MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)

Program Name and Code : Electronics and Telecommunications

Subject and subject code : Emerging Trends in Electronics
(22636)
Academic Year : 2023-24
Semester : Sixth
A MICRO PROJECT
On
Automatic light intensity controller using Arduino Uno

Submitted in 2024 by the group of 4 Students

Sr. Roll Enrollment
Name of student
No. No. No.
1 06 Tejaswini E. Devare 2100180329
2 12 Esha D. Joshi 2100180337
3 14 Atharv J. Khambayate 2100180340
4 35 Harsh S. Suryawanshi 2100180379
Project Guided by
S.P. Jain mam

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that following students, Tejaswini E. Devare, Esha D. Joshi,

Atharv J. Khambayate, Harsh S. Suryawanshi.

Roll No 06,12,14,35. Of Sixth Semester of Diploma in Electronic And

Telecommunications of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018)
has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject Emerging Trends in
Electronics (22636) or the Academic Year 2023 - 2024 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: 2100180329,37,40,79

Date: …………………….. Seat no :

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institution

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I Tejaswini E. Devare, Esha D. Joshi, Atharv J. Khambayate, Harsh S.

Suryawanshi.

Roll No. 06,12,14,35 as a student of 6th Sem of the Program Electronics And
Telecommunications humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the
Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills and study
between the period from ……………………… to …………………….. as per
instructions/guidance of S.P. Jain mam
And that following students were associated with me for this work, however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other
literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date:- Signature of Student

1. Tejaswini Eknath Devare

2. Esha Dattatraya Joshi

3. Atharv Jitendra Khambayate

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4. Harsh Sunil Suryawanshi
 INDEX
Sr.no Content Page no
1. Introduction 5
2. Problem statement and objective 6
3. Connections and circuit diagram 7
4. Source code 10
6. Applications 12
7. Conclusion 13
8. Reference 14

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 Introduction

An Automatic Light Intensity Controller using Arduino Uno is a sophisticated system

designed to efficiently manage and regulate the luminosity of a space based on ambient
light conditions. In today's world, where energy conservation and automation are
paramount, this project serves as an exemplary embodiment of technological innovation.
The Arduino Uno microcontroller acts as the central intelligence, orchestrating the control
mechanism to optimize energy usage while ensuring optimal illumination.

The core functionality of this controller lies in its ability to dynamically adjust the
brightness of artificial lighting in response to the changing natural light levels. By
incorporating a photoresistor or a photodiode as a light sensor, the system continually
monitors the ambient light intensity. As the external light conditions fluctuate, the
Arduino Uno processes this data and modulates the output to the connected light source,
typically an LED or a set of LEDs.

This project finds diverse applications in both residential and commercial settings,
offering a seamless and energy-efficient lighting experience. The significance of such a
system extends beyond mere convenience, contributing significantly to sustainable energy
practices and cost reduction. As the demand for smart and eco-friendly solutions continues
to grow, the Automatic Light Intensity Controller using Arduino Uno emerges as a pivotal
innovation, aligning technology with the principles of environmental responsibility and
resource efficiency.

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 Problem Statement

In contemporary living environments, the need for efficient energy consumption is

paramount. Traditional lighting systems often lack adaptability to changing ambient light
conditions, resulting in unnecessary energy usage and higher electricity bills. To address
this issue, there is a demand for an intelligent lighting control system that can dynamically
adjust light intensity based on natural light levels, providing both optimal illumination and
energy conservation.

Objectives
1. Automatic Light Adjustment: Develop a system that can automatically adjust the
brightness of artificial lighting in response to changing external light conditions.

2. Energy Efficiency: Create a solution that maximizes energy efficiency by reducing

artificial light intensity when natural light is sufficient and vice versa.

3. User-Friendly Interface: Implement a user-friendly interface for easy control and

customization of the system, allowing users to set preferences and adjust parameters.

4. Integration with Arduino Uno: Utilize the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central
processing unit, ensuring a cost-effective and widely accessible solution.

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 Connections and circuit diagram

1. LED Connection:
- Connect the anode (longer leg) of the LED to digital pin 13 on your Arduino.
- Connect the cathode (shorter leg) of the LED to a current-limiting resistor (e.g., 220-
330 Ohms).
- Connect the other end of the resistor to the GND (Ground) pin on your Arduino.

2. LDR Connection:
- Connect one leg of the LDR to 5V on your Arduino.
- Connect thegother leg of the LDR to one leg of a resistor (e.g., 10k Oh
ms).
- Connect the other leg of the resistor to GND on your Arduino.

3. Analog Pin Connection:

- Connect the junction point between the LDR and the resistor to an analog pin on your
Arduino (e.g., A0).

Now, let's understand how it works:

- The LED on pin 13 will light up, and its brightness will be controlled based on the light
falling on the LDR.

- The LDR, in conjunction with the resistor, forms a voltage divider. The resistance of the
LDR changes with light intensity, causing the voltage at the junction point to vary.

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- This varying voltage is read by the analog pin on the Arduino. The analogRead()
function can be used to obtain this analog value.

- The Arduino can then adjust the brightness of the LED using PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) on pin 13. The brighter the light on the LDR, the higher the analog value, and
consequently, the brighter the LED.

Remember to write a program in the Arduino IDE to read the analog value and control the
LED brightness accordingly.

Regarding the junction point, it refers to the connection point between the LDR and the
resistor. The LDR and the resistor create a voltage divider circuit, and the junction point is
where the voltage is taken to be read by the analog pin on the Arduino.

1. LDR and Resistor Connection:

- One leg of the LDR is connected to 5V, and the other leg is connected to one leg of a
resistor.
- The other leg of the resistor is connected to GND, forming a series circuit.

2. Junction Point:
- The point where the LDR and the resistor connect is the junction point.
- This junction point is connected to the analog pin on the Arduino (e.g., A0).

3. Analog Reading:
- The analog pin reads the voltage at the junction point. The voltage changes based on
the resistance of the LDR, which, in turn, depends on the ambient light.

4. LED Connection:
- The LED is connected to pin 13 through a current-limiting resistor.
- The brightness of the LED is controlled by the analog value read from the LDR.
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I understand your frustration, and I'm here to help. Let's go step by step to ensure the
circuit and code work correctly. Please follow these instructions carefully:

Circuit Connections:
1. LED Connection:
- Connect the anode (longer leg) of the LED to digital pin 9 on your Arduino.
- Connect the cathode (shorter leg) of the LED to a current-limiting resistor (e.g., 220-
330 Ohms).
- Connect the other end of the resistor to the GND (Ground) pin on your Arduino.

2. LDR and Resistor Connection:

- Connect one leg of the LDR to 5V on your Arduino.
- Connect the other leg of the LDR to one leg of a resistor (e.g., 10k Ohms).
- Connect the other leg of the resistor to GND on your Arduino.
- Connect the junction point between the LDR and the resistor to analog pin A0 on your
Arduino.

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 Actual setup

Code:
//set pin numbers
//const won't change
const int ledPin = 13; //the number of the LED pin
const int ldrPin = A0; //the number of the LDR pin

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //initialize the LED pin as an output
pinMode(ldrPin, INPUT); //initialize the LDR pin as an input
}

void loop() {

int ldrStatus = analogRead(ldrPin); //read the status of the LDR value

//check if the LDR status is <= 300

//if it is, the LED is HIGH

if (ldrStatus <=300) {

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //turn LED on

Serial.println("LDR is DARK, LED is ON");

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 }
else {

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //turn LED off

Serial.println("---------------");
}
}

Instructions if anyone wants to try Genuity of this code

1. Copy the provided code.
2. Open the Arduino IDE on your computer.
3. Create a new sketch (File -> New).
4. Paste the code into the new sketch.
5. Connect your Arduino to your computer.
6. Select your Arduino board and port from the Tools menu.
7. Click the "Upload" button to upload the code to your Arduino.

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 Applications
1. Smart Homes:
- Seamlessly integrate into home automation for intelligent adjustment of indoor lighting
based on ambient light conditions, ensuring optimal illumination and energy savings.

2. Street Lighting Efficiency:

- Upgrade streetlights to automatically adjust brightness according to natural light,
enhancing road safety and reducing municipal energy costs.

3. Greenhouses
- Optimize plant growth in greenhouses by controlling artificial lighting, providing the
right amount of light without unnecessary energy consumption during daylight.

4. Office Efficiency
- Improve energy efficiency in offices by regulating lighting based on natural light
availability, creating a comfortable and sustainable workspace.

5. Museum Preservation
- Safeguard artifacts in museums with controlled exhibit lighting, preventing damage by
adjusting intensity based on ambient conditions.

6. Energy-Saving Streets:
- Retrofit street lighting for energy savings during low-traffic hours, combining safety
with reduced energy consumption.

7. Art Galleries:
- Preserve delicate artworks in galleries by providing appropriate lighting levels,
adjusting intensity based on external light conditions.

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 Conclusion

In summary, the automatic light intensity controller using Arduino Uno is a cutting-edge
solution for optimizing artificial lighting in response to changing ambient conditions.
With a focus on energy efficiency, user-friendliness, and sustainability, this project is
poised to revolutionize lighting systems in various settings, from homes to public spaces.

The integration of Arduino Uno ensures a cost-effective and widely accessible solution,
aligning with the project's commitment to making intelligent lighting control available to a
broad user base. The applications of this controller span diverse environments, addressing
safety concerns on streets, creating comfortable workspaces, and contributing to overall
energy conservation.

By emphasizing user-friendly interfaces, real-time monitoring, and cost-effective design,

the project not only provides a practical solution but also promotes awareness and
understanding of energy-efficient technologies. The commitment to educational outreach
enhances its impact, fostering a greener approach to lighting and contributing to
sustainable living practices.

In essence, the automatic light intensity controller represents a significant step towards a
more energy-conscious and technologically advanced future, where lighting adapts
intelligently to enhance efficiency, comfort, and environmental responsibility.

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 Reference
Chat GPT –

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