UNIT – 2

Internet in e commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the
transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. These
business transactions occur either as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C),
consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business.
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that
transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a “network of
networks” that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online
chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web
(WWW).
The Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous. The Internet is a collection of
interconnected computer networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless
connections, etc. In contrast, the Web is a collection of interconnected documents and
other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The World Wide Web is one of the services
accessible via the Internet, along with various others including e-mail, file sharing, online
gaming and others described below.
America Online, Comcast, Earthlink, etc. are examples of Internet service providers. They
make it physically possible for you to send and access data from the Internet. They allow you to
send and receive data to and from their computers or routers which are connected to the Internet.
World Wide Web is an example of an information protocol/service that can be used to send
and receive information over the Internet. It supports:
 Multimedia Information (text, movies, pictures, sound, programs . . . ).
 Hypertext Information (information that contains links to other information resources)
 Graphic User Interface (so users can point and click to request information instead of
typing in text commands).
The server software for the World Wide Web is called an HTTP server (or informally a Web
server). Examples are Apache and IIS. The client software for World Wide Web is called a Web
browser. Examples are: Netscape, Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, and Mozilla. These
examples are particular “brands” of software that have a similar function, just like Lotus 123 and
Excel are both spreadsheet software packages.
Domain name & Internet Organization
An Internet domain name is a unique name of an organization or person on the Internet.
The name is combined with a generic top-level domain (gTLD), such as .com or . org. For
example, computerlanguage.com is the domain name for the publisher of this encyclopedia.
A business domain name is the web address of your business website; it's what you type into
your web browser to reach a website. Instead of entering the address of your physical address,
you enter the domain name to access your business website.
A domain name (often simply called a domain) is an easy-to-remember name that's associated
with a physical IP address on the Internet. It's the unique name that appears after the @ sign
in email addresses, and after www. in web addresses.
Types of Networks
According to the communication requirements, multiple types of network connections are
available. The most basic type of network classification depends on the network's geographical
coverage.
Below mentioned are different types of networks:
 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
 WAN (Wide Area Network)
What Is Local Area Network (LAN)?The Local Area Network (LAN) is designed to connect
multiple network devices and systems within a limited geographical distance. The devices are
connected using multiple protocols for properly and efficiently exchanging data and services.
Attributes of LAN Network:
 The data transmit speed in the LAN network is relatively higher than the other network
types, MAN and WAN.
 LAN uses private network addresses for network connectivity for data and service
exchange, and it uses cable for network connection, decreasing error and
maintaining data security.
Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN Network

Advantages Disadvantages

Need constant administration of

Transmission of data and services is relatively higher than
experienced engineers for
other network connections.
functioning.
 The Network Server acts as a central unit for the whole Probability of leak of sensitive data
network. by LAN administration.

What Is Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?

The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network type that covers the network connection of
an entire city or connection of a small area. The area covered by the network is connected using
a wired network, like data cables.
Attributes of MAN Network:
 Network covers an entire town area or a portion of a city.
 Data transmission speed is relatively high due to the installation of optical cables and
wired connections.
Advantages and Disadvantages of MAN Network:

Advantages Disadvantages

High probability of attack from

Provides Full-Duplex data transmission in the network
hackers and cybercriminals due to
channel for devices.
large networks.

The need for good quality hardware

The network connection area covers an entire city or some
and the installation cost is very
parts using the optic cables.
high.

What Is Wide Area Network (WAN)?

The Wide Area Network (WAN) is designed to connect devices over large distances like states
or between countries. The connection is wireless in most cases and uses radio towers for
communication.
The WAN network can be made up of multiple LAN and MAN networks.
Attributes of WAN Network:
 The speed of the WAN data transfer is lower than in comparison to LAN and MAN
networks due to the large distance covered.
  The WAN network uses a satellite medium to transmit data between multiple locations
and network towers.
Advantages and Disadvantages of WAN Network:

Advantages Disadvantages

High cost to set up the network and

This network covers a high geographical area and is used for the Support of experienced
large-distance connections. technicians is needed to maintain
the network.

It is difficult to prevent hacking and

They also use radio towers and connect channels for users.
debug a large network.

PAN(Personal Area Network)

o Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically
within a range of 10 meters.
o Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is
known as Personal Area Network.
o Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal
Area Network.
o Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
o Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the
laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations.

There are two types of Personal Area Network:

o Wired Personal Area Network

 o Wireless Personal Area Network
Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless Personal Area Network is developed by
simply using wireless technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a low range network.
Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area Network is created by using the USB.
Examples Of Personal Area Network:
o Body Area Network: Body Area Network is a network that moves with a person. For
example, a mobile network moves with a person. Suppose a person establishes a network
connection and then creates a connection with another device to share the information.
o Offline Network: An offline network can be created inside the home, so it is also known
as a home network. A home network is designed to integrate the devices such as
printers, computer, television but they are not connected to the internet.
o Small Home Office: It is used to connect a variety of devices to the internet and to a
corporate network using a VPN.
Building own Website
Step 1. Choose Your Content Management System (CMS)
The foundation of every website is a content management system (CMS). There are a number of
different content management systems to choose from open-source platforms such as WordPress
to beginner-friendly all-in-one website builders such as Shopify or Squarespace. Which is right
for you and your online store will depend on your budget, experience, and unique e-commerce
needs.
Here are the most popular content management systems for e-commerce websites:
 WordPress: The world’s leading CMS that is also one of the most customizable.
 Shopify: An ideal e-commerce solution for building a dropshipping business.
 Squarespace: One of the best website builders for beginners who want to easily build a
professional website with no previous web design experience.
 Square Online: Best for existing retailers that are looking to sell in-person and online.
 Wix: An all-in-one website builder that is both easy to use and highly customizable.
For help deciding which is the best CMS for your e-commerce needs, learn more about the best
e-commerce platforms.
Step 2. Create an Account (Or Get Web Hosting)
Once you have decided which CMS to use, the next step is to create an account–unless you
choose WordPress. If you are planning to build your e-commerce site with WordPress, your next
step is to get a web hosting plan. The best web hosting services come with a free domain name, a
free SSL certificate and one-click WordPress installation, eliminating the need to manually
connect your domain and hosting to WordPress.
If you’re using a website builder such as Shopify, Squarespace, Square Online or Wix, simply
navigate to the provider’s website and register for an account. If your chosen CMS allows,
register your domain name through the CMS to eliminate the need for manual domain
configuration process.
In the instance where your chosen CMS does not give you the option to get a domain name,
register your domain using a domain name registrar. For help choosing one, check out our article
on the best domain name registrars.
Step 3. Select an E-commerce Theme or Template
The first thing you need to consider is a theme for your website. Themes are ready-made
templates that give your website a consistent look and feel. All subscription platforms have tons
of templates to choose from, so whether you’re building your e-commerce website with
WordPress, Shopify, Wix or anything else, you will have prebuilt templates and themes to
choose from.
Keep in mind that while free templates are generally available across most platforms, some also
offer paid (or premium) templates. For example, both WordPress and Shopify offer premium
themes that range in price from around $30 to over $200. The benefit is that many offer more
unique designs, which can help businesses that want a specific look to reduce the amount of time
spent customizing their chosen theme.
Step 4. Customize Your Site and Build Out Web Pages
After you have found the perfect theme or template for your online store, the next step is to begin
customizing it. This is where you will be updating your header and footer, configuring your
site’s navigation, and building out pages from your homepage to your refunds and return policy
page.
Step 5. Create Product Listings
No online store is complete with product listings. So once you have built out your website, the
next step is to create your product catalog, complete with all of your individual product listings.
In this process be sure to organize and categorize your listings so they are easy for your future
site visitors to find and for you to manage.
Step 6. Set Up a Payment Gateway, Inventory and Tax Tools
After you have populated your e-commerce website, there are a few key aspects of building an e-
commerce site to attend to from setting up a payment processor to adding inventory and tax
tools.
Choose a Payment Gateway
When it comes to choosing and setting up a payment gateway, many online retailers opt for
third-party tools such as Stripe or PayPal to make the process easier and more secure. If you are
redirecting the customer to other websites, you must ensure that the data is fully encrypted before
transfer.
If you are choosing payment integrations, consider these points:
 How easy is it to integrate the tool with your platform?
 Is the tool secure?
 Is the tool PCI compliant?
 What are the fees you and the customer must pay?
For a detailed breakdown, refer to our article on the best payment gateways.
Integrate Shipping
If your platform allows it, you should integrate shipping with your e-commerce website for a
seamless experience. It will also simplify operations and you can focus on selling. But before
you integrate shipping, determine your shipping policies such as free shipping, variable fee, flat
rate, etc. And while you are at it, also establish refund and return policies.
Add a Sales Tax Calculator (Optional)
Additionally, you may want to consider adding a tax calculator to automatically calculate sales
tax, shipping and any other fees at checkout.
Step 7. Test and Launch Your E-Commerce Site
Before launching the e-commerce site to your customers, you must check the site thoroughly.
Every button and every link on the site must be working. Even 404 error web pages should be
designed according to the theme.
Run tests to see if you can add products to the cart and process the payment. Most platforms will
allow you to test payment processing without actually charging your credit card. Be sure to
check if all the emails are getting sent to the right inboxes after a purchase has been made or
declined. And last but not least, check how your site looks and functions on mobile devices. If
possible, try to check out the site’s performance on different web browsers.
Once you have tested and double-checked everything, from product descriptions to category
pages, you are ready to launch.
Announce the launch of your e-commerce store through your social media pages, guest posts on
popular retail blogs in your niche, influencer marketing and to your email lists. If you have the
budget, you can also go for paid advertising on Facebook, Google and other platforms.

Reasons for building own website

A website is a beneficial tool, one of the best ways to develop an online reputation, whether you
are an entrepreneur, job seeker, artist, or writer. It is not difficult to make your own website;
there are templates and tools to put one on the web quickly. The reasons for doing so are many.
Here are 9 of them so when you do build your own website, you can maximize your chances of
success.
A Website Instantly Showcases Work or Talent
Any type of creativity can be displayed on a website. Your online portfolio can include
everything in one place, whether it is your writing, artwork, photography, clothing, or any
product. As an artist, there are many perks to a website, and you don't have to be an internet
expert to get started. The New York Foundation for the Arts links to the basic resources needed,
even if you don't know how to build your own website.
Your site can showcase your Web development abilities, clothing designs, or speaking or
teaching talents. Descriptions, photographs, and videos can be used to display anything.
Wherever your talents are, they can be shown in great detail.
Your Employment Potential May Increase
Prospective employers often assess candidates by what is on their websites. The quality of your
content and portfolio makes an impression that can get you hired. A headhunter may happen
upon your site and make an offer. Whether you are looking for work or would like to someday
switch jobs, think ahead, because building your own website may lead to opportunities you never
expected. A page with your resume or a link to it is a good idea too.
You Can Be an Instant Entrepreneur
Starting a business online is not an expensive proposition. Assuming you have a computer and an
internet connection, the only parts of the equation left are a website and a means to collect
earnings. You can effectively run a small business out of your bedroom. Using your website, you
can also:
 Promote products and services to millions of people worldwide.
 Impress prospects and clients with your knowledge.
 Compete with larger businesses in your market.
 Collect profits from the services you provide.
 Communicate with customers, gauge their satisfaction, and help meet their needs.
A website is one of the most affordable ways to implement customer support. Adding an FAQ
page to your content will give your customers insights they didn't have before. You could also
integrate a ticketing system that simplifies the support process. At the very least, have a contact
form so customers can get in touch for any reason.
Knowledge Can Be Expanded
Content is still an important aspect of any website. Adding great content means you may write
about unfamiliar topics, which is effective for learning. Writing provides an opportunity to do
research. You can therefore learn a great deal about niche topics. Website creation lets you
leverage a strategy that reinforces lifelong learning.
You Can Amp Up Creativity
Making your own website helps express and inspire creativity. A webmaster may commit to
uploading a certain amount of content each week or month, or be driven to be more productive.
This is so for writers, painters, musicians, and any other kind of artist. Creating art becomes part
of developing the website, and vice versa.
You Can Grow and Promote Your Blog
A website is the perfect medium for integrating a blog. If the template supports frequent updates,
blog entries can be added directly. Provide a direct link to an outside blog, and your visitors may
be inspired by what you have to say. WordPress, for example, avoids the dilemma of how to
make your own website because it provides a place to set up your blog, complete with themes
and plugins. Having your own blog will also:
 Improve your writing skills
 Have better listings on Google
 Help other people with your knowledge
 Serve as a self-promotional tool
 Enable communication with friends, family, and colleagues
 Help potential clients learn about your business
 Get your voice heard, which can influence change
Promote Yourself
Even if you don't run a business, a website can showcase a lot about you, including your resume.
You can illustrate life events such as sweet 16's or weddings. A professional website can be
created, and is even more credible if you put yourself in its domain name. The
"YourNameHere.com" method is a sound way to boost visibility. You can blog about food,
review restaurants, talk about travel experiences, or sound off on opinions.
The information you publish online can help others, whether you are reviewing an establishment
or a book. Promoting a hobby can help you connect with others too. Building your own website
helps forge connections and exposes your interests and insights to the rest of the world.
People Can See Your Ideas Any Time
With a website, you don't have to visit an office to deliver your portfolio. There's no need to call
someone and meet them at a specific time. Information is available all day and night, every day
of the week. Everything you add to the site serves as permanent advertising.
Websites Connect the World
It's a global economy, so the less of a barrier between you and the world, the better. A website is
the window into what you know and have to offer. Anyone on Earth can see your story. Whether
you use a business website builder or are making your own website for fun, it's possible to
communicate expertise and passions, or promote products and services at the same level as the
biggest organizations.
Developing a website is an incentive to hone your own craft. You can sell more, write more, and
produce more. The reasons for investing time in a website are not limited to those listed here.
Many more exist. There are no limitations in terms of topic, hobby, or business that you can
communicate to the rest of the world, and become an authority on.
Benefits of Website
1 Online Presence 24/7
Having a website means customers are always able to find you – anytime, anywhere. Even
outside of business hours, your website continues to find and secure new customers. It offers the
user convenience as they can access the information they need in the comfort of their own home,
with no added pressure to buy. Plus, as most companies nowadays have their own website,
there’s every chance you could be losing customers to your competitors by staying offline

#2 Information Exchange
At its simplest, a website provides a quick and easy way of communicating information between
buyers and sellers. You can list your opening hours, contact information, show images of your
location or products, and use contact forms to facilitate enquiries from potential customers or
feedback from existing ones. You can even upload promotional videos to really engage your
customers and sell your business in an effective and cost efficient way. This is also a good way
to promote your social media channels and build up a community with your customers

#3 Credibility
In today’s modern world, there is an expectation for any reputable company to have some kind
of online presence. Potential customers would likely be distrusting of any business that didn't
have a telephone number or a physical address, and the same can be said for not having a website
and email address. These are useful tools to share crucial information about your business with
customers and answer all the What’s and Why’s that they may have. What’s more, having a good
quality, easy-to-use website makes customers feel comfortable using your services, as they will
assume they can expect the same positive experience in all areas of your business.
#4 It Cuts Costs
As well as simply displaying information, you can also use your website to sell goods & services
directly to consumers, in some cases removing the need to use “brick-and-mortar” stores which
involve large operating costs (staff wages, rental, utilities to name just a few). Eliminating these
overheads will also allow you to lower your prices, giving your business that real competitive
edge. It can also be used internally within your business; do you have any news you want to
share with colleagues or have any important information that can be accessed by management?
Having an internal website can save you a lot of time as everything you need is one place and
can be accessed at any time.

#5 Market Expansion
As your site is accessible to anyone all over the world, the ability to break through geographical
barriers has never been easier. Anyone, from any country, will be able to find your company and
as such, is now a potential customer.

#6 Consumer Insights
Analytic tools allow you to identify who your typical customer is, how they found you, what
they like, and adapt your business to maximise purchases through your site. The diverse range of
data available can also help you better understand how your social media channels affect your
brand, and can even highlight opportunities to change the offline aspects of your business such as
branch opening times, promotions and product ranges.

#7 Advertising
Tools like Google AdWords or advertising on Facebook give you the power to reach customers
with much more accuracy and reliability than with traditional offline advertising methods. SEO
and online advertising are a great way to help build up awareness, if it’s done correctly traffic to
your website can see an increase. Be the first company that a potential new customer sees when
searching for a specific product or service online, and use your website's contact page or e-
commerce features to make purchasing a product or finding a retail outlet easier than ever before.
#8 Competitors Online
If you don’t have a website it is highly likely that your competitor will do, this means that you
are missing out on gaining new customers and can be in the forefront of their minds. It is crucial
that no opportunities are missed and are gained by the competition.
#9 Customer Service Online
Websites provide an easier way to handle customer service. Offering answers to regularly asked
questions in a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) section, you can reduce customer service costs
and save yourself time and money, as well as providing much more information. This also means
that customers can receive a reply instantly and saves time, which helps to encourage positive
customer relations in the long run. This could be a benefit for you, all positive feedback can be
uploaded into a testimonial, your customers are happy why not show it off?!

#10 Growth Opportunity

Websites, in general, are great ways to in providing a place that potential investors can be
referred to. It shows what your company is about, what it has achieved and what it can achieve in
the future.
Top-level domains (TLDs)
Top-level domains (TLDs) are also referred to as domain extensions. They’re the series of letters
that appear at the right of your SLD, after the dot. The most popular ones include:
 .com: Short for “commercial,” this was the first TLD launched, initially meant for
business and commercial use. It’s still the most popular.
 .net: Short for “network,” this was created for technology organizations, but it has
become another common option for business website owners of all types.
 .edu: Short for “education,” this TLD was created for universities, colleges, and other
educational institutions. Today, it’s mostly associated with U.S. schools.
 .org: Short for “organization,” this was developed for non-profit organizations but soon
became popular among schools, communities, and for-profit enterprises.
 .gov: Short for “government,” this was created strictly for U.S. government agency use.
 .mil: Short for “military,” this TLD was developed solely for use by branches of the U.S.
military.
There are also TLDs for different countries (.ca for Canada, for example) as well as niche
domains like .coffee or .cheap. In all, there are more than 1,500 different TLDs to choose from,
and the list continues to grow. But the cost for different TLDs vary. Some carry more "weight"
than others, which should impact your decision when buying a domain.
Register a Domain Name
Domain names have been around since the advent of the web. The first domain name in history
was Symbolics.com, which was registered on March 15, 1985. Today, there are more than 300
million domain names, with millions more added each year.
Your domain name is an important part of establishing your brand. No two domain names can be
exactly alike, although they can be similar. Ideally, your custom domain name will be unique and
distinctive, so users don't confuse it with other domain names or different businesses.
In addition, domain names allow users to easily connect to other computer IP addresses. For
example, you can type in an address like "Google.com" instead of Google's numerical IP address
of "172.217.13.78." In other words, domain names make our lives a lot easier.
Choosing a domain name is often the first step when building a website.
How to Register a Domain Name
1. Find a domain name registrar.
2. Search for your domain name.
3. Finalize your domain name choice.
4. Choose a domain name suffix, such as .com or .net.
5. Purchase the domain name.
6. Add Domain ID protection.
1. Find a domain name registrar.
The non-profit Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) oversees the
entire system of domain names, and it allows outside companies, called domain registrars, to sell
and manage domain names. You will need to register your domain name through a registrar.
Some of the most popular domain registrars include GoDaddy, Bluehost, and Domain.com,
although there are many more to choose from. Be sure to carefully consider pricing and policies
for each one before choosing your domain registrar, as it will be managing your domain name.
2. Search for your domain name's availability.
Once you have found the right domain registrar for you, you'll need to search for your domain
name using the registrar's search bar. There are millions of domain names out there, with
thousands more added daily.
If you have your heart set on a domain name before doing a search, you might be disappointed to
find it is already taken. Keep an open mind and incorporate important keywords into your
domain when appropriate.
3. Finalize your domain name choice.
Once you've brainstormed several domain options, consider which ones are available and choose
the one that fits your brand best and will also be easy for users to find.
4. Choose a domain name suffix, such as .com or .net.
After settling on the domain name, consider the suffix. The most popular suffix is .com, although
.net and .org are also popular. These are considered to be top-level domains, or the highest-level
domain suffixes in the domain naming system.
There are also other varieties to consider, such as country code top-level domains. These domain
names end in a suffix that is particular to a specific country. A website in Germany might end
in .de, for example.
Finally, there is another class of domain name suffixes called "sponsored, top-level domains,"
which are sponsored by a specific community related to the domain name. For example, .gov is
for the U.S. government and .edu is for education organizations.
For most websites, .com is the best suffix for its ease of use, but if you have a specialized
website, you might consider a country code or sponsored top-level domain.
5. Purchase the domain name.
When you have settled on the domain name and a suffix, you will pay to register the domain
name with the domain registrar. This is not a one-time purchase, however. Typically, you will
pay to own the domain name for one year, after which you can renew your registration for a fee.
You can expect a registration fee of about $10 to $15.
6. Add domain ID protection.
When you register a domain name with ICANN, you must provide your contact information
including your name, phone number, physical address, and email address.
As soon as your domain name is registered, this contact information becomes available to the
public — unless you pay for domain privacy through your domain registrar. This domain privacy
will shield your information from view, keeping your personal information safe from spammers
or worse, identity thieves.
Once you've got the domain name in hand, you're ready to find hosting and build your website.
Consider a free CMS, like HubSpot, to design your website, strategize for SEO, and create a
blog.
Cost to Register a Domain Name
According to HostGator, domain name cost ranges from free to tens of thousands of dollars, with
the average domain name settling around $10-$12 annually. These factors will affect what you'd
pay for a specific domain:
 The demand for the particular name you choose (e.g. cars.com sold for $872
million because of how "valuable" that real estate was perceived to be)
 The TLD domain extension (e.g. .com is perceived to be a more valuable TLD than less-
used TLDs such as .info.)
 The domain registrar you're purchasing from
  Whether the domain has already been purchased by someone else (and now has it for sale
at a much higher price)
 Whether you commit to an annual payment or another payment schedule
 Add-ons such as privacy
Whether you choose a free or paid domain will depend on your budget and your website's
purpose. For example, you might need a basic website or something simple and temporary. In
that case, a free domain name might be a good option.
However, paid domain names look more professional and are more likely to grow with your
brand. You should ultimately decide what will work best for your business and goals.
Target E-mail
Targeted email marketing is a way of ensuring your emails make an impact in the inbox. Using
information you already hold on your customers, you can send tailored messages to specific sets
of subscribers. Targeted email marketing is a strategy that improves your ROI, sales, and
profits by sending out personalised content to the inboxes of the most relevant customers at
just the right time. With all the information about your customers, you can send tailored
messages to specific sets of subscribers.
The ultimate goal of any email campaign is to eventually get the recipient to make a purchase.
Benefits of a Targeted Email Campaign
Regardless of the industry you are in or the type of emails you send, targeted emails can be used
to get more returns from your email marketing efforts.
It's based on the logic that a targeted email caters to 5 essential components & outcomes of any
email. These are:

Relevance: When you will send targeted email, you will be sending only emails that resonate
with a particular segment. Your subscriber segments will receive less content that's not relevant
to them and hence the unsubscribe rate will go lower. Your subscribers will remember you as a
brand that's made for them and will come back to you for more information or products.

Response: When the image, copy, style, send time etc., of your email are targeted to a particular
audience, there is a high chance they will relate to it and will respond by taking the action you
specified.

Relationship: Targeted emails help build a relationship with your audience because when they
like the message, take an action and look forward to your emails, they are also likely to tell their
friends about it as if you are something they trust and have a bond with.

Revenue: The one big mistake marketers make it talk about the right topic to the wrong people.
But with targeted emails, you have narrowed your subscriber base and tailored your messaging
accordingly. This will get them to read, take action, trust you and hence buy from you.

Retention: Even past customers are a segment and likely know a lot about you. So when the
messaging for them is targeted around new offers, or something exclusive for customers only
etc., they are more likely to come back and shop again. So you can see how targeted email
marketing will help retention.
What is Banner exchange
Definition:
The exchange of banners is an advertising technique that consists of a reciprocal exchange in
which two web pages agree to exchange this type of advertising format on their respective sites.
The exchange can be arranged for free or through an Ad Server, which allows the rotation of a
banner on a multitude of websites.
To understand this practice, you must first make it clear what a banner is. It is the most popular
advertising format on the internet and consists of including a graphic advertising piece within a
web page with the aim of attracting traffic to the page itself. It is increasingly common to find
banners that include videos, more attractive to users.
An Internet advertising network that swaps banner ads among its members. Each time a member
site displays an ad from the network, it receives some amount of credit that is used to display its
own banner in the network. Also called a "banner swap network," some banner exchanges offer a
"click exchange," in which credit is given when someone clicks on the ad, not just the impression
on the page.
An Internet advertising network that swaps banner ads among its members. Each time a
member site displays an ad from the network, it receives some amount of credit that is used to
display its own banner in the network.xamples of banner exchange networks
include LinkExchange, SmartAge and Hyperbanner.

Shopping Bots
The bot automatically scans numerous online stores to find the most affordable product for the
user to purchase. Shopping bots are also known as retail bots and order bots.
...
Examples of popular Shopping bots
 Kompose Chatbot. ...
 Shopify Messenger. ...
 WeChat. ...
 H&M. ...
 SnapTravel. ...
  Madi. ...
 Kik Bot shop. ...
 Readow.
A shopping bot is an online price comparison software tool which automatically searches the
products of many different online stores to locate the most affordable rates for customers.

Generally, these shopping bots rank items by price and let buyers link directly to the website of
an online merchant site to actually buy their preferred product.

Shopping bots, short for "shopping robots," can find the best online deals for products, including
films, books, video games, computer devices, TVs, etc. Using shopping bots, buyers can get
quotes from multiple retailers for the same product instantly, without spending extra time
searching for each retailer's price.