Organizational Behavior

Being a good manager requires strong interpersonal skills, as

communication is crucial, as one must manage different types of
resources: people, money, and time in order to achieve specific
goals.
A Manager’s Four Main Functions
• Planning function refers to setting goals, creating strategies,
and preparation of plans that make different activities work
coherently and effectively.

• Organising function concerns tasks identification and

division, assignment of tasks to individuals, setting reporting
and decision- making systems.
• Leading function relates to motivating workers and directing
others’ actions, choosing communication canals and solving
conflicts.

• Controlling function refers to controlling others’ work

outcomes and checking whether everything is being done as
planned; and when necessary undertaking corrective
actions.
There are 3 types of management skills
developed by Robert Katz
• Technical skills (application of specialised knowledge, know-
how, e.g. think of mechanical engineer, vet, pharmacist)
• Human skills (easiness to work in a team, understand others’
behaviors and motives, stimulate others’ actions, ability to
communicate and get along with people)
• Conceptual skills (mental capability to analyse problems,
manage complexity of an issue, decide on solutions and
evaluation of possibilities).
Defining Organization Behavior (OB)

“A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals,

groups, and structures have on behavior within organizations, for
the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an
organization’s effectiveness” (Robbins, Judge “Organizational
Behavior”)
OB deals with 3 levels of behaviors:

INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS AND STRUCTURES.

Knowledge about those 3 types of behaviors is necessary to apply

actions which make the whole organization function successfully.
Analyzing at all times the various factors that are determining
factors in behavior at a personal, group and organizational
level.
Understanding this behavior helps, allows to increase efficiency
in terms of production, ease in dispute resolution.
 For this, study various variables using behavioral
science.

- Psychology (studies behavior of individual)

- Social psychology (studies behavior of individual within a
group)
- Sociology (studies groups, societies, organisational systems,
how individual acts in relation to a society)
- Anthropology (studies societies, groups, cultures,
organisational systems)
Analyzing at all times the various factors that are determining
factors in behavior at a personal, group and organizational
level.
Understanding this behavior helps, allows to increase efficiency
in terms of production, ease in dispute resolution.
MAIN AIMS

• Describe, how people behave in certain

conditions.
• Understand what causes this behavior.
• Predict how specific employees will behave.
• Controlling behavior, at least partially.
There are several dependent Independent variables are
variables in OB, including studied to identify their impact
• Employee productivity. on the dependent variable.
• Job satisfaction. Independent variables in OB
• Turnover. are
• Intelligence
• Absenteeism. • Motivation
• Organizational commitment. • Experience
• Personality
• Leadership styles
• Selection methods
• Bonus and incentives etc.
 Project Management Tree Cartoon

It has been used and adapted widely to illustrate the perils

of poor communication during a project.
Groups and teams are the central building blocks of organizations. Many
organizational tasks and functions are performed by teams, and
organizational communication is often organized in meetings and other
interactions that involve teams and groups.
An input–process–output framework is used to describe, classify, and
connect key findings regarding the role of communication in
organizational groups and teams.

The framework is rooted in early group communication models and

reflects multiple roles of communication in organizations.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314711997_Groups_and_Teams_in_Organizations
Groups make it easier for us to complete a wide variety of
tasks; help us establish meaningful social bonds; and help us
create, maintain, and change our sense of self (Hargie, 2011).

Small group
communication refers
to interactions among
three or more people
who are connected
through a common
purpose, mutual
influence, and a shared
identity.
Small groups who add too many members increase the potential for
group members to feel overwhelmed or disconnected.
Types of Small Groups
Task-oriented groups are formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or
generate ideas or information (McKay et al., 1995).
Relational-oriented groups are formed to promote interpersonal connections
and are more focused on quality interactions that contribute to the well-being of
group members.
Common Business Documents Used In The Workplace
Business documents are a must for the company’s well-being.
Having well-organized company documentation helps you
keep better track of organizational information.

https://slack.com/intl/es-mx/blog/collaboration/electronic-communication-in-business
https://mitechnews.com/guest-columns/10-most-common-business-documents-used-in-the-workplace/
Regardless of your role in a company, you’re sure to encounter various
business documents, be familiar with their characteristics and improve
your professional performance.
By understanding, what the most common business documents are, you
gain valuable skills and insight through your research.
What is a Workplace Document?
In a business, there are written records or communications that are
used to convey the information of a business within its people and
outside the organization. Those professional documents are known as
business documents.
They are essential for determining the business activity, providing
information to the stakeholders, and facilitating communication and
collaboration within and outside the organization.
Legal Compliance: Documentation is the means through which
businesses comply with legal requirements and regulations.
Accountability: Documents are also a paper trail that can be used
to hold employees and workers accountable for their actions.
Knowledge management: Documents helps business capture and
record important information such as policies and procedures.
Communication: Business documents facilitate communication
within and outside the organization.
Record keeping: It provides a record of business activities and
transactions, which is a must for tracking performance, measuring
progress, and taking informed decisions.
 Most Common Business Documents Used in Workplace

1. Business Plan
2. Invoice
3. Purchase Order
4. Contract
5. Business Proposal
6. Memo
7. Report
8. Financial Statement
9. Employment Handbook
10. Business Correspondence
 Electronic communication can be a game changer.
Electronic communication is any form of communication
that’s broadcast, transmitted, stored or viewed using
electronic media, such as computers, phones, email and
video. But each has specific uses and is better suited for
certain scenarios.
• 1. Email
• 2. Instant messaging and live chat
• 3. Websites and blogs
• 4. SMS/text messaging
• 5. Phone and voicemail
• 6. Video
Pros and Cons
Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is the exchange of information between or among two
people other than oral and written communication. It is usually done through body
language like body movement, gestures, eye contact, etc.
Sometimes it can be more effective than oral and written
communication when it is about expressing feelings, attitudes, and
emotions. However, for the effectiveness of non-verbal communication
presence of communicating parties is necessary.
Handshakes between employees, and patting on the backs are the
signs of informal relations between them. A manager should be
aware of the importance of non-verbal communication and its
potential impact on an organization’s performance.
• Humans can make and recognize around
250,000 facial expressions.
• Nonverbal cues can be as almost five times as
effective as what you say, according to a study
at UCLA.
• Workers spend 2.8 hours per day reading and
answering emails. Only 7% of message is based
on the words while 93% is non-verbal.

https://gitnux.org/nonverbal-communication-
statistics/#:~:text=Humans%20can%20make%20and%20recognize,93%25%20is%20non%2Dverbal.
• In a business setting, the first four minutes are
driven 58% by the visual elements.
• 97% of communication in the workplace is
nonverbal, according to a study by UCLA.
• 90% of information transmitted to the brain is
visual.

https://gitnux.org/nonverbal-communication-
statistics/#:~:text=Humans%20can%20make%20and%20recognize,93%25%20is%20non%2Dverbal.
key elements of non verbal communication
• Gesture
• Posture
• Facial Expressions
• Paralinguistics • Touch
• Appearance
• Proxemics
• Personal space
• Movement • Vocal Tone
• Eyes
• Volume
• Pitch
• Use of arms
Working Environment
Organizational culture and climate consist of shared values, norms,
attitudes, and perceptions that influence how people in an organization
behave.
Priorities, leadership commitments, and staff motivation reflect its
culture and climate.
For new programs and practices, culture and climate may affect how
people accept and support change.
While people often use the terms "culture" and "climate"
interchangeably, Charles Glisson, a leading researcher in this area,
makes the following distinction (2015, p. 2):
• Organizational culture refers to the shared behavioral expectations
and norms in a work environment. This is the collective view of “the
way work is done.”
• Organizational climate represents staff perceptions of the impact of
the work environment on the individual. This is the view of “how it
feels” to work at the agency (e.g., supportive, stressful).
Subdimensions of Organizational Culture and Climate.
• Organizational norms, values, and purpose
• Workforce attitudes, morale, motivation, and buy-in
• Leadership vision and commitment