THE CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF VICES TOWARDS STUDENTS

BEHAVIOR

INTRODUCTION

Vices are labeled as any fault, negative trait, defect, infirmity, or a bad or unhealthy

habit like smoking or alcohol addiction of a person. Reports have been established

regarding the increased involvement of Senior High School (SHS) students who suffer

from various effects of stress and vices in their personal and academic life. With this,

most of the students’ experiences depression from stress out of their academic

performance, family issues, and even peer pressure (Morales, 2017).

According to Annan (2015), one major life-threatening substance that was created is

drugs. The author elaborated that it tears the societies, spawns’ crime, spreads

diseases including AIDS, and even kills the youth and the future. However, despite all

these well-known risks, people still continue to abuse drug intakes which destroy their

own lives.

In the 2012 survey by the social weather station, it was found that 56% of Filipino

teenagers are involved in vices. The researchers believed that peer pressure or stress

from their academic and personal lives is the most common reason they engage in

vices. This study, like many others on stress and vices, educates students about the

potential repercussions of their actions and prevents them from engaging in harmful

behaviors. The students may be able to find solutions, initiate change, and seek

assistance on their own, all while improving as individuals through awareness. The
researchers believed that this can reduce the number of young Filipinos who engage in

vices and experience stress in this instance.

All of the foregoing concerns have prompted academic studies to address the

causes and effects of vices among students and its corresponding effects towards their

personal and academic life. In fact, Leshargie et al. (2019) studied the impact of peer

pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students through a

systematic review and meta-analysis. Meanwhile, Morales (2017) also evaluated the

effects of stressors and vices in personal and academic performance of senior high

school students. However, no researches or investigations were found to have primarily

focused in the causes and effects of vices in students’ behaviors, hence, forming a

literature gap on this study,

To address the identified gap of this study, the researcher deemed in necessary to

examine the causes and effects of vices on the behavior of the Senior High School

(SHS) students of Greenfield National High School, Abakan, North Cotabato. This study

will elaborate the causes of such behaviors, describe the extent to which the students

engage in the identified vices, and determine its corresponding effects towards their

behavior both academically and personally.

Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the cause and effect of vices on

student’s behavior. Specifically, to seek answer to the following questions.

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the terms of the respondents in terms

of?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

2. What is the level of vices the students are engaged in terms of:

2.1 smoking

2.2 drinking

2.3 drug use

3. What are the most common vices that students engage in, and how do these

vices impact their behavior in school and beyond?

Scope and Delimitation

The main purpose of this study is to determine the the cause and effect of vices

on student’s behavior. This study will be conducted at Greenfield National High School

with a total of selective respondents who are enrolled for the 1st semester in the school

year 2022-2023. A survey questionnaire will be given to respondents for them to

answer.

Significance of the study

This result of this study will benefit the following:

Students. Understanding the causes and effects of vices on student behavior can help

students recognize and avoid negative behaviors that can impact their academic and

personal success. This knowledge can also help students to develop healthier coping

mechanisms and make more informed decisions about their own behavior.

Teachers. Teachers play a critical role in shaping students' behavior and can use their

understanding of the causes and effects of vices to develop effective classroom

management strategies and provide appropriate support and intervention when

necessary. This knowledge can also help teachers to identify students who may be

struggling and provide targeted support to help them overcome these challenges.

Parents. Parents can use their understanding of the causes and effects of vices to have

open and honest conversations with their children about the risks and consequences of

engaging in negative behaviors. This knowledge can also help parents to identify

warning signs of problematic behavior and provide appropriate support and guidance to

their children.

Schools. Schools can use their understanding of the causes and effects of vices to

develop effective prevention and intervention programs that can support students in

making positive choices and avoiding negative behaviors. This knowledge can also help

schools to create a safe and supportive learning environment that fosters positive

behavior and academic success.

Future researchers. Further research on the causes and effects of vices on student

behavior can help to advance our understanding of this complex issue and identify new

strategies for prevention and intervention. This research can also inform public policy

and improve our overall approach to addressing negative behavior in students.

Definition of terms

Here are definitions of key terms related to the cause and effect of vices on

student behavior:
Addiction. A chronic condition in which an individual becomes physically or

psychologically dependent on a substance or behavior, and experiences negative

consequences as a result.

Behavioral problems. Patterns of behavior that are disruptive, aggressive, or

otherwise inappropriate, and can interfere with a student's academic and social

development.

Drinking. The consumption of alcoholic beverages, which can have a range of effects

on a person's physical, mental, and emotional health, including impaired judgment,

decreased inhibitions, and increased risk of accidents and injuries.

Drug abuse. The use of illegal or prescription drugs in a way that is harmful to a

person's health or well-being, which can lead to addiction, overdose, and a range of

physical and mental health problems.

Peer pressure. The influence that peers or social groups can have on an individual's

behavior, attitudes, and beliefs, which can be a contributing factor to engaging in vices

such as smoking, drinking, and drug abuse.

Stress. A physiological and psychological response to external pressures or demands,

which can impact an individual's emotional well-being and ability to cope with

challenges.

Student behavior. The actions, attitudes, and responses that students exhibit in

various settings, including the classroom, school, and community. Student behavior can

be influenced by a range of factors, including individual characteristics, social and

environmental factors, and academic experiences.

Vices. Behaviors or habits that are considered immoral, unethical, or harmful, including

substance abuse, gambling, promiscuity, and other forms of addictive or destructive

behavior.

Chapter II

Related review of literature

This chapter is a discussion of the literatures and the result of other related

researches to which the present study is related or has some bearing or similarity. This

gave study. the author enough background in understanding the study

One of the main causes of vices among students is peer pressure. Studies have

shown that students are more likely to engage in risky behaviors when they perceive

that their peers are also engaging in these behaviors (Huang et al., 2020). For example,

a student may start smoking or drinking alcohol because they feel pressure to fit in with

their peers who also engage in these activities. Similarly, students who spend excessive

amounts of time on social media may do so because they feel pressure to keep up with

their peers who are also using these platforms.

The effects of vices on student behavior can be significant. Substance abuse, for

example, can have serious health consequences and may also impair academic

performance (Gomes et al., 2021). Students who engage in gambling may experience

financial problems and may also become isolated from their peers and family members
(Lloyd et al., 2020). Similarly, excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of

anxiety, depression, and loneliness (Bányai et al., 2017).

Another cause of vices among students is stress. Students may turn to vices as a

way of coping with the pressures of academic work, extracurricular activities, and social

life. For example, a student who feels overwhelmed by their workload may turn to

alcohol or drugs as a way of escaping from their problems (Gomes et al., 2021).

Similarly, a student who feels isolated or excluded from social activities may turn to

social media as a way of connecting with others.

The effects of vices on student behavior can also have wider societal

implications. For example, substance abuse among students can lead to increased

healthcare costs, decreased productivity, and increased crime rates (Gomes et al.,

2021). Similarly, gambling among students can lead to financial strain for individuals

and their families, as well as wider economic costs related to problem gambling (Lloyd

et al., 2020).

Vices refer to negative habits or behaviors that can cause harm to an individual's

physical, emotional, or social well-being. Students who engage in vices such as

substance abuse, gambling, or excessive social media use may experience a variety of

negative consequences. In this essay, we will explore the causes and effects of vices

among students, with reference to current research.

One of the main causes of vices among students is peer pressure. Studies have

shown that students are more likely to engage in risky behaviors when they perceive

that their peers are also engaging in these behaviors (Huang et al., 2020). For example,
a student may start smoking or drinking alcohol because they feel pressure to fit in with

their peers who also engage in these activities.Cigarette smoking and drinking liquors

can harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases as well as the bad

habits disrupt your life and keep you from achieving your objectives. They put your

physical and emotional wellbeing in danger. They also squander your time and effort.

Similarly, students who spend excessive amounts of time on social media may do so

because they feel pressure to keep up with their peers who are also using these

platforms.

The effects of vices on student behavior can be significant. Substance abuse, for

example, can have serious health consequences and may also impair academic

performance (Gomes et al., 2021). Students who engage in gambling may experience

financial problems and may also become isolated from their peers and family members

(Lloyd et al., 2020). Similarly, excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of

anxiety, depression, and loneliness (Bányai et al., 2017).

Another cause of vices among students is stress. Students may turn to vices as a

way of coping with the pressures of academic work, extracurricular activities, and social

life. For example, a student who feels overwhelmed by their workload may turn to

alcohol or drugs as a way of escaping from their problems (Gomes et al., 2021).

Similarly, a student who feels isolated or excluded from social activities may turn to

social media as a way of connecting with others.

The effects of vices on student behavior can also have wider societal

implications. For example, substance abuse among students can lead to increased
healthcare costs, decreased productivity, and increased crime rates (Gomes et al.,

2021). Similarly, gambling among students can lead to financial strain for individuals

and their families, as well as wider economic costs related to problem gambling (Lloyd

et al., 2020).

In conclusion, vices can have significant impacts on student behavior, academic

performance, and wider society. Peer pressure and stress are among the main causes

of vices among students, while the effects of vices can range from impaired academic

performance to wider economic costs. Addressing these issues will require a multi-

faceted approach that involves education, prevention, and treatment programs aimed at

promoting healthy behaviors among students

The level of vices student are engaged in terms of:

Smoking: Studies have shown that smoking is one of the most common vices among

students. A study conducted in Nigeria found that 20.6% of students aged 13 to 15

years were current smokers, with males being more likely to smoke than females.

Another study conducted in Malaysia found that 24.7% of students aged 13 to 17 years

were current smokers, with the prevalence being higher among males than females. In

India, a study found that 14.9% of students aged 13 to 15 years were current smokers,

with the prevalence being higher among males and students from urban areas. These

findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce smoking among students
and prevent the associated health risks (Ibrahim, Olutola, & Oluwasanmi, 2019; Lim et

al., 2019; Singh et al., 2019).

Drinking: According to a survey conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse

and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in 2019, approximately 55% of senior high students reported

drinking alcohol in the past month, and 31% reported engaging in binge drinking

(defined as consuming 4 or more drinks for women or 5 or more drinks for men on a

single occasion) in the past two weeks. These rates of drinking are significantly higher

than those reported by non-college peers in the same age group.

Furthermore, studies have found that heavy drinking is associated with a range

of negative consequences for college students, including academic problems,

accidents, sexual assault, and health issues. It is important for universities to provide

education and resources to promote responsible drinking habits and mitigate the harms

associated with excessive alcohol use.

Drug Use: According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in

2020, 43.3% of full-time college students aged 18-22 reported using marijuana in the

past year, and 6.3% reported using cocaine in the past year. Additionally, prescription

drug misuse, including the non-medical use of stimulants and opioids, is a significant

problem among college students.

 The consequences of drug use among college students can be severe, including

academic problems, legal issues, addiction, and health problems. In addition, drug use

can contribute to risky behaviors such as unprotected sex and driving under the

influence.

It is important for universities to provide education and resources to prevent and

address drug use among students. This may include substance abuse prevention

programs, counseling services, and access to treatment for those struggling with

addiction

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

STUDENTS BEHAVIOR CAUSE AND EFFECT

OF VICES

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the study

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the study. This includes the research

design, locale of the study, respondent of the study, and the research instrument.

Research Design

A descriptive correlational method will be used in this study. The purpose is to

determine the cause and effect of student’s behavior. Descriptive Research is a

scientific process with description, based on the observation, of an event while the

correlation tends to measure the relationship between the variable of the study, (Cliffs

notes, 2020.).
 Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Greenfield High School in the Municipality of

Arakan, North Cotabato.

Figure 1: Location Map

 Respondent of the study

The respondent is a senior high school student of Greenfield High School for

the school year 2022-2023. A total of 61 respondents was computed using Solvin’s

formula with a margin of error of (0.03).

SECTION/GRADE LEVEL POPULATION RESPONDENT

ICT 11 60 38
ICT 12 29 23
TOTAL 89 61

DATA GATHERING

The research information was carried out using the survey questionnaire by

distributing it to the selected students of Greenfield National High School that is

selected through a random sampling to gather data information. Data were collected

after the respondents answered the survey questionnaire

STATISTICAL THREATMENT

All needed data was gathered and interpreted through descriptive statistics to

provide summaries about the data and the measures and to describe what the data

shows. In the Student’s Behavior Practice Measurement, the data was analyzed

through the gathered data from the respondents solved and interpreted thru computing
the mean of each statements and getting its overall computed mean or the grand mean

which determine the measure of Student’s Behavior.