOX [books]

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without

the publisher’s written permission, except for brief quotations in reviews.

Printed in the United States of America

Interior design and typesetting by Geoffrey Gatza

Cover Art: “Double Pistol” by Sarah Kabot, Carbon Paper double transfer process on kozo, reproduced
here by kind permission of the artist.

First Edition
ISBN: 978-1-60964-472-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2024932233

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BlazeVOX
 Contents

American Outrage ......................................................................................................................... 11

Parerga ...........................................................................................................................................115
 American Outrage

I didn’t write every single name down; I wrote perhaps 1,000.

This tragic list could go on.

Jessica Rekos liked books about whales, horses, and fairies.

Ethel Lee Lance liked to make bacon and grits

for her grandkids for breakfast.

Ryan Clark played baritone in the marching band.

Friends called him “Stack.”

Satwant Singh Kaleka worked at someone else’s gas station

until he’d saved enough money to buy his own.

Sonam Choedon, born in India to Tibetan parents in exile,

was studying nursing.

Carole Robertson took Saturday dance lessons,

played clarinet, and was in the science club.

Angel Candelario-Padro worked as an opthalmic technician

and as a Zumba instructor.

Garrett Swasey, a police officer,

had been a competitive ice dancer.

Stephanie Works, who liked fly fishing,

had been born with six toes on each foot, like her father.

William Kinney was an avid baseball player.

5,586: between 1969 and 2009, the total number of people killed in terrorist attacks
against the U.S. or its interests, including the attacks of September 11, 2001. More than
30,000: between 1986 and 2010, the number of people killed by guns in the U.S. every
single year.

Violence results from violence. □ Violence results in violence. □ Commitment of

violence is commitment to violence.

13
 Stephon Clark had played on his school football team.

Karla Holcombe and Bryan Holcombe, high school sweethearts,

had been married for forty years.

Melvin Wax, even at 88, parked far from his synagogue,

to leave closer spaces for others.

Nevaeh Bravo played softball and was a cheerleader.

Her name is “heaven” spelled backward.

Rhonda LeRocque worked at a design agency,

and was active in her Jehovah’s Witnesses chapter.

Andre Mackniel, a cook and a stay at home dad,

wrote poems and played guitar.

Tralona Bartkowiak had recently gotten engaged.

She had a chihuahua named Opal.

Maribel Hernández Loya kept a garden,

and liked going to the casino.

Chia Ling Yau, who went by “Charlie,”

had dual citizenship, in Taiwan and the U.S.

Phillip High Bear had one son and one daughter.

650,000,000: number of firearms held by civilians in 2006. 875,000,000: number of

firearms held by civilians in 2017. 35: percentage increase in civilian firearms held by
civilians in the 11 years from 2006 to 2017.

Guns aren’t the only way to inflict violence, but they have become the paradigmatic
way. □ What guns symbolize might not exhaust what a given gun symbolizes. □
Guns don’t have to provide safety to symbolize safety.

14
James Cho loved elephants, and wore elephant bibs and shirts.

Ahmaud Arbery worked at a truck washing company

and for his father’s landscaping business.

Quintonio LeGrier was studying electrical engineering

at Northern Illinois University.

Madeleine Hsu played piano,

and read books about fairies, princesses, and Pinkalicious.

Clementa Pinckney, a seminary graduate,

was a member of the South Carolina Senate.

Caitlin Hammaren sang and played violin,

and served as a resident advisor in her dorm.

Katleen Ping had a young child,

and worked as a receptionist at a nursing school.

Carol McNair played baseball,

and was a member of a Brownie troop.

Simon Carillo worked at McDonald’s,

and liked dancing, biking, and water skiing.

Sita Singh had four children, and liked music and reading.

17: in the year of the Columbine shooting, the number of students killed at school.
2,500+: in the same year, the number of young people (ages 5-19) who were murdered
outside of school.

Individual-level explanations of violence oversimplify complex phenomena: they are

reductive. □ Assigning violence to individual choice gives cover to the violence of
systems. □ As long as we think of gun ownership as exclusively individual, we’ll
keep treating it as if it were.

15
 Emily Garcia was seven years old, and in second grade.

Ke’Arre Stewart, an Army vet, liked sports and movies,

and playing the video game “Assassin’s Creed.”

Rachel Works loved dance and music,

and liked to make up stories with video clips.

Hallie Scruggs liked ninjas and unicorns,

and played soccer and basketball.

Irving Younger had two children,

and had coached little league and high school JV baseball.

Uziyah Garcia loved running and swimming.

He liked football, jumping on trampolines, and gorilla tag.

Pearl Young, at 77, still taught Sunday school

and substituted in Buffalo Public Schools.

Teri Leiker held a job for 31 years

at her local chain grocery store.

Margie Reckard worked at Walmart,

and had been married to her second husband for 22 years.

Brennan Stewart was an amateur singer/songwriter.

14,157: number of McDonald’s restaurants in the United States. 37,053: number of

grocery stores in the United States. 58,794: number of retail gun stores and pawn shops
selling guns in the United States.

“[S]omething more than objective threat is at work in police killings.” □ Racial

disparities in police killing will not decrease until structural racism is mitigated. □
Reducing the number of police killings will require many changes, not just one
change.

16
Christian Escobedo, 22, was a high school graduate.

Julisa Molina Rivera was 31 years old.

She had been born in Honduras, but lived in Texas.

Shawn Jackson liked making music videos

and had just graduated from high school.

Pedro Cortez, who was legally blind,

worked for his stepfather in a moving company.

Beatrice Dotson was 95,

and had recently moved in with her daughter.

Destiny Howard, a Black trans woman,

was a high school graduate and loved fashion.

Walter Scott was behind in child-support payments,

and drove a twenty-year-old car.

Avielle Richman, who often went barefoot,

liked to be told stories at bedtime.

Myra Thompson was retired from her career

as an eighth-grade English teacher and guidance counselor.

Kenneth Mills-Tucker worked at his local U-Haul.

71: of firearm deaths among children aged 0-4, percentage that are by intent, not
unintentional. 80: of firearm deaths among children aged 5-9, percentage that are by
intent, not unintentional. 90: of firearm deaths among youth aged 10-14, percentage that
are by intent, not unintentional. 97: of firearm deaths among youth aged 15-19,
percentage that are by intent, not unintentional.

Fear immunizes against influence by fact. □ Numb to others’ pain, dishonest to

oneself. □ Traumatic events cause trauma and fear.

17
 Noah Holcombe, her parents’ only child, was 17 months old.

Rachael Hill had played volleyball in high school.

She played piano, and was studying biology.

Ranjit Singh worked odd jobs in the U.S.

to send money back to his family in India.

Grace Eunhae Kim used the intercom where she worked

to sing and joke with her co-workers.

Addie Mae Collins had six siblings.

She played softball and liked making art.

Akyra Murray had graduated third in her class,

and scored over 1,000 points for her school basketball team.

Jennifer Markovsky liked baking, arts and crafts.

and taking her young children on hikes.

Philip Crouse had been a skinhead in his youth,

but wanted to do missionary work.

Cynthia Peak had a daughter and two sons,

and worked as a substitute teacher.

Richard Rodriguez was a retired railroad worker.

18: number of bullets an average shooter could fire in one minute with a six-shot revolver.
100: number of bullets an average shooter could fire in one minute with an assault rifle
equipped with a one-hundred-round drum.

War declared against an abstract concept (“crime”) produces very concrete collateral
damage. □ Militarizing police weaponry increases the distance from which officers
can target suspects. □ Expansion of the criminal justice system expands state
predation.

18
Carlos LaMadrid, 19, loved music and soccer.

Alexander Mikhail Gusev had come to the U.S. from Belarus

to earn his degree in civil engineering.

Omarian Banks worked at McDonald’s,

and wanted to become an electrician like his father.

Sarah Lee Circle Bear, a 24-year-old Lakota woman,

was the mother of two young children.

DeAunta Farrow, nicknamed “Tae Tae,” was 12,

and had just completed sixth grade.

Punjab Singh had served for 19 years

in the Indian Army as a Sikhi chaplain.

Sharonda Coleman-Singleton coached a high school girls track team,

and served as a lay minister in her church.

Henry Lee knew no English when he arrived in the U.S. at age 5,

but graduated as salutatorian of his high school class.

Lydia Sim served as a babysitter at her church,

and wanted to become a pediatrician.

Anne Marie Murphy, a special education aide, liked taking walks.

3: number of times the phrase “God-given right” was used in the American Rifleman in the
ten-year period from 1975 through 1984. 22: number of times the phrase “God-given
right” was used in the American Rifleman in the nine-year period from 2010 through 2018.
2: references to evil as an unseen or disembodied force in the American Rifleman in the
ten-year period from 1975 through 1984. 37: references to evil as an unseen or
disembodied force in the American Rifleman in the four-year period from 2015 through
2018.

“Privatizing violence removes it from the sphere of public rhetoric.” □ Privatizing

violence precludes redress of white supremacy. □ The state’s coercive powers are
being militarized and privatized.

19
 Alejandro Barrios Martínez had recently immigrated from Cuba.

Cynthia Morris was raised by a single mother,

and in school excelled in math, reading, and band.

Tiffany Johnson enjoyed snowboarding and skateboarding,

and planned to study international business and Japanese culture.

Mike Hill worked as a custodian at an elementary school,

and did the greeting for services at his church.

Joyce Fienberg worked for 25 years as a research specialist

at a university Learning Research and Development Center.

Alithia Ramirez liked to play soccer,

and wanted someday to go to art school in Paris.

Hannah Ahlers, a stay-at-home mom, liked country music,

and loved getting manicures and pedicures.

Margus Morrison collected sneakers, and made a good tuna salad.

He liked the songs of Donell Jones.

Rikki Olds enjoyed hiking and camping and golf.

Her favorite animal was the octopus.

Megan Hill was nine. Her family had nicknamed her “Megacute.”

55: of homes in the U.S. with children and firearms, the percentage with one or more
firearms in an unlocked place. 43: of homes in the U.S. with children and firearms, the
percentage with one or more firearms not in a locked place and not locked with a trigger
lock or other locking mechanism.

“[I]n addition to being protected by guns, we can also be, and too often are,
tyrannized by them.” □ Maybe guns would protect my freedom, if what threatened
it were something that could be shot. □ Maybe police would shoot fewer persons if
fighting crime were a less prevalent metaphor.

20
Daniel Enrique Laso-Guzmán was 9, and in third grade.

Destinee Thompson was 27, and the mother of three children.

She was seven months pregnant with her fourth child.

Javier Rodriguez played soccer and liked video games.

He was starting his sophomore year in high school.

Muoi Dai Ung was a refugee from Vietnam

who loved dance enough that she was taking ballroom lessons.

Renzo Smith was an Army veteran

whose service had included deployment in Iraq.

Christopher Rapp played in a bagpipe band.

He loved line dancing, ballroom dancing, and Filipino dances.

Rumain Brisbon wanted to get a barber’s license.

He liked to take his four daughters roller skating and bowling.

Deion Fludd was in high school in Brooklyn

and played on a traveling basketball team.

Olivia Engel liked to dance.

She helped potty train her little brother by giving him stickers.

Larry Jackson, Jr. was a 32-year-old father of four.

$76.4 billion: U.S. Department of Education Budget. $557 billion: annual economic cost
to the U.S. of gun violence. 2.6: percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product to which the
annual economic cost of gun violence is equal.

“[R]acial prejudice predicts police militarization.” □ Militarized policing exacerbates

racialization of policing. □ More police = less white risk of police killing, more
Black risk.

21
 Karen Marshall was a master sergeant in the Air National Guard.

Tywanza Sanders went fishing with father,

and went to Bible study with his mother and his great aunt.

Nicole White worked as a lifeguard and swimming instructor,

and volunteered at a women’s shelter and an animal shelter.

Prakash Singh had just brought his wife and two children
from India to join him in the U.S.

Doris Chibuko was studying nursing

and working part-time at a mental health rehabilitation center.

Rodolfo Ayala-Ayala liked Latin dancing

and “could rock a bow tie. He was famous for the bow tie.”

Evelyn Dieckhaus had two dogs, Mable and Birdie,

and a collection of stuffed tigers all named Tony.

Rose Mallinger was 97 but did not use a cane or walker,

and still cooked family meals for high holidays.

Jailah Silguero, 10 was the youngest of four siblings.

She liked dancing and making TikTok videos.

Rekia Boyd lived in a Chicago suburb. She was 22.

20,000+: number of suicides by gun every year in the United States.

The harm guns cause is not surprising; our acceptance of the harm is. □ Events
that warn us to change the system are swallowed by the system. □ No
understanding the offense without recognizing the role of the system as offender.

22
Alexia Christian was a 26-year-old mother of two young sons.

Andrea Castilla, whose mother had died of cancer,

wanted to work as a makeup artist for cancer survivors.

Katherine Massey went by “Kat,”

and was retired from her work at Blue Cross Blue Shield.

Eric Talley enjoyed drones and collected board games.

He and his wife had seven children.

Guillermo Garcia coached his daughter’s soccer team.

His friends called him “Tank” or “Memo.”

Sonia Argentina Guzmán was 25 years old.

She had been born in Honduras, but lived in Texas.

Michelle Langer worked loved the beach.

She was 60, went by “Missy,” and had just adopted a puppy.

Nicholas Heyward, Jr., 13, an honor student,

had just made his school basketball team.

Bettie Jones had four daughters and a son,

and was experiencing ovarian cancer.

Jacob Hall was in first grade, and loved superheroes.

34: of female victims of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter in 2021, the percentage
who were killed by an intimate partner. 6: of male victims of murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter in 2021, the percentage who were killed by an intimate partner.

Military performance of law enforcement contradicts democracy. □ Consolidation

of military and police threatens human rights. □ Militarization disfigures and
destroys.

23
 Tarika Wilson was 26, and had six children.

Victoria Soto taught first grade,

and sometimes brought snacks for her students.

Depayne Middleton-Doctor had four daughters.

She sang alto, and her favorite song was “I Really Love the Lord.”

Ross Alameddine played piano, loved rollerblading,

and played games competitively, especially “Company of Heroes.”

Suveg Singh Khattra farmed in India into his seventies,

then moved to the U.S. to live with his son and daughter-in-law.

Judith Seymour was studying nursing,

and had two adult children, a daughter and a son.

Paul Henry worked at a call center.

He played piano and organ, and liked singing and dancing.

Katherine Koonce, an elementary-school principal,

liked traveling, art, music, and playing pickleball.

Carlin Holcombe was not yet born, was due in a month,

and already had the nickname “Billy Bob.”

Jeffrey Osborne ran a poultry farm, and liked motorcycling.

78: percentage of homicide cases in the U.S. solved when the person killed was white.
67: percentage of homicide cases in the U.S. solved when the person killed was Black.
16: percentage of homicide cases in the U.S. solved when the person killed was trans.

Every person shot in a mass shooting is a person. □ Violence attacks a person, and
personhood. □ “Violence, like other traumas, fragments the self and removes the
ground from below us.”

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Tracy Gaeta lived in California, and was a grandmother.

Bernard Whitehurst worked as a janitor.

He and his wife had four children.

Brooke Ward loved the movie Frozen,

and liked to dress up like characters in the film.

Cecil Rosenthal and David Rosenthal were brothers,

and attended services together at their synagogue.

Amerie Garza loved was protective of her 3-year-old brother,

and kissed him every morning before she went to school.

Heather Alvarado ran an at-home day care center.

She loved fishing, camping and vacationing in Cancun.

Roberta Drury went by “Robbie”with family and friends.

She enjoyed walking with her sister through the Buffalo Zoo.

Denny Stong worked extra shifts at his grocery store job

to save for plane fuel while he pursued his pilot’s license.

Angie Englisbee, 86, did her shopping each Saturday morning,

and liked watching TV sports and “General Hospital.”

Jalen Randle was 29, and had a 5-year-old daughter.

100: percentage of Board members of the Remington Society of America who are white
males.

Open carry is equally open to all carriers, but more equally open to some carriers
than to others. □ What made cars less lethal would do the same for guns. □
Consistent rules, effective rules.

25
 Jayland Walker worked as a DoorDash driver in Akron, Ohio.

Diana Man Ling Tom had worked as a pharmacy technician

while she and her husband raised their children.

Aishwarya Thatikonda worked as an engineer.

She was about to turn 27.

José Jonathan Casárez was 18 years old.

He had been born in Honduras, but lived in Texas.

Katherine Nixon, who went by “Kate,” worked as an engineer.

Her grandmother had taught her how to quilt.

Kelly Loving, a trans woman, had just turned 40.

She liked travel. Friends called her “Jenna Sno.”

Tyshon Anderson was looking into alternative schools,

and planning to get a state ID so he could apply for a job.

Danroy Henry, 20, went by “DJ.”

At his university he was on the football team and the Dean’s List.

Charleena Lyles was pregnant with her fifth child.

She lived unhoused, but worked at a coffee company.

Emily Hill loved horses, karate, cooking and being with her family.

17: of news stories about mass shootings between 1997 and 2012, the percentage that
mentioned dangerous people with SMI (serious mental illness) as causes of gun violence.
9: of news stories about mass shootings between 1997 and 2012, the percentage that
mentioned dangerous weapons as causes of gun violence.

Black men are targeted disproportionately; dark-skinned Black men even more so.
□ Inhibit the activation of stereotypes; suspend their application to behavior. □ To
end hate crimes against minorities, end discrimination against minorities.

26
Rayshard Brooks was 27, and had three daughters and a stepson.

Deana Eckert and her husband had two children.

She worked in a bank as an executive assistant.

Reat Underwood loved to camp and hunt.

He was a high school freshman and an Eagle Scout.

Randolph Evans went by “Randy.”

He was 15, and a high school freshman.

Belinda Galde worked as a probation officer,

and had operated a hairdressing business from her home.

Grace McDonnell loved the beach,

and wanted to become a painter when she grew up.

Susie Jackson had two children and eight grandchildren.

She sang soprano in her church choir.

Jeremy Herbstritt was a marathon runner,

and loved to hike, ski, and kayak.

Paramjit Kaur worked 11 hours a day, 6 days a week,

in production at a medical devices firm.

Casey Goodson ws 23, and lived with his grandmother.

9: in 2015, how many times more likely a Black man between 15 and 34 was than any
other American to be killed by a police officer. 2: of the U.S. population, the percentage
that are Black males between 15 and 34. 15: of persons killed by the use of deadly force
by police officers in 2015, the percentage that were Black males between 15 and 34. 17:
in 2015, the percentage of white persons killed by police who were unarmed. 25: in 2015,
the percentage of Black persons killed by police who were unarmed.

Police protect what, and who, policing was created to protect. □ Bad officers
sometimes make police violence actual; bad policy makes it inevitable. □ More
policing harms the most policed.

27
 Henry Green lived with his aunt, and went by “Bub.”

Tshering Rinzing Bhutia was studying nursing.

He worked the overnight shift as a custodian.

Edward Sotomayor Jr., wore a top hat to events,

so his friends nicknamed him “Top-Hat Eddie.”

Haley Krueger was in ninth grade, and loved babies.

She wanted to become a nurse in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Daniel Stein was active in his synagogue community,

and served as president of his congregation.

Jayce Luevanos loved dinosaurs and ninjas.

He made his grandparents a pot of coffee every morning.

Dorene Anderson lived in Anchorage,

and rooted for the Alaska Aces minor league hockey team.

Geraldine Talley had a degree in secretarial science,

and loved to bake, especially cheesecake and carrot cake.

Kevin Mahoney enjoyed walking, hiking, skiing, and camping.

He volunteered in his local Meals on Wheels program.

Julius Tate, Jr. was 16, and lived in Columbus, Ohio.

25.6: in 1984, percentage of towns between 25,000 and 50,000 people with a SWAT
team. 52.1: in 1990, percentage of towns between 25,000 and 50,000 people with a
SWAT team. 80: in 2005, percentage of towns between 25,000 and 50,000 people with a
SWAT team.

From any one death, devastation; to the many deaths, disregard. □ We only count
as real deaths the ends of lives we can see. □ Recognition as active, full human
beings reduces a group’s vulnerability to violence.

28