SUMMARY OF FORMULAS

Weight-volume Parameters
Interrelationships of
Mass) 2)- Volumetric Ratios 3) Specific Gravity Mass
Density Different Parameters
·

Ratio
Height Cor - -

specific gravity "Gm

H
=

Bulk Total Density

Void Ratio e : P
content) WF
·
Relationship Between "e" and "n
Water Content (moisture gravity of soil including water and solids

=
· Specific air, ,
-

=
formulas remember :

Emersoa
Other to

In &

Die son Fe
e e = n e

CHw
ys(1 + w)

:
Ms Gs Pw y =

18
= .

x
pj
W Vw wbs +
=
Mw S e w
=
1
p
= .

in
=

Mo
air i
Porosity in Relationship G and
·

, ·
bet e, w

-
-Ms .
.
,

W=
Ms
x100 % case 1 : S < 100 % Case 2: S =
100%

Go W =
o
2 S Gow =
2

Degree of Saturation "S Specific Gravity of solids "G and other parameters
-

excluding air and water Relationship between

Density
180
N 100 1 : S < 100 % Case 2 : S

Estow
case
=

s =
x
L

*
if sat :

%
100
Ot :
See ·
Pw Pat
:

Este .
Case 3 : S =
08 Case 4 : Submerged soil (PD)

Pa = Pw P Psat-or
=
=
t ·
Pu

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS

Phases of Sieve analysis

1) Calculation Phase (Much
better if naka table) 2) Graphing Phase :
·
postate = Dsize 3) Analysis Phase

2 Mass & Passing/ (Dio) 108 finer

See opening Massa Isa d cum
.
Calculations for Graphing oruseCaltech
Effective size >
-

th
if e
Retained · Finer

armingfrien isen
log (particle diameter
(retained) (Mirect Mires) (100 Mcox
e" ale
-
*
Stat -
log >
-
X (Sieve diameter)
y(giner)
then find X ,

Note : if the base of distance is from 1 then

Put the % before it
*
(coefficient ofGrrature)
base everything from 1
to find the part. dia .

Particle Size :

summary of Formulas For ASTM 151H

(Reading is frome) --
> Can be used at the
For ASTM 152H (Reading is large numbers
Retained #260

ee
Coarse :

stoke's Lawo V
Co .

034) 280 81
-
264 52R L =
16 29 -
0 .
165R
L
. .

: .

Fine : Passed #200

R =
Hydrometer Readiing
(a) 100

[0) (i) (R
/composite reading P =

#me G
P: -

Diamonter
-
D(mm) =
P=
Percentage
Passing

K
=on where :
= viscosityo

ATTERBERG LIMITS
LIQUID LIMIT
Shrinkage Limit
asagradIn
method
Point Method(using
&25 blows Fall
"One e 20 mm Penetration
·
·
Casagrande Liquid Limit come

Flow Index If Shrinkage Ratio

Flow Index I digit miniofVerminet
zaoi
.
. ,
N = # of Blows

= = Tod
W

Se--on e
If
H
iclopscales x1002

VI -

Vf = Mu
z

Shrinkage Index

·King staa
Plastic Limit Indices SE =
PL- SL

Indexis
varidityFree Consistency
Plastic Index
· Fall come method (Feng 2007) ,

(20)
M
PI =
LL-PL CT
y intercept form
=
for L =
2 where : C = -

Volumetric Shrinkage

C
for PL =
C (2)m m =
slope of the line VSq SR(w) SL)

(
=

Activity
make it
-

to
logarithmic

log(LL) =
log (2 20M)
.

LI < 1
heavily consolidated day
A
=
Linear Shrinkage

log4tlogozo (FIG)5]
& clay

log (2)
192 :
100
[ -

log(PL) log (c m) =
·

log(P) =logctlogcra

SOIL CLASSIFICATION
USDA: Sandi 2 -0 05 .

* if there are particles retained in sieve # 10 (2 0 mm) .

Silt : 0 05-0 002

. .

itsanagligtan a
Clay : < 0 002

or
.

AASHTO : Gravel : 15 mm
-

2 mm Group Index :

Sand : 2 mm 0 075 mm
(Fac 35) (0 2 (LL 40)] (F2o 15) (PI-10)
-

+ 0 005 0 01
.

+
61
-
-
-
= . .
.

Fines : <0 075mm

.

Silty PI < & if 6I is <0 e g negative

- 10:
·
.

,
set it to 0
-

Clayey : Pl > 11 % · Round GI to the nearest whole number

·Af - Ahas&F
=

old not exceed 20