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8 views

Math

Uploaded by

mile601
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Why is there usually a tight connection between logic and mathematics?

Reason: Throughout the course of the class, we have covered logic on multiple
occasions, including in the sections on Modus Ponus, Mathematical Reasoning and
Judgment, Euclid's Theorem, Russell's Set, and Paradox. These lessons mostly center
on logic, but they also include multiple mathematically-illustrated examples.

To give an example, here is the mathematical proposition exercise that we covered in


class:
P: a × b=o.
Q: a=0 or b=0.
Suppose a × b=o, but that a=0 or b=0 is not true. We get that a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0, which
implies a × b ≠ 0. Contradiction. Therefore, P ⊃ Q holds. Suppose a = 0 or b = 0 but a
× b ≠ 0. Then, both a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0. Contradiction. Therefore, Q ⊃ P.

As we can see from the example, logic is deeper than we initially thought.
Nevertheless, mathematics is used to demonstrate and validate this. My goal in
developing this topic is to gain a deeper understanding of the intimate connection that
exists between logic and mathematics.

The importance of the topic:


To begin with, why this topic is important and need to be emphasized on?
For a very long period, logic and math have occasionally been associated. For
example, people frequently discuss that to be good at math, you have to be a very
logical person. Otherwise, you must be bad at mathematics. This implies that logic is
important to mathematics and vice versa.

Therefore, what is the relationship between mathematics and logic?


Mathematics and logic are sister disciplines because logic is a very general theory of
reasoning and inference, and reasoning and inference are very important in
mathematics because mathematicians prove theorems through the application of
logical principles and logical inferences. (Dennis Bonnay, 2016)

Take another simple example that we discussed in class relating to finding


counterexample as the following:

After returning from Ho Chi Minh City for a shopping trip, A said: “The cheap things
are not good”. B replied that “the expensive things are not really good, like the big
meal in the Money Restaurant is expensive and not good.”

Analysis: “All cheap things are not good” can be refuted by “some cheap things are
good”. B’s reply is not a counterexample for A’s statement. It didn’t refute the
statement “all cheap things are not good”. It only makes another statement here.

As mentioned above, negation of “All cheap things are not good” is not “the
expensive things are not really good” but “some cheap things are good. In our daily
life, logic also play important role for us to convey our thoughts in a sensible way.
.

We can demonstrate this logical statement not only use daily sentences but also
mathematics:
For instance, the negation of the statement: “x is a real number such that x =4.” is “x
is a real number such that x =! 4”

As a result, logic is the basis of reasoning, and reasoning is how we accomplish math,
as was previously discussed in class. Furthermore, logical theorems can be proved
and illustrated using mathematics.

Reflections:

https://serious-science.org/logic-and-mathematics-7243
Topic 2: What is logic and is it what makes human special?

Reason:

We can infer from the lessons learned in class that logic is typically employed in
reasoning to support claims and provide solutions to mathematical and philosophical
puzzles. We typically utilize logic to determine what is true or false as well as the
reasoning behind a statement. We utilize logic in class to solve any mathematical
problem and validate any theorem. We apply logic directly in this way, but what is
logic exactly? This issue will be covered in the topic that follows.

The importance of the topic:


Reasoning is a cognitive process that humans engage in on a daily basis. Making
propositions, such as " if it rains, I should stay at home," is one example.
Consequently, this is the reason logic is so crucial and what is it is also matters.

“There is an antiquated but still commonly accepted belief that our capacity for
reason is what sets humans apart from other animals and makes us unique. What
makes anything rational? It's a difficult topic, but one way to answer it is this: we
demonstrate our rationality by using reasoning in our daily lives, such as when we
make assertions and provide evidence to support them, act on our views, draw
conclusions from the data at hand, and so forth.
This thinking exercise can be completed correctly or erroneously, skillfully or poorly.
The discipline of logic seeks to differentiate between sound and flawed thinking.

In logic, we examine the principles and methods that enable us to differentiate


between sound and flawed reasoning.

There are multiple approaches to the logical endeavor because there are different
ways to evaluate different types of reasoning and diverse perspectives on what
makes accurate reasoning. We discuss logic, but we also discuss logics. A logic is
basically a system of guidelines and methods for identifying sound reasoning from
flawed thinking. A logic needs to define clear criteria for judging reasoning and create
procedures for using those criteria in specific situations.”(Matthew Knachel, 2020)

In short, logic is a way of defining right or wrong thinking, what is true and what is
false.
This is what we have discussed in the very first days of the class, by that I mean in the
mathematical propositions. Take the following as an example:
5+5=10

We know this statement is true so it is a proposition. However, is not a statement


𝑥 + 1 = 2, 𝑥 ∈ ℕ. because we do not know what is x so we do not know if x+1=2.
Because we do not if it is true or false, it is not proposition.

Therefore, to prove and answer if something is right or wrong, we apply logic.

Another example is the statement: if I it rains, I do not go outside. Therefore, I go


outside means that it does not rain. To make such reasoning, it also includes logic.

Everyday, we make hundreds of these statement, that requires logic and that is why it
is important for human-being.

https://press.rebus.community/intro-to-phil-logic/chapter/chapter-1/

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