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Lecture 9 DC Motors

The document discusses DC motors and generators. It compares their inputs, outputs, EMF calculations and how the armature shaft is powered. It also describes types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited series, shunt and compound motors. Methods for controlling DC motor speed are also presented.

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Mohamed Hosam
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35 views11 pages

Lecture 9 DC Motors

The document discusses DC motors and generators. It compares their inputs, outputs, EMF calculations and how the armature shaft is powered. It also describes types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited series, shunt and compound motors. Methods for controlling DC motor speed are also presented.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Hosam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine

Lecture 9
DC Motors ‫بـرنامج هـندسـة الـقوى واالالت الكـهربيـة‬
Third Year Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Mahmoud Gamal Hemeida


Assistant professor power and machines
Difference between DC Motor and DC Generator
• A dc motor is a machine powered by electricity to produce mechanical energy.
• A dc generator is a machine powered by mechanical energy to produce electricity.
• A dc motor and a dc generator are the two sides of the same coin. Why? Because you will
find most dc machines can be operated as a motor or generator as long as we determine
which energy supplies the motor.
Comparison between DC Motor and DC Generator
Motor Generator

Motor has dc current as an input and mechanical Generator has dc current as an output and
Input and Output
energy as an output. mechanical energy as an input.

EMF is generated around the coil and


EMF is used to energize the coil to rotate the
EMF (Electromotive Force) transmitted to the load or another section
armature.
of the circuit.

Generator has a generated EMF more than


Motor has a generated EMF less than the voltage
Generated EMF the voltage across the source terminal
across the source terminal (EMF<V).
(EMF>V).

EMF Calculation Eb = V – IaRa Eg = V + IaRa

Electric current is used to energize the armature Electric current is generated from the
Electric current
winding through the commutator. armature winding to the commutator.

The armature is supplied by an electrical current in The armature is rotated by a mechanical


Armature shaft
a magnetic field. energy in a magnetic field.
DC Motors

A dc motor is a machine powered by electricity to produce mechanical energy.


DC Motor is classified according to the methods of their field excitation.
Permanent magnet type DC Motor.
Separately excited DC Motors
Self-excited DC Motors (Series, shunt and compound)
Types of DC Motors
Beside permanent magnet type DC motors we have separately excited
type (a) and self excited types which consists of Series (b), shunt (c) and
compound (d).
Speed Control of DC Motors

Speed can be controlled by varying:

1) Armature circuit resistance using an external resistance RA Ext.


2) IF can be varied by using an external resistance R adj in series with RF to
control the flux, hence the speed.
3) The applied voltage to the armature circuit resistance, if the motor is
separately excited
Comparison of DC Motors Speed/torque characteristics
Comparison of DC Motors
Shunt Motors: “Constant speed” motor (speed regulation is very good).
Adjustable speed, medium starting torque. (Start = 1.4 × TFL)
Applications: centrifugal pump, machine tools, blowers fans, reciprocating
pumps, etc.
Series Motors: Variable speed motor which changes speed drastically from
one load condition to another. It has a high starting torque.
Applications: hoists, electric trains, conveyors, elevators, electric cars, etc.
Compound motors: Variable speed motors. It has a high starting torque and
the no-load speed is controllable unlike in series motors.
Applications: Rolling mills, sudden temporary loads, heavy
machine tools, punches, etc
Example 3 A 240 V, shunt DC motor takes an armature current of 20 A when
running at 960 rpm. The armature resistance is 0.2 Ω. Determine the no load
speed if the no load armature current is 1A.
Solution
Example 4 A 120 V shunt motor has the following parameters: Ra = 0.4 Ω, RF = 120 Ω and
rotational (core, mechanical and stray) losses are 240 W. On full load, the line current is 19.5
A and the motor runs at 1200 rpm, find:
• The developed power
• The output power, and
• The output torque.
Solution
Example 5: A DC series motor is operated at full load from a 240 V supply at a
speed of 600 rpm. The EC is found to be 217.2 V at a line current of 38 A, find:
a) The armature resistance assuming the series field resistance is 0.2 Ω.
b) Find the no-load speed given that the no-load current is 1 A.
Solution

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