EE4043 Assignmentt1
EE4043 Assignmentt1
A 4 pole, 50 Hz, 400 V, 27A, star-connected cage rotor induction motor has the following
equivalent circuit parameters;
𝑟1 = 0.6 Ω
𝑙1 = 3.3 𝑚𝐻
𝑙𝑚 = 110 𝑚𝐻
𝑟2′ = 0.4 Ω
𝑙2′ = 3.8 𝑚𝐻
1. Assuming linear 𝑽⁄𝒇 from rated frequency down to zero, simulate and plot torque
speed characteristics for frequencies 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 40 and 50 Hz, all in one diagram.
Comment on the maximum torque at low frequencies.
MATLAB code
f = [1 5 10 15 25 40 50]; % varible frequencies
v_phase1 = (230/50)*f; % calculated voltages for linear v/f variation
% defining variables
w_sync= 2*pi*f;
x1 = w_sync*3.3e-3;
x2 = w_sync*3.8e-3;
xm = w_sync*110e-3;
p = 2;
n_sync = (60*f)/p;
r1 = 0.6;
r2 = 0.4;
v_th7 = v_thh(1,7);
v_th6 = v_thh(1,6);
v_th5 = v_thh(1,5);
v_th4 = v_thh(1,4);
v_th3 = v_thh(1,3);
v_th2 = v_thh(1,2);
v_th1 = v_thh(1,1);
x_th7 = x_thh(1,7);
x_th6 = x_thh(1,6);
x_th5 = x_thh(1,5);
x_th4 = x_thh(1,4);
x_th3 = x_thh(1,3);
x_th2 = x_thh(1,2);
x_th1 = x_thh(1,1);
for ii = 1:51
t_ind6(ii) = ((6*v_th6^2)/w_sync6)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th6 +
x26)^2));
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind5(ii) = ((6*v_th5^2)/w_sync5)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th5 +
x25)^2));
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind4(ii) = ((6*v_th4^2)/w_sync4)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th4 +
x24)^2));
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind3(ii) = ((6*v_th3^2)/w_sync3)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th3 +
x23)^2));
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind2(ii) = ((6*v_th2^2)/w_sync2)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th2 +
x22)^2));
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind1(ii) = ((6*v_th1^2)/w_sync1)*(r2/s(ii))*(1/((r_th+r2/s(ii))^2+(x_th1 +
x21)^2));
end
tmax50hz = max(t_ind7)
% Plotting Torque speed characteristic for each frequency
plot(nm7,t_ind7,'Color','k','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm6,t_ind6,'Color','r','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm5,t_ind5,'Color','b','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm4,t_ind4,'Color','#D95319','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm3,t_ind3,'Color','#7E2F8E','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm2,t_ind2,'Color','#0072BD','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm1,t_ind1,'Color','#77AC30','LineWidth',2.0);
xlim([0.00 1600]);
ylim([0 200]);
yticks(0:20:200);
xticks(0:100:1600);
grid on;
x0=5;
y0=5;
width=800;
height=600;
set(gcf,'position',[x0,y0,width,height])
title ('Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristic under Linear
v/f','Fontweight','Bold','FontSize',15);
lgd =
legend('50Hz','40Hz','25Hz','15Hz','10Hz',"5Hz","1Hz",'Location','northwest');
lgd.FontSize = 8;
xlabel('Nmech (RPM)','Fontweight','Bold');
ylabel('Torque (Nm)','Fontweight','Bold');
• Maximum torque is getting decreased when moving from high to low frequencies when we
set linear 𝑉 ⁄𝑓 from rated frequency down to zero.
2. In order to retain the maximum torque as at rated frequency, compute the required
new voltage for each frequency in (1) above. Show the computed voltages in a graph
against frequency.
Maximum torque (Tm) is given by,
𝒑 𝟑𝑽𝟐𝒆
𝑻𝒎 = ( )
𝟐𝝎𝒔 𝒓𝒆 + √𝒓𝟐𝒆 + (𝒙𝒆 + 𝒙′𝟐 )𝟐
𝑙𝑚
Where 𝑉𝑒 = 𝑘𝑉1, 𝑟𝑒 = 𝑘𝑟1 and 𝑥𝑒 = 𝑘𝑥1 . And 𝑘 = .
𝑙1 +𝑙𝑚
400
So by substituting 𝑉1 = and 𝜔𝑠 = 2𝜋𝑓 we can get the maximum torque for the 50Hz .
√3
We can find the phase voltage for each frequency, when its maximum torque is the maximum
torque at 50Hz (i.e. 166.5291 Nm) from the above equation.
Maximum torque obtained from the previous plot at rated frequency (50Hz) = 166.5291 Nm
Voltage variation with frequency for maximum torque to be maintained as maximum torque
at frequency
MATLAB Code
% defining variables
w = 2*pi*f;
x1 = w*3.3e-3;
x2 = w*3.8e-3;
xm = w*110e-3;
p = 2;
r1 = 0.6;
r2 = 0.4;
k = (110e-3)/(110e-3 + 3.3e-3);
l1 = 3.3e-3;
l2 = 3.8e-3;
le = k*l1;
%calculating voltages
V_new = [];
for i=1:7
V_newc= sqrt(Tm_50hz*(2*pi*f(i)^2)*r2 /(3*p*2*pi*f(i)*s(x)));
V_new = [V_new V_newc];
end
% defining variables
f = [0 1 5 10 15 25 40 50 60 70 80 90];
V_new = [];
V_b = [];
r1 = 0.6;
I = 27;
Vout = I*r1;
V_phase = 400/sqrt(3);
f_rated = 50;
%calculating voltages
for i=2:8
V_new = [Vout];
Vnc = (V_phase-Vout)*f(i)/f_rated+Vout;
V_b = [V_b Vnc];
end
% defining Variables
f = [1 5 10 15 25 40 50];
v_phase1 = V_new1; % applying volatges from fixed boost plan
w_sync = 2*pi*f;
x1 = w_sync*3.3e-3;
x2 = w_sync*3.8e-3;
xm = w_sync*110e-3;
l1 = 3.3e-3;
l2 = 3.8e-3;
lm = 110e-3;
le = (lm*l1)/(l1+lm);
p = 2;
n_sync = (60*f)/p;
r1 = 0.6;
r2 = 0.4;
v_phase = 400 / sqrt(3);
w_sync7 = w_sync(7);
w_sync6 = w_sync(6);
w_sync5 = w_sync(5);
w_sync4 = w_sync(4);
w_sync3 = w_sync(3);
w_sync2 = w_sync(2);
w_sync1 = w_sync(1);
v_th7 = v_thh(1,7);
v_th6 = v_thh(1,6);
v_th5 = v_thh(1,5);
v_th4 = v_thh(1,4);
v_th3 = v_thh(1,3);
v_th2 = v_thh(1,2);
v_th1 = v_thh(1,1);
nm1 = n_mech(1,:);
nm2 = n_mech(2,:);
nm3 = n_mech(3,:);
nm4 = n_mech(4,:);
nm5 = n_mech(5,:);
nm6 = n_mech(6,:);
nm7 = n_mech(7,:);
%calculating torque
for ii = 1:51
t_ind7(ii) = (6*((v_th7/w_sync7)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync7)/(r2^2
+((w_sync7*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind6(ii) = (6*((v_th6/w_sync6)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync6)/(r2^2
+((w_sync6*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind5(ii) = (6*((v_th5/w_sync5)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync5)/(r2^2
+((w_sync5*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind4(ii) = (6*((v_th4/w_sync4)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync4)/(r2^2
+((w_sync4*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind3(ii) = (6*((v_th3/w_sync3)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync3)/(r2^2
+((w_sync3*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind2(ii) = (6*((v_th2/w_sync2)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync2)/(r2^2
+((w_sync2*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind1(ii) = (6*((v_th1/w_sync1)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync1)/(r2^2
+((w_sync1*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
%calculating voltages
for i=2:6
V_new01 = [Vout];
Vnc = (V_hlf-Vout)*f(i)/(f_rated/2)+Vout;
V_new11 = [V_new11 Vnc];
end
% defining Variables
f = [1 5 10 15 25 40 50];
v_phase1 = V_new33; % applying voltages from variable boost plan
w_sync = 2*pi*f;
x1 = w_sync*3.3e-3;
x2 = w_sync*3.8e-3;
xm = w_sync*110e-3;
l1 = 3.3e-3,
l2 = 3.8e-3;
lm = 110e-3;
le = (lm*l1)/(l1+lm);
p = 2;
n_sync = (60*f)/p;
r1 = 0.6;
r2 = 0.4;
v_phase = 400 / sqrt(3);
w_sync7 = w_sync(7)
w_sync6 = w_sync(6);
w_sync5 = w_sync(5);
w_sync4 = w_sync(4);
w_sync3 = w_sync(3);
w_sync2 = w_sync(2);
w_sync1 = w_sync(1);
v_th7 = v_thh(1,7)
v_th6 = v_thh(1,6);
v_th5 = v_thh(1,5);
v_th4 = v_thh(1,4);
v_th3 = v_thh(1,3);
v_th2 = v_thh(1,2);
v_th1 = v_thh(1,1);
%defining the slip and mech speed
n_mech = [];
for i = 1:7
s = (0:1:50) / 50;
s(1) = 0.001;
nm = (1 - s) * n_sync(i);
n_mech = [n_mech ; nm];
end
n_mech;
nm1 = n_mech(1,:);
nm2 = n_mech(2,:);
nm3 = n_mech(3,:);
nm4 = n_mech(4,:);
nm5 = n_mech(5,:);
nm6 = n_mech(6,:);
nm7 = n_mech(7,:);
for ii = 1:51
t_ind7(ii) = (6*((v_th7/w_sync7)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync7)/(r2^2
+((w_sync7*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind6(ii) = (6*((v_th6/w_sync6)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync6)/(r2^2
+((w_sync6*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind5(ii) = (6*((v_th5/w_sync5)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync5)/(r2^2
+((w_sync5*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind4(ii) = (6*((v_th4/w_sync4)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync4)/(r2^2
+((w_sync4*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind3(ii) = (6*((v_th3/w_sync3)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync3)/(r2^2
+((w_sync3*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind2(ii) = (6*((v_th2/w_sync2)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync2)/(r2^2
+((w_sync2*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
for ii = 1:51
t_ind1(ii) = (6*((v_th1/w_sync1)^2)*r2*s(ii)*w_sync1)/(r2^2
+((w_sync1*s(ii))^2)*(le+l2)^2);
end
plot(nm7,t_ind7,'Color','k','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm6,t_ind6,'Color','r','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm5,t_ind5,'Color','b','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm4,t_ind4,'Color','#D95319','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm3,t_ind3,'Color','#7E2F8E','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm2,t_ind2,'Color','#0072BD','LineWidth',2.0);
hold on;
plot(nm1,t_ind1,'Color','#77AC30','LineWidth',2.0);
grid on;
x0=5;
y0=5;
width=800;
height=600;
xlim([0.00 1600]);
ylim([0 600]);
yticks(0:50:600);
xticks(0:100:1600);
set(gcf,'position',[x0,y0,width,height])
title ('Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristic under Variable Boost
Plan','Fontweight','Bold','FontSize',15);
lgd = legend('50Hz','40Hz','25Hz','15Hz','10Hz',"5Hz","1Hz");
lgd.FontSize = 8;
xlabel('Nmech (RPM)','Fontweight','Bold');
ylabel('Torque (Nm)','Fontweight','Bold');
Fixed Boost Plan
The maximum torque at lower frequencies (1-5 Hz) have increased, and they are relatively
closer to the maximum torque at rated frequency. This behavior is due to the initial voltage
boost given.
Variable Boost Plan
The maximum torque at lower frequencies (1-5 Hz) have increased, and they are relatively
higher than the maximum torque at rated frequency. This behavior is due to there’s a
considerable deviation of the applied voltage in variable boost plan than which we computed
in part 2 v/f variation