Statistics Assignment

Submitted by

Noor-ul-Huda Aamir

Roll No. 6

MS-II (self-support)

2023-2025

Submitted to

Dr. Aasma Yousaf

Centre for Clinical Psychology

University of the Punjab

Lahore
 Parametric Test

One sample T-test

Depression score in students in PU compared with population mean

Variable M SD t (39) p Cohen’s d

Depression score 3.73 .73 2.3 .022 0.7

Test revealed significant differences in depression scores of PU t (39) =2.3, p>.05.

Cohen’s d value .08 showed large effect size of this study on general population.

Independent Sample T-test

Cholesterol concentration differences in people who do diet and people who exercise

Diet Exercise Cohen’

M SD M SD t(30) p sd

Cholesterol level 6.1 .51 5.7 .38 2.48 .020 0.8

Test revealed significant differences in cholesterol concentrations of people who

exercise and people who do diet with t (30) =2.48, p>.05. This study found that people who

do exercise have less cholesterol concentrations (M=5.7, SD=.38).) than people who only diet

(M= 6.1, SD=.51). Cohen’s d value .08 showed large effect size of this study on general

population.
Paired Sample T-test

Different teaching style effect on Mid and final examination GPA

Midterm marks Final term marks

M SD M SD t(30) p Cohen’s d

Examination 2.4 1.6 3.5 1.5 21.5 .000 .06

Table shows mean difference in mid and final examination GPA of same students.

Results revealed significant mean difference on examination marks t (30) =21.5, p>.05.

Findings indicated that results of mid were lower (M=2.4, SD=1.65) than final term

examination (M=3.5, SD=1.5). Cohen’s d value indicates very small effect size.

ANOVA (One way Anova with 3 DV’s)

Means, standard deviations, one-way analysis of variance in socioeconomic status and job

performance, job motivation and stress levels

Measure Upper class Lower class Middle class

M SD M SD M SD F η2

Job performance 8.53 .54 3.62 1.22 5 .00 74.23 .56

Job motivation 9.52 .51 4.53 .51 10 .00 27.34 .43

Stress level 2.83 .74 9.24 .24 4 .00 49.56 .32

Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for job motivation, job

performance and stress level across socioeconomic classes. Results indicated significant

differences across classes on job performance F (2,73) = 74.23 p=0.05. Findings suggest that

upper class have higher job performance than middle and lower class with medium effect size
η2 =.56. A Tukey post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference between the upper,

middle and lower class. Results indicated significant differences across classes on job

motivation F (2,73) = 27.34, p=0.05. Findings suggest that middle class have higher job

motivation than lower and upper class with low effect size η2 =.43. A Tukey post hoc test

revealed statistically significant difference between the upper, middle and lower class.

Results indicated significant differences across classes on stress level F (2,73) = 49.56

p=0.05. Findings suggest that lower class have higher stress level than middle and upper class

with low effect size η2 =.32. A Tukey post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference

between the upper, middle and lower class.

2 Way ANOVA

Means, standard deviations, two-way analysis of variance for Life Satisfaction.

Variables Early adults Middle adults older adults ANOVA

M SD M SD M SD Effect F ratio df η2

Life satisfaction

First born 17.00 2.12 16.11 2.84 15.00 1.5 AG 14.70 2.5 .37

Second born 14.00 1.41 16.00 2.65 15.18 2.7 BO 6.06 2.5 .19

Third born 17.50 3.53 16.30 2.47 17.00 2.5 AG*BO 3.88 4.5 .23

Note N=70. ANOVA =analysis of variance, AG= age group, BO= birth order

Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for life satisfaction. Results

indicated significant differences in life satisfaction on age groups with F (2,73) =14.70,

p=.000 and η2 = .37 with small effect size for first born, F (2,73) =6.06, p=.000 and η2 = .19

with small effect size for second born F (2,73) =3.38, p=.000 and η2 = .23 with small effect

size. The findings revealed that in first born, early adults have higher life satisfaction as

compared to middle and older adults. In second born, middle adults have higher life

satisfaction (M=16.00, SD=2.65) than early adults (M=14.00, SD=1.41) and older adults
(M=15.18, SD=2.7). In last born, early adults have higher life satisfaction (M=17.50,

SD=3.53) than middle adults (M=16.30, SD=2.47) and older adults (M=17, SD=2.5). Post

hoc test revealed significant difference between age groups.

One Way Within Subject ANOVA

Means, standard deviations, Analysis of variance for treatment effect

Variable Pre treatment Mid treatment Post treatment

M SD M SD M SD F ratio η2

Anxiety 32.09 12.04 24.23 10.12 20.08 7.8 258.69 .78

Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for anxiety treatment in patients

with acne. Results indicated significant differences in anxiety across treatment F (2,73)

=258.69, p=.000 and η2 = .78 with large effect size. The findings revealed that higher level of

anxiety symptoms before treatment (M=32.09, SD=12.04) decreased in midway treatment

(M=24.23, SD=10.12) and post treatment (M=20.08, SD= 7.8). The paired wise comparison

showed significant differences in all pairs of scores between pre mid and post treatment.

2 Way Within Subject ANOVA

Means, standard deviations, Analysis of variance for treatments effect

Variable treatment A Treatment B treatment C

M SD M SD M SD F η2

Pre Treatment 41.46 12.04 31.03 8.86 29.45 10.12 689.05 .30

Post Treatment 32.09 12.04 24.23 10.12 22.43 12.12 41.48 .94
 Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for treatment A and treatment B in

patients with back pain. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference

in the mean scores of treatment A, Treatment B, and Treatment C between before F (2,73)

=689.5, p=.000 and η2 = .30 with small effect size and after the treatment F (2,73) =41.48,

p=.000 and η2 = .90 with large effect size. The findings revealed that for treatment A, pre

level of pain before treatment (M=41.46, SD=12.04) decreased in post treatment

(M=32.09 .23, SD=12.04). The findings revealed that for treatment B, pre level of pain

before treatment (M=31.46, SD=8.86) decreased in post treatment (M=24.23, SD=10.12).

The findings revealed that for treatment C, pre level of pain before treatment (M=29.45,

SD=10.12) decreased in post treatment (M=22.43, SD=12.12). The paired wise comparison

showed significant differences in all pairs of scores between pre mid and post treatment.

ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariate)

Means, standard deviations, Analysis of variance for job performance and age (covariate)

Measure Upper class Lower class Middle class

M SD M SD M SD F η2

Job performance 8.53 .54 3.62 1.22 5 .00 74.23 .56

Age 9.52 .51 4.53 .51 10 .00 27.34 .78

Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for job motivation, socioeconomic

classes, age being a covariate. Results indicated significant differences across classes on job

performance F (2,73) = 74.23 p=0.05. Findings suggest that upper class have higher job

performance than middle and lower class with medium effect size η2 =.56. Results indicated

significant effect of age across classes on job performance F (2,73) = 27.34, p=0.05 and have
large (η2 =.78) effect size A Tukey post hoc test revealed statistically significant difference

between the upper, middle and lower class.

Mixed ANOVA

Means, standard deviations, Analysis of variance for depression score

Variable Pre assessment Mid assessment Post assessment

M SD M SD M SD F η2

Male 9.80 2.51 8.09 12.51 7.7 4.61 75.32 .74

Female 10.61 1.82 4.32 1.23 6.8 2.3 70.32 .70

A 2*3 mixed ANOVA was conducted to find out main effect of gender and

assessment on depression scores. Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for

gender and assessment. Results indicated significant differences in male gender across

assessment F (2,73) = 75.32 p=0.05. The findings revealed that for male, level of depression

before treatment (M=41.46, SD=12.04) decreased in mid treatment (M= 8.09, SD=12.51) and

post treatment (M=7.7 .23, SD=4.61) with medium effect size (η2=.74). The findings revealed

that for female gender, level of depression before treatment (M=10.61, SD=1.82) decreased

in mid treatment (M= 4.32, SD=1.23) and post treatment (M=6.8, SD=2.3) with medium

effect size (η2=.70). The paired wise comparison showed significant differences in all pairs of

scores between pre, mid and post treatment.

MANOVA

Means, standard deviations, Analysis of variance for

Variables Male Female

M SD M SD F η2

Math score 12.91 3.42 12.13 3.17 .012 .000

Urdu score 12.56 4.17 12.34 4.12 .029 .001

Table shows means, standard deviation and F-ratio for gender and subject scores.

Results indicated insignificant differences in math score across gender F (2,28) = .012

p=0.05. The findings revealed that for there is no difference in math’s cores among male

(M=12.91, SD=12.13) and female (M= 12.13, SD=3.17) with no effect size (η2=.00). Results

indicated insignificant differences in science score across gender F (2,28) = .191 p=0.05. The

findings revealed that for there is no difference in science’s scores among male (M=10.23,

SD=2.16) and female (M= 10.13, SD=3.17) with very low effect size (η2=.045). Results

indicated insignificant differences in Urdu score across gender F (2,28) = .029 p=0.05. The

findings revealed that for there is so difference in Urdu’s scores among male (M=12.56,

SD=4.17) and female (M= 12.34, SD=4.12) with very low effect size (η2=.001).