Leica Infinity

Training materials -
Advanced GNSS Processing

Version 1.0
English
Introduction
This is a step-by-step tutorial in which you learn how to import GNSS raw data, process baselines,
analyse and improve your final results.

Multi-constellation (GPS, Glonass, Beidou, Galileo) static raw data has been acquired with the GS16
and GS15 receiver at 1 Hz sampling rate. The two receivers were placed on the field with 3 m inter-
distance.

The functionality discussed in this guide requires the GNSS Processing license.

The data from the following folders will be used in this tutorial:
 RINEX contains all GNSS raw data
 CoordinateSystem\ contains the coordinate system and the geoid files.

Table of Contents
1. Import data ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. View imported data ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Create control point ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Process baselines ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Results analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
6. Ephemeris download .................................................................................................................................................. 11
7. Correct antenna height ............................................................................................................................................. 13
8. Reprocessing and final results analysis ............................................................................................................... 14
9. Store final Result .......................................................................................................................................................... 18

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

1. Import data
1.1 Start Infinity and create a new project.
Choose Home tab in the ribbon bar and
select Import.

1.2 In the Import dialog navigate to directory

RINEX, select all RINEX files and click
Import.

Use Control+All or Shift to select

all files.

1.3 To import the coordinate system, select

Import from the ribbon bar and in the
Import dialog navigate to directory
CoordinateSystem, select file
TRFSET.DAT and then Import.

Assign the imported Coordinate System to

the project by clicking on the combo box
on the right side of the Status bar,
then select UTM32N.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

2. View imported data
2.1 In the data Inspector choose the GNSS
tab.

If the GNSS Intervals view is not

available, you can display it by
selecting the toggle button in the
top right corner of the Inspector.

2.2 Click on the arrow on the right side of

the interval to open/close the satellite
view.

Click on the icon to show/hide the

satellites elevation.
Click on the icon to show/hide the
strength of the signal .
Move up and down the vertical bar
in the middle of the Inspector to
visualize all satellites.

2.3 Visualize the point by selecting the View

tab.
Select the point to get
information on the Property Grid
on the right.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

3. Create control point
3.1 Select the GS16 in the Inspector GNSS
Intervals view to display its Properties. In
the Property Grid Change Point Role from
Navigated to Control Point by clicking on
the button .

After that you create the Control

Point, the Position Source icon
will change from (Navigated) to
(Control).

3.2 Change GS16 WGS84 Position Output

from Geodetic to Cartesian

To edit Cartesian coordinates for

interval it is required to create a
control point and select the
WGS84 Cartesians output in the
property grid

If you cannot visualize the

coordinates in Cartesian format,
go to FileInfo & Settings
Coordinates & Units. Make sure
that WGS84 Cartesian in
Coordinate Display is flagged.

3.3 Type the following known coordinates for

point GS16:
X: 4263866.5258 m
Y: 722615.3636 m
Z: 4672983.7514 m

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

3.4 Save the changes selecting Apply in the
Property Grid.

4. Process baselines
4.1 Go to FileInfo & SettingsData
Processing and in the GNSS Tab make
sure that the use of GPS, Glonass, Beidou,
Galileo is enabled.

4.2 In the Processing Tab select the button

Data from the ribbon bar.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

4.3 Change the Sampling Rate to 60 sec and
select OK.

From the same window it is

possible to define other Data
settings, such as Cut-Off Angle,
Satellite to use/exclude,
Ephemeris Type and Antenna
Calibration Set.

4.4 In the GNSS Intervals view highlight GS16

and select Set Reference from the
Processing Ribbon Bar, then highlight
GS15 and select Set Rover.

4.5 Select Process from the Processing

Ribbon bar tab.

As soon as the processing is

complete, the GNSS Processing
Results page opens automatically
in the GNSS tab of the Inspector.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

 Results Name can be modified by
selecting the result and typing a
new name (e.g. First Processing
Results) in the Property Grid on
the right. Then select Apply.

5. Results analysis
5.1 Click the button that is on the right side of
the Name column in the GNSS tab of the
Inspector, to drill in the results.

If the Result Analysis Viewer is not

available, you can display it by
selecting the toggle button in the
top right corner of the Inspector.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

5.2 Select the results, then in the GNSS
Results Property Grid, click on the button
Show Satellite System used/available .

In contrast with the expected results,

Galileo Satellites (available in the
observations of both reference and
Rover receiver) have not been used
in the processing.

Select Close, to close the

information table.

5.3 In the GNSS Results Property Grid, click on

the button to show the GNSS
Processing Messages.

A warning message informs that

Galileo orbits are not available in
the application. Actually, at the
beginning of this tutorial you did
not import Galileo navigation
message (*.16l). You only
imported ephemeris for:
- GPS (*.16n),
- Glonass (*.16g)
- Beidou (*.16f)

Move to Session 6 to learn how

to easily fix this warning using the
Internet Download Tool.

Select Close to close the

Processing Message fly-out.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

5.4 In the GNSS Results Property Grid check
the estimated baseline length displayed in
Slop Dist of Baseline table.

Computed baseline is 3.610 m

instead of 3 m (known value
measured on the field). The
reason is a wrong antenna height
for receiver GS16.
Move to Chapter 7 to learn how
to correct the antenna height.

6. Ephemeris download
6.1 From the Intervals view of the GNSS
Inspector, highlight GS16 and then select
the Download button in the Processing
Ribbon bar to open the GNSS Download
Manager.

6.2 In the GNSS Manager select the

Download button.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

 A new tab dedicated to the
download Settings opens on the
right side of the Property Grid.

Start/End date is automatically

available from the data imported
in the project; in this case no
changes are needed.

6.3 Initiate the download by clicking on the

Start button.

Keep the download of Precise

Ephemeris enabled even if it is
not strictly necessary to complete
the Tutorial. You may try to
process with precise ephemeris
yourself.

Availability can comfortably be

checked by clicking the hyperlink
on the file name.
The green Progress bar informs
that data have been downloaded
and imported into the project.
comXXXXX.sp3 files contain
precise orbits for all satellites and
all constellations.
brdmXXXX.16p file contains
broadcast ephemeris for all
satellites and all constellations.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

7. Correct antenna height
7.1 Highlight the GS16 in the Inspector GNSS
Intervals view and in the Property Grid
select the button Edit Antenna Height .

7.2 Edit the Height Reading from 2.000 m to

0.000 m and then select OK to close the
fly out.

7.3 Select Apply to save the changes

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

8. Reprocessing and final results analysis
8.1 Process the data and drill in into the new
results.

8.2 In the Result Analysis Viewer check the

final processing output. The expected
GNSS results have been achieved.
Slope Distance is 3 m.

All constellations and frequencies

have been used in the final
results:
- GPS L1, L2, L5
- Glonass L1, L2
- Beidou B1, B2
- Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, E5ab.
8.3 In the Inspector GNSS Processing results,
Navigate the buttons on the top of the
Result Analysis Viewer to get more
detailed information about Tracking
Status, Satellite position, Observation
Statistics, Ambiguity Statistics, Residuals
Plot.

Use the mouse wheel to zoom

in/out on each plot to get more
details.

8.4 Select Residual and switch between

Single Differences, Double Differences,
and Triple Differences to visualize the
plots.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

 Residuals plots are applicable for
Code and Phase observations, all
frequencies are available.

 In the specific dataset phase

residuals presents low dispersion
and no jumps, suggesting a good
quality of the raw data and a
good reliability of the achieved
results.

8.5 Select Frequency Coverage from the

Ambiguity button in the GNSS Results
Analysis view.

 The chart shows the % of epochs

with fixed ambiguities over the
total number of epochs for each
Frequency of each constellation.

 It is possible to note that almost

half of the total Beidou
observations are not fixed (both
B1 and B2 frequency).
8.6 Open the GNSS Processing Result report
by highlighting the results and selecting
the button Report in the Processing
ribbon bar, then select Detail from the
list.

8.7 In the GNSS Processing Report move to

the session Signals Tracked

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

 Pay attention to satellite C05: Infinity
rejects observations from the processing
what explains why tracking status is
greyed out.

8.8 In session Cycle Slip

 Pay attention to the high number

of cycle slips and RIA (Re-
Initialised Ambiguity: the cycle slip
could not be fixed and the
ambiguity search was re-initialised
afterwards) related to satellite
C05.

 From the above consideration it is

possible to assume that Satellite
C05 is the cause of low % of fixed
ambiguities for the Beidou
constellation. Follow the next step
to have the final proof of this
assumption.

Close the GNSS Processing Report.

8.9 In the Processing Tab select the button
Data from the ribbon bar. Change the
status of Used Satellites from Use All to
Manual Selection.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

8.10 Select the Edit pencil and disable the
use of Satellite C05 from the Beidou
constellation.
Process the data again.

8.11 Open the Ambiguity Plot for Frequency

Coverage in the GNSS tab of the
Inspector.

 Now Beidou ambiguities are

100% fixed.
 Compare the coordinates you get
in this step (C05 disabled) with
the coordinates you got in the
previous step (C05 enabled). They
are the same!

In most of the cases, you get the best

results using the Default Processing
Settings through which Infinity
automatically rejects low quality data from
the final results computation. However,
there are special cases and exceptions in
which it is required to “tune” your
processing by acting on the parameters
available in Data, Settings and Advanced
in the GNSS Processing Ribbon.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

9. Store final Result
9.1 Store the Results by highlighting the
results and selecting the button Store in
the Processing ribbon bar.

Results can also be stored from

the results list in GNSS tab. In this
case all contained processed
baselines will be stored.

You can also store the results

opening the context menu with a
right click with the mouse over
the results and by selecting Store.

9.2 After storing, the baseline is added in the

Navigator within the Processed Baselines
list. Visualize the baseline by moving to
the View tab.

Leica Infinity, Advanced GNSS Processing

 Original text
Published in Switzerland
© 2017 Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland

Leica Geosystems AG
Heinrich-Wild-Strasse
CH-9435 Heerbrugg
Switzerland
Phone +41 71 727 31 31
www.leica-geosystems.com