Project Report on

SMART DUSTBIN FOR HOUSEHOLD USING INTERNET OF

THINGS (IOT)

By
Esther Rai (19IT102014)
Twinkle Kumari (19IT102023)
Pelwang Dorji (19IT102026)

In the partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree in

Bachelor of Computer Application
(Batch 2019-2022)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Abhimanyu Sharma

Lecturer
School of Information Technology
SRM University Sikkim

SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SRM UNIVERSITY SIKKIM
TADONG, GANGTOK, EAST SIKKIM – 737102
 PROJECT COMPLETTON CERTIFTCATE

*
-.-i ls to certiff that Ms. Esther Rai, l!ts. Twinkle Kumari and 1$r. Pelwang Dorji

:€rnng Registration No. 19IT102014, 19IT102023 and 19ITt02026 respectively of

:;:ciol of Information Technology, SRM University Sikkim has worked under my
i.:penision and guidance from February 2022 ta ily'ray 2A22 and has successfully
;,:mpleted the project entitled
osmart Dustbin for l{ousehold using IOT* in partial

...rlt'ilment of the requirements for the arvard of Bachelor of Computer Applieation.

tu
\1r. Abhimanyu Sharma
Lecturer

Schocl of Information TechnologY

SRM University Sikkim

fi
 DECLARATION

-,:--r". i+clare that the work recorded in this project repcrt entitled "Smart
fr-rr Household using IOT' in partial fulfilment for the requirements far the
-;e:ree in Bachelor of Computer Application from SRM University Sikkim,

', .:,'uL and bonafide work carried out under the supen'ision and guidance ot'1Hr.

Sharma from February 2rJ72to May 2022.

Th re5lltts of this i:rvestigation reported in this prcject have so far not beea reported
fu ry der Degree / Diploma or other technical tbrum.

Tbe essistaftce aad help received during the course of the investigation have been duly
tledged.

Ro}
EstrEr Rai {1slT1o2ol4) BIh!'\
rurinkre Kumari {1errr020 B}$ltfi&fi, ftilr*l'{i
.-' :i n.ang Dorji { 1 91Tl 020:6i

tv
 C ERTTFICATE OF ACCEPTA}{CE

,:trr, that \Is. Esther Rai, *1s. Trryinkle Kumari and h{r. Felw*ng l}*rji

, *Smart Dustbin fsr llsusehokl using

- : - - i. ed IOT' under the supe*,isi*n *f
1' \hhimanr.u sharma, Lecturer, schocl of Information Technol*gy. sRM
- .-: :, Srkkim The pr*ject was carried *ut from February 2S?2 to May ?Cltt.

-. ::,tect is hereb-r accepted by the Sr:hool *f infonnati*n Technslcgy, SRM

- ::-.it\ Srkkim" in partial luifilment ol the requirements for the ar.l.ard of Degree in
- oi Computer Application.
- - ;. r.r-

-,r Om Prakash Sharma

1U1J

S;hoal of Inf*rmaticn Technol*gy

-i R ir'I Unir.ersi*. Sikkim

lndia

iii
 BOITiAFTDE CERTTFICATE

, :::r:l-,, that this project report entitled uoSmart Dusthin for Househcld
tr( nT- -' ,ne bonatied rvork of 11'ts. Erther Raio Ms. Twinkle Kumari and SIr.
[],-,111 neanng Registraiion No. 19IT102014, 19IT102023 and 19IT1S2026
t ho camed out this proj*ct under my superv-isian.

" , rither certit. that the rlork referred herein does not form a part of any
' : - I - ---i Lrr dissertation tbr x&ich a degree Llr alvart has been conlbrred *n allv

--' - -:-.= :ctilre

I ----
=4-f
.

- --/
- ::akash Sharma GIIlDf,
. . TT
LI Ir{r. Abhiman3'i-r Sharma

OF IT Lecturer

lsundar Rajan S.

FACULTY OF IT & MANAGEMENT

l--\

aJ' ) /'

E,L{1{TJ{ER
W
EXTERNALEXAMIITER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To list who all have helped us is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth
is so enormous.

We would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels in the

completion of this project. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We take this opportunity to thank SRM University, Sikkim who provided the necessary
facilities, guidance and gave us the chance to do this project.

We would like to thank our Head of Department, Dr. Om Prakash Sharma who gave
us an opportunity to do this project on the topic "Smart Dustbin for Household using
Internet of Things", which helped us to learn many new things.

We take this opportunity to thank our Project Coordinator, Mr. Nawang Lama,
Assistant Professor for his valuable guidance, support and constant supervision in
completion of this project.

We would also like to express our sincere gratitude towards our project guide, Mr.
Abhimanyu Sharma, whose guidance and care made the project successful.

We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to all the faculties of School
of Information Technology, SRM University for giving us such attention and time.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our colleagues who have been helping us in
developing the project.

Thanking You,

1. Esther Rai (19IT102014)

2. Twinkle Kumari (19IT102023)
3. Pelwang Dorji (19IT102026)
 ABSTRACT

In the present world, appropriate disposal of waste is a must. It is getting difficult day
by day to lead a healthy and sustainable life. Everyone is engrossed so much into their
work that they do not realize that if the dustbins are not emptied on time, unhygienic
and unpleasant smell causes several dangerous infections and human illnesses spread.
This creates the spread of garbage which in turn creates unhealthy conditions.

In order to reduce the waste and maintain good hygiene, we need a systematic approach
to tackle the problem. To avoid the spill over of the garbage and to improve the
cleanliness at home, Smart Dustbin for Household is designed. Smart Dustbin is a
normal bin to dispose the waste where integration of some hardware components is
done for more efficient use. This project IoT based Smart Dustbin for Household is a
very innovative system which will help to monitor the trash collected in the dustbin.
This system monitors and informs about the level of garbage collected in the garbage
bins. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the level of garbage collected in the bins.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Acknowledgement vi
Abstract vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables x

Chapter 1 1-3
Introduction
1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
1.2 Importance of IOT
1.3 IoT Platform Concepts
1.4 Smart Dustbin for Household using Internet of Things

Chapter 2 4-9
Literature Review & Problem Statement
2.1 Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT
2.2 Smart Garbage Management System for a Sustainable Urban Life
2.3 Garbage Management using Internet of Things
2.4 Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT
2.5 Problem Definition
2.6 Objectives
2.7 Proposed System
2.8 Expected Outcome

Chapter 3 10-14
Methodology
3 Methodology
3.1 Block Diagram
3.2 Flow Diagram
3.3 Sequence Diagram
3.4 Data Flow Diagram

Chapter 4 15-23
System Requirement
4.1 Hardware Requirements
4.2 Software Requirements
4.3 Program ESP32 with Arduino IDE
Chapter 5 24
Results and Discussion
5.1 Result

Chapter 6 25
Conclusion
6 Conclusion
6.1 Future Scopes

Appendix 27-29
A. Circuit Diagram
B. Output

References 30
 List of Figures

Figure 1: Internet of Things…………………………………………………………..2

Figure 2: Block Diagram…………………………………………………………......11
Figure 3: Flow Diagram………………………………………………………...........12
Figure 4: Sequence Diagram…………………………………………………………13
Figure 5: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram…………………………………………….….14
Figure 6: Level 1 Data Flow Diagram………………………………………………..14
Figure 7: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor………………………………………..……....16
Figure 8: Working of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor……………………………..…....16
Figure 9: ESP32…………………………………………………………………..….17
Figure 10: Jumper Wires………………………………………………………..........19
Figure 11: Buzzer………………………………………………………………….....20
Figure 12: Breadboard……………………………………………………………......20
Figure 13: Arduino IDE………………………………………………………….......21
Figure 14: Step 1…………………………………………………………..................22
Figure 15: Board Manager …………………………………………………………..22
Figure 16: Step 2……………………………………………………..........................23
Figure 17: Search for ESP32…………………………………………………............23
Figure 18: Index...………………………………………………................................26
Figure 19: Connection Diagram of ESP32 with Ultrasonic Sensor……………….....27
Figure 20: Connection Diagram of ESP32 with buzzer…………………………..….27
Figure 21: Connection Diagram……………………………………………………...28
Figure 22: Result…………………………………………………..............................28
Figure 23: Result…………………………………………………..............................29

List of Tables

Table 1: Summarized Literature Review ………………………….………………....4

Table 2: Pin Number and Function of Ultrasonic sensor…………………………….15
Table 3: Gantt Chart ………………………….………………...................................26
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

To ensure a healthy and sustainable development, appropriate disposal of waste is a

must. The open dumping and picking of waste within open dumpsites lead to serious
health risks like skin infections and chronic diseases. The Internet of Things (IoT)
describes the network of physical objects “things” that are embedded with sensors,
software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data
with other devices and systems over the internet.

In this project, we are going to propose a system for the immediate cleaning of the
dustbins. To maintain the level of cleanliness, it is very important to clean all the
dustbins as they get filled. We will use the ultrasonic sensor which will alert that the
level of garbage has reached its maximum level. After this the bins should be emptied
as soon as possible. In the current situation, it is common to observe rubbish bins or
dust bins overflowing due to the daily growth in waste. These overflowing can create
an unpleasant smell and produce an unsanitary atmosphere. This promotes the spread
of germs and viruses that can cause a variety of diseases. As the world's population
grows day by day, the disposing of dustbins must be done to ensure clean and hygienic
for our better lives.

1.1 Internet of Things (IOT)

The Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any device to the Internet and to
other connected devices. The IoT is a giant network of connected things and people –
all of which collect and share data about the way they are used and about the
environment around them. IoT makes a “dumb" devices "smarter" by giving them the
ability to send data over the internet, allowing the device to communicate with people
and other IoT-enabled things.

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems,
such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on
data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they
collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent

1
to the cloud to be analysed or analysed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate
with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The
devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact
with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the
data. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-
enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also
make use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data
collecting processes easier and more dynamic.

Figure: 1: Internet of Things

1.2 Importance of IOT

The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete
control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is
essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their
systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of
machines to supply chain and logistics operations. IoT enables companies to automate
processes and reduce labour costs. It also cuts down on waste and improves service
delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods, as well as offering
transparency into customer transactions. As such, IoT is one of the most important
technologies of everyday life, and it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses
realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive.

2
1.3 IoT Platform Concepts

The Internet of Things (IoT) strives to connect devices remotely for seamless
functioning and ease of operations. An IoT platform bridges the gap between device
sensors and data networks. It provides an insight into the data used in the backend
application. An IoT platform is a set of components that allows developers to spread
out the applications, remotely collect data, secure connectivity, and execute sensor
management. An IoT platform manages the connectivity of the devices and allows
developers to build new mobile software applications. It facilitates the collection of
data from devices and enables business transformation. It connects different
components, ensuring an uninterrupted flow of communication between the devices.

The IoT platform helps in understanding the customer’s need better and facilitate the
creation of products that fulfil their requirements. It provides organizations with greater
intelligence and visibility into operations, which enables better decision-making.

1.4 Smart Dustbin for Household using Internet of Things

The spill over of waste generates the polluted condition leading to various illnesses.
The overflowed garbage bins are creating an obnoxious smell and making an
unhygienic environment. This is leading to the rapid growth of bacteria and viruses
which are causing different types of diseases.
The IoT based Smart Dustbin for Household is a project detect the level of dustbins.
The fundamental purpose of a Smart Dustbin for Household is to clean and keep to
avoid the dustbin spill over which causes discomfort. This project IoT based Smart
Dustbin for Household is a very innovative system which will help to clean the trash
collected in the dustbin. The smart garbage bins have Ultrasonic Sensors placed on the
lid which detects the garbage level in the bins.

3
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Table 1: Summarized Literature Review

SL.NO TITLE OF THE JOURNAL & REVIEW RESEARCH

PAPER PUBLISHED GAP
& DATE
AUTHOR

1 Smart Garbage SSRN Electronic, This research paper The truck is called
Monitoring System February 2021 proposes an IoT every time the
Using IOT based smart system garbage bin is full
based on clean waste which can happen
Authors: management that several times a
assesses the level of day making the
Dr. Ihtiram Raza waste on dustbins process time
Khan through sensory consuming and
systems. In this resource
Mehtab Alam system the inefficient.
microcontroller is
Anuj Razdan used as a visual
connector connecting
the sensor and the IoT
system.

2 Smart Garbage ScienceDirect, June This system consists The system

Management System 2020 of an identification discussed in this
for a Sustainable system, an automated report is
Urban Life: An IoT lid system, a display extortionate and
Based Application system, and a revolves around
communication human
Authors: system. intervention in the
functioning where
Minhaz Uddin Sohag there is clear lack
in automation
Amit Kumer Podder without human
intervention

4
3 Garbage Management International This system uses the Uses GSM which
using Internet of conference on smart dustbin in is relatively old
Things. Electronics, which a GSM board (can use GPRS
Communication a sends messages by
Authors: nd Aerospace detecting the level of
Technology garbage using an IR
Mrs. Pallavi Nehete (ICECA), sensor. Water sensor
is used to detect the
Dhanshri Jangam March 2018 wet garbage.

Nandini Barne

Prajakta Bhoite

Shalaka Jadhav

4 Garbage Monitoring International This system makes It suffers from the

System Using IOT Journal of Pure and use of a same drawbacks
Applied microcontroller, LCD of being time
Authors: Mathematics, screen, and Zigbee consuming and
methodology for resource
Ashima Bajaj November 12, 2017 sending data. inefficient as
Ultrasonic sensors technology used is
Sumanth Reddy are used to detect the not practical with
level of garbage output and time
collected in the bins. parameters i.e., a
The LCD screen is garbage truck
used to display the should only come
level of garbage in a periodical
collected in the bins. manner.

5
2.1 Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT

Authors: Dr. Ihtiram Raza Khan

Mehtab Alam
Anuj Razdan

Journal & Published Date: SSRN Electronic, February 2021

Abstract
This research paper proposes an IoT based smart system based on clean waste
management that assesses the level of waste on dustbins through sensory systems. In
this system the microcontroller is used as a visual connector connecting the sensor and
the IoT system.

Research Gap
The truck is called every time the garbage bin is full which can happen several times a
day making the process time consuming and resource inefficient.

2.2 Smart Garbage Management System for a Sustainable Urban Life: An IoT
Based Application

Authors: Minhaz Uddin Sohag

Amit Kumer Podder

Journal & Published Date: ScienceDirect, June 2020

Abstract
This system consists of an identification system, an automated lid system, a display
system, and a communication system. Arduino Uno is used as a microcontroller to
synchronize all of the four systems. Sensors are used for identification and measuring
the garbage level. The system provides the facility of continuous monitoring of the
status of waste inside the garbage bin and shows the percentage filled up on liquid
crystal display (LCD). The communication system uses a global system for mobile

6
communications (GSM) module that will inform the corresponding authority to collect
the waste when the garbage bin is filled up

Research Gap

The system discussed in this report is extortionate and revolves around human
intervention in the functioning where there is clear lack in automation without human
intervention.

2.3 Garbage Management using Internet of Things

Authors: Mrs. Pallavi Nehete

Dhanshri Jangam
Nandini Barne
Prajakta Bhoite
Shalaka Jadhav

Journal & Published Date: International conference on Electronics, Communication

and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), March 2018.

Abstract
This system uses the smart dustbin in which a GSM board sends messages by detecting
the level of garbage using an IR sensor. Water sensor is used to detect the wet garbage.

Research Gap
Uses GSM which is relatively old (can use GPRS).

2.4 Garbage Monitoring System Using IOT

Authors: Ashima Bajaj

Sumanth Reddy

7
Journal & Published Date: International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,
November 12, 2017
Abstract
This system makes use of a microcontroller, LCD screen, and Zigbee methodology for
sending data. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the level of garbage collected in the
bins. The LCD screen is used to display the level of garbage collected in the bins. It
uses microcontroller using Zigbee methodology for collecting garbage from particular
area whose garbage bins are overflowing.

Research Gap
It suffers from the same drawbacks of being time consuming and resource inefficient
as technology used is not practical with output and time parameters i.e., a garbage truck
should only come in a periodical manner.

8
PROBLEM STATEMENTS AND OBJECTIVES

2.5 Problem Statement

The traditional way of manually monitoring waste in the waste bin is a burdensome
process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost and it can be avoided with the
proposed system.

The working-class people are so engrossed in their work that they do not get time to
monitor the trashes that gets accumulated in the bin which leads to the spread of various
kinds of diseases.

This paper proposes a system which alters the user via a buzzer that the bin is full and
need to be emptied and the user can detect the level of garbage in the bin via a blynk
app.

2.6 Objectives

The main objectives of this project are as follows:

• To detect the level of garbage in the bin.

• To notify the user via a buzzer to alert that the dustbin is filled up.

2.7 Proposed System

• This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage
collected in the garbage bins.

• To create a proper hygienic environment for the household to avoid various

diseases.

2.8 Expected Outcome

The expected output of this project will be notifying the user with an alert via a buzzer
and the user can monitor the level of garbage via blynk app .

9
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Methodology

After reviewing various existing garbage monitoring system, this smart dustbin for
household was proposed. A system uses the ESP32 and ultrasonic sensor. This Smart
Dustbin for Household using IoT uses the ESP32 and ultrasonic sensor to monitor the
level of the garbage in dustbin.

The Smart Dustbin for household has been developed using the following sensor and
equipment:

1. ESP32 Microcontroller: The ESP32 is a set of microcontroller chips that may

be used to communicate with other systems and offer Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
capability.
2. Breadboard: To build and test circuits.
3. Connecting Wires: To connect sensors to breadboards.
4. Buzzer: used for alert .

3.1 Block Diagram

A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are
represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. A
block diagram is used to represent a control system in diagram form.

10
 Figure 2: Block Diagram

In the above Figure 2 shows a block diagram that covers the general flow of the system.
An ultrasonic sensor was used to detect distance and height on a trashcan, and an ESP32
was utilised to programme the uploading of a code for Wi-Fi connectivity. The data
obtained from the ESP32 is displayed on the serial monitor of Arduino IDE.

3.2 Flow Diagram

A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process. It is a type of diagram that

represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic
representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. The flowchart
shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with
arrows.

11
 Figure 3: Flow Diagram

In the above Figure 3 shows a flow diagram in which the system monitors the garbage
bin and informs about the level of the garbage collected in the trash bin.

3.3 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram represents object collaboration and is used to define event

sequences between objects for a certain outcome. It is an essential component used in
processes related to analysis, design and documentation

12
 Figure 4: Sequence Diagram

3.4 Data Flow Diagram

A data-flow diagram is a way of representing a flow of data through a process or a

system. It utilizes characterized images like square shapes, circles, and bolts, in addition
to short text marks, to show information inputs, yields, capacity focuses and the courses
between every objective. It portrays the interface between the other components and is
shown with arrows, typically labeled with a short data name.

A DFD model uses a number of notations to represent flow of data:

1. External Entity
2. Data Flow
3. Process
4. Data store

13
Figure 5: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 6: Level 1 Data Flow Diagram

14
 Chapter 4

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

Hardware Requirements

We will need the following hardware to accomplish our project.

1. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
2. ESP 32
3. Jumper Wires
4. Buzzer
5. Breadboard
6. Dustbin

4.1 Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

The Ultrasonic Sensor is a device that uses ultrasonic sound waves to determine the
distance to the garbage. It has a transducer that helps in the transmission and reception
of ultrasonic pulses dependent on the closeness of the item. It detects items as well as
trash stuff. HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic sensor which is used for measuring the distance
between the top of the lid to the top of the garbage.

Table 2: Pin Number and Function of Ultrasonic sensor

PIN NUMBER PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically with

1 VCC
+5V.

2 Trigger Trigger pin is an Input pin.

3 Echo Echo pin is an Output pin.

This pin is connected to the Ground of the

4 GND
system.

15
 Figure 7: Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

Figure 8: Working of Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object. Here’s how it
works:
• The ultrasound transmitter (trig pin) emits a high-frequency sound (40 kHz).
• The sound travels through the air. If it finds an object, it bounces back to the
module.
• The ultrasound receiver (echo pin) receives the reflected sound (echo).

4.2 ESP32

ESP32 is created by Espressif Systems with a series of SoC (System on a Chip) and
modules which are low cost with low power consumption. The ESP32 is a set of
microcontroller chips that may be used to communicate with other systems and offer

16
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability. ESP32 chip ESP32-D0WDQ6 is based on a Tensilica
Xtensa LX6 dual core microprocessor with an operating frequency of up to 240 MHz.

The small ESP32 package has a high level of integrations such as:
• Antenna switches
• Balun to control RF
• Power amplifier
• Low noise reception amplifier
• Filters and power management modules

Figure 9: ESP32

Functional blocks of ESP32:

• Wireless Connectivity:
The ESP32 SoC (System on a Chip) chip has Wi-Fi connectivity, being
compatible with 802.11 b / g / n in the 2.4GHz band, reaching speeds of up to
150 Mbits/s. It also includes Bluetooth communication compatible
with Bluetooth v4.2 and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
The radio block is closely tied to the wireless communication modules that
transmits and receives the information. It takes the digital data from the Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth modules and converts them into electromagnetic signals that
travel through the air to communicate with mobile phone or router. It also
performs the reverse operation: translate the electromagnetic waves generated
by other devices into digital data that the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules are
capable of interpreting.

17
• Core
ESP32 has dual core low-power Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX6 microprocessors.
It has an ultra-low-power co-processor that is used to perform analog-digital
conversions and other operations while the device is operating in deep
sleep low-power mode. In this way, a very low consumption by the SoC is
achieved.
Processors offer great advantages of a digital signal processor:
a. Operating frequency: 240 MHz (executes instructions 15 times faster
than an Arduino UNO board)
b. It allows performing operations with real numbers (numbers with
commas) very efficiently.
c. Allows multiplying large numbers instantly.

• Memory
In most of the microcontrollers based on Arduino, there are three types of
memories:
a. Program memory: to store the sketch.
b. SRAM memory: to store the variables that is used in the code.
c. EEPROM memory: to store variables that does not lose their value even
when the device is turned off.

• Encryption hardware accelerators

One of the most important factors in any system is security. That is why
the ESP32 has algorithm accelerators aimed at encryption:
a. AES (FIPS PUB 197)
b. SHA (FIPS PUB 180-4)
c. RSA
d. ETC
These accelerators allow increasing the speed of operation and reducing the
complexity of the software allowing encryption and dynamic decryption. In this
way, the system is protected from possible hacking attacks that seek to obtain
the stored code.

18
 • Digital pins
The ESP32 has a total of 34 digital pins. These pins are similar to Arduino
digital pins which allow adding LED display, OLED display, sensors, buttons,
buzzers, etc. to our projects.
Most of these pins support the use of internal pull-up, pull-down, and high
impedance status as well. This makes them ideal for connecting buttons and
matrix keyboards, as well as for applying LED control techniques

4.3 Jumper Wires

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them
to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are
typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy
to change a circuit as needed.

Figure 10: Jumper wires

4.4 Buzzer
This is a small buzzer for the Sensor Shield. It creates a different sound based on the different
frequency of I/O toggling.
Bring oscillation source
Work Voltage: 3.3(ESP 32) -5V(Arduino)
Set bolt hole,
easy to assemble
PCB Dimension: 3.3cm*1.3cm
Pin Definition:

19
Vcc: 3.3-5v
GND: The Ground
I/O: I/O Interface of SCM

Figure 11: Buzzer

4.5 Breadboard
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. Most
electronic components in electronic circuits can be interconnected by inserting their
leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections through wires where
appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal underneath the board and connects the
holes on the top of the board. A breadboard allows for easy and quick creation of
temporary electronic circuits or to carry out experiments with circuit design.
Breadboards enable developers to easily connect components or wires thanks to the
rows and columns of internally connected spring clips underneath the perforated plastic
enclosure.

Figure 12: Breadboard

20
4.2 Software implementation

The software required is the Arduino IDE.

4.2.1 Arduino IDE

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to
the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in
Java and based on Processing and other open-source software. This software can be
used with any Arduino board. The Arduino development environment contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions, and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to
upload programs and communicate with them. Software written using Arduino are
called sketches. These Sketches are written in the text editor. Sketches are saved with
the file extension.ino. It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing
text. The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays
errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including
complete error messages and other information. The bottom right-hand corner of the
window displays the current board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to
verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial
monitor.

Figure 13: Arduino IDE

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Blynk App

Blynk is a platform that allows to quickly build interfaces for controlling and
monitoring the hardware projects from iOS and Android device. After downloading the
Blynk app, we can create a project dashboard and arrange buttons, sliders, graphs, and
other widgets onto the screen.
There are three major components in the platform:

▪ Blynk App - allows to create amazing interfaces for projects using various
widgets we provide.
▪ Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smart
phone and hardware.
▪ Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable
communication with the server and process all the incoming and out coming
commands.

4.2.2 Program ESP32 with Arduino IDE

• To program the ESP32 board with Arduino IDE, install Arduino IDE
• To upload code to the ESP32 using Arduino IDE, connect the ESP32 board to the
computer using data cable.
• To upload code to the ESP32 using Arduino IDE, check the following settings:

❖ Step 1: Go to File> Preferences

Figure 14: Step 1

Now copy the below link and paste it into the “Additional Board Manager URLs”
field as shown in the figure below.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-
pages/package_esp32_index.json

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 Figure 15: Additional Board Manager URLs

❖ Step 2: Go to Tools > Board > Boards Manager

Figure 16: Step 2

• In Board Manager, search for ESP32 and install the “ESP32 by Espressif
Systems “.

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Figure 17: Search for ESP32

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 CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Through this project, we gained a knowledge about IoT and how the physical objects
with sensors, processor and other technologies connects and exchanges data with other
devices and systems over the internet. The majority of individuals are preoccupied with
their jobs and have little spare time. As a result, individuals frequently neglect to
dispose of garbage. The main objective of the Smart Dustbin for household System
using IoT is to reduce the usage of the resources and efforts to manually monitor the
dustbin. Improper disposal and storage of household waste creates problems for health
and leads to various kinds of disease. This system is developed using ultrasonic sensor
as distance measuring sensor, and a buzzer to alerts the users that the dustbin if full.

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

The proposed system “Smart Dustbin for Household using IOT” provides the smart
solution regarding overflowing of garbage. The majority of people are from the working
class and have a busy schedule every day. Due to which they do not get enough time to
throw the garbage. So, this IoT based Dustbin helps the people to monitor the waste
and help them to get rid of it on time. It helps in maintaining the cleanliness level and
makes a healthier environment to live. There won’t be any kind of diseases and the
people will be fit and not prone to diseases caused by these waste materials.
IoT based Smart Dustbin for Household is an emerging technology that is utilized for
monitoring the garbage. The application of technology and its sophisticated service in
every sector has made our life quite easy.

6.1 Future Scope

To enhance it further, an automated system can be developed which will be able to

monitor the garbage level more precisely, pick up waste, segregate them and put them
in respective bins. There can be many enhancements done for this which can be a
revolutionary change in maintaining the cleanliness level and a healthy environment.
The few enhancements can be done are: The implementation of more collective bins
placed side by side where it automatically detects the type and waste and places in the
correct bin colour which is assigned for that type. The further work on this project can
be done by adding more dynamicity into it.

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 Gantt chart

Table 3: Gantt chart

TASK DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

Planning

Research

Design

Implementation

Follow up/

Documentation

27
APPENDIX

A. Connection Diagram

A connection diagram represents the target information for each connection point of an
object. It makes use of diagram symbols instead of pictures to show components.

In the below diagrams shows a Connection diagram in which the Ultrasonic sensor is
connected with the ESP32. The VCC and the GND pin of ultrasonic sensor is connected
to the VCC and GND pin of the ESP32.

Figure 19: Connection Diagram of ESP32 with Ultrasonic Sensor

Figure 20: Connection Diagram of ESP32 with buzzer

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 Figure 21: Connection Diagram

B. Output

Figure 22: Output

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Figure 23: Output

30
REFERENCES

[1] Dr. Ihtiram Raza Khan, Mehtab Alam and Anuj Razdan “Smart Garbage Monitoring
System Using IOT”, SSRN Electronic February 2021.
[2] Minhaz Uddin Sohag and Amit Kumer Podder “Smart Garbage Management
System for a Sustainable Urban Life: An IoT Based Application”, Science Direct
June 2020.
[3]. Murugaanandam. S, Ganapathy. V and Balaji. R, Efficient IOT Based Smart Bin
for Clean Environment, International Conference on Communication and Signal
Processing, April 3-5, 2018, India.
[4] Mrs. Pallavi Nehete, Dhanshri Jangam, Nandini Borne, Prajakta Bhoite and Shalaka
Jadhav “Garbage Management using Internet of Things”, International conference on
Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) March 2018
[5] Anitha A “Garbage Monitoring System using (IOT)”, IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering 2017.
[6] https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v9i7s/G10210597S20.pdf,march
[7] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8524230,april 2022.
[8] https://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2017/january-17/IJIREEICE%2015.pdf,april

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