"fPIJS,

"fPIJS,
f.lctO
rf'ori<

acto f Of e

O" 1
1f 3C

"\
!f~ ~
-r

,..
By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to
• Factorise the algebraic expressions by regrouping the terrns
• Factorise the algebraic expressions using standard identities "'f ;
.f'l • Understand the concept of factorisation by splitting the rnidd C
term le 1
.,@ex kl
LEW£

(- -- --- -- -- -- - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --( No Poverty } -- ·-., ,

.•I~M; .
-------------------------- I • ___; _ · I

i Factorisation by Factorisation
: Regrouping Terms Factorisation
by Splitting the
:------- Middle Term
'

Factorisation of
u. Express·tons
Algebraic
sing Identities

'
~ -------------------- --- - -- ----
--- --- ---- ----- --- ----- -- -~'
m ;, t

I Mathematics-'

4
l
 ~-
~1111r:.~~'?.~- - - - - - - - - - - ----.. ., ..
'l~,!1;,.~ ~...._,...._...,.~ 't'' ?"'"~~~~~
~~~~~~•~-
f
--~'~:a~~~if.lf~~~~~~~
,_,,,

~
u ,;sation of Natural Numbers• 1
~
'.II"✓• ~~
f•''~ural numbers. For example ·2~ our previo_us classes, we have gone through the detailed discussion on factors ~~-·
~-~
of 11' 20 ' can be Written as ...------ - :-:-;--::-:-...._ •--~~
factors of 20 are 2, 4 ; ~ ~ h== 4 >< 5
10
-- ( Logical Interpretation ) ~ ·
.·
f/,US, , . . ' ' , W ere 2 and 5
f/,LJS, prin~e 1actonsat1on ?f 20 is 2 x 2 x 5
· f
are prime actors of 20.
-
20 can be written as 1 x 20 an
d ~Ar
~
• •
c1orisat1on of Algebraic Expression . . . \ 3xy can be written as l x 3 x x , -~ .12
~onomials. s. Let us begin with factorisation of x y. Thus, 1 is a factor of all the
f~r example: 3xy can be factorised as I
numbers and terms. However, "' , '~~
. . . (3 x) (y) == 3 x (xy) ==xx (J ) == 3 xx x 11is not shown as a separate facto r •J'. .
011 the similar Imes, an algebraic expression caJ b f t . yd b . . unless it is required. --- - - ~ "
r Tree'. e ac arise y using a _ ---.. ~ - ·,v.__, .,.
'facto E ~~_:-::--~
xpression ➔ ~-.;,..~
I
(2x 2 -Sxy) j ~
i ~
Terms ➔
{
/1\
$/•~
1_:. >

1
Factors ➔ 2 x xii\ -5 x Y Ii\ , --~:~.·.
We don't write in factorisation of natural numbers in general , unless it is specifically required .
factori sation of Expres_sion by Taking Out Common Factors: This method is applicable in the situation when a
common factor occurs in each term of the given expression. -~-
,~~
1. Take the HCF of all the terms of the given expression. :11.1'
2. Divid~ each term _of the given expression by this HCF. . . .
3, The given expression can thus be written as the product of HCF found in step 1 and quotient obtained m step 2.2 ~,-_J
2
for example, the expression 4x + 6 can be factorised as 2 (2 x + 3) and the expression 1 Sp2 qr + 35pq r + 5 5 pqr ~
can be factorised as 5 pqr (3p + 7q + 11 r)
~
~','
r,
-
'\
\
1.
~
Choose the correct alternative:
Initiative and Self-Direction -i
i
I
1. HCF of the terms 12m 2n 2, lm 2_n 2 and 12mn 2 is
(a) 12mn (b) lmn 2 (c) lm 2n (d) l 2 mn 2
I
2 2 2
I
I 2. Factorisation of the expression 12a b + 4ab - 32 is
f
I
(a) 4ab (3a + 2b - 8) (b) 4 (3a 2b2 + ab 2 - 8) (c) 8a2b (4b - 3a - 4) (d) 8(a2b 2 + ab2 - 4)
f

'
I
3. / 7xy- 2y2z I
t
t t
_. { 7xy I - 2J..2..z I
)f< I I\ '
1 I \ \ '',,.
I I '
I \ ~
,/1\
1
,, /, b

7
, 'a
I I '
~
Y -2
, t
Y
~

Y .
. , the factors represented by a and b are respectively
In the given ,actor tree, ( ) (d) x y

4.
(a) x, - Y .
(b) y, z
In the factorisation of expression )
C x, z

(c) (1 _ x + y)
' .
. (x -y)2 + (x -yP, one factor is (x -y), the other factor Is
(d) (1 + x + y)
cm
(a) (1 + x - y) (b) (1 - x - y
II. Fill in the blanks: d 1 x 2 x a x b are some of the ways of factorising _ __
b ~
2
1. (2a) (b), a(2b), 2(~b), ~ax . a~·on of expression 99 x5 y4- 132x4y5 + 143 x3y3 is _ __ [@

-
2. The prime factor m the actorisa I

Factorisation
J J
f
 REGROUPING TERM~ don't have a common factor. Then,
tSA TION BY t rms of a given expression
FACTO~ fons when all the ~s if required.
There are s,tua 'rearranging the ter '
we factorise by . h a way that all the terms in one gr
. . roups m sue OIJh~
Procedure the terms o f the expression m g
1 We first rearrangeon factor.
. have some comm

~
2 Factorise each group. . . ommon to all the groups.
. T ke out the factor which is c
J. a
Let's now cons1'der few exa
mples.

[NCERT Exemp lar) CT] .

~~
#
-- J
[ Example 1 Factorise.
..a3 + a2+ a + 1
have common factor a2. Initiative and Self-Direction ~ ·
[ Solution ] Here, fhirst ~on:r::d to rearrange the given terms.
L_~ ; _ _ - - Thus t ere is 1 is a factor of a~I ;~nstants and \ ~
' +a+ 1 -- a2 (a
al+ a2 + 1) + 1 (a + 1) variables. Thus, 1 1s always a ~
common factor in terms. ~
= (a + 1) (a2 + 1)
I I

~
JI
-----=1--=-21 / Factorise: 9pq + 49 - 9P - 4 ·
I Examp e
Solution
f tor q but last two terms have no factor m common.
/ Here, first two terms have common ac '
We, thus rearrange the terms.
9pq + 4q - 9p - 4 = 9pq - 9p + 4q - 4
= 9p (q - 1) + 4(q - 1)
= (q - 1) (9p + 4)

p / Example 3 / Factorise: xy 3 + zw 3 + Y32 + w 3x

1 Solution I xyJ + zw3 + y3z + wJx = xyJ + y3z + zw3 + w3x
= y3(x + z) + w 3(z + x)
= y3 (x + z) + w3 (x + z)
= (x + z) (y3 + W 3)

FACTORISATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS USING IDENTITIES

In the unit 'Algebraic Expression and Identities', we have read about the following algebraic
identities:
2
m
~
2
(i) (a+ b)2 = a + 2ab + 6 (a_ 6)2 = a2 _ 2ab + b2
(ii) (iii) a2- b2 = (a - b) (a + b)
We have used the ab_ove ide~tities to find the product of expressions. We shall now carry on the reverse
process here to factorise the given algebraic expressions using the identities.

/ Example 4 / Factorise: 4x2+ 4x + 1

[NCERT Exemplar] IAP \
/ Solution / The expression 4x' + 4x + 1 can be writte~ as
(2x)2 + 2(2x)(l) + (1 )2 == (2x + )2
1 [Using identity (i)]
== (2x + 1) (2x + 1)
4 4
Thus, x' + x + 1 has been factorised as (2x + 1) (2x + 1).

Mathematics- VIII
 ( Logical Reasoning )
The factorisation of
expressions becomes quite
easy and interesting, when
[Using identity (ii)] an appropriate identity is
chosen .

1<.Jr'
. {\ -[ Example 6 Factorise:~_ Y2
925
~
[NCERT Exemplar] Cf:]
~
2

ts'
h,•;a)\
So_lutio~n
1---f / ~ - L
25
= (2)3 -(t)s
2 2

- 3+s
_ (x y) (x-3 + -sy) [Using identity (iii)]

' f Example 7 2
Factorise: x + 2x _ 4y + 4 yi _ 4 xy \ AP I
1--S_o_fu_t_io_n__,/ The given algebraic expression cannot be factorised directly.
Let us rearrange the terms to carry on factorisation.
xi+ 2 x - 4 Y + 4y2 - 4xy can be written as
2 2
x - 4xy + 4y + 2x - 4y = {x) 2 - 2(x)(2y) + (2y) 2 + 2x - 4y
= (x - 2y) 2 + 2x - 4y = (x - 2y) 2 + 2(x - 2y) [Using identity (ii))
= (x - 2y) [(x - 2y) + 2] = (x - 2y) (x - 2y + 2)

f Example 8 Find the value of a, if pq 2a = (4pq + 3q}2 - (4pq - 3q)2. [NCERT Exempla r) \ AP \
~ f Solution 1 pq a
2
= ((4pq + 3q) + (4pq - 3q)} t(4pq + 3q) - (4pq - 3q)} [Using identity (iii)l
-- = (4pq + 3q + 4pq - 3q) (4pq + 3q - 4pq + 3q)
= (8pq) (6q)
= 48 pq 2
or a = 48

J Example 9 Factorise: 0 .01 x 2 - 0.09 Y2

f _s_olution / 0.01 x 2 - 0.09y 2 = (0.1 x)2 - (0.3y) 2 = (0.1 x - 0.3y) (0.1 x + 0.3y)

/ Example 10 / Factorise: 1OOx 2 - 1 6x

2
- 25 Y2 + 4 oxy
( Solution / 10ox2 - l 6x2 - 2sy2 + 40xy = 1oox2 - (l 6x2 + 2sy2 - 40xy) . i
.__ _ ____. = (1 Ox)2 - (4x - Sy) 2 [Using the identity (a - b) 2 = a2 - 2ab + b l
= {1 Ox - (4x - Sy)} 11 Ox+ (4x - Sy)}
[Using the identity a2 - b2 = (a - b) (a+ b)1
= (1 Ox - 4x + Sy) (1 Ox + 4x - Sy)
= (6x + Sy) (14x - Sy)

c.torisation
-
 [Example 11] Fa ctori se: 6 _ 24(x _ y)z
[ Solu tion J 6 _ 24 (x -y)2 = 6 ( _ (x _ y)2]
1 4
= 6((1 l2-I2(x -y))2] = 6((1 )2 - (2x - 2y)2]
= 6(1 - (2x - 2y)] (1 + (2x - 2y)]
= 6(1 - 2x + 2y)(1 + 2x - 2y)

[Example 12 JFactori se th e fo ll owing: H

.
(1) 25(x - y ) 2
- 30x(x - y) + 9x 2 . .)
(11 a 16 - b '6 + a8 + b

[ Solution ] (i) 25(x-yl2-30x(x-y)+9x 2 ={5(x-y)}2-2 ISx-y

( )}(3x) + (3x)
)2
2

= (S(x - y) - 3x}2 = (Sx - Sy - / ;

= (2 x _ Sy)2 = (2x _ Sy) (2x - Y
(ii) a16 - 616 + a8 + 68 = (a16 - 616) + a8 + 68 8
= ((a8)2 - (b8)2 I + a8 + b 8 t
= (a8 - 68) (a8 + 68) + (a8 + b )
= (a8 + 68) (a8 _ 6 8 + 1 )
I Example 13 j Simplify the fo ll owing:
9x 1 - 42 xy + 49y 2 1 6 - x4 + 2x2y-) - y·· 1
(i) (i i)
3x - 7y 4 - x2 + y2
2 ( Analysis and lnterpretati~
Soluti on / (i) 9x2 - 42xy + 49y 2 (3x) - 2(3x)(7y) + (7y )2 (3x - 7y )2
..___ _ __,_ ---~-- 3x - 7y 3x - 7y Use of identities simplifies the
3x -7y
factorisation of expressions of
p(x)
(3x - 7y)(3x - 7y) the form q(x) .
= 3x-7y
(3x-7y)
16 _ x4 + lx2y2 _ y4 _ 16 - ( x4 - 2x 2 y2 + y4)
(ii) --~---'--'.;;---'-
2 2
- 2 2
4- x +y 4- X +Y
2 2 2 2
= (4) -(x' -y ) J4-x +y')(4+ x -y') =
2
+ x' -y'
4 - x2 + y2 4 - x2 + y2 4

/ Example 14 / Assertion-Reason Based Questions

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correc
explanation of the Asserti on (A) .

(b ) Both Asserti on (A) and Reason (R) are correct statemen ts, but Reason (R) is not the corre(
explanati on of th e Asserti on (A) .
(c) Assertion (A ) is correct, but Reason (R) is a wrong statement.
(d ) Assertion (A ) is w rong, but Reason (R) is a correct statement.
(i/ Assertion (A): xy - 2zx = x (y - 2z) 0
Reason (R) : W hi le faclorising an expression, when no faclo r is common
HCF. in terms, 1 is the
2
(ii) Assertion (A): 4x + 28xy + 49y 2 is factorised as (2x + 7y) (2 x + 7y)
Reason (R) : a-' + 2ab + b1 = (a + b) 2

Mathematics-
 ~ [ So/u lion I o> Her e, A and R both
ect exp lana tion of A.
i ce, (b) is th are cor_rect statements, but R is not the corr
r Hen e corr ect opti on.
(ii) A and R
both are true and R . h
is t e corr ect exp lana tion of A.
Hen ce ' (a) ·is t h e corr ect opti on.
) /'

~ ~ C1®@TTV ( Problem Solving q

2
There are 2B9 x sen ior citizens
in r th
I for the comprehensive annual heal
ity out of which 121 y have gone
2
man y of them h a oca on.
checkup. How Factorise the expressi
ave not gone for the check up?

J. Factorise the follo win g ~ i o

n s:

~\AJvV 6x' +
24
xy + 9y' ~ + 24x' + 72x (NCERTExemplar]
wJ
~ , , , + 2>z+ ~ z'
4
, '(\ w
~ t P +ipq+ ; 1q
~
2
[NCERT Exem plar)
2
HOTS
~·
2
(iv) l00x 2 + 20x + 1 (v) ..9,( + 30x + 25
~ '-,/ 6

~
\ .,\~
~pr e ions :
2/F act oris e the foll ow ing '( \

Pl fies,. , ✓ r ~ .... 1 ~49 - 2.8x + 0.04x'

1 •
2
b' y (NCERTExemp/a,]
es,;.,' 1 ~ - 78 pq + 169 q ' " a'y' - 2ab y' +
~ (w y.J}J 4x 2
1 2 256 2
4 + -9 [NCERT Exemplar)
HOTS '-,/'"(v..).,' 4r 2
- l 2rs + 9s + Br - 12s 07
2
' 9y 2 - 4xy
(vU-
- a - -3 ab+ -9b
64
~ \AP \
g exp ress ions : r _ ~ ,. •
~i. a~ ris e the follo win
I
,V 3r'-9s' ~1
~4 8a' b-2 43b '

~- (q + r)•
I 2
r'-(W.7'v·2s
p' _ 3 2q' INCERT Exemplar] (,'-"(';)
V
_1__, x' - _1_ y'
625 9

, ~ x' y _ 11 y' x ]NCERT Exempla~ ~ - ~ [NCERTExempla~ ~ ) ' - (y + 5)'

Iii! L, \1\IJ
&f.'_.,faclorise the following:
' ' \../ " ~ 6 _ p' _ q' _ 2pq ✓,~~- 40ab + 2Sb 2
- 9c
2
jjii(" 1 - 2x + x' - y'

Jx
3 (v) ~ - 49b 2 - 3a + 76 HOTS
(. X2 +21 + 2 - - -
X X
l lxy + 9y2 sq units. Find the side of
the square. [NCERT Exemplar] \ AP \
b 2
+
y The area of a squ are .
,s .
given Y 4 x
3) -~ [m
• ~ Simplify the following:
9y 2 - 24y + 16 )._
·· -/ (ii) __ ,:_ __ __ _
,V 2sq2 - 1
6y - 8
(i) Sq + 1
0 .25x 2 - O.Bxy + 0.64 y2 - 0.0922
16m2 - n2 - 2n - 1 (iv)
O.S x - 0.8 y- 0.3 z
(iii)
4m - n-1

Factorisa tion -
 7
· Case-eased Question
Every year on the eve of Diwali Mr. Sawarkar goes to a community _of
'
. me Iess people. The amount of money donated to each am• Y
ho f ·1 by him
is th e same as the number of families in the community. The total money
••
■
donated by Sawarkar in 2018 was t (4x 2 + 28x + 49).
Based on the above information, answer the following queS t ions: i

(i) How much money was donated to each family?

(ii) If next year, (x + SJ more families joined the community, then how

-
much money did Mr. Sawarkar donate?

-
FACTORISATION BY SPLITTING THE MIDDLE TERM
Sometimes, we come across the factorisation of algebraic expressions of2type2X + Bx + 2 ·
This type of expression cannot be factorised by using the identity (a + _b) = a + ~ab + b or
2
12
[!)~·
.
(a - b)l = az - 2ab + bz. Even the third identity a2 - b2 = (a - b) (a + b) is not applicable here. In this case,
we shall make use of the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab.
Thus, coefficient of xis the sum of two numbers a and band third term is the product of a and b.
- ~ijl

/ Example 1 / Factorise: x2 + 11 x + 30 ~
/ Solution / We have to find'two such numbers whose sum is 11 and product is 30. The required nurnbe
are 5 and 6. ' ri

Thus, 2
x + 11 x + 30 = x 2
+ 6x + Sx + 30
= x(x + 6) + S(x + 6) = (x + 6) (x + 5)

/ Example 2 / Factorise: z 2 - 12z - 45

/ Solution / We have ·to find two such numbers whose sum is -12 and product is _ 45.
The required numbers are 3 and -15.
Thus, z 2 - 12z - 45 = z 1 - 15z + 3z - 45 = z(z - 1 S) + 3(z _ 15)
= (z - 15) (z + 3)

/ Example 3 / Factorise: k2 + 16k - 57

/ Solution / We need to find two numbers whose sum is 16 and product is -57 So\utiot
The required such numbers are 19 and _ 3 _ ·
Hence, k1 + 16k - 57 = k1 + 19k - 3k - 57 ( .Mathematical Literacy )
=k(k+19)-3 (K+ 19) In this method, middle term
is split and all other terms
= (k + 19) (k - 3)
re'.11ain the same and hence
/ Example 4 / Factorise: x2- 25 x + 126 t_~,s- ~-~-~e has been given.
2
/_
.... _ __)/ x - 25 x + 126 = xi - 1Bx - 7x + 126
Sofotion
= x(x - 18) - 7(x _ 18)
= (x - 18) (x - 7)

Mathe m ati cs-YIU

 [!xample 5 / Factorise: Ja l + 12 a + 1 2

[ _ Solution ·/ Jal + 12a + 12 = J(al + 4a + 4)

= J(al + 2a + 2a + 4)
= J [a(a + 2) + 2(a + 2)) = 3(a + 2) (a + 2)
[ Example 6 / Factorise: 4al _ 1 Ba _
36
\AP \
[ Solution I 4
al - l 8a - 36 = 4al - 24a + 6a - 36 = 4a(a - 6) + 6(a - 6)
= (a - 6) (4a + 6)
[ Example 7 I Assertion-Reason Based Questions w
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R} are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the co rrect
explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Asserti o n (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is a wron g statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is a correct statement.
Assertion (A) : z 2 + 9z + 20 will be factori sed as (z + 4) (z + 5).
Reason (R) : x 2 + (a + b) x + ab is factori sed as (x + a) (x + b).
d nu~. l Solution Both A and R are_true and R is the correct explanation for A,-
Hence, (a) is the correct option.

f Example 8 I Case-Based Question

A schoo l is getting interactive boards insta ll ed in its
classrooms . The area of the screen of one board is x2 +
10x + 9 sq. units. IAP \
Based on the above information answer th e follow ing
question s:
(j) Find the possible dimension of the screen . •i
<
(ii) T he area of the screen given that x = 150 cm is i

Solution Area of the screen= xi + 1Ox+ 9 sq units

= x 2 + 9x + x + 9
= x (x + 9) + 1 (x + 9)
= (x + 9) (x + 1) sq. units
(i) Possible dimensions of screen:
Length = (x + 9) units
or Breadth= (x + 1) units
Length = (x + 1) units
Breadth= (x + 9) units
(ii) lfx = 150 cm
Then area of screen = x2 + 10 x + 9 sq. cm
= (150) 2 + 1O (150) + 9 sq. cm
= 22500 + 1500 + 9 sq. cm
= 24009 sq. cm

Factori sation
 torise the followi ng expressions:
y' + 19y + 48 .::;/;y 2 + 32y + 24 ~ 2 - 14z + 9
(v) 4x2 _ 20x + 25 (NCERT Exemplari (vi) m 2 - 25 mn + 84n'
~
p' + I 8p + 65 [N CERT Exemplar] ctori!
f3
2 ori se the ro llow ing express ions: 1·
(i) 2r2 - 9r - 45 (ii) 4y2 + 13y - 17 (iii) 5x2 - 16xy - 16y2 (i)
~ 8r 2 - 48rs + 70s2 (v!.. 19k2 + 40k/ - 59/2 (vi) -2x 2 - 3x + 2
(v,i) 3x' - 4x - 4 2
(v111) p + 6p - 16 (ix) x2 - 17x - 60 [ NCER T Exernp/a~ (ivl
3. Simpl ify the fo llowing expressions:
x 2 - 21x + 90
2
(ii) 7x - 19x- 6
2
(ii i) x +l l x + 24
½f_ (vi)

(i) (x - 15) 7x + 2 x +8 f 3 cto

'].,
2 2 2 2
4x - 11 x + 7 (v) 5y - 40yz - 100z (vi) p - 31 p-140 (i)
(iv) - - - --
x- 1 y - 1 Oz p + 4
(iii)
4. The area of a circle is given by the expression 1tx2 + 61tx + 91t sq. units. Fi nd the radius of the circle and he
find its circumference if x = 1 unit. [NCERT Exemplar) ~ (iv
(,

(v'

----------------- ----------------- --- ---- -- --------~~

• Writing an expression as the product of two or more expressions means that each of these is a factor of th
. . e
given expression.
• The procedure of writing an expression as the product of two or more expressions is know n as factorisation.
• The factors of an expression can be constants, variables or algebraic expressions . .
4. Si
• We can factorise an expression by taking out common terms or by regrouping the terms of the expression.
• In some cases, factorisation can be done using identities that are given below:
(i) The factors of a2 + 2ab + b 2 are (a + b) (a + b) or (a + b) 2 •
1 (ii) The factors of a2 - 2ab + b 2 are (a - b) (a - b) or (a - b)2 .
(iii) The factors of a2 - b 2 are (a - b) and (a + b). 5.
• Expressions can be factorised by splitting the middle term too. In such cases, w e use the identity
(x + a) (x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab. 6.

,,,-----► Activity <>- ----- --------------------------- Experiential Learning

\ 1
/' /
Sr. No. LHS RHS Emoji ~ \
Ms. Aisha conducted class test of unit Algebraic
I
I
I 11
I

Sx2 (Sx)2 I

Expressions" and "Factorisation". To aim the

I
I
1. I
I
I I
I I
corrective learning of her students, she designed an
I
I
2. 2(x - 7) 2(x - 7) I
I I

activity as shown in table alongside. Students are

I
I
3. S(x + 9) Sx + 45
I
I
I
I
I
told to verify LHS and RHS in the table by taking I
I
I
I
4. 3(x - 1) 3x-3 :
I
I different values of x. I

',
I
I ' The first five roll numbers of class will choose x as 5. 4x 2 4XX 2 I
I
I I
I
I '2', next fi ve will choose x as '3 ' ... and so on . (They 6. (x + 2) (x + 5) x 2
+ 10
I
I
I
I
I are choosi ng prime va lues for x). They will make a '
I

I
7. (x + 3)(x - 7) x 2 -4x-21
'smiley' ~ in the emoji column, if both sides are
I
I
I
I
I 8. (x + 5) (x + 8) x2 + 40 1
I
I equal and'rsad face • if both sides are unequal. ,I
I

'' _,,. , '

''
----------- --- --------------------------------- ------------------------- ---- ------
Mathematic:5-V\II

__.... ~
WWWtiLY_L~ \\\-.;
 I
I~ Exercise
1. Factorise the following:
, . -~"
... .,... . ~
Productivity and Accountability

(i) 2ab2 - _!b2c

4 2 (ii) r5 + 1 + r2 + r3 (iii) (x -y) 2 - 4(x - y)
(iv) pq 2 + rq2 _ p2q _ prq
(v) ax 2y - bxyz - ax 2z + bxy 2 [NCERT Exempla,i

(vi) 6ab - b2 - 12ac + 2bc (vii) b2 - ab(l - a) - a3 (viii) 6p2 - q + 2pq - 3p

2. Factorise the following:

IAP I
(i) 9x 2 - 24xy + l 6y2 2
(ii) 225p + 51 Opq + 289q 2

(iii) a4 - (a - 6)4 [NCERT Exemplar]

(iv) lax + 4 axy + 3bx 2 + 2ay 2 + 6bxy + 3by 2

2
[NCERT Exemplar]
2 2
(v) 0 6x - 48xy + 36y ) - 25x2 (vi) (12-21 m + m2)-(36x2+ 96xy + 64y2)
4
(vii) p + q4 + 2p2q2 (viii ) (a2 - 5b) 2 - 81
··..I (ix) y4- 625

3 . . Factorise the following:

tor e
(i) k2 - 36k + 99 (ii) 7x 2 + 7x - 42 (iii) 6x2 - 17x - 3
2
iris. (iv) -4x - 1Sxy - 11 y2

4. Simplify the following:

(i) (3.9)2-(1 .7)2 m4 -16 0.25a 2 + 2ab + 462

(iii)
3.9-1.7 (ii)
m- 2 (o.sa+2b)

5. The sum of (x + 5) observations is X 4 - 625. Find the mean of the observations. \AN I
6. Assertion-Reaso Based Queslions W
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is a wrong statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is a correct statement.
(i) Assertion (A) : 101 2 - 99
2
= (200)(2)
2
Reason (R) a2 - b = (a + b) (a - b)

(ii) Assertion (A) :

2x2 + 1 = 1 +1 = 2
2x 2
While dividing a polynomial by a monomial, we divide each term of the polynomial, in
Reason (R)
the numerator by the monomial in the denominator.

Fa cto ri sation
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,./------► Activitlj ~~ <>---------------------- ------------------- Art Integration --

' To factorise a quadratic polynomial of

I "' ""T"~r l . 1 •·
2
l length 'x' unit and breadth , 1, . d type x + 4x + 3, take a square of side x unit, four rectangles of

i an ~,.. i 1,·
3·
4.
f

:: X X X X X ■l 5.

1~ l l l_l ~. .\
6-
1·
s.
9.
X •l• •1• •1• •1• 1 l
Let us try to arrange all the cut outs to make a rectangle or square. ''

''
Length of the rectangle formed = x + 1 units ''
)
I
Breadth of the rectangle formed = x + 3 units '
Thus, area of the rectangle = (x + 1) (x + 3) sq . units ''
''
+ Hence, x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 3) (x + 1) ''
X ''
''
''

----x+3-----
.
l _,. ''
''
''
''

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Experi~ntial Learning l ( Creativity and Innovation ) j

Students can choose some expressions and then they can make their factor trees.
For example, factor tree of x 8 - 81 has been made for you.

/ xa - 81 = (x4)2 - (9)2 i

I
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Mathematics-VIII
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Problem Solving
Find the comm on factor in the expres sion 7a2 - 21a.
2. Find the product of (3x _ y) ( x + y).
3
J . Find the numbe r oft ·
erms inthe expression · a2
+ be x d .
nd IN CERT Exemplar}
4. Fi the terms used fo r splittin g the middle term in the expression 2
x - x - 12.
5 . Find factors o f expression 4x2 _ 7x + 3 .
6. Factor ise the expression 64a2 _ 3662.
7. Find the val ue of p if 51 2 _ 49 2 = 1 oop
[NCER T Exemp lai\
8 . Write the irredu cib le factors of expression 8xy - 3y.
9. Which numbe r is a factor of every expression but is not specifi
ed in factorisation?
2 2
19.1
10. Simpli fy: _ _ _ _-0. 9
20

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