..Today Notes - 042714-1

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TODAY NOTES

PLANNING FOR INSTRUCTION


The success of all good teaching is sound planning. It is impossible for a teacher to perform effectively in
the classroom unless some thought has gone into the lesson beforehand. Part of include preparation of
syllabus, schemes of work, lesson plan and records of work covered.
Features of a syllabus
A syllabus is a document which contains all the topics

 Should have an aim relevant to the needs of the individual learner and society which the school
serves.
 It should contain a manageable amount of work, capable of being completed in the time allotted.
 It should take into account previous knowledge or skills, or lack of them, and the work intended
for the years.
 It should, where possible, be integrated or linked with other subjects in the school curriculum.

A syllabus is usually presented as a list of topics to be covered. The next stage of planning is to take each
topic and expand it into a series of lessons which will adequately cover the topics. Such series of lessons
is a scheme of work.
The schemes of work
The schemes of work The schemes of work is a detailed time plan for the subject content which is taught.
A scheme of work should:

 Break the subject matter into the order in which it is to be taught.


 Indicate the quantity of material which the pupils should cover in time allotted.
 Give an idea on the method to be used.

Functions of Schemes of Work


The following are the main functions of schemes of work:

 to help the teacher to have logical organization of the topics to be covered


 it coordinates the teaching of a subject by various teachers in the same school
 It helps in maintaining continuity in the teaching of the subject especially when a new teacher
takes over a class.
 Helps the ministry of education to maintain standards of teaching any subject in schools.
 From schemes of work, lesson plans are drawn

Elements of scheme of work


A scheme of work has the following elements:

 Week – it is important that all the work to be covered during the term including
examinations and revisions are planned for well in advance. For this reason the
teacher has to breakdown the content to be covered in a year into smaller sections to
be covered in a week, beginning from week one to the last week of the term.
 Topic/sub-topic – in most cases teachers cover more than one topic in a term.
Therefore the topic to be covered during the term should be specified.
 Lesson number – the lessons to be taught during the term should be numbered
sequentially per week or for the whole term.
 Lesson objectives – lesson objectives are very important because they enable the
teacher to evaluate the success of his teaching.
 Learning and teaching activities – the activities includes both the teachers’ and
pupils’ activities that are meant to enhance acquisition of skills and concepts during
the lesson. It is important that the teacher plans activities that will motivate the
students.
 Learning and teaching resources – the learning and teaching resources should be
identified early enough so that the teacher can arrange to secure them or plan for
improvisation where necessary.
 References
 Remarks section

Sample schemes of work 844

Wee Lesso Topic/ Conten Expected L, Materials/ Reference Remark


k n Sub t Learning Activitie Aids s s
Topic Outcome s
s
Sample Schemes of work CBC

Wee Lesso Stran Sub Specifi Learning Key Learnin Assessme reflectio
k n d stran c experienc Inquiry g nt n
d learnin es Questio resourc methods
g ns es
outcom
e

KIQ is question developed to help learning process..they are Qs which are thot provoking, and set
stage for further questioning.promote critical thinking and problem solving skills.
They probe deeper meaning,Set stage for further questioning,Makes learning authentic,Ask before
during or after the lesson
Takes the form what, who, where, why, which and how…should be grade,context,strand and sub
strand bound.
A lesson plan is a detailed plan of activity supposed to take place during a lesson. The teacher bases
the plan on certain amount of subject matter to be covered according to the schemes of work. The
teacher must take into account the level of the particular class to be taught.
Division of a lesson plan
The following points have to be considered when preparing a lesson plan:
1. Lesson objectives – the lesson objectives should always be stated in behavioral terms.
2. Introduction – this preparatory stage to a lesson and is sometimes referred to as
induction stage. The lesson should start with a bang; interest and attention should be
secured at the outset and the rest of lesson should try to maintain this interest. Every
lesson should not be introduced in same way; variety should be aimed at. Some
commonly used introduction are:
 Presenting the problem to be answered in the lesson.
 Reference to a picture, map, diagram specimen etc.
 Simple statement as what the lesson is about.
 Questions revising the work covered in the previous lesson
• Lesson development – lesson development is sometimes referred to as the main body of
the lesson. It is procedural because it progresses through steps.
 Step 1
 Step2
 Step 3

There are various T/L activities which involve the following

 directing observations in field work or educational visit


 a demonstration by teacher
 individual study by learner
 lecturing by teacher
 directing practical work by students in the laboratory

Conclusion of the Lesson – at the end of the lesson the teacher should summarize the work that has
been covered. This will assist in synthesizing various points so that the students can see the
interrelationships among concepts developed. The important points that should be remembered by the
learners should be stressed at this stage. Conclusion of lesson may take any of the following forms
• Summary of important points
• Drawing of the experimental arrangements used for demonstration
• Asking students to go and read more about the topic in selected textbooks
• Problem solving
Sample of a Lesson Plan

Time Lesson Learning Activities Resource References


Content s

Objectives
It is a purpose or an end stated in specific and measurable terms. It is a statement of what the learner is to
be like when he or she has successfully completed school or has undergone the learni activities or
experiences. It is an intended behaviour change that the learner is expected to exhibit after
undergoing a learning experience.. They describe what one can do as a result of having learnt and what
an observer can see the learner doing in order that he or she can judge whether or not learning has been
successfully achieved.
Importance of instructional objectives

 They provide the teacher with a basis for setting test and examinations ie provide standards for
measuring students achievement
 Guide in designing appropriate teaching strategies and methods
 Serve as a basis for selection of material and learning resources to be used (help in selection of
learning resources to be used in the classroom)
 Provide guidance for choosing subject matter or content to be taught
 Serve as a guide to the students ie help in guiding students on what is to be done
 Help to provide feedback to the teacher and the learner about observed behavior

Stating Instructional objectives


The instructional objectives must be SMART ie

 S ... specific
 M...measurable
 A…achievable
 R…realistic
 T…time bound

A well stated objective must have the following…elements

 Condition
 Audience
 Behavior
 Degree of performance

By the end of the lesson ( c), the Learner (A) should be able to differentiate/name (B) four out of
five (D P) topics in building construction accurately
NB
Use action verbs when stating lesson outcomes. Objectives

 Cbc The specific learning outcomes should be observable.


 Specific learning outcomes are agreeable to assessment….blooms taxonomy

Avoids vague terms like, know, know, understand, learn, be familiar with, be exposed to, be acquainted
with, and be aware of, demonstrate understanding.

Refer to KICD template


Records of work covered.
The record of work covered is important for the following reasons:

 It facilitates the smooth handing and take over process;


 It defines the area from which continuous assessment tests can be set;
 It enables the teacher to know the amounts of work covered in a subject. this makes it possible for
another teacher to step in temporarily should the need arise;
 It guides the head teacher in monitoring how teaching is proceeding in the school.

ACTIVITY.CAT2

1. DEVELOPING A SCHEME OF WORK FORMAT SAMPLE KYU TEMPLATE


2. DEVLOPING A LESSON PLAN FORMAT SAMPLE KYU TEMPLATE.
3. EXTRACTING TOPIC FROM THE SYLLABUS, DEVELOPING SCHEME OF WORK AND A 40 MINUTES
LESSON PLAN.

NB NEXT LECTURE/ACTIVITY:MICRO Teaching

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