Network Programming

Debaloy Chatterjee
 2

Table of Contents:
Header Files for Socket Programming: 4

sys/socket.h 4

sys/types.h, sys/stat.h and fcntl.h 4

unistd.h 4

arpa/inet.h 4

Basic Functions of Server and Client: 5

Internet Address Representation in C: 5

TCP Iterative Server: 5

Server Code Prototype: 7

Client Code Prototype: 9

TCP Programs: 11
Prog 01: Send string to and from server 11

Server Code: 11

Client Code: 12

Prog 02: Count no of vowels 14

Server Code: 14

Client Code: 16

Prog 03: String Reverse 18

Server Code: 18

Client Code: 20

Prog 04: String Length 22

Server Code: 22

Client Code: 24

Prog 05: Multiply Two Numbers 26

Server Code: 26

Client Code: 28

Prog 06: Extract Number From String 30

Server Code: 30

Client Code: 32
Prog 07: Send IP Address 34
 3

Server Code: 34

Client Code: 35

Prog 08: ASCII Sum 37

Server Code: 37
Client Code: 38
 4

Header Files for Socket Programming:

sys/socket.h
1. int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
domain:
Address Family: AF_INET, AF_INET6
Protocol Family: PF_INET, PF_INET6
type:
TCP: SOCK_STREAM
UDP: SOCK_DGRAM
protocol:
do “cat /etc/protocols” to look at all the protocols

eg:
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)

2. int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *myaddr, socklen_t addrlen)

3. int listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
4. int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen)
5. int connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *serv_addr, socklen_t addrlen)

sys/types.h, sys/stat.h and fcntl.h

1. int open(const char *path, int flag)

unistd.h
1. int close(int fd)
2. ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes)
3. ssize_t read(int fd, void *buff, size_t nbytes)

arpa/inet.h
1. unsigned long htonl(unsigned long) // for IP (host to network order)
2. unsigned short htons(unsigned short) // for Port (host to network)
3. unsigned long ntohl(unsigned long) // for IP (network to host)
4. unsigned short ntohs(unsigned short) // for Port (network to host)
5. unsigned long inet_addr(const char *addr) // returns decimal notation
6. inet_aton(“127.0.0.1”, &addr.sin_addr) // struct sockaddr_in addr;
7. char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr) // returns dotted notation IP

INADDR_ANY is a flag means IP address is not set, it can be any. Any client can connect.
 5

Basic Functions of Server and Client:

Server: socket, bind, listen, accept, read, write, close client, close server
Client: socket, connect, write, read, close

Internet Address Representation in C:

1. IP Address + Port
struct sockaddr_in {
sa_family_t sin_family;
uint16_t sin_port;
struct in_addr sin_addr;
char sin_zero[8];
};

2. IP Address
struct in_addr {
in_addr_t s_addr;
};

TCP Iterative Server:

For TCP client: socket, connect, write/read, close

 6

* In UDP Server, there is no need to call listen() and accept() functions.

 7

Server Code Prototype:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 6999

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd; // fd: file descriptor
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket binded.\n");

// listen
 8

if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client connected.\n");

// do client stuff

// close client connection

close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 9

Client Code Prototype:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 6999

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect to server
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect to server on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d", PORT);

// do stuff
 10

// close
close(sfd);
}
 11

TCP Programs:

Prog 01: Send string to and from server

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create the socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind the socket

if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind socket to local address.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket binded to local address.\n");
 12

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
} else printf("Server listening on PORT: %d", PORT);

char buffer[BUFFSIZE];

while (1) {
// accept connections
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("Client %d: %s", cfd, buffer);
strcpy(buffer, "Hello Client!");
write(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

// close client
close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 13

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create the socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket created.\n");

// connet to server
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);
return -1;
} else printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

printf("\n Enter a message for the server: ");

int n = 0;
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);
write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n Server: %s\n", buffer);

// clean up
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 14

Prog 02: Count no of vowels

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int isVowel(char letter) {

char vowel[5] = { 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' };

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

if (tolower(letter) == vowel[i]) return 1;

return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
 15

return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Binding successful.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int count = 0;
read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int n = 0;
while(buffer[n++] != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE)
if (isVowel(buffer[n])) count++;

sprintf(buffer, "%d", count);

write(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

// close client
close(cfd);
}
 16

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect on PORT: %d", PORT);
 17

return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int n = 0;
printf("\n Enter string: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);

write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n No of vowels: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 18

Prog 03: String Reverse

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind socket.\n");
return -1;
}
 19

printf("Socket binded.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client connected.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int len = strlen(buffer);
char result[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(result, sizeof(result));

int n = 0;
for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
result[n] = buffer[i];
n++;
}

write(cfd, result, sizeof(result));

// close client connection

close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 20

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect to server
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);
return -1;
}
 21

printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
int n = 0;
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

printf("Enter a string: ");

while ((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);

write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

printf("\nReply from server: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);

return 0;
}
 22

Prog 04: String Length

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind.\n");
return -1;
}
 23

printf("Binding successful.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int count = 0;
read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int tempLen = strlen(buffer);
int len = 0, index = 0;
while (buffer[index] != '\n') {
if (buffer[index] != ' ') len++;
index++;
}

char tempBuffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer));

// converting len into string

int i = 0;
while (len > 0) {
int digit = len % 10;
tempBuffer[i++] = (char)(digit + 48);
len /= 10;
}
i--;

bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 24

int j = 0;
while(i >= 0)
buffer[j++] = tempBuffer[i--];

write(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

// close client
close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
 25

sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int n = 0;
printf("\n Enter string: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);
write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n String length: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 26

Prog 05: Multiply Two Numbers

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind socket.\n");
return -1;
}
 27

printf("Socket binded.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d\n", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client connected.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

if (read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) < 0) {

perror("Failed to read number 1 from client.\n");
return -1;
}
int n1 = atoi(buffer);

bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

if (read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) < 0) {

perror("Failed to read number 2 from client.\n");
return -1;
}
int n2 = atoi(buffer);

bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int res = n1 * n2, len = 0;

while (res > 0) {

int rem = res % 10;
buffer[len++] = (char)(rem + 48);
res /= 10;
}
 28

char reply[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(reply, sizeof(reply));
int n = 0;

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)

reply[n++] = buffer[i];

if (write(cfd, reply, sizeof(reply)) < 0) {

perror("Failed to write data to client.\n");
return -1;
}

// close client connection

close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001
#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);
 29

server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect to server
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
int n = 0;
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n Enter number 1: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n');
write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
n = 0;
printf("\n Enter number 2: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n');
write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

printf("\n Result from server: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 30

Prog 06: Extract Number From String

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind.\n");
return -1;
}
 31

printf("Binding successful.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int n = 0, index = 0;
char result[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(result, sizeof(result));

while(buffer[n++] != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE)

if (isdigit(buffer[n])) {
result[index++] = buffer[n];
}

write(cfd, result, sizeof(result));

// close client
close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 32

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
 33

bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int n = 0;
printf("\n Enter string: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);

write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n Number string: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 34

Prog 07: Send IP Address

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create the socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
char host[] = "127.0.0.1";
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind the socket

if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind socket to local address.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket binded to local address.\n");

// listen
 35

if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
} else printf("Server listening on PORT: %d", PORT);

char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
while (1) {
// accept connections
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
strcpy(buffer, host);
write(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

// close client
close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create the socket info struct
 36

struct sockaddr_in server_info;

int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
char host[] = "127.0.0.1";
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
} else printf("Socket created.\n");

// connet to server
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);
return -1;
} else printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("\n Server IP: %s\n", buffer);

// clean up
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
 37

Prog 08: ASCII Sum

Server Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd, cfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// bind socket
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
perror("Failed to bind.\n");
return -1;
}
 38

printf("Binding successful.\n");

// listen
if (listen(sfd, 5) < 0) {
printf("Failed to listen on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Listening on PORT: %d\n", PORT);

while (1) {
// accept
cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_info, &client_info_len);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to accept client.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Client accepted.\n");

// do client stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int sum = 0;
read(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

int n = 0;
while(buffer[n++] != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE)
sum += (int)(buffer[n]);

sprintf(buffer, "%d", sum);

write(cfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

// close client
close(cfd);
}

// close server
close(sfd);
return 0;
}

Client Code:
#include <stdio.h>
 39

#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUFFSIZE 256

#define PORT 5000
#define LOCALHOST 0x7f000001

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

// create socket info struct
struct sockaddr_in server_info, client_info;
int sfd;
socklen_t server_info_len, client_info_len;

server_info.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_info.sin_port = htons(PORT);
server_info.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(LOCALHOST);

server_info_len = sizeof(server_info);
client_info_len = sizeof(client_info);

// create socket
sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sfd < 0) {
perror("Failed to create socket.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created.\n");

// connect
if (connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_info, server_info_len) < 0) {
printf("Failed to connect on PORT: %d", PORT);
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to server on PORT: %d", PORT);

// do stuff
char buffer[BUFFSIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 40

int n = 0;
printf("\n Enter string: ");
while((buffer[n++] = getchar()) != '\n' && n < BUFFSIZE);

write(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

read(sfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));

printf("\n ASCII SUM: %s", buffer);

// close
close(sfd);
return 0;
}