Computer Science

CLASS-XII (Code No. 083)

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Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI
PART-3
2021-2022
Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2
Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI. REVIEW PART-3

● Lists: Definition, Creation of a list, Traversal of a list. Operations on a list

-concatenation, repetition, membership; functions/methods–len(), list(),

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append(), extend(), insert(), count(), index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(),
sort(),min(), max(), sum(); Lists Slicing; Nested lists; finding the maximum,
minimum, mean of numeric values stored in a list; linear search on list of
numbers and counting the frequency of elements in a list.

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List

List: It is mutable data type in Python. The content of List can be enclosed
inside a pair of square braces [].

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Examples of List Contents:
# List containing same type of data
A=[45,67,89] # All integers
B=[67.5,92.5,87.5,45.0] # All real numbers
C=['RED','YELLOW','GREEN']# All strings
# List containing different types of data
D=[12,"AMAR",3400.50] # int,string and float

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Assignment and Traversal

# List containing same type of data

A=[45,67,89,35,12]
print(A[0],A[3])

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print(A[len(A)-1])
print(A[0]+A[1],A[2]+A[3])
for I in A: 45 35
print(I,end="-") 12
print() 112 124
for C in range(len(A)): 45-67-89-35-12-
print(A[C],end="#") 45#67#89#35#12#

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Concatenation

A=[23,45] + Operator can be used to

B=[50,60,70] concatenate the two lists
C=A+B

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-,*.//,%,** are not supported to
print(C) perform operations on two lists
D=B+A
print(D)

[23, 45, 50, 60, 70]

[50, 60, 70, 23, 45]

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Concatenation

NML=['ANU','JAI'] + Operator can be used to

N=NML+['LEI'] concatenate the two lists
print(N)

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-,*.//,%,** are not supported to
M=['KEN']+N perform operations on two lists
print(M)
L=['TAN']+NML+['JEN']
print(L)
['ANU', 'JAI', 'LEI']
['KEN', 'ANU', 'JAI', 'LEI']
['TAN', 'ANU', 'JAI', 'JEN']

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Repetition

COL=['RED','BLUE'] * Operator can be used for repetition

of the content of the list
print(COL*2)
NUM=[1,2,3] or

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List*int int*List
print(3*NUM)
Will produce the same result

['RED', 'BLUE', 'RED', 'BLUE']

[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

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Concatenation

L=[]
for I in range(4):
To add new content (concatenation)
L+=[int(input(">>"))]

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in a list, it is a must to enclose it in a
print(L) pair of square braces.

>>23
>>45
>>56
>>87
[23, 45, 56, 87]

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Concatenation

L=[]
for I in range(4):
To add new content (concatenation)
S=input("Name:")

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in a list, it is must to enclose it in a
L+=[S] pair of square braces.
print(L)

Name:AMAR
Name:AKBAR
Name:ANTHONY
Name:ROMA
['AMAR', 'AKBAR', 'ANTHONY', 'ROMA']

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List Mutability

A=[23,45,67,78] Note: We can change the

print(A) content of an individual
A[0]=38;A[2]=65 element of the list.

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print(A)
for C in A:
C=C+2
print(C,end="*")
print()
print(A) [23, 45, 67, 78]
[38, 45, 65, 78]
40*47*67*80*
[38, 45, 65, 78]

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List Mutability
Note: We can change the
A=[23,45,67,78]
content of an individual
print(A)
element of the list.
A[0]=38;A[2]=65

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print(A)
for i in range(len(A)):
A[i]+=2
print(A[i],end="*")
print()
print(A) [23, 45, 67, 78]
[38, 45, 65, 78]
40*47*67*80*
[40, 47, 67, 80]

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List Membership

Stock=['A',25,32,'C'] Note: ‘in’ is a membership

Item =['A','B'] operator, it checks if the
Values=[25,32,61] required content is present in
the list or not

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for S in Stock:
if S in Item:
print(S,"is in Item")
if S in Values:
print(S,"is in Values")
else: A is in Item
print(S,"is not in Values") A is not in Values
25 is in Values
32 is in Values
C is not in Values

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List - Functions len(), list(), append()

A=(25,56,34) len() - finds the number of values in list

print(A,len(A)) list() - converts a collection to list
A=list(A) append() - adds a single value to list

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print(A,len(A))
A.append(25)
print(A,len(A))
A.append('END')
print(A,len(A))
(25, 56, 34) 3
[25, 56, 34] 3
[25, 56, 34, 25] 4
[25, 56, 34, 25, 'END'] 5

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List - Functions len(), list(), append()

A=[25,56,34] append() - adds a list also as a single value

print(A,len(A)) to another list
B=[45,29]

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print(A,len(A))
A.append(B)
print(A,len(A))
print(B,len(B))
[25, 56, 34] 3
for I in A:
[25, 56, 34] 3
if type(I)==list:
[25, 56, 34, [45, 29]] 4
print(I)
[45, 29] 2
else:
25*56*34*[45, 29]
print(I,end="*")

NOTE: type() - returns the data type of the content

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List - Functions type()

A=[34,"AM",[1,"PM"],['A','B','C'],4.3]
for I in A:
if type(I)==list: type() - returns the type of the data
print(I,end="*")

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elif type(I)==int:
print(I,end="@")
elif type(I)==float: ] *4.3#
print(I,end="#") ' , 'C'
B
[ ' A', '
elif type(I)==str:
' P M']*
print(I,end="&") A M & [1,
34@
else:
print(end=="$")

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List - Functions append() and extend()

append() adds its argument/parameter as a single element to the end of a list.

The length of the list itself will increase by one.

extend() iterates over its argument/parameter by adding each element to the

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list, extending the list. The length of the list will increase by as many elements
that were present in the iterable argument/parameter.

A=[] A=[]
A.append(32) # Correct A.append([32,45]) # Correct
A.extend(32) # TypeError A.extend([32,45]) # Correct

In the above example on the right side append() will add a single value
whereas extend() will extend the list by two elements

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List - Functions len(), list(), extend()

A=[25,56,34] extend() - iterates over its

print(A,len(A)) argument/parameter by adding each
B=[45,29] element to the list

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print(B,len(B))
A.extend(B)
print(A,len(A)) In this example if won't return True
for I in A:
if type(I)==list:
print(I) [25, 56, 34] 3
else: [45, 29] 2
print(I,end="*") [25, 56, 34, 45, 29] 5
25*56*34*45*29*

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List - Function insert()

A=[25,56,34] insert() - inserts the value (second parameter)

A.insert(1,45) at the index (first parameter)
print(A,len(A))

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A.insert(0,12)
The value is inserted at the end of the list if
print(A,len(A)) the index is much beyond the given length
A.insert(100,76) of the list
print(A,len(A))
[25, 45, 56, 34] 4
[12, 25, 45, 56, 34] 5
[12, 25, 45, 56, 34, 76] 6

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List - Function insert()

A=[25,56,34] insert() - inserts the value (second

A.insert(1,[39,91]) parameter) at an index (first parameter)
print(A,len(A))

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A.insert(0,[12,65])
print(A,len(A))
A.insert(100,[76])
print(A,len(A))

[25, [39, 91], 56, 34] 4

[[12, 65], 25, [39, 91], 56, 34] 5
[[12, 65], 25, [39, 91], 56, 34, [76]] 6

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List - Function count()

A=[23,56,89,56] count() - counts the value passed as a

print(A.count(56)) parameter from the list
print(A.count(23))

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print(A.count(65)) If the value doesn’t exist, then the
function returns 0
print(A.count('A'))

2
1
0
0

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List - Function index()

A=[23,56,89,56] index() - returns the index of the value

passed as a parameter from the list
print(A.index(23))
Raises ValueError exception if the value
print(A.index(89)) not found in the list

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print(A.index(56))
print(A.index(34))
0
2
1
---------
ValueError

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Quick Review - insert(), append(), extend()

append() extend() insert()

A function/method A function/method A function/method

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Adds a single Extends the list Inserts a new value
element (a with new values at a specified
value/list) at the from another list index. Inserts at
end at the end of at the end of the the end if the
the list list index specified is
out of range.

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List - Function remove() and pop()
remove() - deletes the value passed as
A=[23,56,89,56,76]
parameter. Raises ValueError if the value
A.remove(23)
not found
print(A)
pop() - deletes the value as per the index

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D=A.pop()
passed as a parameter and also returns the
print(A,D,"gone")
deleted value. Raises IndexError if the
E=A.pop(1)
index out of range of list
print(A,E,"gone")
F=A.pop(4) [56, 89, 56, 76]
print(A,F,"gone") [56, 89, 56] 76 gone
[56, 56] 89 gone
A.remove(203) --------
# will raise ValueError IndexError

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List - del

A=[34,56,78,32,62,91]
del A[3],A[0] del - it is a keyword used to delete an element
print(A) or multiple elements from a list. Raises

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IndexError if the index out of range of list
del A[0]
print(A)
del A[5]
[56, 78, 62, 91]
print(A) [78, 62, 91]
----------
IndexError

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Quick Review - remove(), pop(), del

remove() pop() del

A function/method A function/method A keyword

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deletes the value passed deletes the value as per deletes an element or
as parameter. the index passed as a multiple elements from
parameter and also a list.
Raises ValueError if returns the deleted
the value not found value. Raises IndexError if
Raises IndexError if the index out of range
the index out of range of list
of list

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List - reverse()

A=[23,76,54,34] reverse - a method to reverse the content

A.reverse() of a list irrespective of the data types of
print(A) values it contains

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B=["A","B","C","D"]
B.reverse()
print(B)
C=["A",100,"B",200]
C.reverse() [34, 54, 76, 23]
print(C) ['D', 'C', 'B', 'A']
[200, 'B', 100, 'A']

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List - min(),max(),sum() and sort()

A=[23,98,45,34,67] min(),max() - methods return the minimum

and the maximum values in the list
print(A) sum() - method returns the sum of values in the
print("Low:",min(A)) list. Supports only numeric values, raises

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print("High:",max(A)) TypeError if used with non-numeric values
sort() - arranges the homogeneous content in
print("Total:",sum(A))
order (ascending by default)
A.sort()
for I in A: [23, 98, 45, 34, 67]
print(I,end="#") Low: 23
High: 98
Total: 267
23#34#45#67#98#
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List - min(),max(),sum() and sort()

A=["A","Z","CA","M"] min(),max() - methods return the minimum

and the maximum values from the list
print(A) sum() - method returns the sum of values in the
print("Low:",min(A)) list. Supports only numeric values, raises

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print("High:",max(A)) TypeError if used with non-numeric values
sort() - arranges the homogeneous content in
A.sort() order (ascending by default)
for I in A:
print(I,end="#") ['A', 'Z', 'CA', 'M']
Low: A
print("Total:",sum(A))
High: Z
A#CA#M#Z#
-------
TypeError
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List - min(),max(),sum() and sort()

A=["Anu","Zen","Jak","Bob"]
print(A)
print("Low:",min(A))

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sort() - To sort in reverse order, we use
print("High:",max(A))
reverse=True
A.sort(reverse=True) as parameter with sort function
for I in A:
print(I,end="*") ['Anu', 'Zen', 'Jak', 'Bob']
print("\n",A) Low: Anu
High: Zen
Zen*Jak*Bob*Anu*
['Zen', 'Jak', 'Bob', 'Anu']
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List - min(),max(),sum() and sort()

A=["A",25,"CA",56]
print(A)
print("Low:",min(A)) min(),max(),sort() -

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print("High:",max(A)) methods require homogeneous
collection as content of list
A.sort()
Will raise TypeError for mixed
for I in A: data types
print(I,end="#")
print("Total:",sum(A)) ['A', 25', 'CA', 56]
-------
TypeError

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Logic for finding min and max values

A=[25,67,43,56,12] A=[25,67,43,56,12]
MIN=A[0] MIN=0
MAX=A[0] MAX=0

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L=len(A) L=len(A)
for I in range(1,L):
for I in range(1,L):
if MIN>A[I]:
MIN=A[I] if A[MIN]>A[I]:
if MAX<A[I]: MIN=I
MAX=A[I] if A[MAX]<A[I]:
print("MIN:",MIN,"MAX:",MAX) MAX=I
print("MIN:",A[MIN],"MAX:",A[MAX])
MIN: 12 MAX: 67

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List - slicing

A=[23,43,56,89,65,32]
[23, 43, 56, 89]
print(A[0:4])
[23, 43, 56, 89, 65, 32]
print(A[:6])

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[89, 65, 32]
print(A[3:])
[23, 56, 65]
print(A[::2])
[32, 65, 89, 56, 43, 23]
print(A[::-1])
[32, 89, 43]
print(A[::-2])
[23, 43, 56, 89, 65, 32]
print(A[::])
[]
print(A[4:1])
[89, 65, 32]
print(A[3::]

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Logic for finding a Value from a List

A=[56,23,12,78,98,43]
D=int(input("Data:")) Data:65
if D in A: Value: 65 Not Found
print("Value:",D,"Found!") 65 Not Found

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else:
print("Value:",D,"Not Found") Python way of searching
for I in A:
if I==D:
print(D,"Found") Traditional logic of Linear Search
break
else: Data:23
print(D,"Not Found") Value: 23 Found!
23 Found
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List -Nested lists
A=[34,56,[1,2],['A','B','C'],43]
for I in A: 34
print(I) 56

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for I in A: [1, 2]
['A', 'B', 'C']
if type(I)!=list:
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print(I,end="*") 34*56*[1, 2]
else: ['A', 'B', 'C']
print(I) 43*['A', 'B', 'C']
# printing content of index 3
print(A[3])

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List -Nested lists
A=[[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[5,6,7]]
for I in A:
print(I) [1, 2, 3]

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for I in A: [3, 4, 5]
for J in I: [5, 6, 7]
1-2-3-
print(J,end="-")
3-4-5-
print() 5-6-7-
for i in range(len(A)): [1]
print(A[i][0:i+1]) [3, 4]
[5, 6, 7]

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List -Nested lists
A=[[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[5,6,7]]
for I in A:
print(I)

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Inner LIST is also a mutable data
for i in range(len(A)): type. At any element change will
A[i][0]+=5 be reflected in the result
print(A)
for I in A: [1, 2, 3]
I[0]+=5;I[2]+=10 [3, 4, 5]
print(A) [5, 6, 7]
[[6, 2, 3], [8, 4, 5], [10, 6, 7]]
[[11, 2, 13], [13, 4, 15], [15, 6, 17]]

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List -Nested lists
L=[0,1,2,3,4]
for i in L:
i+=10 # int, float, str - immutable
print(i,end="* ")

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print(i," List ",L)
L=[[1,2,3],[3,4,5]]
for i in L:
i[0]+=10 # list - mutable i[0] <----> L[0][0]
print(i," List ",print(L)

10* 11* 12* 13* 14* 14 List [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

[13, 4, 5] List [[11, 2, 3], [13, 4, 5]]

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List -Nested lists
A=[[7,3],[2,1,4],[4,1,5],[8,4,6,1],[1,9]]
A.sort() #Sorting on First value of each
print(A)

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A[2].sort() #Sorting content of A[2] in the nested list
print(A[2])
print(A)

[[1, 9], [2, 1, 4], [4, 1, 5], [7, 3], [8, 4, 6, 1]]
[1, 4, 5]
[[1, 9], [2, 1, 4], [1, 4, 5], [7, 3], [8, 4, 6, 1]]

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List - To find frequency of values in a List

A=[1,2,1,4,3,2,4,5,1]
MIN=min(A) 1 Frequency 3
MAX=max(A) 2 Frequency 2
AVG=sum(A)/len(A)

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3 Frequency 1
for i in range(MIN,MAX+1): 4 Frequency 2
print(i,"Frequency",A.count(i)) 5 Frequency 1
for i in range(MIN,MAX+1): 1 ###
print(i,"#"*A.count(i)) 2 ##
print("Mean:",round(AVG,2)) 3 #
4 ##
5 #
Mean: 2.56

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List - To swap the first half of list with second

A=[11,22,33,44,55,66]
0 1 2 3 4 5
L=len(A)
for i in range(L//2): 11 22 33 44 55 66

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A[i],A[L//2+i]=A[L//2+i],A[i]
print(A)
for i in range(L):
if i==L//2:
print()
print(A[i],end='-') [44, 55, 66, 11, 22, 33]
44-55-66-
11-22-33-

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List - To swap the first half of list with second

A=[11,22,33,44,55,66]
L=len(A) Python Way
A[:L//2],A[L//2:]=A[L//2:],A[:L//2]

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print(A)
for i in range(L):
if i==L//2:
print()
print(A[i],end='-')
[44, 55, 66, 11, 22, 33]
44-55-66-
11-22-33-

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List - To swap the the alternate values

A=[11,22,33,44,55,66]
0 1 2 3 4 5
L=len(A)
print(A) 11 22 33 44 55 66

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for i in range(0,L,2):
A[i],A[i+1]=A[i+1],A[i]
print(A)
for i in range(0,L,2):
[11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66]
print(A[i],A[i+1],sep="#")
[22, 11, 44, 33, 66, 55]
22#11
44#33
66#55

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List - To accumulate sum of previous values

A=[11,22,33,44,55,66]
L=len(A)
print(A)

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for i in range(1,L):
A[i]+=A[i-1] [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66]
print(A) [11, 33, 66, 110, 165, 231]
for i in range(L): #11
#33
print(" "*i,A[i],sep="#")
#66
#110
#165
#231

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List - To find min of 1st half and max of 2nd

A=[1,4,8,3,7,2,5,9,0,5]
L=len(A)

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print("Min of",A[:L//2],"is",min(A[:L//2]))
print("Max of",A[L//2:],"is",max(A[L//2:]))

Min of [1, 4, 8, 3, 7] is 1
Max of [2, 5, 9, 0, 5] is 9

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List - To find sum of 1st half and avg of 2nd

A=[1,4,8,3,7,2,5,9,0,5]
L=len(A)

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H=len(A[L//2:])
print("Sum of",A[0:L//2],"is",sum(A[0:L//2]))
print("Avg of",A[L//2:],"is",sum(A[L//2:])/H)

Sum of [1, 4, 8, 3, 7] is 23
Avg of [2, 5, 9, 0, 5] is 4.2

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 Happy Learning…

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Thank you!
Department of Computer Science

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