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Lecture 8 DC Machines II

The document discusses different types of DC machines including separately excited, self-excited, shunt wound, and series wound generators. It provides equations for calculating voltage, current, power and other quantities for these machine types.

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Mohamed Hosam
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123 views15 pages

Lecture 8 DC Machines II

The document discusses different types of DC machines including separately excited, self-excited, shunt wound, and series wound generators. It provides equations for calculating voltage, current, power and other quantities for these machine types.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Hosam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine

Lecture 8
DC Machines ‫بـرنامج هـندسـة الـقوى واالالت الكـهربيـة‬

Third Year Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Mahmoud Gamal Hemeida


Assistant professor power and machines
Armature winding
• Wave Winding
Armature winding is divided into two parallel paths.

Lap Winding
Armature winding is divided into as many parallel paths as number of poles
of machine
DC Generator – EMF Equation

EMF induced in one conductor =

EMF induced in one parallel path =

Pφ – Flux cut by one conductor in one revolution


P – number of poles φ – useful flux per pole
60/N – Time for one revolution (N rotations in 60 seconds)
N – speed in rpm Z – total number of conductors
A – number of parallel paths in armature (2 for wave winding)
Kg, Km – machine constant
Example1: A 6 pole DC machine has an armature connected as a Wave
winding. The aramature has 48 slots with 4 conductors/slot. The armature is
rotating @ 600 rpm and the flux per pole is 30 mWb, calculate the induced
voltage.
Solution
Example2: A six-pole DC machine has a flux per pole of 30 mWb. The armature
has 536 conductors connected as a lap winding. The DC machine runs at 1050
rpm and it delivers a rated armature current of 225 A to a load connected to its
terminals, calculate:
A) Machine constant, Km
B) Generated voltage, EG
C) Conductor current
D) Electromagnetic torque.
E) Power delivered by the machine.
Solution
Types of DC Generators

DC Generator is classified according to the methods of their field excitation.

• Permanent magnet type DC generators.


• Separately excited DC Generators
• Self-excited DC Generators.
Permanent Magnet type DC Generator
• In this type of DC generator, there is no field winding is placed around the
poles.

• The field produced by the poles of these machines remains constant.

• Although these machines are very compact but are used


only in small sizes like dynamos in motorcycles, etc.

• The main disadvantage of these machines is that the flux produced by the
magnets deteriorates with the passage of time which changes the
characteristics of the machine.
Separately Excited DC Generator
• The field winding or coil is energized by a separate or external DC source.
• The flux produced by the poles
- depends upon the field current with the unsaturated region of magnetic
material of the poles (flux is directly proportional to the field current)
- in the saturated region, the flux remains constant.
Separately Excited DC Generator
• Here, Ia = IL where Ia is the armature current and IL is the line current.
Terminal voltage is given as

• If the contact brush drop is known, then the equation (1) is written as

• The power developed is given by the equation shown below.


Self Excited DC Generator
• Self-excited DC Generator is a device, in which the current to the field
winding is supplied by the generator itself.

• In self-excited DC generator, the field coils may be connected in parallel


with the armature or in series, or it may be connected partly in series and
partly in parallel with the armature windings.

• The self-excited DC Generator is further classified as


1. Shunt Wound Generator
2. Series Wound Generator
3. Compound Wound Generator
Shunt Wound Generator
• In a shunt wound generator, the field winding is connected across the
armature winding forming a parallel or shunt circuit. Therefore, full terminal
voltage is applied across it.
• A very small field current Ish, flows through it because this winding has many
turns of fine wire having very high resistance Rsh of the order of 100 ohms.
• Shunt field current is given as
Rsh is the shunt field winding resistance.
• The current field Ish is practically constant at all loads. Therefore, the DC shunt
machine is considered to be a constant flux machine.
• The Armature current is given as

• Terminal voltage is given by the equation shown below.

• If the brush contact drop is included, the equation of the terminal voltage
becomes
Series Wound Generator
• The field coils are connected in series with the armature winding.
• The series field winding carries the armature current.
• The series field winding consists of a few turns of thick wire having low resistance usually of
the order of less than 1 ohm because the armature current has a very large value.
• The flux developed by the series field winding is directly proportional to the current flowing
through it.
• But it is only true before magnetic saturation after the saturation flux becomes constant
even if the current flowing through it is increased.
• Series field current is given as

• Rse is known as the series field winding resistance.


Terminal voltage is given as

• If the brush contact drop is included, the terminal voltage equation is


written as

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