Analysis and Design of Bridges-Slab Bridge

Analysis and Design of
Slab Bridges
Dr. Suresh R Dash

IIT Bhubaneswar
Training Program on:

SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN & ENGINEERING (CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL)
January 22 - 25, 2024, School of Infrastructure IIT Bhubaneswar
Analysis of bridge superstructure
For Live Load
 Considering critical  Types of Deck slabs encountered:
location of load with  Cantilever slab
dispersion width  One-way slab (when L/B < 2)
distribution  Two-way slab (when L/B > 2)
 Moving load analysis to (Here, B and L are short and long spans respectively)
create Influence Line
Diagram
 Grillage analysis
For Live Load
 Considering critical
location of load with
dispersion width
distribution
Distributed wheel load

= W / (beff leff)
For Live Load
Dispersion width
(Case I: Simply supported Deck Slab)
x
For Live Load
Dispersion width
(Case II: Cantilever Deck Slab)
For Live Load
Dispersion width
(Case III: Two-Way Deck Slab)
Distributed wheel load

= W / (u v)
 BM is calculated using:
 Rankine – Grashoff theory
o Assumption: For two-way slab, load shared in
each direction cause same deflection at center
 Westergaard theory (ACI)
 Pigeaud’s theory
(Simplified coefficient based, m1,m2)
It is widely used in India in the form of charts
For Live Load
 BM is calculated using:
Dispersion width  Pigeaud’s theory
(Case III: Two-Way Deck Slab) (Simplified coefficient based, m1,m2)
It is widely used in India in the form of charts
 Applicable for:
 Rectangular slabs supported on four sides with restrained corners
 The slab is loaded symmetrically
 Curves initially developed for thin plates using elastic flexural theory; later extended for concrete
slabs considering Poisson's ratio of 0.15
 To read these curves:

 u/B
 v/L
 K
(Here, u and v are the dispersion widths of load
in short span (B) and long span (L) and k is the
ratio of short span to long span, B/L)
For Live Load
Grillage Analysis
(widely used for girder bridges)

For Live Load
Grillage Analysis
(widely used for girder bridges)

For Live Load
Grillage Analysis
 2D model
 Structural behaviour is linear
elastic
 Beam members are laid out in
a grid pattern in single plane,
rigidly connected at nodes
 Longitudinal members
represent composite sections
(i.e., main girders with
associated slab)
 Transverse members
represent the slab only, or
composite section where
transverse steel beams are
present
Example: Bridge Deck
analysis for Live Load
SLAB BRIDGE
11
Example
For the given R.C. slab culvert data, calculate the design bending moment and shear force
for the live load considering 2 lanes of Class A wheeled vehicle.
Gross width of bridge = 12.0 m

Width of Railing = 0.3m
Width of Footpath = 1.0m
Materials: = Concrete M25, Steel Fe415
Clear span = 5.0 m
Height of vent = 3.0 m
Wearing course = 60 mm thick asphaltic concrete
Total slab thickness = 600 mm
Width of bearing = 400 mm
Impact factor = 25%
F.O.S for Live Load = 1.5
12
Example
Solution
Clear span = 5 m
Gross width of bridge = 12m
Slab thickness = 600mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 60mm
Width of bearing = 400mm
Effective length (L) of bridge = min of (5+0.4, 5+0.6) = 5.4m
13
Example
Solution
Loading diagram
14
Example
Solution
Effective dispersion width: (beff)
beff = k . x . (1- (x/L) + bw
K depends on B/L. B/L=12/5.4=2.22, As B/L ratio is more than 2, hence k = 3
As from the figure 2. for getting maximum bending moment, loading to be at the center of
the span. Hence, x = 2.7m
15
Example
Solution
bw = 0.5 + 2*0.06
(Dispersion width of wheel base at the bottom of wearing course) = bw = 0.62m
beff = (3 x 2.7) x (1- (2.7/5.4)) + 0.62 = 4.67 m(for one wheel)

Side available space for dispersion = 1.7m
beff / 2 = 4.67/2 = 2.335m > 1.7m
Hence effective width of dispersion for both Vehicles on the span:

beff = 1.7+1.8+0.5+1.2+0.5+1.8+2.335 =9.835 m
16
Example
Solution
Length of load dispersion along span
Leff = 1.2 + (2 x 0.66) + (0.25 ) = 2.77 m
17
Example
Solution
Design live loads and bending moment calculation
Intensity of loading including impact load (from Live Load)

W= (4x114x1.25)/(2.77x9.835) = 20.93 kN/m2
Design live load = 1.5 x 20.93 = 31.38 kN/m2
Considering an unit strip along major span of the slab:

The design live load = 31.38 x 1m = 31.38 kN/m
And the live load UDL is to be considered as at the center of the span for a length of 2.77m.
(As shown in figure -2.)
Therefore the maximum bending moment:

M = (31.38 x 2.77 x 0.5 x (5.4/2)) - (31.38 x 2.77/2 x 2.77/4) = 87.25 kNm
Hence, the design bending moment for which the slab to be designed is: 87.25 kN.m
18
Example
Solution
Calculation for Design Shear Force
Load position for maximum Shear force in slab.
19
Example
Solution
Effective length of dispersion for maximum shear force in longitudinal direction

Leff = 2.77 m (Same as calculated above)
Effective width of dispersion of wheel load (One wheel)

beff = k . x . (1- (x/L) + bw
K = 3 (Same as calculated above).

x= 2.77/2 = 1.385 m
Therefore, beff = 3 x 1.385 x (1-(1.385/5.4)) + 0.62 = 3.71 m (For one wheel)

beff/2= 3.71/2 = 1.85 m < Available side space ( = 1.7m)
Hence, total effective width of both the vehicles:

beff = 1.7+1.8+(0.5+1.2+0.5)+1.8+3.71/2 = 9.4416 m
20
Example
Solution
Total live load pressure on slab:

W = (4 x 114 x 1.25)/(2.77 x 9.4416) = 21.79 kN/m2
Design live load pressure = 21.79 x 1.5 = 32.69 kN/m2
Considering an unit strip, the UDL over the slab = 32.69 x 1m = 32.69 kN/m
Maximum shear force occurs, when load cross the support as shown in Fig.4
Maximum Design shear force = (32.69 x 2.77) x (5.4-(0.5 x 2.77))/5.4 = 67.326 kN
Therefore the slab is to be designed for Design Shear force = 67.326 kN.
21
References
IRC-6-2017 : Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section –II, Loads
and Load Combinations (Seventh Revision)
Design of Bridges Book , N. Krishna Raju, Oxford & IBH Publishing
Essentials of bridge engineering, Victor, D.J.,Oxford & IBH Publishing
Bridge Engineering, Ponnuswamy, S.,Tata Mcgraw Hill
22
THANK YOU
23

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Analysis and Design of

Dr. Suresh R Dash

Training Program on:

Distributed wheel load

Distributed wheel load

 To read these curves:

(widely used for girder bridges)

(widely used for girder bridges)

Gross width of bridge = 12.0 m

Effective length (L) of bridge = min of (5+0.4, 5+0.6) = 5.4m

K depends on B/L. B/L=12/5.4=2.22, As B/L ratio is more than 2, hence k = 3

beff = (3 x 2.7) x (1- (2.7/5.4)) + 0.62 = 4.67 m(for one wheel)

beff / 2 = 4.67/2 = 2.335m > 1.7m

Hence effective width of dispersion for both Vehicles on the span:

Intensity of loading including impact load (from Live Load)

Design live load = 1.5 x 20.93 = 31.38 kN/m2

Considering an unit strip along major span of the slab:

Therefore the maximum bending moment:

Load position for maximum Shear force in slab.

Effective length of dispersion for maximum shear force in longitudinal direction

Effective width of dispersion of wheel load (One wheel)

K = 3 (Same as calculated above).

Therefore, beff = 3 x 1.385 x (1-(1.385/5.4)) + 0.62 = 3.71 m (For one wheel)

Hence, total effective width of both the vehicles:

Total live load pressure on slab:

Design live load pressure = 21.79 x 1.5 = 32.69 kN/m2

Maximum Design shear force = (32.69 x 2.77) x (5.4-(0.5 x 2.77))/5.4 = 67.326 kN

Design of Bridges Book , N. Krishna Raju, Oxford & IBH Publishing

Essentials of bridge engineering, Victor, D.J.,Oxford & IBH Publishing

Bridge Engineering, Ponnuswamy, S.,Tata Mcgraw Hill

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