Pas ~ Jun 2023 aia Write an. algorithm for depth first tra~ é evsal_of graph. — so 2 ) = Tritially define a stack with size same cis total _no-of vertices_in the gia ph._________--__--__, _ ep2. = “Select the root vertex as starting. __nocle for traverse. Visit that vertex. ancl push it in the stack, — s Shep 3.= Visit an | neavsest Caclacent) vev= — tex sof the vertex whichis _locetecl _____att the top of the stack cand which — Lis nat visited cand push it inthe J stack es _ _—_—_Slep 4 2 Repeat step 2 unti| there ave no — any adjacent _vextex_+o_vis) t from. __ the _vevtex on top 6f the stack, steps = Wlhen theve Is no any vexte.x_ __-remcein.to_ visit then use the me thee) of back tracking and pop one vertex from the stack, 6- Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until — _stack becomes empty. a, “4_-_When_ stack becomes completely ___empty, then_genexctte_fined_spanni- 4, tree_by —Yemeving unis fool ezlses fyurn the graph. Hh | G - >) Construct +he minimum Spcinning tee : (msT) fox the given graph. ting _Prim's algexithm starting From | vevtey~ 6ees) ats a TERT = ASS yt —~eilihad ja Appalagical ) Mihat_is_topological sevti 1 Find topslo-. —— gical cing — pew ee “sort isan ordering of ——Nertites in a_alixected acy clic: ger such that if theve js a pla 1 NOt Cj ee Spee otloy Eid in the caxclesingOr pate ah_ol aie fit _breadth Firs}. a _, Haversal_ ae ete ve ___slep] = Define Queue of 5} size equal to — totcl no of vertices in. a_gyciph : (i Ngre ep2- Select any vextex _as_s-taxti paint fox +Yaveysal. Visit thet ver- ©X_anel_inseyt+ i+ indo the, Gueue. ——-Slep 3 = Visit_all_ the. neavest _Cacljacent)_ vertices of the vertex which Is —oat font of the: Queue wWhjch is _ not _visitecl_and_inseyt these ver- ices, Inthe Queue ere step 4 - kIhen -thewe js no any unvisited_ ———vette1_semaining Pua athe, vertex et front _of the “Queue then delete ~fcpead. eaereelss ‘ae Eaphy step 6 - Ishen queue_becamed empty hen produce fined. Spanning — tree. _“by_vemoving— unuredl app —_______elges _ Near the” eaph. aeane Be byhUs Using - —Prim!s. “algorithm, Find the cost : of Minimum -spannin tree, (MS8T)_of - 42 sier— “graph satiny Ner-mst = |tsté+2z+3tlo = 26 a Oi Deline the. tallaning = E: 7 ____) Complete. graph — B cee graph 2 gaph nic hich ach wey oxo i connected 4 De other vertex = ph “Connected: gxaph— Bs eee om isa. Ded gage graph it for | / of _vevtices, theve exists La Lat | teat om single | cel which joins — Shem eee sy ‘Q.Ph _ 3D stub: £ nc G_is another. _ formed oe ateubset_of the. Ney ne ph.—@-3.4) Conshuck. an AVL tree by insevting, __ numbers From _ 1 > Numbers yy By ly 64-841. &fod CA heise fact ——, See =4 Define Red- Black tree. List its ‘pro = I~ "Gi Fits | ich tree osith recl_ouncl_ black “edlaw~ | facing racer be “: |__P Propentiosa” _ i) Eveny mocle. is cdlouked either red 1 ov blac di\ The root is black : (iS TEE node Is red it'c _chilel-ven. bey of black ocle BE ample — c= black node | _) Se {made Do-ved 1» CTs. (OS at aa ou 6) Write. fictions for _RR_cncl RL_vota= tion ithe spect Ap _pwL hee. —— —_. ea Fe DRR (Right Ro tation )_ a : —Tn_ RR Rotation every. “node. moved. —IL SL se tole Ras Heat fe Pour, 3% RL ant - lef} xolodion) RL “yotation is combination of _single sight ryotetion Fallauedd by ingle. | ee ~otaton, ps every made mover one pasit/an to_aight _Anel_then lef zi =e.4 cee ae is [_CxR Qe [Re Tee ao | QB L : z _ oO y G4 a) Construct — an pV tree toy “Fallauling— Lata | So, as, JLo, SP, 3,30 2042 IS,: > (Explain “k- climensianel tree. a k- ctimentianad tree \(ktd bead i Us. Ss ace ~Pspetitinden pastitiening — dade fon iS hucduye. Ty seating | pai bs fin k= climensi lip The _k- ca tree. [s_ae y itp which every ‘léciB.rindedess is 7 Ke _climensional: BE ES g/t enone ne et) RE PSB very —non=leaf ngcle can he, - i Of. sine icity. genexoutin Ley s) ing. hy petlane_ dee valiuiolts, _—— es i info. dwo_parts., -Kinown — asl: ty. Points te the left oF (oh this Ripelane dives nispemiotedlash uth @ cies bach b = tree lof that— atle —cund paints to: e ight of “the ‘hyper lane tore Q presentec! LPeranirin We bre | ~tree wera trees ave uselul dota Sshucture tox severed a plicctions, suchas searcher jnvdlving “a ru — BES CEC epee cll mmeene ee eeee —Ni)aK ~cl_tree ave ct Abecicd case _ FE binary, space pootitioni ing ig tree. =e = Peeled — stadia and_ olynamic.. tee [es__with suitetble. example Zz Static tree table 7 — Tha static Hee table _symbdls__— ave move jn advanced no insettian eincl__cleletion ave ettldwedl. — Huffman tree end OBST “ave &Ka-____»mple 9 stale ree ble. a cme of Searching a robe L occuring =jealt jhishe pega: Sena 8 smcu| e.g: ‘onsT a ‘Dyndraja tree. fable * Tn a olynamic. table Sjinbela xe, inseytec) tet wee then they éome , thew axe, deleted when they —cuse St =avl Free L an examples ot clyng- mic tree tkuble. ay as. ‘as Conshuct a acizae Wal male. 12 by. jtinsextting “oumbexs | froma 1+y_1o "Steg Fnsert | | C Oo : | “Step = nsevt -2 “oe Step 3 ia Thsent - 3. _ —— Ct 3 : = i 5 Cover flow) — st ae tp Tsexd. a| . a ! 31 4,5 S| Os __ | ‘(Ovex Frow) A 1 * i Step 6-Insexvt - 6 A - OO @ fey = _Step 7 ~ Enseyt -7 Cover flow). HG Tn). =o @ Ger oS (G3) Or Coverslow) =a ron ae O@ Hath pai bes = ~~ Step 3. a _Frsert= 2 - 9 la poLs — | —__tiue i “Step lo= Lnsert- lo EK ee J ee an) x CT LL yo it TE Ts] pO lao t= DP Eaplee. y- _jnclex.§ sf aa clense ln clex p= . i _ DS Peimars index. L Here. ey ‘Fedo piney, igh [ean ee anlly the p pyimaxy V yeletion in the table. ‘and ‘primary I index _{s— gdetine —a_a ard exed — datafile. ns — so the date. file ~ je_ovclexed_ ana this hs = see ieeei) Seconclaty index = it, i a = Secondary inclex Is. ct Field which jscanclielette. key, (-@. the, oot oth- cHhewn- pximerry” Ae oor_—tnan= ar _clupliccrte, EUW, es nayse—Ineclex — te 7 Pavel ex —ecorel_ contains. aaa —_anel_eiclued pointer to the clea shined. _ago_+the clisk =So the seaych the secorel_ we fixst needed _inelex_~vecorel_ to each at the cactuct) location of +he clota, _=_Fin_spayse__jnclex_ pene secur key = el at not creéttioal. yy. Dense, index - te ? = On primary k¢ as well, ax_caltumnt,— — indedin. gis! she ak on whiz form Fransecttiong —Que cannot execute — an con primey. key JJumn 7 oP : —But creceting jnclex en primary boy will not sufficient hence ie BL fog te ee allt __the_seaych__k cdlumns _js_storeel kisim ethocl. is! -callecl_slense_index,—_ &6 a) Construct _a B& Tree, ae “oveler. ——_ with the ollo. wing cedgs PH2ZEaAPQEA SW CLA ca E| step 2 ext. [a sepa - Inseyt 2% [i ee ‘step ye Eel kK 7 7 GSD _ O. H kz) [ ae CK BYPaeteie KLPL as out Wy Jn} a ; aya] p JE) is j are } E] Ixy? J <[-spit clA@ 4} ~—fBre? Io Je Tkres_ |S Jt)I rab LN a Es = be Jal aret pie) i Np) [sjrJ ta _— arsed —, re : = ao < pe Zt H Je NS | TBI RE 2 — = = ae —_ H [Dm ai EE pyr B B a: a — ~ ealian am ib 5) Tie: tree - it pipe Bee is a Nery shinight — sis Lt isa imple trea where the nodes “them _th. these, node’ ae, akka- ligecl fs the, best part of the Trie- hee 2 Tasextion in Tie dada bru cue, = A) getithm = Define a fur? insert (tie Node * é Sook ishing & word) whit in —__ rameters on! Other Foy the dxing., 1 ~ 7 = initialize it with the: xeot _Node and ino 2%. Ttevate over the \ength of the Fe i F S ig_N0LL oY not In the orrey of point - a | th rent character of the Sth & Liy re NULL then, make dn new hed. cand. point the curxyvent-chayacterx +a thr ~~ new pesbetenpenae ti os li} Move the cury to the newly. ly sxe Mo—____| _ - Lae Finally, Tnevement the word Count of [ _ | the last cur sicent Nede, this tmplies—thed there _is_a _String_encling—cue vent Node | Search Operctien= » Search operciran ip_Ixie i performed dpa Lnotlay Wau as The Los exti an poy cotian but the! only olf femence. is Jo. biat wWhenevce we find thatthe oti. not l of_pointers_in_cuty nods. “clae poi tp the current character of the He wworcel then acchinin al ls, ps as Find) cohetber. the. given word exist | xie \. Find) wh thee any word that ster wi LK the given _prefi ext fe jn Bie | @.1eS E plain youltilist files and cova) ing —> Multi list files = = n= multi -list file organization the fo ~ index _cantain cl) valves -Hna_the secondaty Key hey in olata file. “same cs inverted Frle = But the. cliff evence_is that the — centsy inthe sm witi_inelex_fone_a_—— secondary key value _ ts_ pointex. to— nee ded rrecerel with that Feg- hve Mia oe ee eee a SE LER eeTa beer xing. structive is same cy de cloubly—linked mut). list: chuchixe Ey p—hi'st fs _s-yuct asa _ciyculor, _——_pié ~ca_head_nacle. + given _circulax L'sh,_ail records ae ies form another. ci¥- x Reverse civcular, list contains neole ik cp . obit ha What is Segueotial ad laser seo) and index ie —— fle eganiadtign® State. [ts_advers Hounal eli'scdvet —7" vite Sequential - Li) “Loa aquential: methad of fF 7 izahien, Yecards a aS —_anizahi Sea rourTea ena —_.attvangecl_in_the sequence | ces by which they “Were. dea ihathe Gd. ii) Et tk not _passible to insent anew xecoxe _cuny, where. inthe file, —___“Tndex_se sequential — a i) Pn index fora file sis a Ii — 7 Ks ae Values app earing—iia the “Hild aon _with_ He addy dvees of the Foote dine aici inthe mass Las Stnwag 2, orn 7 x il “index can be. ¢ oxganiz eus_o. lis Sy The tree, —a_lhosh table, ete.Multiple inclexes 2 each bh pe of field used tox -sembeching VAus nelexing—provicles_much—_berlter, = § Flexibility —_____— a -* i Pn_index file usuctlly 129 wie. lens storys space than the nain tile. —___—____ iii) Updation of index ti ile cequives fewer _ — block accesses compare 10_Seq Le file — : ae "08 9) Explain ivent inuevted and cellular 7 = partition : - 41 : _—_ f Taverted files ‘ | = averted files are, similak to mow = } __lists. ; iL = The_inverted files ~ecord informe tian | _-lis Kept in dhe iinclex itself. —__ s | > Benefits — } c i) The ~etrvieval works in two steps, i) The. wecords are etrieved using the ___tij) Fnverted Files resi} in space saving — a oogirred to_ other le_stwchine. _ y search aneceneen erR ae isceus OE Cellular partition -—_ = Fn order. to veduce file seaxch H=— mes, the storage -meclia —mety_be._clivl=— ‘ decd: into ceils = : =A cell _mey be an_entive.clislk pack — $ ot_ it} may simply be a_ cylinder. a & -— Fn cowed. a cell is aidisk pack henle ing _cellwlay partitions it isp assitle. to “seaxch—cli ent cells in posal ‘Explain_clivect— access file org, anization. state its advantages nel cclisacvesnta- an gen — i —_—— | = Tn ctivect dddvecciey with equi = ne ———necovels aveuiletble clisk_sp pace. 1 clivi- chins nodes lage emaugh bo hold) ol ve carel =Numevic yelue. of primary Key is used to_cetexymine— e. node. into which a — pasticulay cecorel is tp be stored Advantages = i) Sorting of the ecords are not ivecl : : + access i el pmmectiately Wis T+ har better contra see allocation Disadyeunta ja i) cloes not pravide back wp Facility, This expensive.