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    Experiment II - TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

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    This document outlines an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of a transistor in a common-emitter configuration using various circuit components. Key steps include connecting circuits to obtain input characteristics by varying input voltage and measuring current and voltage, and output characteristics by varying output voltage and measuring current for different fixed input currents. Data is then analyzed by plotting characteristic curves and calculating input and output resistances.

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    Experiment II - TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

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    vowjr20
    20 views6 pages
    This document outlines an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of a transistor in a common-emitter configuration using various circuit components. Key steps include connecting circuits to obtain input characteristics by varying input voltage and measuring current and voltage, and output characteristics by varying output voltage and measuring current for different fixed input currents. Data is then analyzed by plotting characteristic curves and calculating input and output resistances.

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    Experiment II_ TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

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    This document outlines an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of a transistor in a common-emitter configuration using various circuit components. Key steps include connecting circuits to obtain input characteristics by varying input voltage and measuring current and voltage, and output characteristics by varying output voltage and measuring current for different fixed input currents. Data is then analyzed by plotting characteristic curves and calculating input and output resistances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views6 pages

    Experiment II - TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

    Uploaded by

    vowjr20
    This document outlines an experiment to study the input and output characteristics of a transistor in a common-emitter configuration using various circuit components. Key steps include connecting circuits to obtain input characteristics by varying input voltage and measuring current and voltage, and output characteristics by varying output voltage and measuring current for different fixed input currents. Data is then analyzed by plotting characteristic curves and calculating input and output resistances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Page 1 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    Experiment II: TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS.


    Aim:
    1. To study the input and output characteristics of a transistor in a Common-Emitter
    configuration.
    Apparatus:
    Transistor BC 107 (identify the provided transistor), Resistors (1KΩ, 100KΩ), Breadboard, Dual
    DC Power Supply, Digital Ammeters (0-200mA, 0-200µA), 2 Digital Voltmeters, connecting
    wires.

    Key theory:
    Transistors are crucial semiconductor devices with a multitude of functions, including switching,
    amplifying, detecting, and signal modulation. Acting as switches or gates for electric signals,
    they are typically composed of three layers of semiconductor materials, mostly made of silicon
    or germanium. These versatile components find applications in both digital and analogue
    functions, such as amplifiers, switches, voltage stabilizers, and oscillators.
    There are two main types of transistors: NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) and PNP
    (Positive-Negative-Positive) Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), each suited for specific circuit
    applications due to the different modes of operation and current polarities.
    Transistor characteristics are essential in representing the relationship between electric current
    and electric voltage in a circuit. The three main types of characteristic curves are Input, Output,
    and Current Transfer Characteristics. For this practical session, we will focus on the Input and
    Output characteristics.
    Transistor configurations, based on these characteristics, come in three types: Common-Emitter,
    Common-Base, and Common-Collector (emitter follower), each exhibiting distinct characteristic
    curves.
    In the Common-Emitter configuration, the Emitter serves as a common terminal for both input
    and output, functioning as an inverting amplifier circuit. Key parameters for this configuration
    include the input voltage (VBE), input current (IB), output voltage (VCE), and output current (IC),
    where the Emitter current is the sum of the base current and collector current (IE = IC + IB).
    Page 2 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    Set up and procedure:

    Note: Have the circuits inspected before powering on.


    Page 3 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    Input Characteristics:

    1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

    2. Keep output voltage VCE = 0V by varying VCC.

    4. Initially vary VBB in steps of 0.1V. Varying VBB gradually, note down base current IB and
    base-emitter voltage VBE. Once the current starts increasing vary VBB in steps of 1V up to 12V.

    5. Repeat the above procedure (step 3) for VCE = 5V.

    Output Characteristics:

    1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

    2. Keep emitter current IB = 0 µA by varying VBB.

    3. Varying VCC gradually in steps of 1V up to 18V and note down collector current IC and
    Collector-Emitter Voltage(VCE).

    4. Repeat the above procedure (step 3) for IB = 20µA, 40µA, and 60µA.

    Results:
    Group members
    # Name: Reg. no:
    Page 4 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    NOTE: The table formats below are only for illustration purposes only. Ensure you collect
    the right amount of data as per the instructions.

    Input Characteristics.
    VCE = 0 V VCE =2 V VCE = 5V
    VBB (Volts) VBE (Volts) IB (µA) VBE (Volts) IB (µA) VBE (Volts) IB (µA)
    0
    0.7
    1
    2
    3
    4

    Output Characteristics

    VCC(Vol IB = 0µA IB = 20µA IB = 40µA IB = 60µA


    ts)
    VCE IC (mA) VCE IC (mA) VCE IC (mA) VCE IC (mA)
    (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)

    4
    Page 5 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    Data and analysis:


    1. Plot the input characteristics by taking ΔVBE on X-axis and IB on Y-axis at a constant
    VCE as a constant parameter

    2. Plot the output characteristics by taking VCE on X-axis and taking IC on Y-axis taking
    IB as a constant parameter.

    Calculations:

    1. Input Characteristics: To obtain input resistance find ΔVBE and ΔIB for a constant VCE on
    one of the input characteristics.

    Input impedance Ri = ΔVBE / Δ IB (VCE is constant)

    2. Output Characteristics: To obtain output resistance find Δ IC and Δ VCB at a constant IB.

    Output admittance Ro = ΔIC / ΔVCE (IB is constant)


    Page 6 of 6 SPH : Analog Electronics Lab Manual

    3. On your output characteristics graph, identify the following:

    ● The active region of the transistor.


    ● Saturation region of the transistor.
    ● Cut-off region of the transistor.

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