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    CHE-F418 - Lecture Slides - Module-6

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    ADITYA CHAKRANI
    The document discusses distributed parameter models which account for spatial variations in state variables like temperature, pressure and concentration. It covers mass, energy and momentum balance equations for 1D, 2D and 3D systems. Example problems on mass transfer with diffusion, heat diffusion in a packed bed reactor and heat conduction through a fin are presented.

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    CHE-F418 - Lecture Slides - Module-6

    Uploaded by

    ADITYA CHAKRANI
    9 views37 pages
    The document discusses distributed parameter models which account for spatial variations in state variables like temperature, pressure and concentration. It covers mass, energy and momentum balance equations for 1D, 2D and 3D systems. Example problems on mass transfer with diffusion, heat diffusion in a packed bed reactor and heat conduction through a fin are presented.

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    CHE-F418_Lecture Slides_Module-6

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    The document discusses distributed parameter models which account for spatial variations in state variables like temperature, pressure and concentration. It covers mass, energy and momentum balance equations for 1D, 2D and 3D systems. Example problems on mass transfer with diffusion, heat diffusion in a packed bed reactor and heat conduction through a fin are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views37 pages

    CHE-F418 - Lecture Slides - Module-6

    Uploaded by

    ADITYA CHAKRANI
    The document discusses distributed parameter models which account for spatial variations in state variables like temperature, pressure and concentration. It covers mass, energy and momentum balance equations for 1D, 2D and 3D systems. Example problems on mass transfer with diffusion, heat diffusion in a packed bed reactor and heat conduction through a fin are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    Modeling & Simulation in Chemical Engineering

    (CHE-F418)

    Dr. Jay Pandey


    BITS Pilani Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering
    Pilani Campus
    Module 6: Modeling of Transport Processes
    (Fluid flow, heat transfer & mass-transfer with & without
    reaction)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Distributed-Parameter Model
    Distributed parameter systems vary continuously from one point to another, and the system state variables
    vary in space and in time. The mathematical description of a distributed system includes partial differential
    equations.

    “Microscopic balances in distributed parameter systems”

    “Control-volume (Δx.Δ.yΔz)”

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Summary_Fundamental Modeling
    Lumped-parameter models Distributed-parameter models

     Model is homogeneous and consistent  Model is heterogeneous and inconsistent


    throughout entire CV. throughout entire CV.
     Independent variables: only time & 0-D  Independent variables: time & space (1-D to 3-D)

    Applications:
    Reacting systems (CSTR, Batch reactors) Applications:
    • Reacting systems (PFR)
    • Mass transport (diffusion)
    • Fluid dynamics (momentum transport)
    Mass and energy balance of • Energy transport (heat transfer)
    lumped systems forms set of
    ODEs
    Mass and energy balance of
    distributed systems forms set
    of PDEs

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Lumped Vs Distributed Model

    “Set of ODE equations” “Set of PDE equations”

    Lumped Model Distributed Model


    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
    Lumped Vs Distributed Model
     Lumped Model: No spatial (x, y, z) variation in temperature, pressure and
    concentration. only variation is with time.
    (e.g. reaction engineering problems, ODE in nature)

    or
    “The states (T, P, concentration) in lumped parameter systems are concentrated
    in single point and are not spatially distributed”

     Distributed Model: Both time and spatial variation in flows/states (Temp,


    pressure and conc.)
    (e.g. fluid flow, mass and heat transport, PDE in nature)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Distributed-Parameter Model Development

     1-D model development (mass & energy balance & momentum


    Balance, both steady & unsteady state model)

     2-D model development (mass & energy balance & momentum


    balance)

     3-D model development (mass & energy balance & momentum


    balance)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    3D-Model Equations: Distributed Parameter Model

    “Mass Balance Equation”

    “Energy Balance Equation”

    “Momentum Balance Equation”

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Mass Balance
    1. Total continuity equation applies the law of conservation of mass to the total mass of the system.
    2. Component continuity equation applies the law of conservation of mass to an individual component.

    Overall mass-balance (Total Continuity equation)

    Component mass-balance (Component Continuity Equation)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Total Continuity Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Total Continuity Equation

    For incompressible fluid, constant density,


    steady state flow

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Component Continuity Equation
    1. Mass continuity equation (mass units)
    2. Molar continuity equation (molar units)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Component Continuity Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Component Continuity Equation
    1. Mass continuity equation (mass units)
    2. Molar continuity equation (molar units)
    (Diffusive & convective terms)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Component Continuity Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Summary_Conservation of Mass (Diffusion Equation)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Equation of Change: Cylindrical Systems
    Total Continuity Equation  Radial-change in state
     Axial-change in state
     Angular-change in state

    Component Continuity Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Mass Transfer with Diffusion

    Assumptions:

    Diffusion with chemical reaction inside a slab catalyst

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Mass Transfer with Diffusion

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: PFR (Diffusion with reaction)

    (Dirichlet BC)
    (Neumann BC)

    (Convection, diffusion & Reaction)

    Note: Dirichlet BCs assume the solution to the variable. In Neumann BCs, a solution is assumed for the derivative of the variable.

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    PFR (Diffusion with reaction)

    Assumption 1: The convective term is much larger than diffusive term (since no catalyst bed)

    (RA= -kCA )

    (performance equation of a PFR)

    Assumption 2: The convective term is negligible compared to diffusive term (for a catalytic bed)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Energy Balance

    Total “energy flux” is the sum of heat flux and bulk flux,

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Energy Balance

    Input

    output

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Energy Balance

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Summary_Conservation of Energy

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Equation of Change: Cylindrical Systems
    Energy Balance Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Heat Diffusion in a Packed Bed
    Reactor

    Chemical reactor with packed bed of catalyst

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Heat Diffusion in a Packed Bed
    Reactor

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Heat Conduction Through a Fin

    Assumptions:
    1. Steady state condition
    2. No convective heat flow
    2. If the radius of the rod is very small compared to rod length so
    the radial temperature gradient is neglected

    BC 1: at z=0, T = TH
    BC 2: at z= L, dT/dz = 0
    or at z=L, T= Ta

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Heat Conduction Through a Fin

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Momentum Balance
    Consider a fluid flowing with a velocity v t( , x y, , z). The flow is assumed laminar. The momentum
    is transferred through convection (bulk flow) and by molecular transfer (velocity gradient)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Momentum Balance
    convection (bulk flow)

    molecular transfer (velocity gradient)

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Momentum Balance

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Summary_Model Equations: Distributed Parameter
    Model

    “Mass Balance Equation”

    “Energy Balance Equation”

    “Momentum Balance Equation”

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Equation of Change: Cylindrical Systems
    Momentum Balance Equation

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Problem Statement: Fluid Flow Through Pipe

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


    Fluid Flow Through Pipe

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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