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SQB Math

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

498 views263 pages

SQB Math

Uploaded by

Adkhamjon Norkulov

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

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Question ID 548a4929

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 548a4929

The function is defined by . The graph of in the xy-plane has an x-intercept at and a y-
intercept at , where and are constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 548a4929 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The x-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where . It's given that function
is defined by . Therefore, the equation representing the graph of is . Substituting
for in the equation yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane
is . It's given that the x-intercept of the graph of is . Therefore, . The y-intercept of a graph in
the xy-plane is the point on the graph where . Substituting for in the equation yields ,
or . Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane is . It's given that the y-intercept of the
graph of is . Therefore, . If and , then the value of is , or .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 2b15d65f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 2b15d65f

An economist modeled the demand Q for a certain product as a linear function of

the selling price P. The demand was 20,000 units when the selling price was $40
per unit, and the demand was 15,000 units when the selling price was $60 per unit.
Based on the model, what is the demand, in units, when the selling price is $55 per
unit?

A. 16,250

B. 16,500

C. 16,750

D. 17,500

ID: 2b15d65f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Let the economist’s model be the linear function , where Q is the demand, P is the selling
price, m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the line in the xy-plane, where . Two pairs
of the selling price P and the demand Q are given. Using the coordinate pairs , two points that satisfy the function are

and . The slope m of the function can be found using the formula . Substituting

the given values into this formula yields , or . Therefore, . The value of
b can be found by substituting one of the points into the function. Substituting the values of P and Q from the point
yields , or . Adding 10,000 to both sides of this equation
yields . Therefore, the linear function the economist used as the model is . Substituting
55 for P yields . It follows that when the selling price is $55 per unit, the demand is
16,250 units.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation or conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9654add7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 9654add7

The revenue , in dollars, that a company receives from sales of a product is

given by the function f above, where x is the unit price, in dollars, of the product.
The graph of in the xy-plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does a
represent?

A. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0

B. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue

C. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0

D. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make

ID: 9654add7 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. By definition, the y-value when a function intersects the x-axis is 0. It’s given that the graph of the
function intersects the x-axis at 0 and a, that x is the unit price, in dollars, of a product, and that , where , is the
revenue, in dollars, that a company receives from the sales of the product. Since the value of a occurs when , a is the
unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0.

Choice A is incorrect. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0 is represented by , when .
Choice B is incorrect. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue is represented by the x-
coordinate of the maximum of f. Choice D is incorrect. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make is
represented by the y-coordinate of the maximum of f.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4a0d0399
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 4a0d0399

The function is defined by , where and are constants. In the -plane, the graph of has an -
intercept at and a -intercept at . What is the value of ?

ID: 4a0d0399 Answer

Correct Answer: -324

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the function is defined by , where and are constants. It's
also given that the graph of has a y-intercept at . It follows that . Substituting for and
for in yields , or . Subtracting from each side of this equation
yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 926c246b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 926c246b

The equation above estimates the global data traffic D, in terabytes, for the year
that is t years after 2010. What is the best interpretation of the number 5,640 in
this context?

A. The estimated amount of increase of data traffic, in terabytes, each year

B. The estimated percent increase in the data traffic, in terabytes, each year

C. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010

D. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010

ID: 926c246b Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Since t represents the number of years after 2010, the estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010 can be
calculated using the given equation when . Substituting 0 for t in the given equation yields , or
. Thus, 5,640 represents the estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010.

Choice A is incorrect. Since the equation is exponential, the amount of increase of data traffic each year isn’t constant.
Choice B is incorrect. According to the equation, the percent increase in data traffic each year is 90%. Choice C is incorrect.
The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010 is represented by D, not the number 5,640.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 252a3b3a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 252a3b3a

Which of the following could be the equation of the graph shown in the xy-plane?

D. msup

ID: 252a3b3a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Each of the given choices is an equation of the form , where , , , and
are positive constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of an equation of this form has x-intercepts at , , and
. The graph shown has x-intercepts at , , and . Therefore, and . Of the given
choices, only choices A and B have and . For an equation in the form , if all
values of that are less than or greater than correspond to negative y-values, then the sum of all the exponents of the
factors on the right-hand side of the equation is even. In the graph shown, all values of less than or greater than
correspond to negative y-values. Therefore, the sum of all the exponents of the factors on the right-hand side of the
equation must be even. For choice A, the sum of these exponents is , or , which
is odd. For choice B, the sum of these exponents is , or , which is even. Therefore,
could be the equation of the graph shown.

Choice A is incorrect. For the graph of this equation, all values of less than correspond to positive, not negative, y-
values.

Choice C is incorrect. The graph of this equation has x-intercepts at , , and , rather than x-intercepts at
, , and .

Choice D is incorrect. The graph of this equation has x-intercepts at , , and , rather than x-intercepts at
, , and .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 5c00c2c1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 5c00c2c1

There were no jackrabbits in Australia before 1788 when 24 jackrabbits were

introduced. By 1920 the population of jackrabbits had reached 10 billion. If the
population had grown exponentially, this would correspond to a 16.2% increase, on
average, in the population each year. Which of the following functions best models
the population of jackrabbits t years after 1788?

ID: 5c00c2c1 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. This exponential growth model can be written in the form , where is the population t
years after 1788, A is the initial population, and r is the yearly growth rate, expressed as a decimal. Since there were 24
jackrabbits in Australia in 1788, . Since the number of jackrabbits increased by an average of 16.2% each year,

. Therefore, the equation that best models this situation is .

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the form of an exponential growth model.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a7711fe8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a7711fe8

What is the minimum value of the function f

defined by ?

C. 2

D. 4

ID: a7711fe8 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The given quadratic function f is in vertex form, , where is the vertex of the

graph of in the xy-plane. Therefore, the vertex of the graph of is . In addition, the y-coordinate of
the vertex represents either the minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function, depending on whether the graph of the
function opens upward or downward. Since the leading coefficient of f (the coefficient of the term ) is 1, which is
positive, the graph of opens upward. It follows that at , the minimum value of the function f is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from making a sign error and from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice D is incorrect and may result from making a sign
error.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a8ae0d22
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a8ae0d22

Two variables, and , are related such that for each increase of in the value of , the value of increases by a factor of .
When , . Which equation represents this relationship?

A. msup

B. msup

C. msup

D. msup

ID: a8ae0d22 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Since the value of increases by a constant factor, , for each increase of in the value of , the
relationship between and is exponential. An exponential relationship between and can be represented by an equation
of the form , where is the value of when and increases by a factor of for each increase of in the
value of . Since when , . Since increases by a factor of for each increase of in the value of ,
. Substituting for and for in the equation yields . Thus, the equation
represents the relationship between and .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a relationship where for each increase of in the value of , the value of
increases by a factor of , not , and when , is equal to , not .

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4993b828
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 4993b828

The area , in square centimeters, of a rectangular cutting board can be represented by the expression , where
is the width, in centimeters, of the cutting board. Which expression represents the length, in centimeters, of the cutting
board?

ID: 4993b828 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that the expression represents the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangular
cutting board, where is the width, in centimeters, of the cutting board. The area of a rectangle can be calculated by
multiplying its length by its width. It follows that the length, in centimeters, of the cutting board is represented by the
expression .

Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the area, in square centimeters, of the cutting board, not its length, in
centimeters.

Choice B is incorrect. This expression represents the width, in centimeters, of the cutting board, not its length.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the length, in centimeters, and the width, in centimeters, of the cutting
board, not its length, in centimeters.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 4d037075
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 4d037075

The rational function is defined by an equation in the form , where and are constants. The partial graph of
is shown. If , which equation could define function ?

ID: 4d037075 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that and that the graph shown is a partial graph of . Substituting for
in the equation yields . The graph passes through the point . Substituting for
and for in the equation yields . Multiplying each side of this equation by yields
, or . The graph also passes through the point . Substituting for and for
in the equation yields . Multiplying each side of this equation by yields , or
. Substituting for in this equation yields . Adding to each side of this
equation yields . Subtracting from each side of this equation yields . Dividing each side of this
equation by yields . Substituting for in the equation yields , or . Substituting
for and for in the equation yields . It's given that . Substituting for
in the equation yields , which is equivalent to . It follows that
.

Choice A is incorrect. This could define function if .

Choice B is incorrect. This could define function if .

Choice D is incorrect. This could define function if .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 43926bd9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 43926bd9

For the exponential function f, the table above shows several values of x and their corresponding values of , where a

is a constant greater than 1. If k is a constant and , what is the value of k ?

ID: 43926bd9 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. The values of for the exponential function f shown in the table increase by a factor of for

each increase of 1 in x. This relationship can be represented by the equation , where b is a constant. It’s given

that when , . Substituting 2 for x and for into yields . Since

, it follows that . Thus, an equation that defines the function f is . It follows that the value

of k such that can be found by solving the equation , which yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3918e8bc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 3918e8bc

An object is kicked from a platform. The equation represents this situation, where is the height of
the object above the ground, in meters, seconds after it is kicked. Which number represents the height, in meters, from
which the object was kicked?

ID: 3918e8bc Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that the equation represents this situation, where is the height, in
meters, of the object seconds after it is kicked. It follows that the height, in meters, from which the object was kicked is the
value of when . Substituting for in the equation yields , or
. Therefore, the object was kicked from a height of meters.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID b73ee6cf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b73ee6cf

The population of a town is currently 50,000, and the population is estimated to

increase each year by 3% from the previous year. Which of the following equations
can be used to estimate the number of years, t, it will take for the population of the
town to reach 60,000 ?

ID: b73ee6cf Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Stating that the population will increase each year by 3% from the previous year is equivalent to saying
that the population each year will be 103% of the population the year before. Since the initial population is 50,000, the
population after t years is given by 50,000(1.03)t. It follows that the equation 60,000 = 50,000(1.03)t can be used to estimate
the number of years it will take for the population to reach 60,000.

Choice A is incorrect. This equation models how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to 50,000, which is
impossible given the growth factor. Choice B is incorrect and may result from misinterpreting a 3% growth as growth by a
factor of 3. Additionally, this equation attempts to model how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to
50,000. Choice C is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to model percent growth by multiplying the initial
amount by a factor greater than 1.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6f5540a5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 6f5540a5

Kao measured the temperature of a cup of hot chocolate placed in a room with a
constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The temperature of the hot
chocolate was 185°F at 6:00 p.m. when it started cooling. The temperature of the
hot chocolate was 156°F at 6:05 p.m. and 135°F at 6:10 p.m. The hot chocolate’s
temperature continued to decrease. Of the following functions, which best models
the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit, of Kao’s hot chocolate m minutes
after it started cooling?

ID: 6f5540a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The hot chocolate cools from 185°F over time, never going lower than the room temperature, 70°F. Since
the base of the exponent in this function, 0.75, is less than 1, decreases as time increases. Using the function, the

temperature, in °F, at 6:00 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to . The temperature, in °F, at

6:05 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately 156°F. Finally, the

temperature, in °F, at 6:10 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately 135°F.
Since these three given values of m and their corresponding values for can be verified using the function

, this is the best function out of the given choices to model the temperature of Kao’s hot
chocolate after m minutes.
Choice A is incorrect because the base of the exponent, , results in the value of increasing over time rather than
decreasing. Choice B is incorrect because when m is large enough, becomes less than 70. Choice C is incorrect
because the maximum value of at 6:00 p.m. is 115°F, not 185°F.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0e61101e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 0e61101e

The function is defined by the given equation. If , which of the following equations defines the function
?

ID: 0e61101e Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Substituting for in gives

. Rewriting this equation using properties of exponents gives , which is
equivalent to . Multiplying and in this equation gives . Since
, .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b7cd6ca6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b7cd6ca6

The equation gives the estimated number of employees at a restaurant, where is the number of years
since the restaurant opened. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the number in this context?

A. The estimated number of employees when the restaurant opened

B. The increase in the estimated number of employees each year

C. The number of years the restaurant has been open

D. The percent increase in the estimated number of employees each year

ID: b7cd6ca6 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. For an exponential function of the form , where and are constants, the initial value of
the function—that is, the value of the function when —is and the value of the function increases by a factor of each
time increases by . Since the function gives the estimated number of employees at a restaurant and is
the number of years since the restaurant opened, the best interpretation of the number in this context is the estimated
number of employees when , or when the restaurant opened.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 4b642eef
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 4b642eef

The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a straight line can
be modeled by a quadratic function that is defined in terms of t, where t is the time
in seconds. At a time of 10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is
50.0 meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the
object is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0 meters when , then
what is the total distance traveled, in meters, by the object after 30.0 seconds?

ID: 4b642eef Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 450. The quadratic equation that models this situation can be written in the form ,
where a, b, and c are constants. It’s given that the distance, d, the object traveled was 0 meters when seconds. These

values can be substituted into the equation to solve for a, b, and c: . Therefore, , and it follows that

. Since it’s also given that d is 50 when t is 10 and d is 200 when t is 20, these values for d and t can be

substituted to create a system of two linear equations: and , or

and . Subtracting the first equation from the second equation yields , or . Substituting for a

in the first equation and solving for b yields . Therefore, the equation that represents this situation is .

Evaluating this function when seconds yields , or meters.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dba7432e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: dba7432e

x f(x)

0 5

The table above gives the values of the function f for some values of x. Which
of the following equations could define f ?

ID: dba7432e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Each choice has a function with coefficient 5 and base 2, so the exponents must be analyzed. When the
input value of x increases, the output value of f(x) decreases, so the exponent must be negative. An exponent of –x yields

the values in the table: , , , and .

Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from choosing equations that yield an increasing, rather than decreasing,
output value of f(x) when the input value of x increases. Choice C is incorrect and may result from choosing an equation that
doesn’t yield the values in the table.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 84e8cc72
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 84e8cc72

A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the
object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has an initial height of feet above the ground
and reaches its maximum height of feet above the ground seconds after being launched. Based on the model, what
is the height, in feet, of the object above the ground seconds after being launched?

ID: 84e8cc72 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. This quadratic function can be defined by an
equation of the form , where is the height of the object seconds after it was launched, and ,
, and are constants such that the function reaches its maximum value, , when . Since the model indicates the
object reaches its maximum height of feet above the ground seconds after being launched, reaches its
maximum value, , when . Therefore, and . Substituting for and for in the function
yields . Since the model indicates the object has an initial height of
feet above the ground, the value of is when . Substituting for and for in the equation
yields , or . Subtracting from both sides of
this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the model can be
represented by the equation . Substituting for in this equation yields
, or . Therefore, based on the model, seconds after being launched, the
height of the object above the ground is feet.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1178f2df
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 1178f2df

The table shows three values of and their corresponding values of , where and is a quadratic function.
What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?

ID: 1178f2df Answer

Correct Answer: -2112

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that is a quadratic function. It follows that can be defined by an equation of the
form , where , , and are constants. It's also given that the table shows three values of and
their corresponding values of , where . Substituting for in this equation yields
. This equation represents a quadratic relationship between and , where is either the
maximum or the minimum value of , which occurs when . For quadratic relationships between and , the maximum
or minimum value of occurs at the value of halfway between any two values of that have the same corresponding
value of . The table shows that x-values of and correspond to the same y-value, . Since is halfway between
and , the maximum or minimum value of occurs at an x-value of . The table shows that when , . It
follows that and . Subtracting from both sides of the equation yields . Substituting
for and for in the equation yields , or . The
value of can be found by substituting any x-value and its corresponding y-value for and , respectively, in this equation.
Substituting for and for in this equation yields , or . Subtracting from
both sides of this equation yields , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields .
Substituting for , for , and for in the equation yields .
The y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where . Substituting for in the
equation yields , or . This is equivalent to
, so the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane is . Thus, the y-coordinate of the y-
intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 70ebd3d0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 70ebd3d0

The function N defined above can be used to model the number of species of
brachiopods at various ocean depths d, where d is in hundreds of meters. Which of
the following does the model predict?

A. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.

B. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.

C. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.

D. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.

ID: 70ebd3d0 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The function N is exponential, so it follows that changes by a fixed percentage for each increase in
d by 1. Since d is measured in hundreds of meters, it also follows that the number of brachiopod species changes by a fixed
percentage for each increase in ocean depth by 100 meters. Since the base of the exponent in the model is 0.90, which is
less than 1, the number of brachiopod species decreases as the ocean depth increases. Specifically, the number of
brachiopod species at a depth of meters is 90% of the number of brachiopod species at a depth of d meters. This
means that for each increase in ocean depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.

Choices A and C are incorrect. These describe situations where the number of brachiopod species are decreasing linearly
rather than exponentially. Choice B is incorrect and results from interpreting the decrease in the number of brachiopod
species as 10% for every 1-meter increase in ocean depth rather than for every 100-meter increase in ocean depth.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 4209aefe
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 4209aefe

The function models the value, in dollars, of a certain bank account by the end of each year from
through , where is the number of years after . Which of the following is the best interpretation of “ is
approximately equal to ” in this context?

A. The value of the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars greater in than in .

B. The value of the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars in .

C. The value, in dollars, of the bank account is estimated to be approximately times greater in than in .

D. The value of the bank account is estimated to increase by approximately dollars every years between and
.

ID: 4209aefe Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that the function models the value, in dollars, of a certain bank account
by the end of each year from through , where is the number of years after . It follows that represents
the estimated value, in dollars, of the bank account years after . Since the value of is the value of when
, it follows that “ is approximately equal to ” means that is approximately equal to when . In
the given context, this means that the value of the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars years after
. Therefore, the best interpretation of the statement “ is approximately equal to ” in this context is the value of
the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars in .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID e1391dd6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: e1391dd6

According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors included on microprocessors

doubles every 2 years. In 1985, a microprocessor was introduced that had 275,000
transistors. Based on this information, in which of the following years does
Moore’s law estimate the number of transistors to reach 1.1 million?

A. 1987

B. 1989

C. 1991

D. 1994

ID: e1391dd6 Answer

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Let x be the number of years after 1985. It follows that represents the number of 2-year periods that
will occur within an x-year period. According to Moore’s law, every 2 years, the number of transistors included on

microprocessors is estimated to double. Therefore, x years after 1985, the number of transistors will double times. Since
the number of transistors included on a microprocessor was 275,000, or .275 million, in 1985, the estimated number of

transistors, in millions, included x years after 1985 can be modeled as . The year in which the number of

transistors is estimated to be 1.1 million is represented by the value of x when . Dividing both sides of this

equation by .275 yields , which can be rewritten as . Since the exponential equation has equal bases on

each side, it follows that the exponents must also be equal: . Multiplying both sides of the equation by 2
yields . Therefore, according to Moore’s law, 4 years after 1985, or in 1989, the number of transistors included on
microprocessors is estimated to reach 1.1 million.

Alternate approach: According to Moore’s law, 2 years after 1985 (in 1987), the number of transistors included on a
microprocessor is estimated to be , or 550,000, and 2 years after 1987 (in 1989), the number of transistors
included on microprocessors is estimated to be , or 1,100,000. Therefore, the year that Moore’s law estimates
the number of transistors on microprocessors to reach 1.1 million is 1989.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors included on microprocessors is
estimated to reach 550,000 in 1987, 2.2 million in 1991, and about 6.2 million in 1994.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 635f54ee
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 635f54ee

The surface area of a cube is , where a is a positive constant. Which of the

following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?

ID: 635f54ee Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. A cube has 6 faces of equal area, so if the total surface area of a cube is , then the area of one

face is . Likewise, the area of one face of a cube is the square of one of its edges; therefore, if the area of one face is

, then the length of one edge of the cube is . Since the perimeter of one face of a cube is four times the length of

one edge, the perimeter is .

Choice A is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is , then the total surface area of the cube is

, which is not . Choice C is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is 4a, then

the total surface area of the cube is , which is not . Choice D is incorrect because if the perimeter of

one face of the cube is 6a, then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c7a187a7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: c7a187a7

If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is an x-intercept of the graph?

ID: c7a187a7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that . The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points where . Thus, for
an x-intercept of the graph of function , . Substituting for in the equation yields
. Factoring the right-hand side of this equation yields . By the zero product
property, and . Subtracting from both sides of the equation yields .
Adding to both sides of the equation yields . Therefore, the x-intercepts of the graph of
are and . Of these two x-intercepts, only is given as a choice.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 100030d9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 100030d9

A rubber ball bounces upward one-half the height that it falls each time it hits the
ground. If the ball was originally dropped from a distance of 20.0 feet above the
ground, what was its maximum height above the ground, in feet, between the third
and fourth time it hit the ground?

ID: 100030d9 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 2.5. After hitting the ground once, the ball bounces to feet. After hitting the ground a
second time, the ball bounces to feet. After hitting the ground for the third time, the ball bounces to
feet. Note that 2.5 and 5/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 281a4f3b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 281a4f3b

A certain college had 3,000 students enrolled in 2015. The college predicts that
after 2015, the number of students enrolled each year will be 2% less than the
number of students enrolled the year before. Which of the following functions
models the relationship between the number of students enrolled, , and the
number of years after 2015, x ?

ID: 281a4f3b Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Because the change in the number of students decreases by the same percentage each year, the
relationship between the number of students and the number of years can be modeled with a decreasing exponential
function in the form , where is the number of students, a is the number of students in 2015, r is the rate
of decrease each year, and x is the number of years since 2015. It’s given that 3,000 students were enrolled in 2015 and that
the rate of decrease is predicted to be 2%, or 0.02. Substituting these values into the decreasing exponential function yields
, which is equivalent to .

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors when translating the given information into a
decreasing exponential function.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 84dd43f8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 84dd43f8

For the function , , and for each increase in by , the value of decreases by . What is the value of
?

ID: 84dd43f8 Answer

Correct Answer: 3.44, 86/25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that and that for each increase in by , the value of decreases by
. Because the output of the function decreases by a constant percentage for each -unit increase in the value of , this
relationship can be represented by an exponential function of the form , where represents the initial value of
the function and represents the rate of decay,
expressed as a decimal. Because , the value of must be . Because the value of decreases by for
each -unit increase in , the value of must be , or . Therefore, the function can be defined by
. Substituting for in this function yields , which is equivalent to ,
or . Either or may be entered as the correct answer.

Alternate approach: It’s given that and that for each increase in by , the value of decreases by .
Therefore, when , the value of is , or , of , which can be expressed as . Since
, the value of is . Similarly, when , the value of is of , which can be
expressed as . Since , the value of is . Either or may be entered
as the correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 58dcc59f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 58dcc59f

A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The length of the garden is to be 5

feet longer than the width. If the area of the garden will be 104 square feet, what
will be the length, in feet, of the garden?

ID: 58dcc59f Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 13. Let w represent the width of the rectangular garden, in feet. Since the length of the garden will be 5
feet longer than the width of the garden, the length of the garden will be feet. Thus the area of the garden will be

. It is also given that the area of the garden will be 104 square feet. Therefore, , which is equivalent

to . Factoring this equation results in . Therefore, and . Because

width cannot be negative, the width of the garden must be 8 feet. This means the length of the garden must be
feet.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 90bcaa61
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 90bcaa61

The function gives the number of bacteria in a population minutes after an initial observation. How
much time, in minutes, does it take for the number of bacteria in the population to double?

ID: 90bcaa61 Answer

Correct Answer: 410

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that minutes after an initial observation, the number of bacteria in a population is
. This expression consists of the initial number of bacteria, , multiplied by the expression . The time
it takes for the number of bacteria to double is the increase in the value of that causes the expression to double. Since
the base of the expression is , the expression will double when the exponent increases by . Since the exponent
of the expression is , the exponent will increase by when increases by . Therefore the time, in minutes, it
takes for the number of bacteria in the population to double is .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 70753f99
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 70753f99

The function f is defined by . The graph of f in the xy-plane is

a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the x-coordinate of the vertex
of the graph of f ?

ID: 70753f99 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is a parabola. The axis of symmetry of the parabola
passes through the vertex of the parabola. Therefore, the vertex of the parabola and the midpoint of the segment between
the two x-intercepts of the graph have the same x-coordinate. Since , the x-coordinate of the vertex is

. Of the shown intervals, only the interval in choice B contains –2. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and
may result from either calculation errors or misidentification of the graph’s x-intercepts.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d71f6dbf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: d71f6dbf

The height, in feet, of an object x seconds after it is thrown straight up in the air can
be modeled by the function . Based on the model, which

of the following statements best interprets the equation ?

A. The height of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.64 feet.

B. The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.4 feet.

C. The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately 1.4 times as great as its
initial height.

D. The speed of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately 1.64 feet per second.

ID: d71f6dbf Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The value 1.4 is the value of x, which represents the number of seconds after the object was thrown
straight up in the air. When the function h is evaluated for x = 1.4, the function has a value of 1.64, which is the height, in feet,
of the object.

Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from misidentifying seconds as feet and feet as seconds. Additionally, choice
C may result from incorrectly including the initial height of the object as the input x. Choice D is incorrect and may result
from misidentifying height as speed.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 92f812bb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 92f812bb

In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex and intersects the x-axis at two points. If the equation of the parabola is
written in the form , where , , and are constants, which of the following could be the value of
?

ID: 92f812bb Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The equation of a parabola in the xy-plane can be written in the form , where is a
constant and is the vertex of the parabola. If is positive, the parabola will open upward, and if is negative, the
parabola will open downward. It’s given that the parabola has vertex . Substituting for and for in the
equation gives , which can be rewritten as , or
. Distributing the factor of on the right-hand side of this equation yields
. Therefore, the equation of the parabola, , can be written in
the form , where , , and . Substituting for and for in
the expression yields , or . Since the vertex of the parabola, , is
below the x-axis, and it’s given that the parabola intersects the x-axis at two points, the parabola must open upward.
Therefore, the constant must have a positive value. Setting the expression equal to the value in choice D yields
. Adding to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by
yields , which is a positive value. Therefore, if the equation of the parabola is written in the form ,
where , , and are constants, the value of could be .

Choice A is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at is written in the form , where
, , and are constants and , then the value of will be negative, which means the parabola will open
downward, not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.

Choice B is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at is written in the form , where
, , and are constants and , then the value of will be negative, which means the parabola will open
downward, not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.

Choice C is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at is written in the form , where
, , and are constants and , then the value of will be , which is inconsistent with the equation of a
parabola.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1f353a9e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 1f353a9e

The given function models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at the end of each year, where
represents the number of years since the end of , and . If is graphed in the ty-plane, which of the
following is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?

A. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .

B. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .

C. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .

D. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .

ID: 1f353a9e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the ty-plane is the point where . For the given function , the y-
intercept of the graph of in the ty-plane can be found by substituting for in the equation ,
which gives . This is equivalent to , or . Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of
is . It’s given that the function models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at
the end of each year. Therefore, represents the estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at
the end of each year. It's also given that represents the number of years since the end of . Therefore, represents
years since the end of , or the end of . Thus, the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of
is that the estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 67f4b449
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 67f4b449

The function gives the area of a rectangle, , if its width is and its length is times its
width. Which of the following is the best interpretation of ?

A. If the width of the rectangle is , then the area of the rectangle is .

B. If the width of the rectangle is , then the length of the rectangle is .

C. If the width of the rectangle is , then the length of the rectangle is .

D. If the width of the rectangle is , then the area of the rectangle is .

ID: 67f4b449 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The function gives the area of the rectangle, in , if its width is . Since the value of is the
value of if , it follows that means that is if . In the given context, this
means that if the width of the rectangle is , then the area of the rectangle is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from interpreting as the width, in , of the rectangle if its area is , rather than
as the area, in , of the rectangle if its width is .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID d675744f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: d675744f

Which of the following is the graph in the xy-

plane of the given equation?

ID: d675744f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of an equation is the point , where b is the value of y when . For
the given equation, when . It follows that the y-intercept of the graph of the given equation is . Additionally,
for the given equation, the value of y doubles for each increase of 1 in the value of x. Therefore, the graph contains the points
, , , and . Only the graph shown in choice D passes through these points.

Choices A and B are incorrect because these are graphs of decreasing, not increasing, exponential functions. Choice C is
incorrect because the value of y increases by a growth factor greater than 2 for each increase of 1 in the value of x.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 735a0a00
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 735a0a00

The equation gives the estimated stock price , in dollars, for a certain company days after a new product launched, where
. Which statement is the best interpretation of in this context?

A. The company's estimated stock price increased every day after the new product launched.

B. The company's estimated stock price increased every days after the new product launched.

C. day after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is .

D. days after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is .

ID: 735a0a00 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. In the given equation, represents the number of days after a new product launched, where
, and represents the estimated stock price, in dollars, for a certain company. Therefore, the best interpretation
of in this context is that day after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID b7c74b73
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b7c74b73

The function gives the value, in dollars, of a certain piece of equipment after months of use. If the value of the
equipment decreases each year by of its value the preceding year, what is the value of ?

ID: b7c74b73 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. For a function of the form , where , , and are constants and , the value of
decreases by for every increase of by . In the given function, , , and .
Therefore, for the given function, the value of decreases by , or , for every increase of by .
Since represents the value, in dollars, of the equipment after months of use, it follows that the value of the equipment
decreases every months by of its value the preceding months. Since there are months in a year, the value of
the equipment decreases each year by of its value the preceding year. Thus, the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6ecdbcb4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 6ecdbcb4

The function is given. Which table of values represents ?

ID: 6ecdbcb4 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Substituting

for in the equation yields . Substituting
for in this equation yields , or . Substituting for in the equation
yields , or . Substituting for in the
equation yields , or . Therefore, when
then , when then , and when then . Thus, the table of values in choice B represents
.

Choice A is incorrect. This table represents rather than .

Choice C is incorrect. This table represents rather than .

Choice D is incorrect. This table represents rather than .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 9afe2370
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 9afe2370
The population P of a certain city y years after the last census is modeled by the equation below, where r is a constant
and is the population when .

If during this time the population of the city decreases by a fixed percent each year,
which of the following must be true?

ID: 9afe2370 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The term (1 + r) represents a percent change. Since the population is decreasing, the percent change
must be between 0% and 100%. When the percent change is expressed as a decimal rather than as a percent, the percentage
change must be between 0 and 1. Because (1 + r) represents percent change, this can be expressed as 0 < 1 + r < 1.
Subtracting 1 from all three terms of this compound inequality results in –1 < r < 0.

Choice A is incorrect. If r < –1, then after 1 year, the population P would be a negative value, which is not possible. Choices C
and D are incorrect. For any value of r > 0, 1 + r > 1, and the exponential function models growth for positive values of the
exponent. This contradicts the given information that the population is decreasing.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2f51abc2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 2f51abc2

The function is defined by the given equation. For which of the following values of does ?

ID: 2f51abc2 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The value of for which can be found by substituting for and for in the given
equation, , which yields . For this equation to be true, either or
. Adding to both sides of the equation yields . Dividing both sides of this
equation by yields . To check whether is the value of , substituting for in the equation
yields , which is equivalent to , or , which isn't a
true statement. Therefore, isn't the value of . Adding to both sides of the equation yields .
Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . To check whether is the value of , substituting for in the
equation yields , which is equivalent to , or , which is a
true statement. Therefore, the value of for which is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID be0c419e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: be0c419e

Immanuel purchased a certain rare coin on January 1. The function , where , gives the
predicted value, in dollars, of the rare coin years after Immanuel purchased it. What is the best interpretation of the
statement “ is approximately equal to ” in this context?

A. When the rare coin's predicted value is approximately dollars, it is greater than the predicted value, in dollars, on
January 1 of the previous year.

B. When the rare coin’s predicted value is approximately dollars, it is times the predicted value, in dollars, on January 1
of the previous year.

C. From the day Immanuel purchased the rare coin to years after Immanuel purchased the coin, its predicted value
increased by a total of approximately dollars.

D. years after Immanuel purchased the rare coin, its predicted value is approximately dollars.

ID: be0c419e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that the function gives the predicted value, in dollars, of a certain rare coin
years after Immanuel purchased it. It follows that represents the predicted value, in dollars, of the coin years after
Immanuel purchased it. Since the value of is the value of when , it follows that “ is approximately
equal to ” means that is approximately equal to when . Therefore, the best interpretation of the statement “
is approximately equal to ” in this context is years after Immanuel purchased the rare coin, its predicted value is
approximately dollars.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 18e35375
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 18e35375

The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?

ID: 18e35375 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that , which can be rewritten as . Since the
coefficient of the -term is positive, the graph of in the xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at
its vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is the value of such that reaches its minimum. For an equation in the form
, where , , and are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is . For the equation
, , , and . It follows that the x-coordinate of the vertex is , or .
Therefore, reaches its minimum when the value of is .

Alternate approach: The value of for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint between the two x-intercepts of
the parabola. Since it’s given that , it follows that the two x-intercepts of the graph of
in the xy-plane occur when and , or at the points and . The midpoint between two points,
and , is . Therefore, the midpoint between and is , or
. It follows that reaches its minimum when the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane.

Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of in the xy-plane.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a45ffacb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a45ffacb

Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a
y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?

ID: a45ffacb Answer

Correct Answer: 5

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that . Substituting for in the equation
yields . It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of is . Substituting for
and for in the equation yields , which is equivalent to
, or . Adding to both sides of this equation yields . It’s given that the
product of and is , or . Substituting for in this equation yields . Dividing both sides of
this equation by yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 271ffad7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 271ffad7

A quadratic function models a projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was
launched. The model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of meters above the ground and
reached a maximum height of meters above the ground seconds after the launch. How many seconds after the
launch does the model estimate that the projectile will return to a height of meters?

ID: 271ffad7 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It follows that an equation representing the model can be written in the form
, where is the projectile's estimated height above the ground, in meters, seconds after the
launch, is a constant, and is the maximum height above the ground, in meters, the model estimates the projectile
reached seconds after the launch. It's given that the model estimates the projectile reached a maximum height of
meters above the ground seconds after the launch. Therefore, and . Substituting for and for in
the equation yields . It's also given that the model estimates that the
projectile was launched from an initial height of meters above the ground. Therefore, when , . Substituting
for and for in the equation yields , or .
Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields
. Substituting for in the equation yields .
Therefore, the equation models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground
seconds after it was launched. The number of seconds after the launch that the model estimates that the projectile will
return to a height of meters is the value of when . Substituting for in
yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation
yields two equations: and . Adding to both sides of the equation yields . Adding
to both sides of the equation yields . Since seconds after the launch represents the time at which the
projectile was launched, must be the number of seconds the model estimates that the projectile will return to a height of
meters.

Alternate approach: It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It's also given that the model estimates that the projectile was launched from an
initial height of meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of meters above the ground seconds after
the launch. Since the model is quadratic, and quadratic functions are symmetric, the model estimates that for any given
height less than the maximum height, the time the projectile takes to travel from the given height to the maximum height is
the same as the time the projectile takes to travel from the maximum height back to the given height. Thus, since the model
estimates the projectile took seconds to travel from meters above the ground to its maximum height of meters
above the ground, the model also estimates the projectile will take more seconds to travel from its maximum height of
meters above the ground back to meters above the ground. Thus, the model estimates that the projectile will return to
a height of meters seconds after it reaches its maximum height, which is seconds after the launch.

Choice A is incorrect. The model estimates that seconds after the launch, the projectile reached a height of meters,
not meters.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d4950429
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: d4950429

A rectangle has a length of units and a width of units. If the rectangle has an area of square units, what is the
value of ?

ID: d4950429 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The area of a rectangle is equal to its length multiplied by its width. Multiplying the given length, units,
by the given width, units, yields square units. If the rectangle has an area of square units, it follows
that , or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields . Applying the zero product property to this
equation yields two solutions: and . Since is the rectangle’s length, in units, which must be positive, the
value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the width, in units, of the rectangle, not the value of .

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the area, in square units, of the rectangle, not the value of .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID cc6ccd71
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: cc6ccd71

The graph of is shown, where the function is defined by and , , , and are
constants. For how many values of does ?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

ID: cc6ccd71 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If a value of satisfies , the graph of will contain a point and thus touch the
x-axis. Since there are points at which this graph touches the x-axis, there are values of for which .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID f89af023
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: f89af023

A rectangular volleyball court has an area of 162 square meters. If the length of the
court is twice the width, what is the width of the court, in meters?

A. 9

B. 18

C. 27

D. 54

ID: f89af023 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the volleyball court is rectangular and has an area of 162 square meters. The formula for
the area of a rectangle is , where A is the area, is the length, and w is the width of the rectangle. It’s also given
that the length of the volleyball court is twice the width, thus . Substituting the given value into the formula for the
area of a rectangle and using the relationship between length and width for this rectangle yields . This

equation can be rewritten as . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of
both sides of this equation yields . Since the width of a rectangle is a positive number, the width of the volleyball
court is 9 meters.

Choice B is incorrect because this is the length of the rectangle. Choice C is incorrect because this is the result of using 162
as the perimeter rather than the area. Choice D is incorrect because this is the result of calculating w in the equation
instead of .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID b8f13a3a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b8f13a3a

Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a
y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?

ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Correct Answer: 20

Rationale

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2c6f214f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 2c6f214f

The first term of a sequence is . Each term after the first is times the preceding term. If represents the th term of the
sequence, which equation gives in terms of ?

ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Since represents the th term of the sequence and is the first term of the sequence, the value of
is when the value of is . Since each term after the first is times the preceding term, the value of is when the
value of is . Therefore, the value of is , or , when the value of is . More generally, the value of is
for a given value of . Therefore, the equation gives in terms of .

Choice A is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is , rather than , and each term after
the first is , rather than , times the preceding term.

Choice B is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is , rather than , and each term after the
first is , rather than , times the preceding term.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is , rather than .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a9084ca4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a9084ca4

The given function models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year, where represents the
number of years since , and . If is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?

Question ID 3ce92ce8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 3ce92ce8

For the given function , the graph of in the xy-plane is parallel to line . What is the slope of line ?

ID: 3ce92ce8 Answer

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that function is defined by . Therefore, the equation representing the
graph of in the xy-plane is , and the graph is a line. For a linear equation in the form ,
represents the slope of the line. Since the value of in the equation is , the slope of the line defined by
function is . It's given that line is parallel to the line defined by function . The slopes of parallel lines are equal.
Therefore, the slope of line is also .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 441558e7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 441558e7

Scientists collected fallen acorns that each housed a colony of the ant species P. ohioensis and analyzed each colony's
structure. For any of these colonies, if the colony has worker ants, the equation , where ,
gives the predicted number of larvae, , in the colony. If one of these colonies has worker ants, which of the following is
closest to the predicted number of larvae in the colony?

ID: 441558e7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that the equation , where , gives the predicted number of
larvae, , in a colony of ants if the colony has worker ants. If one of these colonies has worker ants, the predicted
number of larvae in that colony can be found by substituting for in the given equation. Substituting for in the given
equation yields , or . Of the given choices, is closest to the predicted number of larvae in
the colony.

Choice B is incorrect. This is closest to the predicted number of larvae in a colony with worker ants.

Choice C is incorrect. This is closest to the number of worker ants for which the predicted number of larvae in a colony is .

Choice D is incorrect. This is closest to the predicted number of larvae in a colony with worker ants.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a04050d8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: a04050d8

The table above gives the typical amounts of energy per gram, expressed in both
food calories and kilojoules, of the three macronutrients in food. If the 180 food
calories in a granola bar come entirely from p grams of protein, f grams of fat, and
c grams of carbohydrate, which of the following expresses f in terms of p and c ?

ID: a04050d8 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It is given that there are 4.0 food calories per gram of protein, 9.0 food calories per gram of fat, and 4.0
food calories per gram of carbohydrate. If 180 food calories in a granola bar came from p grams of protein, f grams of fat,
and c grams of carbohydrate, then the situation can be represented by the equation . The equation can
then be rewritten in terms of f by subtracting 4p and 4c from both sides of the equation and then dividing both sides of the

equation by 9. The result is the equation .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of not representing the situation with the correct equation or
incorrectly rewriting the equation in terms of f.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 78391fcc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 78391fcc

f(x) 21 18 15 12

The table above shows some values of x and their corresponding values for
the linear function f. What is the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-
plane?

ID: 78391fcc Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The equation of a linear function can be written in the form , where , m is the slope
of the graph of , and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph. The value of m can be found using the

slope formula, . According to the table, the points and lie on the graph of .

Using these two points in the slope formula yields , or . Substituting for m in the slope-intercept form
of the equation yields . The value of b can be found by substituting values from the table and solving; for

example, substituting the coordinates of the point into the equation gives ,
which yields . This means the function given by the table can be represented by the equation . The
value of the x-intercept of the graph of can be determined by finding the value of x when . Substituting

into yields , or . This corresponds to the point .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from substituting the value of the slope for the x-coordinate of the x-intercept. Choice C
is incorrect and may result from a calculation error. Choice D is incorrect and may result from substituting the y-coordinate
of the y-intercept for the x-coordinate of the x-intercept.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 0cadb20e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 0cadb20e

The function is defined by , and , where is a constant. What is the value of ?

ID: 0cadb20e Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that and , where is a constant. Therefore, for the given function ,
when , . Substituting for and for in the given function yields . Multiplying both
sides of this equation by yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Therefore,
the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of if .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of if .

Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of if .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 7e1bff94
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 7e1bff94

The table gives the number of hours, , of labor and a plumber’s total charge , in dollars, for two different jobs.

There is a linear relationship between and . Which equation represents this relationship?

ID: 7e1bff94 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that there is a linear relationship between a plumber's hours of labor, , and the plumber's total
charge , in dollars. It follows that the relationship can be represented by an equation of the form ,
where is the rate of change of the function and is a constant. The rate of change of can be calculated by dividing the
difference in two values of by the difference in the corresponding values of . Based on the values given in the table,
the rate of change of is , or . Substituting for in the equation yields .
The value of can be found by substituting any value of and its corresponding value of for and , respectively,
in this equation. Substituting for and for yields , or . Subtracting from both
sides of this equation yields . Substituting for in the equation yields .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID c01f4a95
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: c01f4a95

For the linear function , is a constant and . What is the value of ?

ID: c01f4a95 Answer

Correct Answer: 39

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that for the linear function , is a constant and . Substituting for and
for in the given equation yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Substituting for in the given
equation, , yields . Substituting for in this equation yields
, or . Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 6989c80a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 6989c80a

The function gives the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, that corresponds to a temperature of kelvins. If a
temperature increased by kelvins, by how much did the temperature increase, in degrees Fahrenheit?

ID: 6989c80a Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the function gives the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit,
that corresponds to a temperature of kelvins. A temperature that increased by kelvins means that the value of
increased by kelvins. It follows that an increase in by increases by , or . Therefore, if a
temperature increased by kelvins, the temperature increased by degrees Fahrenheit.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3122fc7b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 3122fc7b

A linear model estimates the population of a city from to . The model estimates the population was thousand
in , thousand in , and thousand in . To the nearest whole number, what is the value of ?

ID: 3122fc7b Answer

Correct Answer: 257

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that a linear model estimates the population of a city from to . Since the
population can be estimated using a linear model, it follows that there is a constant rate of change for the model. It’s also
given that the model estimates the population was thousand in , thousand in , and thousand in .
The change in the population between and is , or , thousand. The change in the number of years
between and is , or , years. Dividing by gives , or , thousand per year. Thus,
the change in population per year from to estimated by the model is thousand. The change in the number
of years between and is , or , years. Multiplying the change in population per year by the change in
number of years yields the increase in population from to estimated by the model: , or , thousand.
Adding the change in population from to estimated by the model to the estimated population in yields the
estimated population in . Thus, the estimated population in is , or , thousand. Therefore to the
nearest whole number, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a309803e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: a309803e

One gallon of paint will cover square feet of a surface. A room has a total wall area of square feet. Which equation
represents the total amount of paint , in gallons, needed to paint the walls of the room twice?

ID: a309803e Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that represents the total wall area, in square feet. Since the walls of the room will be painted
twice, the amount of paint, in gallons, needs to cover square feet. It’s also given that one gallon of paint will cover
square feet. Dividing the total area, in square feet, of the surface to be painted by the number of square feet covered by one
gallon of paint gives the number of gallons of paint that will be needed. Dividing by yields , or . Therefore,
the equation that represents the total amount of paint , in gallons, needed to paint the walls of the room twice is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from finding the amount of paint needed to paint the walls once rather than twice.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 16889ef3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 16889ef3

Oil and gas production in a certain area dropped from 4 million barrels in 2000 to
1.9 million barrels in 2013. Assuming that the oil and gas production decreased at
a constant rate, which of the following linear functions f best models the
production, in millions of barrels, t years after the year 2000?

ID: 16889ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It is assumed that the oil and gas production decreased at a constant rate. Therefore, the function f that
best models the production t years after the year 2000 can be written as a linear function, , where m is the rate
of change of the oil and gas production and b is the oil and gas production, in millions of barrels, in the year 2000. Since
there were 4 million barrels of oil and gas produced in 2000, . The rate of change, m, can be calculated as

, which is equivalent to , the rate of change in choice C.

Choices A and B are incorrect because each of these functions has a positive rate of change. Since the oil and gas
production decreased over time, the rate of change must be negative. Choice D is incorrect. This model may result from
misinterpreting 1.9 million barrels as the amount by which the production decreased.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 50f4cb9c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 50f4cb9c

For the linear function , the table shows three values of and their corresponding values of . Function is defined by
, where and are constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 50f4cb9c Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The table gives that when . Substituting 0 for and for into the equation
yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . The table gives that
when . Substituting for , for , and for into the equation yields
. Combining like terms yields , or . Since , substituting for into this
equation gives , which yields . Thus, the value of can be written as , which is
.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID af2ba762
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: af2ba762
According to data provided by the US Department of Energy, the average price per gallon of regular gasoline in the
United States from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014, is modeled by the function F defined below, where is
the average price per gallon x months after September 1.

The constant 2.74 in this function estimates which of the following?

A. The average monthly decrease in the price per gallon

B. The difference in the average price per gallon from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014

C. The average price per gallon on September 1, 2014

D. The average price per gallon on December 1, 2014

ID: af2ba762 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Since 2.74 is a constant term, it represents an actual price of gas rather than a measure of change in gas
price. To determine what gas price it represents, find x such that F(x) = 2.74, or 2.74 = 2.74 – 0.19(x – 3). Subtracting 2.74
from both sides gives 0 = –0.19(x – 3). Dividing both sides by –0.19 results in 0 = x – 3, or x = 3. Therefore, the average price
of gas is $2.74 per gallon 3 months after September 1, 2014, which is December 1, 2014.

Choice A is incorrect. Since 2.74 is a constant, not a multiple of x, it cannot represent a rate of change in price. Choice B is
incorrect. The difference in the average price from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014, is F(3) – F(0) = 2.74 – 0.19(3 –
3) – (2.74 – 0.19(0 – 3)) = 2.74 – (2.74 + 0.57) = –0.57, which is not 2.74. Choice C is incorrect. The average price per gallon
on September 1, 2014, is F(0) = 2.74 – 0.19(0 – 3) = 2.74 + 0.57 = 3.31, which is not 2.74.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b988eeec
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: b988eeec

The functions and are defined as and . If the function is defined as

, what is the x-coordinate of the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?

ID: b988eeec Answer

Correct Answer: -12

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the functions and are defined as and . If
the function is defined as , then substituting for and for in this
function yields . This can be rewritten as , or . The x-
intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where . The equation representing the graph of
is . Substituting for in this equation yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation
yields , or . Therefore, the x-coordinate of the x-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b3abf40f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: b3abf40f

ID: b3abf40f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID be9cb6a2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: be9cb6a2

The cost of renting a backhoe for up to days is for the first day and for each additional day. Which of the
following equations gives the cost , in dollars, of renting the backhoe for days, where is a positive integer and ?

ID: be9cb6a2 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that the cost of renting a backhoe for up to days is for the first day and for each
additional day. Therefore, the cost , in dollars, for days, where , is the sum of the cost for the first day, , and
the cost for the additional days, . It follows that , which is equivalent to
, or .

Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the cost of renting a backhoe is for the first day and
for each additional day.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7e3f8363
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear functions

ID: 7e3f8363

In the xy-plane, the graph of the linear function contains the points and . Which equation defines , where
?

ID: 7e3f8363 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. In the xy-plane, an equation of the graph of a linear function can be written in the form ,
where represents the slope and represents the y-intercept of the graph of . It’s given that the graph of the
linear function , where , in the xy-plane contains the point . Thus, . The slope of the graph of a line
containing any two points and can be found using the slope formula, . Since it’s given that the
graph of the linear function contains the points and , it follows that the slope of the graph of the line
containing these points is , or . Substituting for and for in yields
.

Choice A is incorrect. This function represents a graph with a slope of and a y-intercept of .

Choice B is incorrect. This function represents a graph with a slope of and a y-intercept of .

Choice D is incorrect. This function represents a graph with a slope of and a y-intercept of .

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID c1bd5301
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

in one or two
variables

ID: ee2f611f

A local transit company sells a monthly pass for $95 that allows an unlimited
number of trips of any length. Tickets for individual trips cost $1.50, $2.50, or
$3.50, depending on the length of the trip. What is the minimum number of trips
per month for which a monthly pass could cost less than purchasing individual
tickets for trips?

ID: ee2f611f Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 28. The minimum number of individual trips for which the cost of the monthly pass is less than the
cost of individual tickets can be found by assuming the maximum cost of the individual tickets, $3.50. If n tickets costing
$3.50 each are purchased in one month, the inequality 95 < 3.50n represents this situation. Dividing both sides of the
inequality by 3.50 yields 27.14 < n, which is equivalent to n > 27.14. Since only a whole number of tickets can be purchased, it
follows that 28 is the minimum number of trips.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6c71f3ec
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

in one or two
variables

ID: 6c71f3ec

A salesperson’s total earnings consist of a base salary of dollars per year, plus commission earnings of of the total
sales the salesperson makes during the year. This year, the salesperson has a goal for the total earnings to be at least
times and at most times the base salary. Which of the following inequalities represents all possible values of total sales ,
in dollars, the salesperson can make this year in order to meet that goal?

ID: 6c71f3ec Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that a salesperson's total earnings consist of a base salary of dollars per year plus
commission earnings of of the total sales the salesperson makes during the year. If the salesperson makes dollars in
total sales this year, the salesperson’s total earnings can be represented by the expression . It’s also given that the
salesperson has a goal for the total earnings to be at least times and at most times the base salary, which can be
represented by the expressions and , respectively. Therefore, this situation can be represented by the inequality
. Subtracting from each part of this inequality yields . Dividing each part of this
inequality by yields . Therefore, the inequality represents all possible values
of total sales , in dollars, the salesperson can make this year in order to meet their goal.

Choice A is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total sales, rather than the total earnings, are at least
times and at most times, rather than at least times and at most times, the base salary.

Choice C is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total sales, rather than the total earnings, are at least
times and at most times the base salary.

Choice D is incorrect. This inequality represents a situation in which the total earnings are at least times and at most
times, rather than at least times and at most times, the base salary.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e1248a5c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

linear equations in
two variables

ID: e1248a5c

In the system of equations below, a and c are constants.

If the system of equations has an infinite number of

solutions , what is the value of a ?

B. 0

ID: e1248a5c Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. A system of two linear equations has infinitely many solutions if one equation is equivalent to the other.
This means that when the two equations are written in the same form, each coefficient or constant in one equation is equal
to the corresponding coefficient or constant in the other equation multiplied by the same number. The equations in the given
system of equations are written in the same form, with x and y on the left-hand side and a constant on the right-hand side of
the equation. The coefficient of y in the second equation is equal to the coefficient of y in the first equation multiplied by 3.
Therefore, a, the coefficient of x in the second equation, must be equal to 3 times the coefficient of x in the first equation:

, or .

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. When , , or , the given system of equations has one solution.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 52cb8ea4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

linear equations in
two variables

ID: 52cb8ea4

If is the solution to the system of equations above,

what is the value of ?

C. 5

D. 13

ID: 52cb8ea4 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Subtracting the second equation, , from the first equation, , results in
, or . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields
.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from miscalculating as . Choice C is incorrect and may result from
miscalculating as 5. Choice D is incorrect and may result from adding 9 to 4 instead of subtracting 9 from 4.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 94b48cbf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

two variables

ID: 94b48cbf

The graph of in the -plane has an -intercept at and a -intercept at , where and are
constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 94b48cbf Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The x-coordinate of the x-intercept can be found by substituting for in the given equation,
which gives , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the
value of is . The y-coordinate of the y-intercept can be found by substituting for in the given equation,
which gives , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the
value of is . It follows that the value of is , which is equivalent to , or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d7bf55e1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

linear equations in
two variables

ID: d7bf55e1

A movie theater sells two types of tickets, adult tickets for $12 and child tickets for
$8. If the theater sold 30 tickets for a total of $300, how much, in dollars, was
spent on adult tickets? (Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)

ID: d7bf55e1 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 180. Let a be the number of adult tickets sold and c be the number of child tickets sold. Since the
theater sold a total of 30 tickets, a + c = 30. The price per adult ticket is $12, and the price per child ticket is $8. Since the
theater received a total of $300 for the 30 tickets sold, it follows that 12a + 8c = 300. To eliminate c, the first equation can be
multiplied by 8 and then subtracted from the second equation:

Because the question asks for the amount spent on adult tickets, which is 12a dollars, the resulting equation can be
multiplied by 3 to give 3(4a) = 3(60) = 180. Therefore, $180 was spent on adult tickets.

Alternate approach: If all the 30 tickets sold were child tickets, their total price would be 30($8) = $240. Since the actual total
price of the 30 tickets was $300, the extra $60 indicates that a certain number of adult tickets, a, were sold. Since the price
of each adult ticket is $4 more than each child ticket, 4a = 60, and it follows that 12a = 180.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d8539e09
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

in one or two
variables

ID: d8539e09

For which of the following tables are all the values of and their corresponding values of solutions to the given inequality?

ID: d8539e09 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. All the tables in the choices have the same three values of , so each of the three values of can be
substituted in the given inequality to compare the corresponding values of in each of the tables. Substituting for in the
given inequality yields , or . Therefore, when , the corresponding value of is less than .
Substituting for in the given inequality yields , or . Therefore, when , the corresponding value
of is less than . Substituting for in the given inequality yields , or . Therefore, when , the
corresponding value of is less than . For the table in choice C, when , the corresponding value of is , which is
less than ; when , the corresponding value of is , which is less than ; when , the corresponding value of
is , which is less than . Therefore, the table in choice C gives values of and their corresponding values of that are
all solutions to the given inequality.

Choice A is incorrect. In the table for choice A, when , the corresponding value of is , which is not less than ;
when , the corresponding value of is , which is not less than ; when , the corresponding value of is ,
which is not less than .

Choice B is incorrect. In the table for choice B, when , the corresponding value of is , which is not less than .

Choice D is incorrect. In the table for choice D, when , the corresponding value of is , which is not less than ;
when , the corresponding value of is , which is not less than ; when , the corresponding value of is ,
which is not less than .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 963da34c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

in one or two
variables

ID: 963da34c

A shipping service restricts the dimensions of the boxes it will ship for a certain
type of service. The restriction states that for boxes shaped like rectangular
prisms, the sum of the perimeter of the base of the box and the height of the box
cannot exceed 130 inches. The perimeter of the base is determined using the
width and length of the box. If a box has a height of 60 inches and its length is
2.5 times the width, which inequality shows the allowable width x, in inches, of the
box?

ID: 963da34c Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. If x is the width, in inches, of the box, then the length of the box is 2.5x inches. It follows that the
perimeter of the base is , or 7x inches. The height of the box is given to be 60 inches. According to the
restriction, the sum of the perimeter of the base and the height of the box should not exceed 130 inches. Algebraically, this
can be represented by , or . Dividing both sides of the inequality by 7 gives . Since x represents
the width of the box, x must also be a positive number. Therefore, the inequality represents all the allowable
values of x that satisfy the given conditions.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors or misreading the given information.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2d54c272
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear equations in

two variables

ID: 2d54c272

At a school fair, students can win colored tokens that are worth a different number of points depending on the color. One
student won green tokens and red tokens worth a total of points. The given equation represents this situation. How
many more points is a red token worth than a green token?

ID: 2d54c272 Answer

Correct Answer: 40

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that , where is the number of green tokens and is the number of
red tokens won by one student and these tokens are worth a total of points. Since the equation represents the situation
where the student won points with green tokens and red tokens for a total of points, each term on the left-hand side of
the equation represents the number of points won for one of the colors. Since the coefficient of in the given equation is ,
a green token must be worth points. Similarly, since the coefficient of in the given equation is , a red token must be
worth points. Therefore, a red token is worth points, or points, more than a green token.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1e11190a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Systems of two

linear equations in
two variables

ID: 1e11190a

Store A sells raspberries for per pint and blackberries for per pint. Store B sells raspberries for per pint
and blackberries for per pint. A certain purchase of raspberries and blackberries would cost at Store A or
at Store B. How many pints of blackberries are in this purchase?

ID: 1e11190a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that store A sells raspberries for per pint and blackberries for per pint, and a
certain purchase of raspberries and blackberries at store A would cost . It’s also given that store B sells raspberries
for per pint and blackberries for per pint, and this purchase of raspberries and blackberries at store B would
cost . Let represent the number of pints of raspberries and represent the number of pints of blackberries in this
purchase. The equation represents this purchase of raspberries and blackberries from store A
and the equation represents this purchase of raspberries and blackberries from store B. Solving
the system of equations by elimination gives the value of and the value of that make the system of equations true.
Multiplying both sides of the equation for store A by yields , or
. Multiplying both sides of the equation for store B by yields
, or . Subtracting both sides of the equation for
store A, , from the corresponding sides of the equation for store B, , yields
, or . Dividing both sides of this equationby
yields . Thus, pints of blackberries are in
this purchase.

Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect. This is the number
of pints of raspberries, not blackberries, in the purchase.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b8e73b5b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Algebra Linear inequalities

in one or two
variables

ID: b8e73b5b

Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $8 per hour for
the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew
leader raised his salary to $10 per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves 90% of
his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work the
rest of the week to save at least $270 for the week?

A. 38

B. 33

C. 22

D. 16

ID: b8e73b5b Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Ken earned $8 per hour for the first 10 hours he worked, so he earned a total of $80 for the first 10 hours
he worked. For the rest of the week, Ken was paid at the rate of $10 per hour. Let x be the number of hours he will work for
the rest of the week. The total of Ken’s earnings, in dollars, for the week will be . He saves 90% of his earnings each

week, so this week he will save dollars. The inequality represents the condition that he
will save at least $270 for the week. Factoring 10 out of the expression gives . The product of 10 and 0.9
is 9, so the inequality can be rewritten as . Dividing both sides of this inequality by 9 yields , so
. Therefore, the least number of hours Ken must work the rest of the week to save at least $270 for the week is 22.

Choices A and B are incorrect because Ken can save $270 by working fewer hours than 38 or 33 for the rest of the week.
Choice D is incorrect. If Ken worked 16 hours for the rest of the week, his total earnings for the week will be
, which is less than $270. Since he saves only 90% of his earnings each week, he would save even
less than $240 for the week.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 30281058
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 30281058

In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects line p at and , where a

and b are constants. What is the slope of line p ?

A. 6

B. 2

ID: 30281058 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the graph of and line p intersect at and . Therefore, the value of y
when is the value of a, and the value of y when is the value of b. Substituting 1 for x in the given equation yields

, or . Similarly, substituting 5 for x in the given equation yields , or . Therefore, the

intersection points are and . The slope of line p is the ratio of the change in y to the change in x between these

two points: , or 6.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors in determining the values of a, b, or
the slope of line p.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5910bfff
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 5910bfff

The formula above can be used to approximate the dew point D, in degrees
Fahrenheit, given the temperature T, in degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative
humidity of H percent, where . Which of the following expresses the relative
humidity in terms of the temperature and the dew point?

ID: 5910bfff Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Solving this formula for H expresses the relative humidity in

terms of the temperature and the dew point. Subtracting T from both sides of this equation yields .

Multiplying both sides by yields . Subtracting 100 from both sides yields

. Multiplying both sides by results in the formula .

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rewriting the given formula.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID fbb96bb1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: fbb96bb1

Which of the following are solutions to the given equation, where is a constant and ?
I.
II.
III.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

ID: fbb96bb1 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Subtracting the expression from both sides of the given equation yields
, which can be rewritten as . Since the two
terms on the right-hand side of this equation have a common factor of , it can be rewritten as
, or . Since is equivalent to , the
equation can be rewritten as . By the zero product property, it
follows that or . Adding to both sides of the equation yields . Adding
to both sides of the equation yields . Therefore, the two solutions to the given equation
are and . Thus, only and , not , are solutions to the given equation.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a0b4103e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

expressions

ID: a0b4103e

The expression can be rewritten as , where k is a

positive constant. What is the value of k ?

A. 2

B. 6

ID: a0b4103e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Factoring out the coefficient , the given expression can be rewritten as . The expression

can be approached as a difference of squares and rewritten as . Therefore, k must be .

Choice A is incorrect. If k were 2, then the expression given would be rewritten as , which is equivalent to

, not .

Choice B is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly factoring the expression and finding as the factored

form of the expression. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly distributing the and rewriting the

expression as .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e9349667
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: e9349667

If and are the two solutions to the system of equations

above, what is the value of ?

ID: e9349667 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The system of equations can be solved using the substitution method. Solving the second equation for y
gives y = –x – 1. Substituting the expression –x – 1 for y into the first equation gives –x – 1 = x2 + 2x + 1. Adding x + 1 to
both sides of the equation yields x2 + 3x + 2 = 0. The left-hand side of the equation can be factored by finding two numbers
whose sum is 3 and whose product is 2, which gives (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0. Setting each factor equal to 0 yields x + 2 = 0 and x +
1 = 0, and solving for x yields x = –2 or x = –1. These values of x can be substituted for x in the equation y = –x – 1 to find the
corresponding y-values: y = –(–2) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 and y = –(–1) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0. It follows that (–2, 1) and (–1, 0) are the
solutions to the given system of equations. Therefore, (x1, y1) = (–2, 1), (x2, y2) = (–1, 0), and y1 + y2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Choice A is incorrect. The solutions to the system of equations are (x1, y1) = (–2, 1) and (x2, y2) = (–1, 0). Therefore, –3 is the
sum of the x-coordinates of the solutions, not the sum of the y-coordinates of the solutions. Choices B and C are incorrect
and may be the result of computation or substitution errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1ce9ffcd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 1ce9ffcd

In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?

ID: 1ce9ffcd Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that the equation has exactly one solution. A quadratic equation of the
form has exactly one solution if and only if its discriminant, , is equal to zero. It follows that
for the given equation, and . Substituting for and for into yields , or
. Since the discriminant must equal zero, . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields
. Dividing each side of this equation by yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. If the value of is , this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.

Choice B is incorrect. If the value of is , this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.

Choice D is incorrect. If the value of is , this would yield a discriminant that is less than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have no real solutions, rather than exactly one solution.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7dbd46d9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 7dbd46d9

The graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point in the -plane. What is a possible
value of ?

ID: 7dbd46d9 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point .
Therefore, this intersection point is a solution to the given system. The solution can be found by isolating in each equation.
The given equation can be rewritten to isolate by subtracting from both sides of the equation, which
gives . The given equation can be rewritten to isolate by subtracting from both sides
of the equation, which gives . With each equation solved for , the value of from one equation can be
substituted into the other, which gives . Adding and to both sides of this equation results in
. Dividing both sides of this equation by results in . This equation can be
rewritten by factoring the left-hand side, which yields . By the zero-product property, if
, then , or . It follows that , or . Since only is
given as a choice, a possible value of is .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 20291f47
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

expressions

ID: 20291f47

Which expression is equivalent to ?

ID: 20291f47 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Factoring the denominator in the second term of the given expression gives . This
expression can be rewritten with common denominators by multiplying the first term by , giving .
Adding these two terms yields . Using the distributive property to rewrite this expression gives
. Combining the like terms in the numerator of this expression gives .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Alternate approach: The given equation can be rewritten as , where and are positive
constants. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . The solutions for a quadratic
equation in the form , where , , and are constants, can be calculated using the quadratic
formula, and . It follows that the sum of the solutions to a quadratic equation in the
form is , which can be rewritten as ,
which is equivalent to , or . In the equation , , , and
. Substituting for and for in yields , which can be rewritten as . Thus, the
sum of the solutions to the given equation is . Since it's given that the sum of the solutions to the given equation
is , where is a constant, it follows that .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2c5c22d0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 2c5c22d0

How many solutions are there to the

system of equations above?

A. There are exactly 4 solutions.

B. There are exactly 2 solutions.

C. There is exactly 1 solution.

D. There are no solutions.

ID: 2c5c22d0 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The second equation of the system can be rewritten as . Substituting for y in the first

equation gives . This equation can be solved as shown below:

Substituting 1 for x in the equation gives . Therefore, is the only solution to the system of
equations.

Choice A is incorrect. In the xy-plane, a parabola and a line can intersect at no more than two points. Since the graph of the
first equation is a parabola and the graph of the second equation is a line, the system cannot have more than 2 solutions.
Choice B is incorrect. There is a single ordered pair that satisfies both equations of the system. Choice D is incorrect
because the ordered pair satisfies both equations of the system.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID fc3dfa26
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: fc3dfa26

What value of x satisfies the

equation above?

D. 3

ID: fc3dfa26 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Each fraction in the given equation can be expressed with the common denominator . Multiplying

by yields , and multiplying by yields . Therefore, the given equation can be

written as . Multiplying each fraction by the denominator results in the equation

, or . This equation can be solved by setting a quadratic expression equal to 0,

then solving for x. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . The expression
can be factored, resulting in the equation . By the zero product property, or . To solve
for x in , 1 can be added to both sides of the equation, resulting in . Dividing both sides of this equation by

2 results in . Solving for x in yields . However, this value of x would result in the second fraction of
the original equation having a denominator of 0. Therefore, is an extraneous solution. Thus, the only value of x that

satisfies the given equation is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving but not realizing that this solution is extraneous because it
would result in a denominator of 0 in the second fraction. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a sign error when solving
for x. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6011a3f8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables

ID: 6011a3f8

In the given equation, is a constant. For which of the following values of will the equation have more than one real
solution?

ID: 6011a3f8 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. A quadratic equation of the form , where , , and are constants, has either no real
solutions, exactly one real solution, or exactly two real solutions. That is, for the given equation to have more than one real
solution, it must have exactly two real solutions. When the value of the discriminant, or , is greater than 0, the given
equation has exactly two real solutions. In the given equation, , and . Therefore, the
given equation has exactly two real solutions when , or . Adding to both sides
of this inequality yields . Taking the square root of both sides of yields two possible inequalities:
or . Of the choices, only choice A satisfies or .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Colorado 1 1 0 2

Iowa 2 0 0 2

Oklahoma 1 0 0 1

Total 10 5 5 20

The table shows the distribution, by location and power capacity (maximum rate of
power generation) of the twenty largest wind projects in the United States in 2013.
The total power capacity of the nine wind projects located in Texas was 4,952
megawatts (MW), and the total power capacity of the twenty wind projects was
11,037 MW in 2013. The amount of energy produced in one hour at a rate of one
megawatt is one megawatt-hour. If each of the nine Texas wind projects in 2013
had operated continuously for 24 hours at the maximum rate of power generation,
approximately how many megawatt-hours of energy would the nine projects have
produced?

A. 200

B. 5,000

C. 11,000

D. 120,000

ID: 3f775bbf Answer

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 85939da5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error

ID: 85939da5

Texting Talks on cell Does not talk on

behavior phone daily cell phone daily Total

Light 110 146 256

Medium 139 164 303

Heavy 166 74 240

Total 415 384 799

In a study of cell phone use, 799 randomly selected US teens were asked how
often they talked on a cell phone and about their texting behavior. The data are
summarized in the table above. Based on the data from the study, an estimate of
the percent of US teens who are heavy texters is 30% and the associated margin of
error is 3%. Which of the following is a correct statement based on the given
margin of error?

A. Approximately 3% of the teens in the study who are classified as heavy texters are not really heavy texters.

B. It is not possible that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is less than 27%.

C. The percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 33%.

D. It is doubtful that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 35%.

ID: 85939da5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The given margin of error of 3% indicates that the actual percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is
likely within 3% of the estimate of 30%, or between 27% and 33%. Therefore, it is unlikely, or doubtful, that the percent of all
US teens who are heavy texters would be 35%.

Choice A is incorrect. The margin of error doesn’t provide any information about the accuracy of reporting in the study.
Choice B is incorrect. Based on the estimate and given margin of error, it is unlikely that the percent of all US teens who are
heavy texters would be less than 27%, but it is possible. Choice C is incorrect. While the percent of all US teens who are
heavy texters is likely between 27% and 33%, any value within this interval is equally likely. We can’t be certain that the value
is exactly 33%.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e29586d5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e29586d5

Number of Contestants by Score and Day

5 out 4 out 3 out 2 out 1 out 0 out
Total
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5

Day
2 3 4 6 2 3 20
1

Day
2 3 5 5 4 1 20
2

Day
3 3 4 5 3 2 20
3

Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1 point
for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table above.
No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is
selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received a
score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on one
of the three days?

ID: e29586d5 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It is given that no contestant received the same score on two different days, so each of the
contestants who received a score of 5 is represented in the “5 out of 5” column of the table exactly once. Therefore, the
probability of selecting a contestant who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score
of 5 on one of the three days, is found by dividing the total number of contestants who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day
3 by the total number of contestants who received a score of 5, which is given in the table as 7. So the probability

is . Note that 5/7, .7142, .7143, and 0.714 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 954943a4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 954943a4

Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state

that a serving size of the cereal is cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which
are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180
milligrams of potassium, which is 5% of the daily allowance for adults. If p percent
of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium is provided by x servings of Crunchy
Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses p in terms of x ?

ID: 954943a4 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It’s given that each serving of Crunchy Grain cereal provides 5% of an adult’s daily allowance of
potassium, so x servings would provide x times 5%. The percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium, p, is 5 times
the number of servings, x. Therefore, the percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium can be expressed as .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly converting 5% to its decimal equivalent, which isn’t
necessary since p is expressed as a percentage. Additionally, choices C and D are incorrect because the context should be
represented by a linear relationship, not by an exponential relationship.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d3b9c8d8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: d3b9c8d8

The box plots summarize the masses, in kilograms, of two groups of gazelles. Based on the box plots, which of the following
statements must be true?

A. The mean mass of group 1 is greater than the mean mass of group 2.

B. The mean mass of group 1 is less than the mean mass of group 2.

C. The median mass of group 1 is greater than the median mass of group 2.

D. The median mass of group 1 is less than the median mass of group 2.

ID: d3b9c8d8 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The median of a data set represented in a box plot is represented by the vertical line within the box. It
follows that the median mass of the gazelles in group is kilograms, and the median mass of the gazelles in group is
kilograms. Since kilograms is greater than kilograms, the median mass of group is greater than the median mass
of group .

Choice A is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.

Choice B is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c7e73ece
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error

ID: c7e73ece
Views on Nuclear Energy
Use
Response Frequency

Strongly favor 56

Somewhat
214
favor

Somewhat
104
oppose

Strongly
37
oppose

A researcher interviewed 411 randomly selected US residents and asked about their views on the use of nuclear energy. The
table above summarizes the responses of the interviewees. If the population of the United States was 300 million when the
survey was given, based on the sample data for the 411 US residents, what is the best estimate, in millions, of the difference
between the number of US residents who somewhat favor or strongly favor the use of nuclear energy and the number of
those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

ID: c7e73ece Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 94. Of those interviewed, “strongly favor” or “somewhat favor” the use of nuclear
energy, and interviewees “somewhat oppose” or “strongly oppose” the use of nuclear energy. The difference
between the sizes of the two surveyed groups is . The proportion of this difference among the entire group

of interviewees is . Because the sample of interviewees was selected at random from US residents, it is reasonable to
assume that the proportion of this difference is the same among all US residents as in the sample. Therefore, the best
estimate, in millions, of the difference between the number of US residents who somewhat favor or strongly favor the use of

nuclear energy and the number of those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it is , which to the nearest
million is 94.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 65c49824
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 65c49824

A school district is forming a committee to discuss plans for the construction of a

new high school. Of those invited to join the committee, 15% are parents of
students, 45% are teachers from the current high school, 25% are school and
district administrators, and the remaining 6 individuals are students. How many
more teachers were invited to join the committee than school and district
administrators?

ID: 65c49824 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. The 6 students represent of those invited to join the committee. If

x people were invited to join the committee, then . Thus, there were people invited to join the
committee. It follows that there were teachers and school and district administrators invited
to join the committee. Therefore, there were 8 more teachers than school and district administrators invited to join the
committee.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0ea56bb2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 0ea56bb2

Subscriptions
Year
sold

2012 5,600

2013 5,880

The manager of an online news service received the report above on the number of
subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent
increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to
2014. How many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?

A. 6,020

B. 6,027

C. 6,440

D. 6,468

ID: 0ea56bb2 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The percent increase from 2012 to 2013 was , or 5%. Since the percent increase
from 2012 to 2013 was estimated to be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014, the percent increase from 2013 to
2014 was expected to be 2.5%.
Therefore, the number of subscriptions sold in 2014 is expected to be the number of subscriptions sold in 2013 multiplied by
, or .

Choice A is incorrect and is the result of adding half of the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result.
Choice C is incorrect and is the result adding twice the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result. Choice D
is incorrect and is the result of interpreting the percent increase from 2013 to 2014 as double the percent increase from
2012 to 2013.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d4413871
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: d4413871

Blood type

Rhesus factor A B AB O

33 9 3 37

7 2 1 x

Human blood can be classified into four common blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It is
also characterized by the presence or absence of the rhesus factor. The
table above shows the distribution of blood type and rhesus factor for a group of
people. If one of these people who is rhesus negative is chosen at random, the

probability that the person has blood type B is . What is the value of x ?

ID: d4413871 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. In this group, of the people who are rhesus negative have blood type B. The total number of
people who are rhesus negative in the group is , and there are 2 people who are rhesus negative with blood type

B. Therefore, . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of the equation yields .

Multiplying both sides of this equation by 9 yields , and multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 190be2fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 190be2fc

Data set A consists of positive integers less than . The list shown gives of the integers from data set A.
, , , , , , , ,
The mean of these integers is . If the mean of data set A is an integer that is greater than , what is the value of the
largest integer from data set A?

ID: 190be2fc Answer

Correct Answer: 52

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is calculated by dividing the sum of the data values by the number of
values. It’s given that data set A consists of values, of which are shown. Let represent the data value in data set
A, which isn’t shown. The mean of data set A can be found using the expression , or .
It’s given that the mean of the values shown is and that the mean of all numbers is greater than . Consequently,
the data value, , is larger than . It’s also given that the data values in data set A are positive integers less than .
Thus, . Finally, it’s given that the mean of data set A is an integer. This means that the sum of the data
values, , is divisible by . Thus, must have a ones digit of . It follows that must have a ones digit of .
Since and has a ones digit of , the only possible value of is . Since is larger than any of the integers
shown, the largest integer from data set A is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c9fb15ad
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: c9fb15ad

Species of Growth
tree factor

Red maple 4.5

River birch 3.5

Cottonwood 2.0

Black walnut 4.5

White birch 5.0

American elm 4.0

Pin oak 3.0

Shagbark
7.5
hickory

One method of calculating the approximate age, in years, of a tree of a particular

species is to multiply the diameter of the tree, in inches, by a constant called the
growth factor for that species. The table above gives the growth factors for eight
species of trees. If a white birch tree and a pin oak tree each now have a diameter
of 1 foot, which of the following will be closest to the difference, in inches, of their
diameters 10 years from now? (1 foot = 12 inches)

A. 1.0

B. 1.2

C. 1.3

D. 1.4

ID: c9fb15ad Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. According to the given information, multiplying a tree species’ growth factor by the tree’s diameter is a
method to approximate the age of the tree. A white birch with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of
5 and is approximately 60 years old. A pin oak with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of 3 and is
approximately 36 years old. The diameters of the two trees 10 years from now can be found by dividing each tree’s age in 10

years, 70 years, and 46 years, by its respective growth factor. This yields 14 inches and inches. The difference between

and 14 is , or approximately 1.3 inches.

Alternate approach: Since a white birch has a growth factor of 5, the age increases at a rate of 5 years per inch or,

equivalently, the diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Likewise, the pin oak has a growth factor of 3, so its

diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Thus, the pin oak grows of an inch per year more than the white

birch. In 10 years it will grow of an inch more, which is approximately 1.3 inches.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and a result of incorrectly calculating the diameters of the two trees in 10 years.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d6af3572
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d6af3572

The scatterplot above shows the federal-mandated minimum wage every 10 years
between 1940 and 2010. A line of best fit is shown, and its equation is
. What does the line of best fit predict about the increase in the
minimum wage over the 70-year period?

A. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.

B. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.49 dollars.

C. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.

D. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.488 dollars.

ID: d6af3572 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The given equation is in slope-intercept form, or , where m is the value of the slope of the
line of best fit. Therefore, the slope of the line of best fit is 0.096. From the definition of slope, it follows that an increase of 1
in the x-value corresponds to an increase of 0.096 in the y-value. Therefore, the line of best fit predicts that for each year
between 1940 and 2010, the minimum wage will increase by 0.096 dollar per hour.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average increase, instead of the
slope. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret the
slope of the line of best fit. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average
increase, instead of the slope, and from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret the slope of
the line of best fit.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f8a322d9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: f8a322d9

Two data sets of integers each are summarized in the histograms shown. For each of the histograms, the first interval
represents the frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than . The second interval represents the
frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than , and so on. What is the smallest possible difference
between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B?

ID: f8a322d9 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The histograms shown have the same shape, but data set A contains values between and and
data set B contains values between and . Thus, the mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.
Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B is the difference
between the smallest possible mean of data set A and the greatest possible mean of data set B. In data set A, since there
are integers in the interval greater than or equal to but less than , integers greater than or equal to but less than
, integers greater than or equal to but less than , and integers greater than or equal to but less than , the
smallest possible mean for data set A is . In data set B, since there are integers greater than or
equal to but less than , integers greater than or equal to but less than , integers greater than or equal to
but less than , and integers greater than or equal to but less than , the largest possible mean for data set B is
. Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data
set B is , which is equivalent to
. This expression can be rewritten as
, or , which is equal to . Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of
data set B is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the ranges, not the means, of the data sets.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the greatest possible mean, not the smallest possible mean, of data set
A and the greatest possible mean of data set B.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the sum of the values in data set A and the sum of the
values in data set B, not the smallest possible difference between the means.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1e1027a7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 1e1027a7

The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream sales d, in dollars, and the
high temperature t, in degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of best fit
for the data is also shown. Which of the following could be an equation of the line
of best fit?

ID: 1e1027a7 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. On the line of best fit, d increases from approximately 480 to 880 between and . The slope

of the line of best fit is the difference in d-values divided by the difference in t-values, which gives , or
approximately 33. Writing the equation of the line of best fit in slope-intercept form gives , where b is the y-
coordinate of the y-intercept. This equation is satisfied by all points on the line, so when . Thus,
, which is equivalent to . Subtracting 396 from both sides of this equation gives .
Therefore, an equation for the line of best fit could be .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error in calculating the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-
intercept of the graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice B is incorrect and may result
from using the smallest value of t on the graph as the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the
graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice C is incorrect and may result from misidentifying
the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the smallest value of d on the graph.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1e8ccffd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 1e8ccffd

The mean score of 8 players in a basketball game was 14.5 points. If the highest
individual score is removed, the mean score of the remaining 7 players becomes
12 points. What was the highest score?

A. 20

B. 24

C. 32

D. 36

ID: 1e8ccffd Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. If the mean score of 8 players is 14.5, then the total of all 8 scores is . If the mean of 7
scores is 12, then the total of all 7 scores is . Since the set of 7 scores was made by removing the highest score
of the set of 8 scores, then the difference between the total of all 8 scores and the total of all 7 scores is equal to the
removed score: .

Choice A is incorrect because if 20 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is

is approximately 13.71, not 12. Choice B is incorrect because if 24 is removed from the group of 8 scores,

then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is is approximately 13.14, not 12. Choice D is incorrect

because if 36 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is or
approximately 11.43, not 12.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6626cac3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6626cac3

Phone Email

Dinner
55% 80%
dance

Football
20% 10%
game

Picnic 20% 5%

Pool party 5% 5%

Total 100% 100%

An alumni association survey asked each high school graduate to select the one activity he or she preferred
for the association’s next event. Some of the people responded by phone, and the others responded by email.
The table above shows the distribution of preferred activity, in percent, for each response type used. For the
survey, the number of email responses was twice the number of phone responses. If a person who preferred
a picnic is selected at random, what is the probability that the person responded by email?

ID: 6626cac3 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number of email responses is twice the number of phone responses. Therefore,
if the number of phone responses is p, then the number of email responses is . The table shows that 20% of people who
responded by phone preferred a picnic. It follows that the expression represents the number of these people. The
table also shows that 5% of the people who responded by email preferred a picnic. The expression , or ,
represents the number of these people. Therefore, a total of , or people preferred a picnic. Thus, the

probability of selecting at random a person who responded by email from the people who preferred a picnic is , or
. Note that 1/3, .3333, and 0.333 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 308084c5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error

ID: 308084c5

Sample Percent in favor Margin of error

A 52% 4.2%

B 48% 1.6%

The results of two random samples of votes for a proposition are shown above.
The samples were selected from the same population, and the margins of error
were calculated using the same method. Which of the following is the most
appropriate reason that the margin of error for sample A is greater than the margin
of error for sample B?

A. Sample A had a smaller number of votes that could not be recorded.

B. Sample A had a higher percent of favorable responses.

C. Sample A had a larger sample size.

D. Sample A had a smaller sample size.

ID: 308084c5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

The correct answer is 42. It’s given that in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, the probability of selecting an MTN subscriber
from all Internet subscribers is 0.43, that there were p million, or , MTN subscribers, and that there were 97
million, or 97,000,000, Internet subscribers. The probability of selecting an MTN subscriber from all Internet subscribers can
be found by dividing the number of MTN subscribers by the total number of Internet subscribers. Therefore, the equation

can be used to solve for p. Dividing 1,000,000 from the numerator and denominator of the

expression on the left-hand side yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 97 yields
, which, to the nearest integer, is 42.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7d68096f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Evaluating

and Data Analysis statistical claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments

ID: 7d68096f

A trivia tournament organizer wanted to study the relationship between the number of points a team scores in a trivia round
and the number of hours that a team practices each week. For the study, the organizer selected teams at random from all
trivia teams in a certain tournament. The table displays the information for the teams in the sample that practiced for at
least hours per week.

Number of points per round

Hours practiced
6 to 13 points 14 or more points Total

3 to 5 hours

More than 5 hours

Total
Which of the following is the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized?

A. All trivia teams in the tournament that scored or more points in the round

B. The trivia teams in the sample

C. The trivia teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week

D. All trivia teams in the tournament

ID: 7d68096f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that the organizer selected teams at random from all trivia teams in the tournament. A table
is also given displaying the information for the teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week. Selecting
a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey to be applied to the
population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. Thus, only the sampling method
information is necessary to determine the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized. Since the
organizer selected the sample at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, the largest population to which the results
of the study can be generalized is all trivia teams in the tournament.

Choice A is incorrect. The sample was selected at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, not just from the teams
that scored an average of or more points per round.
Choice B is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just the sample.

Choice C is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just a subset of the sample.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7b52985c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 7b52985c

The scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a certain bird spent in flight and the number of
days after January , .

What is the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the length
of time the bird spent in flight on January ?

ID: 7b52985c Answer

Correct Answer: 4.5, 9/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a
certain bird spent in flight and the number of days after January , . Since January is days after January , it
follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when , the corresponding
value of is . In other words, on January , the bird spent hours in flight. Since January is days after January , it
follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when , the corresponding
value of is . In other words, on January , the bird spent hours in flight. Therefore, the average rate of change, in
hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the length of time the bird spent in flight on
January is the difference in the length of time, in hours, the bird spent in flight divided by the difference in the number of
days after January , or , which is equivalent to . Note that 9/2 and 4.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 6a715bed
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6a715bed

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.

– years – years years Total

Group A

Group B

Group C

and Data Analysis

ID: 2e92cc21

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?

ID: 2e92cc21 Answer

Correct Answer: 9.87, 987/100

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number is greater than the number . It follows that ,
or . It’s also given that the number is less than . It follows that , or ,
which yields . Substituting for in the equation yields , which is equivalent to .
Therefore, the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3d73a58b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 3d73a58b

A gift shop buys souvenirs at a wholesale price of dollars each and resells them each at a retail price that is of
the wholesale price. At the end of the season, any remaining souvenirs are marked at a discounted price that is off the
retail price. What is the discounted price of each remaining souvenir, in dollars?

ID: 3d73a58b Answer

Correct Answer: 203/50, 4.06

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the retail price is of the wholesale price of . Thus, the retail price is
, which is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the discounted price is off the retail
price. Thus, the discounted price is , which is equivalent to , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 54d93874
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 54d93874

Masses (kilograms)

Andrew 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.7

Maria x 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8

Andrew and Maria each collected six rocks, and the masses of the rocks are
shown in the table above. The mean of the masses of the rocks Maria collected is
0.1 kilogram greater than the mean of the masses of the rocks Andrew collected.
What is the value of x ?

ID: 54d93874 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 2.6. Since the mean of a set of numbers can be found by adding the numbers together and dividing by
how many numbers there are in the set, the mean mass, in kilograms, of the rocks Andrew collected is

, or 2.8. Since the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is 0.1 kilogram
greater than the mean mass of rocks Andrew collected, the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is

kilograms. The value of x can be found by writing an equation for finding the mean: .
Solving this equation gives . Note that 2.6 and 13/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9b5b23fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9b5b23fc

For , the function is defined as follows:

equals of
Which of the following could describe this function?

A. Decreasing exponential

B. Decreasing linear

C. Increasing exponential

D. Increasing linear

ID: 9b5b23fc Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that for , is equal to of . This is equivalent to , or

, for . This function indicates that as increases, also increases, which means is an increasing
function. Furthermore, increases at a constant rate of for each increase of by . A function with a constant rate
of change is linear. Thus, the function can be described as an increasing linear function.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This could describe the function , where is equal to of , not ,
for .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8213b1b3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8213b1b3

According to a set of standards, a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus by mass. If a
sample of this substance has a mass of grams, what is the maximum mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can
contain to meet these standards?

ID: 8213b1b3 Answer

Correct Answer: .0014

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus by
mass to meet a set of standards. If a sample of the substance has a mass of grams, it follows that the maximum mass,
in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet the standards is of , or , which is
equivalent to , or . Note that .0014 and 0.001 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 94237701
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 94237701
For a certain computer game, individuals receive an integer score that ranges from 2 through 10. The table below shows the
frequency distribution of the scores of the 9 players in group A and the 11 players in group B.

Score
Score Frequencies

Group A Group B

2 1 0

3 1 0

4 2 0

5 1 4

6 3 2

7 0 0

8 0 2

9 1 1

10 0 2

Total 9 11

The median of the scores for group B is how much greater than the median of the
scores for group A?

ID: 94237701 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 1. When there are an odd number of values in a data set, the median of the data set is the middle
number when the data values are ordered from least to greatest. The scores for group A, ordered from least to greatest, are
2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, and 9. The median of the scores for group A is therefore 5. The scores for group B, ordered from least to
greatest, are 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9, 10, and 10. The median of the scores for group B is therefore 6. The median score for
group B is more than the median score for group A.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID ecd09c38
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: ecd09c38
Employees working for a customer service line at an electric company recorded all the calls last Monday and noted
whether the caller asked for repairs and whether the caller asked about a bill. The results are summarized in the table
below.
Asked for Did not ask
Total
repairs for repairs

Asked
48 623 671
about a bill

Did not ask

130 90 220
about a bill

Total 178 713 891

If a caller last Monday who asked about his or her bill is selected at random, which
of the following is closest to the probability that the customer also asked for
repairs?

A. 0.05

B. 0.07

C. 0.20

D. 0.27

ID: ecd09c38 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. According to the table, a total of 671 customers asked about a bill. Of these, 48 also asked for repairs.
Therefore, if a customer who asked about a bill is selected at random, the probability that the customer also asked for

repairs is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from all customers who called on Monday
both asked for repairs and asked about a bill. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at
random from all customers who called on Monday asked for repairs, regardless of whether or not the customer asked about
a bill. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from those who asked for repairs also
asked about a bill.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID ad911622
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: ad911622

The value of a collectible comic book increased by from the end of to the end of and then decreased by
from the end of to the end of . What was the net percentage increase in the value of the collectible comic
book from the end of to the end of ?

ID: ad911622 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. It’s given that the value of the comic book increased by from the end of to the end of .
Therefore, if the value of the comic book at the end of was dollars, then the value, in dollars, of the comic book at the
end of was , which can be rewritten as , or . It’s also given that the value of the comic
book decreased by from the end of to the end of . Therefore, the value, in dollars, of the comic book at the
end of was , which can be rewritten as , or . Thus, if the value
of the comic book at the end of was dollars, and the value of the comic book at the end of was
dollars, then from the end of to the end of , the value of the comic book increased by , or ,
dollars. Therefore, the increase in the value of the comic book from the end of to the end of is equal to
times the value of the comic book at the end of . It follows that from the end of to the end of , the net
percentage increase in the value of the comic book was , or .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 20b69297

Anita created a batch of green paint by mixing 2 ounces of blue paint with 3
ounces of yellow paint. She must mix a second batch using the same ratio of blue
and yellow paint as the first batch. If she uses 5 ounces of blue paint for the
second batch, how much yellow paint should Anita use?

A. Exactly 5 ounces

B. 3 ounces more than the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch

C. 1.5 times the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch

D. 1.5 times the amount of blue paint used in the second batch

ID: 20b69297 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch.

For any batch of paint that uses the same ratio, the amount of yellow paint used will be , or 1.5, times the amount of blue
paint used in the batch. Therefore, the amount of yellow paint Anita will use in the second batch will be 1.5 times the amount
of blue paint used in the second batch.

Alternate approach: It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch
and that she will use 5 ounces of blue paint for the second batch. A proportion can be set up to solve for x, the amount of

yellow paint she will use for the second batch: . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 3 yields , and
multiplying both sides of this equation by x yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Since

Anita will use 7.5 ounces of yellow paint for the second batch, this is times the amount of blue paint (5 ounces)
used in the second batch.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly interpreting the ratio of blue paint to yellow paint used.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID af142f8d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: af142f8d

Amount invested Balance increase

Account A $500 6% annual interest

Account B $1,000 $25 per year

Two investments were made as shown in the table above. The interest in Account
A is compounded once per year. Which of the following is true about the
investments?

A. Account A always earns more money per year than Account B.

B. Account A always earns less money per year than Account B.

C. Account A earns more money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns less money per year.

D. Account A earns less money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns more money per year.

ID: af142f8d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Account A starts with $500 and earns interest at 6% per year, so in the first year Account A earns (500)
(0.06) = $30, which is greater than the $25 that Account B earns that year. Compounding interest can be modeled by an
increasing exponential function, so each year Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year. Therefore, each
year Account A earns at least $30 in interest. Since Account B always earns $25 each year, Account A always earns more
money per year than Account B.

Choices B and D are incorrect. Account A earns $30 in the first year, which is greater than the $25 Account B earns in the first
year. Therefore, neither the statement that Account A always earns less money per year than Account B nor the statement
that Account A earns less money than Account B at first can be true. Choice C is incorrect. Since compounding interest can
be modeled by an increasing exponential function, each year Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year.
Therefore, Account A always earns at least $30 per year, which is more than the $25 per year that Account B earns.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 916ffe9b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error

ID: 916ffe9b

Poll Results

Angel Cruz

Terry Smith
The table shows the results of a poll. A total of voters selected at random were asked which candidate they would vote
for in the upcoming election. According to the poll, if people vote in the election, by how many votes would Angel Cruz
be expected to win?

ID: 916ffe9b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It's given that out of voters responded that they would vote for Angel Cruz. Therefore, the
proportion of voters from the poll who responded they would vote for Angel Cruz is . It’s also given that there are a total
of voters in the election. Therefore, the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz is
, or . Since of the total voters would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz, it follows that
, or voters would be expected not to vote for Angel Cruz. The difference in the number of votes for and
against Angel Cruz is , or votes. Therefore, if people vote in the election, Angel Cruz would be
expected to win by votes.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the difference in the number of voters from the poll who responded that they would vote for and
against Angel Cruz.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the difference between the total number of people who vote in the election and the number of
voters from the poll.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2266984b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 2266984b

The equation above defines a circle in the xy-plane. What are the
coordinates of the center of the circle?

ID: 2266984b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The standard equation of a circle in the xy-plane is of the form , where are
the coordinates of the center of the circle and r is the radius. The given equation can be rewritten in standard form by
completing the squares. So the sum of the first two terms, , needs a 100 to complete the square, and the sum of

the second two terms, , needs a 64 to complete the square. Adding 100 and 64 to both sides of the given equation

yields , which is equivalent to .

Therefore, the coordinates of the center of the circle are .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational errors made when attempting to complete the squares
or when identifying the coordinates of the center.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID b0a72bdc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: b0a72bdc

What is the diameter of the circle in the xy-plane with equation ?

ID: b0a72bdc Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is , where the
coordinates of the center of the circle are and the length of the radius of the circle is . For the circle in the xy-plane
with equation , it follows that . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation
yields or . Because represents the length of the radius of the circle and this length must be positive, .
Therefore, the radius of the circle is . The diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius of the circle. Thus, yields
. Therefore, the diameter of the circle is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the radius of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the square of the radius of the circle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 24cec8d1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 24cec8d1

A circle has center , and points and lie on the circle. In triangle , the measure of is . What is the
measure of , in degrees? (Disregard the degree symbol when entering your answer.)

ID: 24cec8d1 Answer

Correct Answer: 46

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that is the center of a circle and that points and lie on the circle. Therefore,
and are radii of the circle. It follows that . If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite
them are congruent. It follows that the angles and , which are across from the sides of equal length, are
congruent. Let represent the measure of . It follows that the measure of is also . It's given that the
measure of is . Because the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is , the equation
, or , can be used to find the measure of . Subtracting from both sides of
this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the measure of , in
degrees, is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9d159400
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 9d159400

Which of the following equations represents a circle in the xy-plane that intersects the y-axis at exactly one point?

A. msup

B. msup

C. msup

D. msup

ID: 9d159400 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The graph of the equation in the xy-plane is a circle with center and a
radius of length . The radius of a circle is the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the circle. If a circle in the
xy-plane intersects the y-axis at exactly one point, then the perpendicular distance from the center of the circle to this point
on the y-axis must be equal to the length of the circle's radius. It follows that the x-coordinate of the circle's center must be
equivalent to the length of the circle's radius. In other words, if the graph of is a circle that
intersects the y-axis at exactly one point, then must be true. The equation in choice C is
, or . This equation is in the form , where , , and ,
and represents a circle in the xy-plane with center and radius of length . Substituting for and for in the
equation yields , or , which is true. Therefore, the equation in choice C represents a circle in the xy-
plane that intersects the y-axis at exactly one point.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle that does not intersect the y-axis at any point.

Choice B is incorrect. This is an equation of a circle that intersects the x-axis, not the y-axis, at exactly one point.

Choice D is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle with the center located on the y-axis and thus intersects the y-axis at
exactly two points, not exactly one point.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID fb58c0db
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: fb58c0db

Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 1, and arc has length . What

fraction of the circumference of the circle is the length of arc ?

ID: fb58c0db Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . The circumference, C, of a circle is , where r is the length of the radius of the circle. For
the given circle with a radius of 1, the circumference is , or . To find what fraction of the circumference

the length of arc is, divide the length of the arc by the circumference, which gives . This division can be

represented by . Note that 1/6, .1666, .1667, 0.166, and 0.167 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4c95c7d4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 4c95c7d4

A graphic designer is creating a logo for a company. The logo is shown in the figure
above. The logo is in the shape of a trapezoid and consists of three congruent
equilateral triangles. If the perimeter of the logo is 20 centimeters, what is the
combined area of the shaded regions, in square centimeters, of the logo?

D. 16

ID: 4c95c7d4 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It’s given that the logo is in the shape of a trapezoid that consists of three congruent equilateral
triangles, and that the perimeter of the trapezoid is 20 centimeters (cm). Since the perimeter of the trapezoid is the sum of

the lengths of 5 of the sides of the triangles, the length of each side of an equilateral triangle is . Dividing up one
equilateral triangle into two right triangles yields a pair of congruent 30°-60°-90° triangles. The shorter leg of each right
triangle is half the length of the side of an equilateral triangle, or 2 cm. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, , the
height of the equilateral triangle can be found. Substituting and and solving for b yields

cm. The area of one equilateral triangle is , where and . Therefore, the area

of one equilateral triangle is . The shaded area consists of two such triangles, so its area is

Alternate approach: The area of a trapezoid can be found by evaluating the expression , where is the length
of one base, is the length of the other base, and h is the height of the trapezoid. Substituting , , and
yields the expression , or , which gives an area of for the trapezoid.

Since two-thirds of the trapezoid is shaded, the area of the shaded region is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the height of the trapezoid. Choice B is incorrect. This is the area of one of the equilateral
triangles, not two. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using a height of 4 for each triangle rather than the height of
.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ffe862a3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: ffe862a3

An isosceles right triangle has a hypotenuse of length inches. What is the perimeter, in inches, of this triangle?

ID: ffe862a3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Since the triangle is an isosceles right triangle, the two sides that form the right angle must be the same
length. Let be the length, in inches, of each of those sides. The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle,
, where is the length of the hypotenuse and and are the lengths of the other two sides. Substituting for
, for , and for in this equation yields , or . Dividing each side of this equation by yields
, or . Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields two solutions: and
. The value of must be positive because it represents a side length. Therefore, , or . The
perimeter, in inches, of the triangle is , or . Substituting for in this expression gives a perimeter,
in inches, of , or .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the length, in inches, of each of the congruent sides of the triangle, not the perimeter, in inches,
of the triangle.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the sum of the lengths, in inches, of the congruent sides of the triangle, not the perimeter, in
inches, of the triangle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f811d345
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: f811d345

A right triangle has legs with lengths of centimeters and centimeters. If the length of this triangle's hypotenuse, in
centimeters, can be written in the form , where is an integer, what is the value of ?

ID: f811d345 Answer

Correct Answer: 113

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the legs of a right triangle have lengths centimeters and centimeters. In a
right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs. It
follows that if represents the length, in centimeters, of the hypotenuse of the right triangle, . This
equation is equivalent to . Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields . This
equation can be rewritten as , or . This equation is equivalent to . It's given that
the length of the triangle's hypotenuse, in centimeters, can be written in the form . It follows that the value of is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6ab30ce3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 6ab30ce3

Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to . Angles and are right
angles. If and , what is the length of ?

ID: 6ab30ce3 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Corresponding angles in similar triangles have equal measures. It's given that triangle is similar to
triangle , where corresponds to , so the measure of angle is equal to the measure of angle . Therefore, if
, then . It's given that angles and are right angles, so triangles and are right
triangles. The adjacent side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side closest to the angle that is not the hypotenuse. It
follows that the adjacent side of angle is side . The opposite side of an acute angle in a right triangle is the side
across from the acute angle. It follows that the opposite side of angle is side . The tangent of an acute angle in a right
triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. Therefore, . If
, the length of side can be found by substituting for and for in the equation
, which yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Since the
length of side is times the length of side , it follows that triangle is a special right triangle with angle
measures , , and . Therefore, the length of the hypotenuse, , is times the length of side , or
. Substituting for in this equation yields , or . Thus, if
and , the length of is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the length of , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c6dff223
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: c6dff223

Triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle and angles and are right angles. The
length of is times the length of . If , what is the value of ?

ID: c6dff223 Answer

Correct Answer: .7241, 21/29

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle
and angles and are right angles. In similar triangles, the tangents of corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, if
, then . In a right triangle, the tangent of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite
the angle to the length of the leg adjacent to the angle. Therefore, in triangle , if , the ratio of the length of
to the length of is . If the lengths of and are and , respectively, then the ratio of the length of
to the length of is . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite the angle
to the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the value of is the ratio of the length of to the length of . The
length of can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that if the lengths of the legs of a right triangle
are and and the length of the hypotenuse is , then . Therefore, if the lengths of and are and
, respectively, then , or . Taking the positive square root of both sides of this
equation yields . Therefore, if the lengths of and are and , respectively, then the length of is
and the ratio of the length of to the length of is . Thus, if , the value of is . Note that 21/29,
.7241, and 0.724 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dba6a25a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: dba6a25a

In the figure above, is parallel to .

What is the length of ?

ID: dba6a25a Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 30. In the figure given, since is parallel to and both segments are intersected by , then
angle BDC and angle AEC are corresponding angles and therefore congruent. Angle BCD and angle ACE are also congruent
because they are the same angle. Triangle BCD and triangle ACE are similar because if two angles of one triangle are
congruent to two angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar. Since triangle BCD and triangle ACE are similar, their
corresponding sides are proportional. So in triangle BCD and triangle ACE, corresponds to and corresponds to

. Therefore, . Since triangle BCD is a right triangle, the Pythagorean theorem can be used to give the value

of CD: . Taking the square root of each side gives . Substituting the values in the proportion

yields . Multiplying each side by CE, and then multiplying by yields . Therefore, the

length of is 30.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 25da87f8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 25da87f8

A triangle with angle measures 30°, 60°, and 90° has a perimeter of .
What is the length of the longest side of the triangle?

ID: 25da87f8 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 12. It is given that the triangle has angle measures of 30°, 60°, and 90°, and so the triangle is a special
right triangle. The side measures of this type of special triangle are in the ratio . If x is the measure of the shortest
leg, then the measure of the other leg is and the measure of the hypotenuse is 2x. The perimeter of the triangle is given

to be , and so the equation for the perimeter can be written as . Combining like terms

and factoring out a common factor of x on the left-hand side of the equation gives . Rewriting the

right-hand side of the equation by factoring out 6 gives . Dividing both sides of the equation by the

common factor gives x = 6. The longest side of the right triangle, the hypotenuse, has a length of 2x, or 2(6), which
is 12.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2be01bd9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 2be01bd9

Triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle and angle corresponds to angle .
Angles and are right angles. If , what is the value of ?

ID: 2be01bd9 Answer

Correct Answer: .14, 7/50

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that triangle is similar to triangle , where angle corresponds to angle
and angle corresponds to angle . In similar triangles, the tangents of corresponding angles are equal. Since angle and
angle are corresponding angles, if , then . It's also given that angles and are right
angles. It follows that triangle is a right triangle with acute angles and . The tangent of one acute angle in a right
triangle is the inverse of the tangent of the other acute angle in the triangle. Therefore, . Substituting
for in this equation yields , or . Thus, if , the value of is .
Note that 7/50 and .14 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 55bb437a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 55bb437a

In the figure above, . If and

, what is the length of ?

ID: 55bb437a Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 6. Since , and are both similar to 3-4-5 triangles. This means that they
are both similar to the right triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4, and 5. Since , which is 3 times as long as the

hypotenuse of the 3-4-5 triangle, the similarity ratio of to the 3-4-5 triangle is 3:1. Therefore, the length of (the

side opposite to ) is , and the length of (the side adjacent to ) is . It is also given that
. Since and , it follows that , which means that the similarity ratio of to

the 3-4-5 triangle is 2:1 ( is the side adjacent to ). Therefore, the length of , which is the side opposite to , is
.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e10d8313
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: e10d8313

In the figure shown, points , , , and lie on line segment , and line segment intersects line segment at
point . The measure of is , the measure of is , the measure of is , and the measure
of is . What is the measure, in degrees, of ?

ID: e10d8313 Answer

Correct Answer: 123

Rationale

The correct answer is . The triangle angle sum theorem states that the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a
triangle is degrees. It's given that the measure of is and the measure of is . Since points , ,
and form a triangle, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of is
, or . It's also given that the measure of is . Since and are supplementary
angles, the sum of their measures is degrees. It follows that the measure, in degrees, of is , or .
Since points , , and form a triangle, and is the same angle as , it follows from the triangle angle sum
theorem that the measure, in degrees, of is , or . It's given that the measure of is .
Since and are supplementary angles, the sum of their measures is degrees. It follows that the measure,
in degrees, of is , or . Since points , , and form a triangle, and is the same angle as
, it follows from the triangle angle sum theorem that the measure, in degrees, of is , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID a0369739
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: a0369739

In triangle , the measure of angle is and is an altitude of the triangle. The length of is and the
length of is greater than the length of . What is the value of ?

ID: a0369739 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that in triangle , the measure of angle is and is an altitude of the triangle.
Therefore, the measure of angle is . It follows that angle is congruent to angle and angle is congruent to
angle . By the angle-angle similarity postulate, triangle is similar to triangle . Since triangles and
are similar, it follows that . It's also given that the length of is and the length of is greater than the
length of . Therefore, the length of is , or . Substituting for and for in the equation
yields . Therefore, the value of is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 740bf79f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 740bf79f

In the figure above, what is the

length of ?

A. 2.2

B. 2.3

C. 2.4

D. 2.5

ID: 740bf79f Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. First, is the hypotenuse of right , whose legs have lengths 3 and 4. Therefore,

, so and . Second, because corresponds to and because

corresponds to , is similar to . The ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles is constant, so

. Since and it’s given that and , . Solving for NQ results in , or

2.4.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from setting up incorrect ratios.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID eeb4143c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: eeb4143c

The area of triangle ABC above is at least 48 but no more than 60. If y is an
integer, what is one possible value of x ?

ID: eeb4143c Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is either , , or . The area of triangle ABC can be expressed as or . It’s given
that the area of triangle ABC is at least 48 but no more than 60. It follows that . Dividing by 6 to isolate y in this
compound inequality yields . Since y is an integer, . In the given figure, the two right triangles
shown are similar because they have two pairs of congruent angles: their respective right angles and angle A. Therefore, the

following proportion is true: . Substituting 8 for y in the proportion results in . Cross multiplying and

solving for x yields . Substituting 9 for y in the proportion results in . Cross multiplying and solving for x yields

. Substituting 10 for y in the proportion results in . Cross multiplying and solving for x yields . Note that
10/3, 15/4, 25/6, 3.333, 3.75, 4.166, and 4.167 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6a3fbec3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 6a3fbec3

In the figure above, and .

What is the length of ?

ID: 6a3fbec3 Answer

Question ID b0dc920d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: b0dc920d

A manufacturer determined that right cylindrical containers with a height that is 4

inches longer than the radius offer the optimal number of containers to be
displayed on a shelf. Which of the following expresses the volume, V, in cubic
inches, of such containers, where r is the radius, in inches?

ID: b0dc920d Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The volume, V, of a right cylinder is given by the formula , where r represents the radius of the
base of the cylinder and h represents the height. Since the height is 4 inches longer than the radius, the expression
represents the height of each cylindrical container. It follows that the volume of each container is represented by the
equation . Distributing the expression into each term in the parentheses yields .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from representing the height as instead of . Choice B is incorrect and may result
from representing the height as instead of . Choice C is incorrect and may result from representing the volume of a

right cylinder as instead of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID dc71597b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: dc71597b

A right circular cone has a volume of cubic feet and a height of 9 feet. What
is the radius, in feet, of the base of the cone?

D. 3

ID: dc71597b Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The equation for the volume of a right circular cone is . It’s given that the volume of the

right circular cone is cubic feet and the height is 9 feet. Substituting these values for V and h, respectively, gives

. Dividing both sides of the equation by gives . Dividing both sides of the equation by 9

gives . Taking the square root of both sides results in two possible values for the radius, or . Since

the radius can’t have a negative value, that leaves as the only possibility. Applying the quotient property of square

roots, , results in , or .

Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly evaluating . Choice D is incorrect and may result from

solving instead of .
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID eb70d2d0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: eb70d2d0

What is the area, in square units, of the triangle formed by connecting the three points shown?

ID: eb70d2d0 Answer

Correct Answer: 24.5, 49/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that a triangle is formed by connecting the three points shown, which are ,
, and . Let this triangle be triangle A. The area of triangle A can be found by calculating the area of the
rectangle that circumscribes it and subtracting the areas of the three triangles that are inside the rectangle but outside
triangle A. The rectangle formed by the points , , , and circumscribes triangle A. The width, in
units, of this rectangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points and . This distance is
, or . The length, in units, of this rectangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points and
. This distance is , or . It follows that the area, in square units, of the rectangle is , or . One of the
triangles that lies inside the rectangle but outside triangle A is formed by the points , , and . The length, in
units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points and . This distance
is , or . The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points
and . This distance is , or . It follows that the area, in square units, of this triangle is , or .
A second triangle that lies inside the rectangle but outside triangle A is formed by the points , , and .
The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points and
. This distance is , or . The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance
between the points and . This distance is , or . It follows that the area, in square units, of this triangle
is , or . The third triangle that lies inside the rectangle but outside triangle A is formed by the points ,
, and . The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance between the
points and . This distance is , or . The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle can be
found by calculating the distance between the points and . This distance is , or . It follows that
the area, in square units, of this triangle is , or . Thus, the area, in square units, of the triangle formed by
connecting the three points shown is , or . Note that 24.5 and 49/2 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 306264ab
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: 306264ab

A right triangle has sides of length , , and units. What is the area of the triangle, in square units?

ID: 306264ab Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The area, , of a triangle can be found using the formula , where is the length of the base of
the triangle and is the height of the triangle. It's given that the triangle is a right triangle. Therefore, its base and height can
be represented by the two legs. It’s also given that the triangle has sides of length , , and units. Since
units is the greatest of these lengths, it's the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the two legs have lengths and
units. Substituting these values for and in the formula gives , which is equivalent to
square units, or square units.

Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the perimeter, rather than the area, of the triangle.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 310c87fe
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: 310c87fe

A cube has a surface area of 54 square meters. What is the

volume, in cubic meters, of the cube?

A. 18

B. 27

C. 36

D. 81

ID: 310c87fe Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The surface area of a cube with side length s is equal to . Since the surface area is given as 54

square meters, the equation can be used to solve for s. Dividing both sides of the equation by 6 yields .
Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields and . Since the side length of a cube must be a
positive value, can be discarded as a possible solution, leaving . The volume of a cube with side length s is

equal to . Therefore, the volume of this cube, in cubic meters, is , or 27.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c8345903
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: c8345903

The circle above has center O, the length of arc is , and

. What is the length of arc ?

ID: c8345903 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The ratio of the lengths of two arcs of a circle is equal to the ratio of the measures of the central angles
that subtend the arcs. It’s given that arc is subtended by a central angle with measure 100°. Since the sum of the

measures of the angles about a point is 360°, it follows that arc is subtended by a central angle with measure

. If s is the length of arc , then s must satisfy the ratio . Reducing the fraction

to its simplest form gives . Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of by yields .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the length of an arc consisting of exactly half of the circle, but arc is greater than half of
the circle. Choice C is incorrect. This is the total circumference of the circle. Choice D is incorrect. This is half the length of
arc , not its full length.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 901c3215
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 901c3215

In triangles and , angles and each have measure and angles and each have measure . Which
additional piece of information is sufficient to determine whether triangle is congruent to triangle ?

A. The measure of angle

B. The length of side

C. The lengths of sides and

D. No additional information is necessary.

ID: 901c3215 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Since angles and each have the same measure and angles and each have the same measure,
triangles and are similar, where side corresponds to side . To determine whether two similar triangles
are congruent, it is sufficient to determine whether one pair of corresponding sides are congruent. Therefore, to determine
whether triangles and are congruent, it is sufficient to determine whether sides and have equal length.
Thus, the lengths of and are sufficient to determine whether triangle is congruent to triangle .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect. The given information is sufficient to determine that triangles and are similar, but not
whether they are congruent.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 76c73dbf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 76c73dbf

The graph of in the xy-plane is a circle. What is the length of the circle’s radius?

ID: 76c73dbf Answer

Correct Answer: 10

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the graph of in the xy-plane is a circle. The equation of a
circle in the xy-plane can be written in the form , where the coordinates of the center of the circle
are and the length of the radius of the circle is . The term in this equation can be obtained by adding the
square of half the coefficient of to both sides of the given equation to complete the square. The coefficient of is . Half
the coefficient of is . The square of half the coefficient of is . Adding to each side of
yields , or .
Similarly, the term can be obtained by adding the square of half the coefficient of to both sides of this equation,
which yields , or . This equation is
equivalent to , or . Therefore, the length of the circle's radius
is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f88f27e5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: f88f27e5
Intersecting lines r, s, and t are shown below.

What is the value of x ?

ID: f88f27e5 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 97. The intersecting lines form a triangle, and the angle with measure of is an exterior angle of this
triangle. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two nonadjacent interior
angles of the triangle. One of these angles has measure of and the other, which is supplementary to the angle with
measure , has measure of . Therefore, the value of x is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 947a3cde
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 947a3cde

In the figure above, and intersect at point P, , and .

What is the measure, in degrees, of ? (Disregard the degree symbol when
gridding your answer.)

ID: 947a3cde Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 30. It is given that the measure of is . Angle MPR and are collinear and therefore
are supplementary angles. This means that the sum of the two angle measures is , and so the measure of is
. The sum of the angles in a triangle is . Subtracting the measure of from yields the sum of the
other angles in the triangle MPR. Since , the sum of the measures of and is . It is
given that , so it follows that triangle MPR is isosceles. Therefore and must be congruent. Since

the sum of the measure of these two angles is , it follows that the measure of each angle is .

An alternate approach would be to use the exterior angle theorem, noting that the measure of is equal to the sum of
the measures of and . Since both angles are equal, each of them has a measure of .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6d99b141
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 6d99b141

In the figure, . The measure of angle is , and the measure of angle is . What is the value of
?

ID: 6d99b141 Answer

Correct Answer: 83

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that in the figure, . Thus, triangle is an isosceles triangle and the
measure of angle is equal to the measure of angle . The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle
is . Thus, the sum of the measures of the interior angles of triangle is . It's given that the measure of angle
is . It follows that the sum of the measures of angles and is , or . Since the
measure of angle is equal to the measure of angle , the measure of angle is half of , or . The sum
of the measures of the interior angles of triangle is . It's given that the measure of angle is . Since the
measure of angle , which is the same angle as angle , is , it follows that the measure of angle is
, or . Since angle and angle form a straight line, the sum of the measures of these
angles is . It's given in the figure that the measure of angle is . It follows that . Subtracting
from both sides of this equation yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f7dbde16
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: f7dbde16

In triangles and , angles and each have measure , , and . Which additional piece of
information is sufficient to prove that triangle is similar to triangle ?

A. and

B. and

C. The measures of angles and are and , respectively.

D. The measures of angles and are and , respectively.

ID: f7dbde16 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. Two triangles are similar if they have three pairs of congruent corresponding angles. It’s given that
angles and each measure , and so these corresponding angles are congruent. If angle is , then angle
must be so that the sum of the angles in triangle is . If angle is , then angle must be so that
the sum of the angles in triangle is . Therefore, if the measures of angles and are and ,
respectively, then corresponding angles and are both , and corresponding angles and are both . It follows
that triangles and have three pairs of congruent corresponding angles, and so the triangles are similar.
Therefore, the additional piece of information that is sufficient to prove that triangle is similar to triangle is that
the measures of angles and are and , respectively.

Choice A is incorrect. If the measures of two sides in one triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides in another
triangle and the included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar. However, the two sides given are not
proportional and the angle given is not included by the given sides.

Choice B is incorrect. If the measures of two sides in one triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides in another
triangle and the included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar. However, the angle given is not included
between the proportional sides.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID bd87bc09
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: bd87bc09

Triangle above is a right triangle, and .

What is the length of side ?

ID: bd87bc09 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 24. The sine of an acute angle in a right triangle is equal to the ratio of the length of the side opposite
the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the sine of angle B, or , is equal to the ratio of the

length of side to the length of side . It’s given that the length of side is 26 and that . Therefore,

. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 26 yields .

By the Pythagorean Theorem, the relationship between the lengths of the sides of triangle ABC is as follows:
, or . Subtracting 100 from both sides of yields . Taking

the square root of both sides of yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 69b0d79d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 69b0d79d

Point O is the center of the circle above, and the measure of is . If the

length of is 18, what is the length of arc ?

ID: 69b0d79d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Because segments OA and OB are radii of the circle centered at point O, these segments have equal
lengths. Therefore, triangle AOB is an isosceles triangle, where angles OAB and OBA are congruent base angles of the
triangle. It’s given that angle OAB measures . Therefore, angle OBA also measures . Let represent the measure
of angle AOB. Since the sum of the measures of the three angles of any triangle is , it follows that

, or . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields , or

radians. Therefore, the measure of angle AOB, and thus the measure of arc , is radians. Since is a radius of the

given circle and its length is 18, the length of the radius of the circle is 18. Therefore, the length of arc can be calculated

as , or .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 1429dcdf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 1429dcdf

In the triangle shown, what is the value of ?

ID: 1429dcdf Answer

Correct Answer: .6956, .6957, 16/23

Rationale

The correct answer is . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is defined as the ratio of the length of the side
opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. In the triangle shown, the length of the side opposite the angle with
measure is units and the length of the hypotenuse is units. Therefore, the value of is . Note that 16/23,
.6956, .6957, 0.695, and 0.696 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 249d3f80
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 249d3f80

Point is the center of a circle. The measure of arc on this circle is . What is the measure, in degrees, of its
associated angle ?

ID: 249d3f80 Answer

Correct Answer: 100

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that point is the center of a circle and the measure of arc on the circle is . It
follows that points and lie on the circle. Therefore, and are radii of the circle. A central angle is an angle formed
by two radii of a circle, with its vertex at the center of the circle. Therefore, is a central angle. Because the degree
measure of an arc is equal to the measure of its associated central angle, it follows that the measure, in degrees, of
is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID bd7f6e30
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: bd7f6e30

In the figure above, .

What is the value of x ?

A. 72

B. 66

C. 64

D. 58

ID: bd7f6e30 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Since , it follows that is an isosceles triangle with base RU. Therefore, and
are the base angles of an isosceles triangle and are congruent. Let the measures of both and be
. According to the triangle sum theorem, the sum of the measures of the three angles of a triangle is . Therefore,
, so .

Note that is the same angle as . Thus, the measure of is . According to the triangle exterior
angle theorem, an external angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles. Therefore, is equal to
the sum of the measures of and ; that is, . Thus, the value of x is 64.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the measure of , but is not congruent to . Choices A and D are incorrect
and may result from a calculation error.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0e709a29
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 0e709a29

The side lengths of right triangle are given. Triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and
corresponds to . What is the value of ?

ID: 0e709a29 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The hypotenuse of triangle is the longest side and is across from the right angle. The longest side
length given is , which is the length of side . Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle is side , so the right
angle is angle . The tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side, which is the
side across from the angle, to the length of the adjacent side, which is the side closest to the angle that is not the
hypotenuse. It follows that the opposite side of angle is side and the adjacent side of angle is side . Therefore,
. Substituting for and for in this equation yields . This is equivalent to
. It’s given that triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to .
It follows that corresponds to . Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle is side , which means .
Since the lengths of corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, . Therefore, is
equivalent to , or . Thus, .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5b4757df
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 5b4757df

In triangle , angle is a right angle, point lies on , point lies on , and is parallel to . If the length of
is units, the length of is units, and the area of triangle is square units, what is the length of , in
units?

ID: 5b4757df Answer

Correct Answer: 14.66, 14.67, 44/3

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that in triangle , angle is a right angle. The area of a right triangle can be found
using the formula 𝓁 𝓁 , where represents the area of the right triangle, 𝓁 represents the length of one leg of the
triangle, and 𝓁 represents the length of the other leg of the triangle. In triangle , the two legs are and .
Therefore, if the length of is and the area of triangle is , then , or .
Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Therefore, the length of is . It's also given that point lies
on , point lies on , and is parallel to . It follows that angle is a right angle. Since triangles and
share angle and have right angles and , respectively, triangles and are similar triangles. Therefore,
the ratio of the length of to the length of is equal to the ratio of the length of to the length of . If the length
of is and the length of is , it follows that the ratio of the length of to the length of is , or , so the
ratio of the length of to the length of is . Therefore, . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Since the length of , , is the sum of the
length of , , and the length of , it follows that the length of is , or . Note that 44/3, 14.66, and
14.67 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ae041e52
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: ae041e52

A square is inscribed in a circle. The radius of the circle is inches. What is the side length, in inches, of the square?

ID: ae041e52 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. When a square is inscribed in a circle, a diagonal of the square is a diameter of the circle. It's given that a
square is inscribed in a circle and the length of a radius of the circle is inches. Therefore, the length of a diameter of
the circle is inches, or inches. It follows that the length of a diagonal of the square is inches. A
diagonal of a square separates the square into two right triangles in which the legs are the sides of the square and the
hypotenuse is a diagonal. Since a square has congruent sides, each of these two right triangles has congruent legs and a
hypotenuse of length inches. Since each of these two right triangles has congruent legs, they are both - -
triangles. In a - - triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is times the length of a leg. Let represent the length of a
leg of one of these - - triangles. It follows that . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields
. Therefore, the length of a leg of one of these - - triangles is inches. Since the legs of these two - -
triangles are the sides of the square, it follows that the side length of the square is inches.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the length of a radius, in inches, of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the length of a diameter, in inches, of the circle.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID acd30391
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: acd30391

A circle in the xy-plane has equation . Which of the

following points does NOT lie in the interior of the circle?

ID: acd30391 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The circle with equation has center and radius 5. For a point to be inside
of the circle, the distance from that point to the center must be less than the radius, 5. The distance between and

is , which is greater than 5. Therefore, does NOT lie in the

interior of the circle.

Choice A is incorrect. The distance between and is , which

is less than 5, and therefore lies in the interior of the circle. Choice B is incorrect because it is the center of the circle.

Choice C is incorrect because the distance between and is , which

The correct answer is . The surface area of a prism is the sum of the areas of all its faces. A right rectangular prism
consists of six rectangular faces, where opposite faces are congruent. It's given that this prism has a length of ,a
width of , and a height of . Thus, for this prism, there are two faces with area , two faces with
area , and two faces with area . Therefore, the surface area, , of the right rectangular
prism is , or .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6933b3d9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 6933b3d9

In triangle RST above, point W (not shown) lies on . What is the

value of ?

ID: 6933b3d9 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 0. Note that no matter where point W is on , the sum of the measures of and is
equal to the measure of , which is . Thus, and are complementary angles. Since the cosine of

an angle is equal to the sine of its complementary angle, . Therefore,

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9acd101f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 9acd101f

The equation represents circle A. Circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down units in the xy-plane.
Which of the following equations represents circle B?

A. msup

B. msup

C. msup

D. msup

ID: 9acd101f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The graph in the xy-plane of an equation of the form is a circle with center
and a radius of length . It's given that circle A is represented by , which can be rewritten as
. Therefore, circle A has center and a radius of length . Shifting circle A down two units is a rigid
vertical translation of circle A that does not change its size or shape. Since circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down two
units, it follows that circle B has the same radius as circle A, and for each point on circle A, the point lies
on circle B. Moreover, if is the center of circle A, then is the center of circle B. Therefore, circle B has a
radius of and the center of circle B is , or . Thus, circle B can be represented by the equation
, or .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A right units.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A up units.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the equation of a circle obtained by shifting circle A left units.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 89661424
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 89661424

A circle in the xy-plane has its center at and has a radius of . An equation of this circle is
, where , , and are constants. What is the value of ?

ID: 89661424 Answer

Correct Answer: -52

Rationale

The correct answer is . The equation of a circle in the xy-plane with its center at and a radius of can be written
in the form . It's given that a circle in the xy-plane has its center at and has a radius of .
Substituting for , for , and for in the equation yields
, or . It's also given that an equation of this circle is
, where , , and are constants. Therefore, can be rewritten in
the form . The equation , or
, can be rewritten as .
Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation yields . Subtracting from
both sides of this equation yields , which is equivalent to
. This equation is in the form . Therefore, the value of
is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7c25b0dc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 7c25b0dc

The length of a rectangle’s diagonal is , and the length of the rectangle’s shorter side is . What is the length of the
rectangle’s longer side?

ID: 7c25b0dc Answer

Correct Answer: 12

Rationale

The correct answer is . The diagonal of a rectangle forms a right triangle, where the shorter side and the longer side of the
rectangle are the legs of the triangle and the diagonal of the rectangle is the hypotenuse of the triangle. It's given that the
length of the rectangle's diagonal is and the length of the rectangle's shorter side is . Thus, the length of the
hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by the diagonal is and the length of one of the legs is . By the Pythagorean
theorem, if a right triangle has a hypotenuse with length and legs with lengths and , then . Substituting

for and for in this equation yields , or . Subtracting from both sides of
this equation yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields , or . Since
represents a length, which must be positive, the value of is . Thus, the length of the rectangle's longer side is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e80d62c6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: e80d62c6

The equation represents circle A. Circle B is obtained by shifting circle A down units in the xy-plane.
Which of the following equations represents circle B?

A. msup

B. msup

C. msup

D. msup

ID: e80d62c6 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The standard form of an equation of a circle in the xy-plane is , where the
coordinates of the center of the circle are and the length of the radius of the circle is . The equation of circle A,
, can be rewritten as . Therefore, the center of circle A is at and the
length of the radius of circle A is . If circle A is shifted down units, the y-coordinate of its center will decrease by ; the
radius of the circle and the x-coordinate of its center will not change. Therefore, the center of circle B is at , or
, and its radius is . Substituting for , for , and for in the equation yields
, or . Therefore, the equation represents circle
B.

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A up, rather than down, units.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A right, rather than down, units.

Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a circle obtained by shifting circle A left, rather than down, units.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f243c383
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: f243c383

Two identical rectangular prisms each have a height of . The base of each prism is a square, and the
surface area of each prism is . If the prisms are glued together along a square base, the resulting prism has a surface
area of . What is the side length, in , of each square base?

ID: f243c383 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Let represent the side length, in , of each square base. If the two prisms are glued together along a
square base, the resulting prism has a surface area equal to twice the surface area of one of the prisms, minus the area of
the two square bases that are being glued together, which yields . It’s given that this resulting surface area
is equal to , so . Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields
. This equation can be rewritten by multiplying on the left-hand side by , which yields
, or . Adding to both sides of this equation yields . Multiplying
both sides of this equation by yields . The surface area , in , of each rectangular prism is equivalent to
the sum of the areas of the two square bases and the areas of the four lateral faces. Since the height of each rectangular
prism is and the side length of each square base is , it follows that the area of each square base is and
the area of each lateral face is . Therefore, the surface area of each rectangular prism can be represented by the
expression , or . Substituting this expression for in the equation yields
. Subtracting and from both sides of this equation yields . Factoring
from the right-hand side of this equation yields . Applying the zero product property, it follows that
and . Adding to both sides of the equation yields . Dividing both
sides of this equation by yields . Since a side length of a rectangular prism can’t be , the length of each square
base is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 92eb236a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Right triangles and

Trigonometry trigonometry

ID: 92eb236a

In a right triangle, the tangent of one of the two acute angles is . What
is the tangent of the other acute angle?

ID: 92eb236a Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The tangent of a nonright angle in a right triangle is defined as the ratio of the length of the leg opposite
the angle to the length of the leg adjacent to the angle. Using that definition for tangent, in a right triangle with legs that have

lengths a and b, the tangent of one acute angle is and the tangent for the other acute angle is . It follows that the
tangents of the acute angles in a right triangle are reciprocals of each other. Therefore, the tangent of the other acute angle

in the given triangle is the reciprocal of or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from assuming that the tangent of the other acute angle is the negative of the tangent
of the angle described. Choice B is incorrect and may result from assuming that the tangent of the other acute angle is the
negative of the reciprocal of the tangent of the angle described. Choice C is incorrect and may result from interpreting the
tangent of the other acute angle as equal to the tangent of the angle described.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 459dd6c5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: 459dd6c5

Triangles and are similar. Each side length of triangle is times the corresponding side length of triangle
. The area of triangle is square inches. What is the area, in square inches, of triangle ?

ID: 459dd6c5 Answer

Correct Answer: 135/8, 16.87, 16.88

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that triangles and are similar and each side length of triangle is
times the corresponding side length of triangle . For two similar triangles, if each side length of the first triangle is
times the corresponding side length of the second triangle, then the area of the first triangle is times the area of the
second triangle. Therefore, the area of triangle is , or , times the area of triangle . It's given that the area of
triangle is square inches. Let represent the area, in square inches, of triangle . It follows that is
times , or . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields , which is equivalent to . Thus, the
area, in square inches, of triangle is . Note that 135/8, 16.87, and 16.88 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 17912810
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Lines, angles, and

Trigonometry triangles

ID: 17912810

In the figure, parallel lines and are intersected by lines and . If and , what is the value of ?

ID: 17912810 Answer

Correct Answer: 101/2, 50.5

Rationale

The correct answer is . In the figure, lines , , and form a triangle. One interior angle of this triangle is vertical to the
angle marked ; therefore, the interior angle also has measure . It's given that . Therefore, the interior angle of the
triangle has measure . A second interior angle of the triangle forms a straight line, , with the angle marked .
Therefore, the sum of the measures of these two angles is . It's given that . Therefore, the angle marked has
measure and the second interior angle of the triangle has measure , or . The sum of the interior
angles of a triangle is . Therefore, the measure of the third interior angle of the triangle is , or .
It's given that parallel lines and are intersected by line . It follows that the triangle's interior angle with measure is
congruent to the same side interior angle between lines and formed by lines and . Since this angle is supplementary to
the two angles marked , the sum of , , and is . It follows that , or .
Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields .
Note that 101/2 and 50.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f7e626b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: f7e626b2

The dimensions of a right rectangular prism are 4 inches by 5 inches by 6 inches.

What is the surface area, in square inches, of the prism?

A. 30

B. 74

C. 120

D. 148

ID: f7e626b2 Answer

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The surface area is found by summing the area of each face. A right rectangular prism consists of three
pairs of congruent rectangles, so the surface area is found by multiplying the areas of three adjacent rectangles by 2 and
adding these products. For this prism, the surface area is equal to , or ,
which is equal to 148.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the area of one of the faces of the prism. Choice B is incorrect and may result from adding the
areas of three adjacent rectangles without multiplying by 2. Choice C is incorrect. This is the volume, in cubic inches, of the
prism.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f329442c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: f329442c

Circle has a radius of and circle has a radius of , where is a positive constant. The area of circle is how
many times the area of circle ?

ID: f329442c Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The area of a circle can be found by using the formula , where is the area and is the radius
of the circle. It’s given that the radius of circle A is . Substituting this value for into the formula gives
, or . It’s also given that the radius of circle B is . Substituting this value for into the formula
gives , or . Dividing the area of circle B by the area of circle A gives , which
simplifies to . Therefore, the area of circle B is times the area of circle A.

Choice A is incorrect. This is how many times greater the radius of circle B is than the radius of circle A.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This is the coefficient on the term that describes the radius of circle B.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 981275d2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 981275d2

In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation above is a circle. Point P is on the circle
and has coordinates . If is a diameter of the circle, what are the
coordinates of point Q ?

ID: 981275d2 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The standard form for the equation of a circle is , where are the
coordinates of the center and r is the length of the radius. According to the given equation, the center of the circle is .

Let represent the coordinates of point Q. Since point P and point Q are the endpoints of a diameter
of the circle, the center lies on the diameter, halfway between P and Q. Therefore, the following relationships hold:

and . Solving the equations for and , respectively, yields and .

Therefore, the coordinates of point Q are .

Alternate approach: Since point P on the circle and the center of the circle have the same y-coordinate, it

follows that the radius of the circle is . In addition, the opposite end of the diameter must have the same y-
coordinate as P and be 4 units away from the center. Hence, the coordinates of point Q must be .

Choices B and D are incorrect because the points given in these choices lie on a diameter that is perpendicular to the
diameter . If either of these points were point Q, then would not be the diameter of the circle. Choice C is incorrect
because is the center of the circle and does not lie on the circle.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 93de3f84
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume

Trigonometry

ID: 93de3f84

The volume of right circular cylinder A is 22 cubic centimeters. What is the volume,
in cubic centimeters, of a right circular cylinder with twice the radius and half the
height of cylinder A?

A. 11

B. 22

C. 44

D. 66

ID: 93de3f84 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The volume of right circular cylinder A is given by the expression , where r is the radius of its
circular base and h is its height. The volume of a cylinder with twice the radius and half the height of cylinder A is given by

, which is equivalent to . Therefore, the volume is twice the volume of cylinder A, or

Choice A is incorrect and likely results from not multiplying the radius of cylinder A by 2. Choice B is incorrect and likely
results from not squaring the 2 in 2r when applying the volume formula. Choice D is incorrect and likely results from a
conceptual error.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9e44284b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: 9e44284b

In the xy-plane, the graph of is a

circle. What is the radius of the circle?

A. 5

B. 6.5

ID: 9e44284b Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. One way to find the radius of the circle is to rewrite the given equation in standard form,
, where is the center of the circle and the radius of the circle is r. To do this, divide the original

equation, , by 2 to make the leading coefficients of and each equal to 1:

. Then complete the square to put the equation in standard form. To do so, first rewrite

as . Second, add 2.25 and 0.25 to both

sides of the equation: . Since ,

, and , it follows that . Therefore, the radius of the circle is 5.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of errors in manipulating the equation or of a misconception about
the standard form of the equation of a circle in the xy-plane.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ab176ad6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Geometry and Circles

Trigonometry

ID: ab176ad6

The equation defines a circle in the

xy‑plane. What is the radius of the circle?

ID: ab176ad6 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 11. A circle with equation , where a, b, and r are constants, has center

and radius r. Therefore, the radius of the given circle is , or 11.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 457d2f2c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 457d2f2c

A data set of 27 different numbers has a mean of 33 and a median of 33. A new
data set is created by adding 7 to each number in the original data set that is
greater than the median and subtracting 7 from each number in the original data
set that is less than the median. Which of the following measures does NOT have
the same value in both the original and new data sets?

A. Median

B. Mean

C. Sum of the numbers

D. Standard deviation

ID: 457d2f2c Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. When a data set has an odd number of elements, the median can be found by ordering the values from
least to greatest and determining the middle value. Out of the 27 different numbers in this data set, 13 numbers are below
the median, one number is exactly 33, and 13 numbers are above the median. When 7 is subtracted from each number below
the median and added to each number above the median, the data spread out from the median. Since the median of this
data set, 33, is equivalent to the mean of the data set, the data also spread out from the mean. Since standard deviation is a
measure of how spread out the data are from the mean, a greater spread from the mean indicates an increased standard
deviation.

Choice A is incorrect. All the numbers less than the median decrease and all the numbers greater than the median increase,
but the median itself doesn’t change. Choices B and C are incorrect. The mean of a data set is found by dividing the sum of
the values by the number of values. The net change from subtracting 7 from 13 numbers and adding 7 to 13 numbers is
zero. Therefore, neither the mean nor the sum of the numbers changes.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0231050d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 0231050d

The line graph shows the total amount of snow, in inches, recorded each year in
Washington, DC, from 2003 to 2015. If is the percent decrease in the annual
snowfall from 2003 to 2007, what is the value of p ?

ID: 0231050d Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 75. The percent decrease between two values is found by dividing the difference between the two
values by the original value and multiplying by 100. The line graph shows that the annual snowfall in 2003 was 40 inches,
and the annual snowfall in 2007 was 10 inches. Therefore, the percent decrease in the annual snowfall from 2003 to 2007 is

, or 75. It’s given that this is equivalent to , so the value of p is 75.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1ea09200
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Evaluating

and Data Analysis statistical claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments

ID: 1ea09200

A sample of 40 fourth-grade students was selected at random from a certain

school. The 40 students completed a survey about the morning announcements,
and 32 thought the announcements were helpful. Which of the following is the
largest population to which the results of the survey can be applied?

A. The 40 students who were surveyed

B. All fourth-grade students at the school

C. All students at the school

D. All fourth-grade students in the county in which the school is located

ID: 1ea09200 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Selecting a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey
to be applied to the population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. In this case, the
population from which the sample was selected is all fourth-grade students at a certain school. Therefore, the results of the
survey can be applied to all fourth-grade students at the school.

Choice A is incorrect. The results of the survey can be applied to the 40 students who were surveyed. However, this isn’t the
largest group to which the results of the survey can be applied. Choices C and D are incorrect. Since the sample was
selected at random from among the fourth-grade students at a certain school, the results of the survey can’t be applied to
other students at the school or to other fourth-grade students who weren’t represented in the survey results. Students in
other grades in the school or other fourth-grade students in the country may feel differently about announcements than the
fourth-grade students at the school.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3638f413
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 3638f413

Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment account on January 1, 2001. The

amount of money in the account doubled each year until Jeremy had 480 dollars in
his investment account on January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?

ID: 3638f413 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 30. The situation can be represented by the equation , where the 2 represents the fact
that the amount of money in the account doubled each year and the 4 represents the fact that there are 4 years between
January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2005. Simplifying gives . Therefore, .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 1142af44
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 1142af44

Value Frequency

1 a

2 2a

3 3a

4 2a

5 a

The frequency distribution above summarizes a set of data, where a is a positive

integer. How much greater is the mean of the set of data than the median?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

ID: 1142af44 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Since the frequencies of values less than the middle value, 3, are the same as the frequencies of the
values greater than 3, the set of data has a symmetric distribution. When a set of data has a symmetric distribution, the
mean and median values are equal. Therefore, the mean is 0 greater than the median.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the set of data.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 20845d36
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 20845d36

The number is less than the positive number . The number is greater than . The number is how many
times ?

ID: 20845d36 Answer

Correct Answer: .48, 12/25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the number is less than the positive number . Therefore, ,
which is equivalent to , or . It's also given that the number is greater than . Therefore,
, which is equivalent to , or . Since , substituting for in the
equation yields , or . Thus, is times . Note that .48 and 12/25 are examples
of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID aa43b41f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Evaluating

and Data Analysis statistical claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments

ID: aa43b41f

Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll
on the show’s website that asked, “Do you support the new federal policy
discussed during the show?” At the end of the show, the host reported that 28%
responded “Yes,” and 70% responded “No.” Which of the following best explains
why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the
United States?

A. The percentages do not add up to 100%, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.

B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.

C. There were not 50% “Yes” responses and 50% “No” responses.

D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.

ID: aa43b41f Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. In order for the poll results from a sample of a population to represent the entire population, the sample
must be representative of the population. A sample that is randomly selected from a population is more likely than a sample
of the type described to represent the population. In this case, the people who responded were people with access to cable
television and websites, which aren’t accessible to the entire population. Moreover, the people who responded also chose to
watch the show and respond to the poll. The people who made these choices aren’t representative of the entire population of
the United States because they were not a random sample of the population of the United States.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they present reasons unrelated to whether the sample is representative of the
population of the United States.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5dc386fb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 5dc386fb
The table below shows the distribution of US states according to whether they have a state-level sales tax and a state-
level income tax.
2013 State-Level Taxes
State sales tax No state sales tax

State income tax 39 4

No state income tax 6 1

To the nearest tenth of a percent, what percent of states with a state-level sales tax
do not have a state-level income tax?

A. 6.0%

B. 12.0%

C. 13.3%

D. 14.0%

ID: 5dc386fb Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The sum of the number of states with a state-level sales tax is . Of these states, 6 don’t

have a state-level income tax. Therefore, , or about 13.3%, of states with a state-level sales tax don’t have
a state-level income tax.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice B is
incorrect. This is the percent of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice D is incorrect.
This is the percent of states that have no state-level income tax.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 98958ae8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 98958ae8

Data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the heights of
objects and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the objects from data sets A and B. What is
the mean, in meters, of data set C?

ID: 98958ae8 Answer

Correct Answer: 41

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It’s given that data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of
meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of the heights of the objects, in
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or meters. Therefore, the
sum of the heights of the objects in data set A is meters. It’s also given that data set B consists of the heights of
objects and has a mean of meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of the
heights of the objects, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or
meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the objects in data set B is meters. Since it’s given that data
set C consists of the heights of the objects from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of data set C is the sum of
the heights of the objects, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of objects represented in data sets A and B,
or , which is equivalent to meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data set C is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 391ae4b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 391ae4b2

Data set F consists of integers between and . Data set G consists of all the integers in data set F as well as the
integer . Which of the following must be less for data set F than for data set G?
I. The mean
II. The median

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. Neither I nor II

ID: 391ae4b2 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that data set F consists of integers between and and data set G consists of all the
integers in data set F as well as the integer . Since the integer is less than all the integers in data set F, the mean of
data set G must be less than the mean of data set F. Thus, the mean of data set F isn't less than the mean of data set G.
When a data set is in ascending order, the median is between the two middle values when there is an even number of values
and the median is the middle value when there is an odd number of values. It follows that the median of data set F is either
greater than or equal to the median of data set G. Therefore, the median of data set F isn't less than the median of data set
G. Thus, neither the mean nor the median must be less for data set F than for data set G.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 2a59eb45
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 2a59eb45

Data set A consists of the heights of buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the heights of
buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the buildings from data sets A and B. What
is the mean, in meters, of data set C?

ID: 2a59eb45 Answer

Correct Answer: 44

Rationale

The correct answer is . The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It's given that data set A consists of the heights of buildings and has a mean of
meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of the heights of the buildings, in
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or meters. Therefore, the
sum of the heights of the buildings in data set A is meters. It's also given that data set B consists of the heights of
buildings and has a mean of meters. This can be represented by the equation , where represents the sum of
the heights of the buildings, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields , or
meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the buildings in data set B is meters. Since it's given that data
set C consists of the heights of the buildings from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of data set C is the sum of
the heights of the buildings, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of buildings represented in data sets A and
B, or , which is equivalent to meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data set C is .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8c5dbd3e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 8c5dbd3e

The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?

ID: 8c5dbd3e Answer

Correct Answer: 189/4, 47.25

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number is greater than the number . It follows that
, or . It’s also given that the number is less than . It follows that ,
or , which yields . Substituting for in the equation yields , which is
equivalent to . Therefore, the value of is . Note that 47.25 and 189/4 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 9ba3e283
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error

ID: 9ba3e283

In State X, Mr. Camp’s eighth-grade class consisting of 26 students was surveyed

and 34.6 percent of the students reported that they had at least two siblings. The
average eighth‑grade class size in the state is 26. If the students in Mr. Camp’s
class are representative of students in the state’s eighth-grade classes and there
are 1,800 eighth-grade classes in the state, which of the following best estimates
the number of eighth‑grade students in the state who have fewer than two
siblings?

A. 16,200

B. 23,400

C. 30,600

D. 46,800

ID: 9ba3e283 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It is given that 34.6% of 26 students in Mr. Camp’s class reported that they had at least two siblings.
Since 34.6% of 26 is 8.996, there must have been 9 students in the class who reported having at least two siblings and 17
students who reported that they had fewer than two siblings. It is also given that the average eighth-grade class size in the
state is 26 and that Mr. Camp’s class is representative of all eighth-grade classes in the state. This means that in each
eighth-grade class in the state there are about 17 students who have fewer than two siblings. Therefore, the best estimate of
the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have fewer than two siblings is 17 × (number of eighth-grade classes in
the state), or .

Choice A is incorrect because 16,200 is the best estimate for the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have at
least, not fewer than, two siblings. Choice B is incorrect because 23,400 is half of the estimated total number of eighth-grade
students in the state; however, since the students in Mr. Camp’s class are representative of students in the eighth-grade
classes in the state and more than half of the students in Mr. Camp’s class have fewer than two siblings, more than half of
the students in each eighth-grade class in the state have fewer than two siblings, too. Choice D is incorrect because 46,800
is the estimated total number of eighth-grade students in the state.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 040f2a84
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 040f2a84

The regular price of a shirt at a store is . The sale price of the shirt is less than the regular price, and the sale
price is greater than the store's cost for the shirt. What was the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt? (Disregard the
sign when entering your answer. For example, if your answer is , enter )

ID: 040f2a84 Answer

Correct Answer: 1.8, 9/5

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the regular price of a shirt at a store is , and the sale price of the shirt is
less than the regular price. It follows that the sale price of the shirt is , or , which is
equivalent to . It’s also given that the sale price of the shirt is greater than the store’s cost for the shirt. Let
represent the store’s cost for the shirt. It follows that , or . Dividing both sides of this
equation by yields . Therefore, the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt is . Note that 1.8 and 9/5 are
examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 34f8cd89
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis

ID: 34f8cd89

of the items in a box are green. Of those, are also rectangular. Of the green rectangular items, are also
metal. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items?

ID: 34f8cd89 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that of the items in a box are green. Let represent the total number of items in the box.
It follows that , or , items in the box are green. It's also given that of those, are also rectangular. Therefore,
, or , items in the box are green rectangular items. It's also given that of the green rectangular items,
are also metal. Therefore, , or , items in the box are rectangular green metal items. The
number of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the total number of items in the box minus the
number of rectangular green metal items in the box. Therefore, the number of items in the box that are not rectangular green
metal items is , or . The percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal
items is the percentage that is of . If represents this percentage, the value of is , or
. Of the given choices, is closest to the percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal
items.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4626102e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 4626102e

The dot plot represents the values in data set A. Data set B is created by adding to each of the values in data set A.
Which of the following correctly compares the medians and the ranges of data sets A and B?

A. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of data
set A.

B. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is greater than the range of
data set A.

C. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of
data set A.

D. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is greater than the range of
data set A.

ID: 4626102e Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values, in ascending or descending order, is the middle
value of the data set, and the range of a data set is the positive difference between the maximum and minimum values in the
data set. Since the dot plot shown gives the values in data set A in ascending order and there are values in the data set,
the eighth value in data set A, , is the median. The maximum value in data set A is and the minimum value is , so the
range of data set A is , or . It’s given that data set B is created by adding to each of the values in data set A.
Increasing each of the values in data set A by will also increase its median value by making the median of data set
B . Increasing each value of data set A by does not change the range, since the maximum value of data set B is
, or , and the minimum value is , or , making the range of data set B , or . Therefore, the
median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of data set A.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d0430601
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d0430601

Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the temperature and the number of
people who visited a beach in Lagos, Nigeria, on one of eleven different days. The
line of best fit for the data is also shown. The line of best fit for the data has a
slope of approximately 57. According to this estimate, how many additional people
per day are predicted to visit the beach for each 5°C increase in average
temperature?

ID: d0430601 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 285. The number of people predicted to visit the beach each day is represented by the y-values of the
line of best fit, and the average temperature, in degrees Celsius ( ), is represented by the x-values. Since the slope of the
line of best fit is approximately 57, the y-value, or the number of people predicted to visit the beach each day, increases by 57
for every x-value increase of 1, or every increase in average temperature. Therefore, an increase of in average
temperature corresponds to a y-value increase of additional people per day predicted to visit the beach.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4ff597db
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 4ff597db

The mean amount of time that the 20 employees of a construction company have
worked for the company is 6.7 years. After one of the employees leaves the
company, the mean amount of time that the remaining employees have worked for
the company is reduced to 6.25 years. How many years did the employee who left
the company work for the company?

A. 0.45

B. 2.30

C. 9.00

D. 15.25

ID: 4ff597db Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The mean amount of time that the 20 employees worked for the company is 6.7 years. This means that
the total number of years all 20 employees worked for the company is (6.7)(20) = 134 years. After the employee left, the
mean amount of time that the remaining 19 employees worked for the company is 6.25 years. Therefore, the total number of
years all 19 employees worked for the company is (6.25)(19) = 118.75 years. It follows that the number of years that the
employee who left had worked for the company is 134 – 118.75 = 15.25 years.

Choice A is incorrect; this is the change in the mean, which isn’t the same as the amount of time worked by the employee
who left. Choice B is incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather than
19, at the company after the employee left and then subtracting the original mean of 6.7 from that result. Choice C is
incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather than 19, at the company
after the employee left.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d65b9a87
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: d65b9a87

The dot plots represent the distributions of values in data sets A and B.

Which of the following statements must be true?

I. The median of data set A is equal to the median of data set B.
II. The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard deviation of data set B.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. Neither I nor II

ID: d65b9a87 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values that are in ascending or descending order is the
middle value of the data set. Since the distribution of the values of both data set A and data set B form symmetric dot plots,
and each data set has an odd number of values, it follows that the median is given by the middle value in each of the dot
plots. Thus, the median of data set A is , and the median of data set B is . Therefore, statement I is true. Data set A and
data set B have the same frequency for each of the values , , , and . Data set A has a frequency of for values
and , whereas data set B has a frequency of for values and . Standard deviation is a measure of the spread of a
data set; it is larger when there are more values further from the mean, and smaller when there are more values closer to the
mean. Since both distributions are symmetric with an odd number of values, the mean of each data set is equal to its
median. Thus, each data set has a mean of . Since more of the values in data set A are closer to than data set B, it
follows that data set A has a smaller standard deviation than data set B. Thus, statement II is false. Therefore, only
statement I must be true.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 651d83bb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: 651d83bb
Two different teams consisting of 10 members each ran in a race. Each member’s completion time of the race was
recorded. The mean of the completion times for each team was calculated and is shown below.
Team A: 3.41 minutes
Team B: 3.79 minutes

Which of the following MUST be true?

1. Every member of team A completed the race in less time than any member of team B.
2. The median time it took the members of team B to complete the race is greater than the median time it took the
members of team A to complete the race.
3. There is at least one member of team B who took more time to complete the race than some member of team A.

A. III only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

ID: 651d83bb Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Since the average time for the 10 members of team A is 3.41 minutes, the sum of the 10 times for team
A is equal to minutes. Since the average time for the 10 members of team B is 3.79 minutes, the sum of
the 10 times for team B is equal to minutes. Since the sum of the 10 times for team B is greater than the
sum of the 10 times for team A, it must be true that at least one of the times for team B must be greater than one of the
times for team A. Thus, statement III is true. However, it’s possible that at least some of the times for team A were greater
than some of the times for team B. For example, all of team A’s times could be 3.41 minutes, and team B could have 1 time
of 3.34 minutes and 9 times of 3.84 minutes. Thus, statement I need not be true. It’s also possible that the median of the
times for team B is less than the median of the times for team A. For example, all of team A’s times could be 3.41 minutes,
and team B could have 6 times of 3.37 minutes and 4 times of 4.42 minutes; then the median of team B’s times would be
3.37 minutes and the median of team A’s times would be 3.41 minutes. Thus, statement II need not be true.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because neither statement I nor statement II must be true.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 8637294f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units

ID: 8637294f

If and , what is the value of ?

ID: 8637294f Answer

Correct Answer: .0625, 1/16

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that and . The equation can be rewritten as
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . The equation can be rewritten as
. Substituting for in this equation yields , or . Multiplying both
sides of this equation by yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields .
Therefore, the value of is . Note that .0625, 0.062, 0.063, and 1/16 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c178d4da
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: c178d4da

Value Data set A frequency Data set B frequency

Data set A and data set B each consist of values. The table shows the frequencies of the values for each data set. Which
of the following statements best compares the means of the two data sets?

A. The mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.

B. The mean of data set A is less than the mean of data set B.

C. The mean of data set A is equal to the mean of data set B.

D. There is not enough information to compare the means of the data sets.

ID: c178d4da Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The mean value of a data set is the sum of the values of the data set divided by the number of values in
the data set. When a data set is represented in a frequency table, the sum of the values in the data set is the sum of the
products of each value and its frequency. For data set A, the sum of products of each value and its frequency is
, or . It's given that there are values in data set A. Therefore, the mean
of data set A is , or approximately . Similarly, the mean of data B is , or approximately . Therefore, the
mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID bf47ad54
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread

ID: bf47ad54

Each of the following frequency tables represents a data set. Which data set has the greatest mean?

Value Frequency
A.

Value Frequency
B.

Value Frequency
C.

Value Frequency
D.
ID: bf47ad54 Answer
Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The tables in choices B, C, and D each represent a data set where the values and have the same
frequency and the values and have the same frequency. It follows that each of these data sets is symmetric around
the value halfway between and , or . When a data set is symmetric around a value, that value is the mean of the data
set. Therefore, the data sets represented by the tables in choices B, C, and D each have a mean of . The table in choice A
represents a data set where the value has a greater frequency than the value and the value has a greater
frequency than the value . It follows that this data set has a mean greater than . Therefore, of the given choices, choice
A represents the data set with the greatest mean.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

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