Practical Lab Investigation Report -8

Faculty of Engineering Technology and Science

Academic Year 2022– 2023
Semester ☒ Fall ☐ Spring ☐ Summer
Course Code - Name MCE 3601 – Engineering Measurements lab
Program Mechanical Engineering Technology
Lab Instructor
Lab 8: Measurement and error analysis of flow rate of
Lab Title
Academic Honesty Statement: a liquid
Submission
In accordance Due Date
with Date Submitted
HCT policy LP201- Academic Honesty
• Students are required to refrain from all forms of academic dishonesty as defined and
explained in HCT procedures and directions from HCT personnel.
Course Learning Outcomes:
• A student found guilty of having committed acts of academic dishonesty may be subject to
 CLO 1- Identify different measuring tools related to experiments
one or more of the disciplinary measures as outlined in Article 33 of the Student and
 CLO 2- Demonstrate an understanding of accuracy, precision, and repeatability
Academic Regulations.
 CLO 3- Evaluate data obtained from experimental measurements
‫إفادة األمانة األكاديمية‬
 CLO 4- Identify sources of variability, error, and uncertainties
‫ األمانة األكاديمية‬LP201 - ‫وفًقا لسياسة كليات التقنية العليا‬
‫ كما هو مبّين وموضح في السياسات واإلجراءات الخاصة‬،‫• ُيطلب من الطلبة االمتناع عن كافة أشكال سوء األمانة األكاديمية‬
. .‫ والتوجيهات الصادرة من موظفي الكليات‬،‫بكليات التقنية العليا‬
‫• في حالة ارتكاب الطالب أي شكل من أشكال سوء األمانة األكاديمية سوف يتعرض الى واحد أو أكثر من التدابير التأديبية‬
.‫ من األنظمة األكاديمية‬33 ‫على النحو المبين في المادة‬
Declaration: Group/Individual
1. No part of this assignment has been copied from another source, (not from another
group or student, an internet source or a book).
2. No late submission will be accepted.
3. When another person's words are used, this is shown in the text with "…" and
referenced.
4. No part of this assignment has been written by anyone other than the member(s) of
the group named below.
5. We/I have a copy of this assignment that we/I can produce if the first copy is lost or
damaged.

N.B. The marker may choose not to mark this assignment if the above declaration is not
signed.

 If the declaration is found to be false, appropriate action will be taken. Plagiarism is

copying and handing in someone's work as your own. Any student found guilty of this
type of cheating will be dismissed from the college.

1. Student Name: ____________________ Signature: _____________

2. Student Name: ____________________ Signature: _____________
3. Student Name: ____________________ Signature: _____________
Part I: Individual assessment (40%):
Each student will be evaluated individually during the lab time according to the following aspects

S. PI- Maximum Marks Obtained

Aspect for Evaluation
No. PLO Marks Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4

Health & Safety Housekeeping

1. 5%
and organization
Participation/ Work
2. 10%
independently/ Oral questions
Set up the experiment/ using
3. equipment and measuring 10%
tools
Troubleshooting and
4. 10%
problem solving.
Time management/
5. 5%
Late/ finish on time

Part II: Group assessment (60%):

Each group will be evaluated as a team based on their submitted report according to the following aspects

6. Introduction/ Objective. 5%

7. Calculations /Codes/ Theory. 5%

Diagrams / Charts / Figures

8. and Plots with proper 10%
captions

9. Analysis & Discussion 15%

Conclusions/ Summary /self-

10. 15%
reflection
Quality of work performed
11. including quality of report, 5%
neatness etc.
Data collection/ Findings /
12. observations quality of lab 5%
report, neatness etc.

Total Marks /100

Evaluated by: Date:

Safety Rules:
Put a protective clothing: lab coat, overall, safety shoes.

Never enter the laboratory without permission.

Wear goggle and gloves for necessary protection.

Tie back long hair and dangling sleeves/ clothes.

Take off loose and long jewelry.

Familiarize yourself the location of fire safety devices, first- aid box and emergency exit.

Always follow instruction from your teacher; if in doubt about something you should
ask your teacher.

Switch of the machine before adjusting and cleaning.

Press the Emergency/ Estop button in case of accidents and inform lab in charge
immediately.

Report any spillage or breakage immediately to your lab in charge.

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE is defined as all equipment which is intended to be worn or held to

protect against risk to health and safety.

Eye Protection: Serves as a guard against

the hazards of impact, splashes from
chemical or molten metal, liquid droplets
(chemical mist or sprays), dust, gasses and
welding arcs.

Foot Protection: Shoes made with a

protective reinforcement at the front to
protect your ankles, toes and feet from
injury. The reinforcement helps to protect
the toes from falling objects or any kind of
compression.

Hand Protection: Gloves provide protection

against a range of hazards including cuts and
abrasions, extremes of temperature (cold or
hot).

Protective clothing: Designed to protect the

body from injury or infection. The hazards
addressed by protective equipment include
physical, electrical, heat, chemicals,
biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
Objective:
Comparing the coefficient of discharge of Venturi Tube and Orifice Plate through
the flow measurement.
Apparatus:
Fluid friction apparatus & stop watch.
Theory:
For a Venturi meter or an orifice plate, flow rate and differential pressures are
related by the following equation:

√() √()
2 gh 2 gh
Q= A 2 4
= A2 4
A2 D2
1− 1−
A1 D1

Where, Cd = Discharge coefficient

Actual Flow Rate

= Ideal Flow Rate

= 1.0 for a Venturi

= 0.67 for an orifice

V̇ = Volume flow rate in m3/sec

g = 9.81 m/s2

Pipe diameter: Venturi D1 =24 mm, Orifice D1 =24 mm

Throat diameter: Venturi D2 =14 mm, Orifice D2 =20 mm

For Venturi, (D2/D1) = 0.58 Throat area A2 = 153.94 mm2

=……………………………………m2

For orifice plate, (D2/D1) =0.83 Throat area A2 = 314.16 mm2

=…………………………………………………
m2

Page 1
 Orific
Venture e
Tube
2 Flow
1
1 2

PROCEDURE
1. The object is to obtain a series of readings of pressure difference between

two points through venturi tube and an orifice plate at one particular flow

rate.

2. Open and close the appropriate valves to obtain flow of water through the

flow measuring devices.

3. Measure flow rates using the volumetric tank in conjunction with flow

control valve.

4. Record the differential pressure in terms of height of water column “h”

between the tapings using the differential manometer on each flow

measuring device.

Page 2
 Table of Observations for Venturi Meter:

Flow Time Volume flow Venturi Venturi tube Coefficient of

volume t rate tube Qi = Discharge

√()
No. V QA= (V/t)*10-3 h 2 gh Cd=QA/Qi
A2 4
D2
1−
D1

liters sec m3 / sec m m3 / sec

1
Avg.

2
Avg.

3
Avg.

4
Avg.

5
Avg.

Mean

Page 3
 Table of Observations for Orifice Plate:
Flow Time Volume flow Orifice Orifice Plate Coefficient of
volume t rate Plate Qi = Discharge

√()
-3
No. V QA= (V/t)*10 h 2 gh Cd=QA/Qi
m A2 4
D2
1−
D1

liters sec m3 / sec m m3 / sec liters

1
Avg.

2
Avg.

3
Avg.

4
Avg.

5
Avg.

Mean

Page 4
 Analysis:

1. Calculate the variation in the measurement of difference using standard deviation

and record your result as

Result = mean ± standard deviation

2. Calculate % Error between the actual difference and the true difference

|E− A|
% Error= x 100
A

Page 5
3. Calibration Curve

Plot the Calibration curve for the Flow Rate Measurement of both Venturi meter and
Orifice Plate by plotting QA Versus QI. Find the slope of the calibration curve (Cd)

Page 6
3. Write your observations about the sources of error and uncertainty in the
measurement using venturi tube and orifice plate. Also state conclusion of
improving measurement skills to reduce experimental error.

RESULTS:
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES:

Page 7