Temperature-Based Fan Speed Control & Monitoring With

Arduino

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Raunak Raj (23BCS10205)

Rohan Raj (23BCS10178)

Ambuj Shukla(23BCS10084)

Aarsh Sharma (23BCS11331)

Parveen (23BCS11709)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
IN
Computer Science and engineering

Chandigarh University
February - June 2024
 CHAPTER 3.

DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS 11

SNO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. Evaluation &Selection of specification/ 1

Features
2. Design Constraints 1

3. Analysis of Features and finalization 1-2

subject to constraints
4. Design Flow 2

5. Design Selection 2

6. Implantation plan/methodology 3
 INTRODUCTION

In this project, the microcontroller controls the speed of an electric fan according to the
requirement & allows dynamic and faster control and the LCD makes the system
user-friendly. Sensed temperature in Celsius Scale and fan speed in percentage are
simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel.

The application areas of this project are air-conditioners, water heaters, snow-melters,
ovens, heat exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths, and veterinary
operating tables.

3.1. Evaluation &Selection of Specification/Features

In the evaluation and selection of specifications and features for the temperature-based fan speed
control and monitoring project, several factors should be considered to ensure the effectiveness,
reliability, and user satisfaction of the system. Below are key aspects to consider:

1. Functional Requirements:

- Temperature Sensing Accuracy: Evaluate the accuracy of temperature sensors to ensure

precise measurement for effective fan speed control.
- Fan Speed Control Range: Determine the range of fan speeds required to accommodate
varying temperature conditions.
- User Interface: Assess the usability of the interface for easy monitoring and adjustment of fan
settings.
- Integration: Ensure seamless integration of components to facilitate smooth operation and
communication within the system.

2. Performance Requirements:

- Fan Speed Response Time: Define the desired response time for fan speed adjustments based
on temperature changes.
- Energy Efficiency: Evaluate the energy consumption of the system to ensure optimal efficiency
in fan operation.
- Reliability: Determine the reliability of components and control algorithms to minimize system
failures and malfunctions.

3. Cost Considerations:

- Component Cost: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of components to ensure the project remains
within budget constraints.
- Long-Term Costs: Consider factors such as maintenance and operational costs to assess the
overall cost of ownership.
4. User Requirements:

- User Preferences: Gather user feedback to understand preferences regarding fan speed control
and monitoring features.
- Ease of Use: Prioritize features that enhance user experience and simplify operation, such as
intuitive interfaces and automatic fan speed adjustments.

5. Quality and Maintenance:

- Component Quality: Select high-quality components to ensure durability and longevity of the
system.
- Ease of Maintenance: Design the system for easy maintenance and troubleshooting to
minimize downtime and repair costs.

6. Testing and Validation:

- Prototype Testing: Conduct thorough testing of prototypes to validate performance and identify
any issues or areas for improvement.
- Validation Criteria: Define specific criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of
the system under various operating conditions.

3.2. Design Constraints

1. Cost:

- The cost constraint is significant as it directly impacts the feasibility and affordability of the
temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system. Since the project aims to provide a
cost-effective solution, careful consideration must be given to the selection of components,
particularly the temperature sensor, microcontroller, and fan. Choosing economical yet reliable
components is essential to ensure the system remains within budget constraints while meeting
performance requirements.

2. Functionality:

- The functionality constraint is crucial for ensuring that the proposed solution meets the desired
objectives effectively. The system must accurately measure temperature, adjust fan speed
accordingly, and provide a user-friendly interface for monitoring and configuring fan settings. Any
deviation from these core functionalities could lead to dissatisfaction among users and compromise
the utility of the system. Therefore, it's essential to prioritize functionality throughout the design
and implementation phases to deliver a robust and efficient solution.
These constraints are directly applicable to the proposed solution as they address the key
considerations of affordability and functionality. Adhering to these constraints will ensure that the
temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system remains cost-effective while fulfilling
its intended purpose effectively.

3.3. Analysis of Features and finalization subject to constraints.

1. Cost Constraint:

Feature Analysis:

- Component Selection: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of each component, considering both

initial purchase price and long-term durability.

- Enclosure Design: Opt for cost-efficient enclosure materials that provide adequate protection
for the components without exceeding the budget.

- Finalization of Features:

- Select components based on a balance between cost and quality. Prioritize reliable yet
economical options to ensure the system remains within budget constraints.
- Simplify enclosure design to minimize material costs while still providing sufficient protection
for the components.

2. Functionality Constraint:

- Feature Analysis:

- Temperature Sensing Accuracy: Ensure the selected temperature sensor provides accurate
readings to facilitate precise fan speed control.

- User Interface: Design a user-friendly interface with intuitive controls for adjusting fan settings
and viewing temperature readings.

- Finalization of Features:

- Choose a temperature sensor with a proven track record of accuracy and reliability to maintain
the system's functionality.
- Implement a straightforward user interface that meets the basic requirements of temperature
monitoring and fan speed adjustment without unnecessary complexity.

3.4. Design Flow

Introduction

The design flow of a project encompasses the systematic process of translating requirements into a
functional and efficient solution. This report outlines the design flow adopted for the development
of a temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system.
1. Requirements Gathering
The design process begins with a comprehensive analysis of project requirements. Stakeholder
inputs, functional specifications, and performance expectations are gathered to define the scope and
objectives of the system. Key requirements include precise temperature sensing, dynamic fan speed
control, a user-friendly interface, and compliance with safety standards.

2. Conceptual Design
Based on the gathered requirements, several conceptual designs are proposed to address the project
objectives. These designs explore different approaches, such as analog control circuits,
microcontroller-based PWM control, and integrated circuit fan controllers. Each concept is
evaluated against criteria such as cost, functionality, and regulatory compliance to determine its
feasibility.

3. Feasibility Analysis
A feasibility analysis is conducted to assess the practicality and viability of each conceptual design.
Factors such as component availability, technical complexity, and resource requirements are
considered to determine the most feasible approach. Cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment are
also performed to identify potential challenges and mitigation strategies.

4. Detailed Design
Once a feasible design concept is selected, the detailed design phase begins. This phase involves
specifying the system architecture, selecting components, and defining interface requirements.
Detailed schematics, diagrams, and specifications are developed to guide the implementation
process. Design considerations such as safety, performance, and scalability are integrated into the
detailed design to ensure robustness and reliability.

5. Prototyping and Testing

Prototyping is a crucial step in the design flow to validate the functionality and performance of the
system. A prototype is constructed based on the detailed design specifications and subjected to
rigorous testing. Testing includes functional testing, performance testing, and validation against
requirements. Feedback from testing is used to refine the design and address any identified issues
or shortcomings.

3.5. Design Selection

Introduction

The design selection process plays a critical role in determining the most suitable approach for
addressing project requirements and achieving desired outcomes. This report outlines the design
selection process undertaken for the development of a temperature-based fan speed control and
monitoring system.
1. Requirements Review
The design selection process begins with a thorough review of project requirements. Key
requirements include precise temperature sensing, dynamic fan speed control, a user-friendly
interface, compliance with safety standards, and cost-effectiveness. Understanding these
requirements is essential for evaluating potential design solutions.

2. Conceptual Design Exploration

Multiple conceptual design solutions are explored to address the project requirements. Three
primary approaches are considered: analog control circuit, microcontroller-based PWM control,
and integrated circuit fan controller. Each approach is evaluated based on its advantages,
disadvantages, and alignment with project objectives.

Several criteria are established to evaluate and compare the conceptual design solutions:

3. Advantages and Disadvantages Analysis

Each conceptual design solution is analyzed based on its advantages and disadvantages:

- Analog Control Circuit:

Advantages: Simple design, low cost.
Disadvantages: Limited precision, less flexibility.

- Microcontroller-Based PWM Control:

Advantages: High precision, flexibility, and integration with temperature sensors.
Disadvantages: Higher initial cost, requires programming expertise.

- Integrated Circuit Fan Controller:

Advantages: Plug-and-play solution, simplified hardware setup.
Disadvantages: Limited customization options, higher cost.

5. Selection Criteria
Based on the evaluation criteria and analysis of advantages and disadvantages, the following
selection criteria are considered:

- Precision: Given the importance of accurate temperature sensing and fan speed control, precision
is a critical factor in selecting the design solution.
- Cost-effectiveness: While initial cost is a consideration, long-term cost-effectiveness and value
proposition are also important factors.
- Flexibility: The selected design solution should offer flexibility for customization and adaptation
to different requirements and environments.
6. Selection of Best Feasible Approach
After careful evaluation and consideration of the evaluation criteria, the **Microcontroller-Based
PWM Control** approach is selected as the best feasible approach. Despite its higher initial cost
and technical complexity, this approach offers the precision, flexibility, and integration capabilities
required to meet project requirements effectively.

Identification of Appropriate Standards:

1. Safety Standards:

- Electrical Safety Standards: Ensure compliance with relevant electrical safety standards such as
IEC 60950 or UL 60950 to mitigate risks associated with electrical hazards.
- Fire Safety Standards: Adhere to fire safety standards applicable to electronic devices to prevent
fire hazards, such as IEC 60601 for medical electrical equipment.

2. Interface Standards:

- Arduino Compatibility: Ensure compatibility with Arduino standards to facilitate seamless

integration with Arduino development boards and libraries.
- Communication Protocols: Adhere to standardized communication protocols (e.g., I2C, SPI) for
interfacing between components to ensure interoperability and compatibility.

3. Environmental Standards:

- RoHS Compliance: Ensure compliance with Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

directives to minimize the use of hazardous materials in the construction of electronic components.
- Energy Efficiency Standards: Consider energy efficiency standards (e.g., ENERGY STAR) for
electronic devices to minimize energy consumption and promote environmental sustainability.

4. Quality Standards:

- ISO Quality Management Standards: Implement quality management systems compliant with
ISO 9001 to ensure consistency in product quality and customer satisfaction.
- Component Reliability Standards: Select components that meet industry reliability standards
(e.g., MIL-STD-883 for electronic components) to ensure long-term performance and durability.

5. Regulatory Standards:
- FCC Compliance: Ensure compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
regulations for electromagnetic interference (EMI) to prevent interference with other electronic
devices.
- CE Marking: Comply with CE marking requirements for electronic devices sold within the
European Economic Area (EEA) to demonstrate conformity with health, safety, and environmental
protection standards.
6. Performance Standards:

- Fan Efficiency Standards: Consider fan efficiency standards (e.g., ASHRAE Standard 90.1) to
optimize fan selection and operation for energy efficiency and performance.
- Temperature Measurement Accuracy Standards: Ensure temperature sensors meet relevant
accuracy standards (e.g., ASTM E2877) to ensure reliable temperature measurements for precise
fan control.

Conclusion:

Identifying and adhering to appropriate standards is essential to ensure the safety, quality, and
performance of the temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system. By complying
with relevant standards, the system can meet regulatory requirements, enhance interoperability, and
promote user confidence in the product's reliability and environmental sustainability.

3.6. Implantation plan/methodology

In the evaluation and selection of specifications and features for the temperature-based fan speed
control and monitoring project, several factors should be considered to ensure the effectiveness,
reliability, and user satisfaction of the system. Below are key aspects to consider:

1. Functional Requirements:

- Temperature Sensing Accuracy: Evaluate the accuracy of temperature sensors to ensure precise
measurement for effective fan speed control.
- Fan Speed Control Range: Determine the range of fan speeds required to accommodate varying
temperature conditions.
- User Interface: Assess the usability of the interface for easy monitoring and adjustment of fan
settings.
- Integration: Ensure seamless integration of components to facilitate smooth operation and
communication within the system.

2. Performance Requirements:

- Fan Speed Response Time: Define the desired response time for fan speed adjustments based on
temperature changes.
- Energy Efficiency: Evaluate the energy consumption of the system to ensure optimal efficiency
in fan operation.
- Reliability: Determine the reliability of components and control algorithms to minimize system
failures and malfunctions.

3. Regulatory Compliance:

- Safety Standards: Ensure compliance with relevant safety standards to mitigate risks associated
with electrical and fire hazards.
- Environmental Standards: Adhere to environmental regulations and directives concerning
energy efficiency and hazardous material usage.
- Communication Protocols: Ensure compatibility with standardized communication protocols to
promote interoperability and compatibility with other systems.

4. Cost Considerations:

- Component Cost: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of components to ensure the project remains
within budget constraints.
- Long-Term Costs: Consider factors such as maintenance and operational costs to assess the
overall cost of ownership.

5. User Requirements:
- User Preferences: Gather user feedback to understand preferences regarding fan speed control
and monitoring features.
- Ease of Use: Prioritize features that enhance user experience and simplify operation, such as
intuitive interfaces and automatic fan speed adjustments.

6. Scalability and Flexibility:

- Scalability: Consider the potential for system expansion or modification to accommodate future
needs or changes in application requirements.
- Flexibility: Ensure the system architecture and control algorithms allow for customization and
adaptation to different environments or use cases.

7. Quality and Maintenance:

- Component Quality: Select high-quality components to ensure the durability and longevity of
the system.
- Ease of Maintenance: Design the system for easy maintenance and troubleshooting to minimize
downtime and repair costs.

8. Testing and Validation:

- Prototype Testing: Conduct thorough testing of prototypes to validate performance and identify
any issues or areas for improvement.
- Validation Criteria: Define specific criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of the
system under various operating conditions.
Conclusion:

By carefully evaluating and selecting specifications and features based on these considerations, you
can ensure that the temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system meets the
requirements and expectations of stakeholders while remaining cost-effective and reliable. Regular
review and iteration throughout the development process will help refine the system design and
optimize its performance to deliver maximum value to end-users.

END OF THIS REPORT