MODULE 7:

IMAGING AND
DESIGN
FOR SOCIAL
IMPACT
MODULE 7:
Lesson 6:
IMAGE
Categories of Image File Types

Vector. It is a type of
image that does not Raster. Opposite
lose its quality when to vector, raster
zoomed in. Your images become
image will not be pixelated when
pixelated when enlarged.
enlarged.
Vector Image File Extensions

Encapsulated Postscript
Adobe Illustrator Document
(EPS). This vector format are
(AI). Most preferable and
designed to produce high-
commonly used image file
resolution graphics for print.
type by designers. If you want
Being a universal file type, EPS
to create a vector image, AI is
files can be opened in any
one of the best tool for you.
design editor.
Raster Image File Extensions

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Graphics Interchange Format.
(JPG or JPEG). This file type is the
Portable Network Graphics This file type is known in its
most commonly used image file
(PNG). This file type is known for animated form. You can find them
type. Since this is a raster type of
having a transparent background. in social networking sites as posts
image, JPEG images are known for
Images in this type are commonly or comments. GIFs are often used
their “lossy” compression.
used in web documents. in web pages as can load quickly
Meaning, the image quality
due to its reduced file size.
decreases when being enlarged.
MODULE 7:
Lesson 7:
PHOTO IMAGING
AND POST
PROCESSING
PHOTOGRAPHY

• Photography is an art form like

drawing and painting.
Photographers use their camera to
make us see life in a different way,
feel emotions, and record stories
and events. Greek for “Painting with
Light” and can be considered both
an art and science. Photography is a
science, because there are basic
principles of physics that govern
success and Photography is art
because its beauty is subjective.
PHOTOGRAPHY
• Photography it
is the process of
capturing light with
a device known as
a camera and
creating an image.
The world’s first photograph
made in a camera was taken in
1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
The photograph was taken from the
upstair’s windows of Niépce’s
estate in the Burgundy region of
France. This image was captured
via a process known as heliography,
which used Bitumen of Judea
coated onto a piece of glass or
metal; the Bitumen than hardened in
proportion to the amount of light that
hit it.
World first Photograph by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826
 Three basic types of Photography

LANDSCAPE PORTRAIT DOCUMENTARY

Landscape
Photography

Landscape is a photograph
of the environment. It could
be the forest, mountains,
oceans, or your backyard.
Landscape photography is
a photograph of the
outdoors. It could be the
land, water, buildings, etc.
Portrait
Photography

The Dress - Sally Mann

A portrait photograph is
a picture of a person or Holding Virgina - Sally Mann

animal that shows an

emotional connection
Documentary
Photography

The Dress - Sally Mann

Documentary photography tells a story

without changing the facts. It can be a
portrait or landscape. Remember that Holding Virgina - Sally Mann
a good documentary photograph
makes you wonder the story behind
the picture.
 Top 10
Tips for
Great
Pictures
 Look
your
subject
in the eye

Too High Better

Use a plain
background

Distracting background Better

Move in
close Good

Better
Use flash
outdoors Subject is dark

With flash
 Move it
from the Boring

middle

Better
Lock the
focus
Subject not in focus

Better
 Know
your
flash’s
Without flash

range

With flash
 Watch
the light

Good

Also good
 Take
some
vertical Good
pictures

Better
 Be a
picture
director
Boring

Better
FRAMING GOOD SHOTS
 A CAMERA SHOT size refers to what
elements are included in your photo within
the outside edge (called the FRAME) of
your photo. It can also refer to the purpose
of the photo.
MOST COMMON
FRAMING
CAMERA SHOTS
• Extreme Wide Shot
• Wide Shot
• Full Shot
• Medium Wide Shot
• Medium Shot
• Medium Close Up
• Close Up
• Extreme Close Up
CAMERA SHOTS
THAT REFER TO
THE PURPOSE

• Establishing Shot
• Detail Shot
• Over-the-shoulder
shot
• Point of View Shot
Establishing Shot
Detail Shot
Detail Shot
Over the shoulder shots
POV Shot
POV Shot
Which of the following
pictures looks
appealing to you?

Figure 1 Figure 2
FRAMING
GOOD
SHOTS
The Rule of Thirds

• First, imagine that two vertical and

two horizontal lines divide your
viewfinder into thirds. (Think of a
slightly elongated tic-tac-toe
board). The rule of thirds suggests
that the main subject in your shot
should fall on one of the points
where these imaginary lines
intersect.
 • is the space that you leave in front of someone's face
on the screen. This space gives the person room to
Look Room breathe, as well as gives the impression that the
person is looking at or talking to someone just off
screen. If you don't leave enough look room, your
subject will appear to be boxed-in and confined.
 • Moving objects such as cars require a similar
buffer called "lead room." Allow extra space in
LEAD ROOM front of a moving car so that the viewer can
see that it has someplace to go. Without this
visual padding, the car's forward progress will
seem impeded.
HEADROOM • Headroom is the amount of space between the top of
someone's head and the top of the frame. If you leave
too much space, the person will appear as if sinking in
quicksand. If you don't leave enough room, the person
will seem in danger of bumping his head. By positioning
the subject's eyes on the top third imaginary line, you
will be building in the proper amount of headroom.
The Background

• Be aware of lampposts, trees or other

such objects that are directly behind
your subject. A flagpole protruding
from the top of an actor's head looks
ridiculous, as does a vase that may
seem to be balanced on someone's
shoulder. Likewise, a power line
running through the frame may appear
to be going in one of your subject's
ears, and out the other. It's best to
steer clear of any such visual
distractions.
Framing Using
Objects

• Try using something in the environment to

obstructed part of your shot. Place a piece
of furniture in your foreground and shoot
past it by framing it to the extreme right
or left. You can shoot through open doors,
where the doorjamb frames the edges of
the screen.
• Be careful, however, not to over-do it.
Using the environment to frame your shots
should not be so blatant as to distract
from what is happening in the scene.
Natural Framing
Natural
Framing
The Ultimate Goal

• Good composition is a means to an

end. When it's done well, the
audience should not notice it.
Instead it should help create a
mood, or at the very least, a sense
of normalcy and stability. The next
time you watch a movie, pay
attention to how the
cinematographer frames the shots.
You'll notice that they use the rule
of thirds as their foundation, and
build from there.
References
• https://apps.kodakmoments.com/top-10-tips-for-great-pictures/
• https://brickcentral.net/framing-camera-shots/
• https://www.videomaker.com/article/f5/9231-framing-good-
shots/