UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

MENTAL ABILITY
SERIES
Series is a sequential order of letters, numbers or both arranged in such a way
that each term in the series is obtained according to specific rules.

Number Series
In questions based on Number Series, you are required to find the missing or
wrong number in a sequence. The missing number may be at the beginning,
middle or at the end of sequence.
Types of Number Series
• Even Series The series in which all the numbers are even numbers followed
in a sequence, is known as even series.
e.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 etc.
• Odd Series The series in which all the numbers are odd numbers followed in
a sequence, is known as odd series!
e.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 etc.
• Prime Series The series in which all the numbers are prime numbers
followed in a sequence, is known as prime series.
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 etc.
• Square Series The series in which all the numbers are squares of natural
numbers followed in a sequence is known as square series

• 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82

e.g. 1. 4. 9. 16. 25. 36. 49. 64

Cube Series The series in which all the numbers are the cube of natural
numbers followed in a sequence is known as cube series.
13 23 33 43 53 63 73

E.g. 1. 8. 27. 64. 125. 216. 343...]

• Arithmetic Series The series in which the difference between each
successive terms is constant, is known as arithmetic series.
-4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4

84, 80, 76, 72, 68, 64, 60, 56, 52, 48, 44 40

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
• Mixed Series The series in which we get the next term, first by
multiplying/dividing and then by adding subtracting, is known as mixed
series.
e.g. 3. 7 15 31 63 127 255

X2+1 X2+1 X2+1 X2+1 X2+1 X2+1

• Geometric Series (GP) The series in which the ratio between each
successive term is constant, is known as geometric series.
e.g. 1. 3. 9. 27. 81. 243. 729

X3 X3 X3 X3 X3 X3
3 9 27 81
ratio (r) = = 3, , 27 , … … . . = 3
1 9
(r) = 3
Note In this case we apply multiplication or division
• Arithmetico-Geometric Series This series is formed by a peculiar
combination of Arithmetic and Geometric series.

e.g. 1 4 8 11 22 ? 25

+3 X2 +3 X2 +3 X2
? = 25 x 2 = 50

• Twin/Alternate Series This type of series may consist of two series

combined into a single series. The alternating terms of this series may form
an independent series in itself.

e.g +6 +6 +6
.
3 4 8 10 13 16 ? ?

+5 +5 +5

 First ? = 13+ 5 = 18

and Second ? = 16+ 6 = 22

So, next two terms of the sex and 22 respectively.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Direction (1-10) : What value should come in place of question mark (?) in the
following number series?

1. 22, 42, 64, 88, ?

1. 2 2.
2. 118
3. 116
4. 114
5. 115

Solution 4;
The series is 3² + 13 = 22,4² + 26 = 42,
5² + 39= 64,6² +52 = 88
? = 7² + 65 = 114
2. 11, 61, 299, 1189, ?
1. 3559
2. 3659
3. 3569
4. 3549
5. 3459

Solution 1; The series is

3. 215, 19, 163, 63, ?

1. 117
2. 127
3. 125
4. 126
5. 109

Solution 2; The series is

4. 160, 80, 120, 300, ?
1. 1050
2. 1000
3. 1040
4. 1020
5. 1060

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Solution 1; The series is

5. 4, 5, 8, 15, ?
1. 25
2. 26
3. 28
4. 31
5. 24
Solution 3; The series is

6. 19, 27, 0 , 64, ? 155

1. 61
2. 83
3. -23
4. 47
5. Other than the given options

Solution 5; The series is

7. 122, 62, 32, ?, 9.5, 5.75

1. 19
2. 24
3. 17
4. 20.25
5. Other than the given options

Solution 3; The series is

8. 49, 216 , 625 , 1024 , 729 , ?

1. 128
2. 512
3. 256
4. 324
5. Other than the given options

Solution 1; The series is

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
9. 71 , ? , 868, 4345, 26076
1. 322
2. 264
3. 198
4. 216
5. Other than the given options

Solution 4; The series is

10.1, 12, 144, 1728, ?

1. 18024
2. 9962
3. 20736
4. 21302
5. Other than the given options

Solution 3; The series is

Letter Series
Letter series is a sequence of letters taken from Polish alphabet and such
sequence follows a certain logical pattern.
In letter series, certain logical pattern means that every next element of the
series is obtained according to a certain change. In this series candidates are
required to find out the next letter in the series or the missing letter in the
series or the letter which is wrong in the series.
To solve these kinds of problems, assign numbers 1 to 26 to the letters of the
English alphabets as shown below.
Reverse order
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Forward order

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Concept of "EJOTY
Letter E J O T Y
Number 5 10 15 20 25

The candidates can determine the relative positions of various alphabets by

just recovering the word 'EJOTY.

Series of opposite English alphabets

B C D E F G H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA

Find the letter in place of question mark (?) In the series given below:

2 B, F. ......... N. R

(a) G
(b) K
(c) J
(d) L
(e) None of The Above

Solution: Option C

Trick
+4 +4 +4 +4
B F J N R

3 P.... J ,G, D, A

(a) Q
(b) N
(c) K
(d) M
(e) None of the Above

Solution : Option D

Trick
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3
P M J G D A

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
4 ... E, G, J , N

(a) A
(b) B
(c) D
(d) Z
(e) None of The Above Solution: Option C

Trick
4 +1 5 +2 7 +3 10 +4 14
D E G J N

(Numbers in Circles shows the position of alphabets)

5. X , F, Y, G, ………. H

(a) Z
(b) A
(c) B
(d) Y
(e) None of The Above

Solution: Option A

24 6 25 7 26 8
X F Y G Z H
+1 +1

+1 +1

5 B, B, A, D, ……..,F
(a) B
(b) A
(c) Z
(d) C
(e) None of The Above

Solution: Option C

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2 2 1 4 26 6
B B A D Z F
+2 +2

-1 -1

6 LMD, MKG, NIJ, ………….

(a) PKM
(b) MGO
(c) LGM
(d) OGM
(e) None of The Above

Solution: Option D
12 +1 13 +1 14 +1 15
First Letter L M N O

13 -2 11 -2 9 -2 7
Second Letter M K I G

4 +3 7 +3 10 +3 13
Third Letter
D G J M

7 D, DD, DDDD, DDDDDDD,…………

(a) DDDDDDDDD

(b) DDDDDDDDDD

(c) DDDDDD

(d) DDDDDDDDDDD

(e) None of The Above

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Solution: Option D
+1D +2D +3D +4D
D DD DDDD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDD

Coding-Decodin
Coding is a system of signals. This is a method of transmitting information in the form
of codes or signals without it being known by a third person.

The person who transmits the code or signal, is called the sender and the
person who receives it, is called the receiver. Transmitted codes or signals
are decoded on the other side by the receiver—this is known as decoding.
In questions on coding-decoding, a word (basic word) is coded in a
particular way and the candidates are asked to code other word in the
same way. The coding and decoding tests are set up to judge the
candidate’s ability to decipher the rule that has been followed to code a
particular word/message and break the code to decipher the message.
Order of the English Alphabet

Forward 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
position 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Alphabe
A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O P Q R S T U V WX Y Z
ts
Backwar 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
d order 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
position 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Here, are some methods/techniques are given below to remember the

positions of English alphabets in forward or backward order.
1. By using EJOTY and CFILORUX formulae, we can easily remember
the position of letters of English alphabets.
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 5 10 15
20 25
            
C F I LO R U X E J O T Y

sounds like a medicine name) (sounds like a girl’s name Joti)

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
◆
Backward order position of a letter = 27 - Forward order position of letter
e.g., Backward order position of B = 27 - Forward order position of B= 27 - 2
= 25
Illustration 1. If CUP = 40, then KITE = ?

(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 45

32116
Solution (d) As, C U P  3 + 21+ 16 = 40

11920 5
Similarly, K I T E  11 + 9 + 20 + 5 = 45
(using forward letter positions)

Illustration 2. What is the number place of G from right side?

(a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 25 (d) 30
Solution (b) 27 − G = 27 − 7 (from left) = 20
2. By using V Q L G B and X U R O L I F C, we can easily remember the
position of letters of alphabet in reverse order.

3.
V Q L G B and X U R O L I F C
            

5 10 15 20 25 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

Illustration 3. If BAG = 71, then VICE = ?

(a) 69 (b) 70 (c) 75 (d) 90

252620
Solution (a) As, B A G  25 + 26 + 20 = 71

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Similarly, V I C E
   
5 18 24 22
= 5 + 18 + 24 + 22 = 6
(using backward letter positions)

4. If the sum of two letters is 27, then both letters are at opposite
position of each other. Some pairs of opposite letters can be
remembered as given below
D W (DEW) B Y (BY) C X (SIX)
4 + 23 = 27 2 + 25
=   +  = 
G T (GT rode) I R ( Indian Railway) M N (MAN)
7 + 20 = 27 9 + 18 = 27 13 + 14 = 27

Illustration 4. In a certain code, LAKE is written as OZPV. How will BACK be

in that same code?
(a) ZYXP (b) ZYPX
(c) YZXP (d) YZPX
Solution (c) As,
12 1 11 5 15 26 16 22
L A K E O Z P V
12 + 15 = 27

1 + 26 = 27

11 + 16 = 27

Similarly, 5 + 22 = 27

2 1 3 11
B A C K 25 26 24 16

2 + 25 = 27 Y Z X P

1 + 26 = 27

3 + 24 = 27

11 + 16 = 27

Types of Questions

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Following are the categories/types of questions which are generally
asked in various competitive examinations.

Type 1 Letter Coding

In this type, we deal with questions, in which the letters of a word are
replaced by certain other letters according to a specific pattern/rule to
form a code. You are required to detect the coding pattern/rule and answer
the question(s) that follow, based on that coding pattern/rule.

Illustration 5. In a certain code language, ‘PICTURE’ is written as ‘QHDSVQF’. How

would ‘BROWSER’ be written in that same code language?
(a) CQVVTDS (b) CQPVTDS
(c) CQPUTDS (d) CQVPPDS
(e) None of these
Solution (b) Clearly, the letters in the word PICTURE are moved alternately, one step
forward and one step backward to obtain the letters of the code. Thus, we have
⎯→ Q
P +1 Similarly, B ⎯→ Q

−1 R ⎯→ P
I ⎯→ H
+1 O ⎯→ V
C ⎯→ D ⎯→ T
W
−1 ⎯→ D
T ⎯→ S S
+1 ⎯→ S
U ⎯→ V E
⎯→ C
−1

R ⎯→ Q R
+1

Illustration 6. In a certain code language, ‘ITNIETAM’ is code for ‘INTIMATE’,

then which of the following words has the code for ‘TREVNIETARBI’?

(a) INVRETIBRATE (b) INVERTIBARTE

(c) INVERTIBRETA (d) INVERTIBRATE
(e) INVERITBART

Solution (d) The letters of the first half and the next half of the code are separately
reversed to obtain the word. Thus, we have

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

I T N I E T A M

I N T I M A T E

Similarly ,

T I
R N
E V
V E
N R
I T
E I
B
T
R
A
A
R
T
B E
I

Illustration 7. In a certain code language, ‘GIVE’ is written as ‘VIEG’ and ‘OVER’ is

written as ‘EVRO’. How will ‘DISK’ be written in that same code?
(a) SIDK (b) KISD
(c) KDSI (d) SIKD
(e) None of these

Solution (d) Here,

G V and Q
V
E
V
I I E R

V E R O

E G

Similarly, D S
I
K
I D

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
K
Illustration 8. In a certain code language,
‘BAT’ is written as ‘ YZG’ . How will ‘SICK’ be
written in that same code language?
(a) HRYV (b) HRZP (c) HRXP
(d) RHPX (e) None of these

Solution (c) As,

B A T Y Z G

2 + 25 = 27

1 + 26 = 27
Similarly,
20 + 7 = 27
S I C K
H R X P
19 + 8 = 27

9 + 18 = 27

3 + 24 = 27

11 + 16 = 27
Important Points
• If more than one codes are given, then the required code can be derived from the question
itself and you are not required to solve it mathematically. e.g.,. In a certain code LOCATE is written
as 981265 and SPARK as 47230, the code for CASKET can be derived by common letters in LOCATE
and SPARK.
• For a word in which a letter repeats at those same pattern repeats for 2nd letter in the
word itself. e.g., TASTE has code SZRSD, in this case, code for T is S in both cases. So, the coding
pattern is -1 for T, then it will be same for all the letters.

Type 2 Direct Letter Coding

In direct letter coding system, the code letters occur in the same sequence
as the corresponding letters occur in the words. This is basically a direct
substitution method.

Illustration 9. In a certain code language, ‘STARK’ is written as ‘LBFMG’ and

‘MOBILE’ is written as ‘TNRSPJ’. How will ‘BLAME’ be written in that same code
language?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(a) TSFRJ (b) RPFTJ (c) NJFTP
(d) TSFGJ (e) None of these

Solution (b) Using direct letter coding method,

S ⎯→ L and M ⎯→ T
T ⎯→ B O ⎯→ N
A ⎯→ F B ⎯→ R
R ⎯→ M I ⎯→ S
K ⎯→ G L ⎯→ P
E ⎯→ J
Similarly, from the direct codes
B ⎯→ R
L ⎯→ P
A ⎯→ F
M ⎯→ T
J
E ⎯→

Illustration 10. In a certain coding system, ‘SHEEP’ is written as ‘GAXXR’ and ‘BLEAT’
as ‘HPXTN’. How can ‘SLATE’ be written in that same coding system?
(a) GPTNX (b) GPTXN (c) GPXNT
(d)PTGXN (e) None of these
Solution (a) In both the words ‘SHEEP’ and ‘BLEAT’, the letter E is common and code
for E is substituted X. Hence, using direct letter coding method, we have

S ⎯→ G B ⎯→ H
and
H ⎯→ A L ⎯→ P
E ⎯→ X E ⎯→ X
E ⎯→ X A ⎯→ T
P ⎯→ R T ⎯→ N

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Similarly, using the direct codes
S ⎯→ G
L ⎯→ P
T
A ⎯→
N
T ⎯→
X
E ⎯→

Type 3 Number/Symbol Coding

In this type of questions, either numerical code values are assigned to a
word or alphabetical code letters are assigned to the numbers
Illustration 11. If ‘WORK’ is coded as ‘4-12-9-16’, then how will you code ‘WOMAN’?

(a) 4-12-14-26-13 (b) 4-26-14-13-12

(c) 23-12-26-14-13 (d) 23-15-13-1-14
(d) None of these
Solution (a) We have,

4
W ⎯→ 4 Hence, W ⎯→
12
O ⎯→ 12 O ⎯→
14
R ⎯→ 9 M ⎯→ 26
K ⎯→ 16 A ⎯→ 13
N ⎯→
Here, each letter is coded by the numerical obtained by subtracting its ‘position
value’ in English alphabetical order, from 27, e.g., W, O, M, A, N are at 23rd, 15th,
13th, 1st and 14th position in alphabetical order. So, their codes are (27–23), (27–
15), (27–13), (27–1), (27–14), i.e., 4, 12, 14, 26,
13, respectively i.e., their backward order position.
Illustration 12. If ‘RAJU’is coded as 11-12-13-14 and ‘JUNK’ is coded as 13-14-10-9,
then how will you code ‘RANK’?
(a) 9-10-11-12 (b) 10-11-12-9
(c) 11-12-10-9 (d) 12-11-10-9
(e) None of these
Solution (c) We have,

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
R ⎯→ 11 and J ⎯→ 13
A ⎯→ 12 U ⎯→ 14
J ⎯→ 13 N ⎯→ 10
U ⎯→ 14 K ⎯→ 9

Similarl
y, R ⎯→ 11
A ⎯→ 12
N ⎯→ 10
K ⎯→ 9

Here, each letter is assigned a specific value.

Directions (Illustrations 13-15) Study the following letters and their corresponding
digits codes following by certain conditions of coding and then answer the
questions given below them by finding out which of the digit combinations given in
(a), (b), (c) and (d) is the coded form of the letter-groups given in each question
and mark your answer accordingly.

P N A J I R E B U K
5 3 9 1 4 6 2 7 0 8

Conditions
(i) If both the first and the last letters in the group are vowels, both should be
coded as $.
(ii) If both the first and the last letters in the group are consonants, both
should be coded as #.

Illustration 13. KUNAJB

(a) 803917 (b) $0391$

(c) #0391# (d) #0391$
(e) None of these

Illustration 14. RBUKAE

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(a) #70892 (b) 670892
(c) 670982 (d) 607892
(e) None of these
Illustration 15. EBNAPI

(a) 273954 (b) $7395$

(c) #7395# (d) $7395#
(e) None of these
SOLUTIONS (Illustrations 13-15) We know that, in English alphabets A, E, I,
O, U letters are vowels and remaining letters are consonants.
13. (c) From condition (ii),

K U N A JB
     
# 0 3 9 1 #

14. (b) R B U K A E
     
6 7 0 8 9 2
15. (b) From condition (i),
E B N A P I
     
$ 7 3 9 5 $

Type 4 Deciphering Message Word Coding/Numeral Coding

In this type of questions to analyse such codes, any two messages bearing a
common word/numeral are picked up. The common code word/numeral will
represent that word/code. Proceeding similarly by picking up all possible
combinations of two, the entire message can be decoded and the codes for
every individual word/numeral can be found.
Illustration 16. In a certain code language, ‘it pit sit’ means ‘I am boy’, ‘it nit sit’ means ‘I
am girl’, which of the following means ‘girl’?
(a) it (b) pit (c) sit
(d) nit (e) None of these

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Solution (d) We have,

it pit sit ⎯→ I am boy it nit sit ⎯→ I am girl

Here, ‘it’ and ‘sit’ is common in both the messages and ‘I’ and ‘am’ is common in
both codes. Hence, code for girl will be ‘nit’.

Illustration 17. In a certain code language, ‘786’ means ‘study very hard’, ‘958’
means ‘hard work pays’ and ‘645’ means ‘study and work’. Which of the following is
the code for ‘very’?

(a) 8
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) Cannot be determined
(e) None of the above
Solution (c) Given,

7 8 6 ⎯→ Study very hard (i) ……

9 5 8 ⎯→ Hard work pays (ii) ……..

6 4 5 ⎯→ Study and work (iii) …….

In the first and second statements, the common code digit is ‘8’ and the common
word is ‘hard’. So, ‘8’ means ‘hard’. In the first and third statements, the common
code digit is ‘6’ and the common word is ‘study’. So, ‘6’ means ‘study’.
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 8 ⎯→ hard
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 6 ⎯→ study
Hence, very ⎯→ 7

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Type 5 Substitution Coding

In this type, some particular words are assigned with certain substituted
names. Now, questions are formed based on that principles.

Illustration 18. If ‘white’ is called ‘blue’, ‘blue’ is called ‘red’, ‘red’ is called ‘yellow’,
‘yellow’ is called ‘green’, ‘green’ is called ‘black’, ‘black’ is called ‘violet’ and ‘violet’ is
called ‘orange’, then what would be the colour of human blood?
(a) Red (b) Green
(c) Yellow (d) Violet
(e) Orange
Solution (c) We know that, the colour of the human blood is ‘red’ and given that ‘red’ is
called ‘yellow’. So, the colour of human blood will be ‘yellow’.
Illustration 19. If ‘Parrot’ is known as ‘Peacock’, ‘Peacock’ is known as ‘Swallow’,
‘Swallow’ is known as ‘Pigeon’ and ‘Pigeon’ is known as ‘Sparrow’, then what would
be the name of Indian National Bird?
(a) Parrot (b) Swallow
(c) Peacock (d) Pigeon
(e) Sparrow
Solution (b) We know that, Peacock is the Indian National Bird but here Peacock is
known as Swallow. So, the answer is Swallow.

VERBAL SECTION
ODD - ONE – OUT
Refers to the process of selection of ds items from a given set of items which
possess similar or common properties or qualities and identifying the item which
does not comply with those qualities. This item being referred to as the odd - one
- out.
In this type of test, we have to choose the one item which does not fit the given
group of certain items, these items may be in the form of words or numbers /
pairs of numbers.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Type -1
ODD WORD
Illustration - 1:
Spot the stranger, in the following group out
(A) Physics
(B) Chemistry
(C) Biology
(D) Zoology
(E) English
Solution: (E). Here Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Zoology deals with science but
English is not.

Illustration - 2:
Choose the word which is least like the other words in the group.
(A) Snake
(B) Lizard
(C) Turtle
(D) Whale
(E) Crocodile
Solution: (D). Snake, lizard, turtle and crocodile are reptiles while whale is not.

Illustration - 3:
Find the odd one - out
(A) India
(B) Japan
(C) New - Zeland
(D) South – Africa
(E) Australia
Solution: (E). Only Australia is a continent.

Illustration - 4:
Find the odd one - out.
(A) Ear
(B) Eye
(C) Nose
(D) Throat

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(E) Tongue
Solution: (D). Throat is not a sense organ.

Type - 2
ODD ALPHABET
In this type of question, generally five groups of letters are given. Four of them
possess similar property in some manner and one is different from others which
will be the answer. The following association of alphabets to the numbers will be
helpful for some problems.
A B C D E F G H I J
K L
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12
M N O P Q R S T U
V W X
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24
Y Z
25 26

Choose the group of letters which is different from the others:

Illustration - 5:
Choose the odd one:
(A) MOQ
(B) SUW
(C) YAC
(D) EGH
(E) KMO
Solution: (D). All others options are having one letter difference between them.

Illustration - 6:
Choose the odd one :
(A) JOT

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(B) OUT
(C) FED
(D) DIN
(E) DOG
Solution: (B). Here OUT contains two vowels, and others have only one vowel.

Illustration - 7:
Choose the odd one :
(A) YNHIA
(B) SGRFI
(C) ISEPU
(D) FHUJU
Solution: (D). Letters U is repeated, but in others no letter is repeated.

Illustration - 8:
Choose the odd one :
(A) ABD
(B) HIK
(C) VWZ
(D) QRT
(E) JKM
Solution: (C). Except VWZ all other groups consist of three letters in which the
first two are consecutive letters and the third one is one step forward of the
second letter. In VWZ, there are two steps forward between second and the third
one is one step forward of the second letter. In VWZ, there are two steps forward
between second and third letters.

Illustration - 9:
Choose the odd one :
(A) ALMZ
(B) BTUY
(C)CPQX
(D) DEFY

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Solution: (D). In others first and last letters occupy the same position from the
beginning and from the end .

Type - 3
CHOOSING THE ODD NUMERAL
In this type of questions, certain numbers are given, out of which all except one
are similar in some manner, while one is different and this different one is
answer.

Illustration - 10:
Choose the one which is different from others :
(A) 275
(B) 693
(C) 341
(D)473
(E) 353
Solution: (E). The middle digit is sum of the other two. This property is not
satisfied in (E).

Illustration - 11:
Choose the one which is different from the rest three :
(A) 428
(B) 7856
(C) 6742
(D) 326
(E) 4126
Solution: (E). The last digit or last two digits are the product of first two digits, but
in option (E), it is not.

Illustration - 12:
Choose the odd one :
(A) 174
(B) 203
(C) 84
(D) 126

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(E) 154
Solution: (A). All are multiple of 7 except (A).

Illustration - 13:
Choose the odd one :
(A) 48
(B) 156
(C) 183
(D) 622
(E) 435
Solution: (D). In all other options sum of digits comes out to be 12 except (D).

Type - 4
CHOOSING THE ODD NUMERAL PAIR
In these type of questions, certain pairs of numbers are given out of which all
except one are similar some manner while one is different. This different one is
answers.

Illustration - 14:
Choose the number pair which is different from others :
(A) 42-4
(B) 36-6
(C) 32-2
(D) 15-5
Solution: (A). The second number divides the first completely.

Illustration - 15:
Choose the odd one :
(A) 13-31
(B) 45-54
(C) 16-61
(D) 71-88
Solution: (D). All others pairs have digits in reverse order

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Blood Relations
Simply blood relations means blood relationship among members of the family.
Structure of Different Blood Relations
Generation Male Female
Three 1. Great Grandfather 1. Great Grandmother
Generation 2. Maternal Great 2. Maternal Great
above Grandfather Grandmother
3. Great Grandfather- in- 3. Great Grandmother-in-
Law Law

Two 1. Grandfather 1. Grandmother

Generation 2. Maternal Grandfather 2. Maternal Grandmother
above 3. Grandfather-in-Law 3. Grandmother-in-Law

One 1. Father 1. Mother

Generation 2. Uncle 2. Aunt
above 3. Maternal Uncle 3. Maternal Aunt
4. Father-in-Law 4. Mother-in-Law

Current 1. Husband 1. Wife

Generation 2. Brother 2. Sister
(Self) 3. Cousin 3. Cousin

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
4. Brother-in-law 4. Sister-in-Law
One 1. Son 1. Daughter
Generation 2. Nephew 2. Niece
(Self) 3. Son-in-law 3. Daughter-in-law

Two 1. Grandson 1. Grand Daughter

Generation
Below
2. Grandson-in-Law 2. Grand Daughter-in-Law

Three 1. Great Grandson 1. Great Grand Daughter

Generation
Below 2. Great Grandson-in-Law 2. Great Grand Daughter-in-
Law

From the above diagram, you get the knowledge of Generations. Let’s know
about different terms in blood relations that will provide you easy platform while
solving the questions in competitive exams.

Important Terms in Blood Relations

✓ Father of Grandfather or Grandmother = Great Grand Father
✓ Mother of Grandfather or Grandmother = Great Grand Mother
✓ Father of Father or Mother =Grand Father
✓ Mother of Father or Mother = Grand Mother
✓ Wife of Grandfather = Grand Mother
✓ Husband of Grand Mother = Grand Father

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
✓ Father – in – Law of Father/Mother = Grand Father
✓ Mother – in – Law of Father/Mother = Grand Mother
✓ Father’s Father/Mother only son = Father
✓ Only Daughter – in – Law of Father’s Father/Father’s Mother = Mother
✓ Husband of Mother = Father
✓ Wife of Father = Mother
✓ Second Wife of Father = Step Mother
✓ Brother of Father or Mother = Uncle
✓ Sister of Father or Mother = Aunt
✓ Husband of Aunt = Uncle
✓ Wife of Uncle = Aunt
✓ Son of Grand Father/Grand Mother =Father/Uncle
✓ Daughter of Father – in – Law/Mother –in – Law of Father = Mother / Aunt
✓ Father of Wife/Husband = Father – in – Law
✓ Mother of Wife/Husband = Mother – in – Law
✓ Children of same parents = Siblings
✓ Father’s / Mother’s only son/daughter = Oneself
✓ Son of Father or Mother = Brother
✓ Daughter of Father or Mother = Sister
✓ Son of second Wife of Father = Step Brother
✓ Daughter of Second Wife of Father = Step Sister
✓ Son / Daughter of Uncle/Aunt = Cousin
✓ Brother of Husband or Wife = Brother – in – Law
✓ Sister of Husband or Wife = Sister – in – Law
✓ Husband of Sister/ Sister – in - Law = Brother – In – Law
✓ Son of Father = Oneself / Brother
✓ Mother of Son/ Daughter = Oneself/ Wife
✓ Father of Daughter / Son = Oneself/Husband
✓ Son of Son of Grand Mother/ Grand Father = Cousin/Oneself/Brother
✓ Daughter of Son of Grand Mother/Grand Father = Cousin / Oneself / Sister
✓ Son of Brother or Sister = Nephew
✓ Daughter of Brother or Sister = Niece
✓ Grandson of Father/Mother = Son / Nephew
✓ Grand Daughter of Father / Mother = Daughter / Niece
✓ Husband of Daughter = Son – in – Law

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
✓ Wife of Brother / Brother – in – Law = Sister – in - Law
✓ Wife of Son = Daughter – in – Law Son of Son/Daughter = Grandson
✓ Daughter of Son/Daughter = Grand Daughter
✓ Son’s/ Daughter’s Grandson = Great Grand Son
✓ Son’s /Daughter’s Grand daughter = Great Grand Daughter

How to Draw a Family Diagram (Important Symbols)

Below are the some basic important symbols used to present the family
relationships easily. On the basis of following diagram, you can find any blood
relationships easily and quickly.

Some Basic Important blood relationships are shown below through diagram.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Lets Do Some Practice

Q1. Pinky, who is Victor's daughter, say to Lucy, "Your Mother Rosy is the
younger sister of my Father, who is the third child of Joseph." How is Joseph
related to Lucy?
a) Father - In – Law
b) Father

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
c) Maternal Uncle
d) Grand Father
Solution (Option D)

Joseph has three children, One is X, second is Victor and Third is Rosy. It is not
clear X is male or female. Rosy is the mother of Lucy so Joseph is the grandfather
of Lucy that is clearly shown in the above diagram
Q2. Mohan is the Son of Arun's Father's sister. Prakash is the son of Reva, who is
the mother of Vikas and Grandmother of Arun. Pranab is the father of Neela and
the grandfather of Mohan. Reva is the wife of Pranab. How is the wife of Vikas
related to the neela?
a) Sister
b) Sister - In - Law
c) Niece
d) None of The Above
Solution (Option B)

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
As the diagram shows that Vikas is Neela's brother so wife of Vikas will be Neela's
Sister - in - Law.
Q3. T, S and R are three brothers. T's son Q is married to K and they have one
child Rahul blessed to them. M the son of S is married to H and this couple is
blessed with a daughter Madhvi. R has a daughter N who is married to P. This
couple has one daughter Karuna born to them. How is Madhvi related to S?

a) Daughter
b) Niece
c) Grand Daughter
d) None of The Above
Solution (Option C)

In
the above diagram, its clearly shows that Madhvi is granddaughter of S.
Q4. Arti and Saurabh are the children of Mr and Mrs Shah. Ritu and Shakti are the
children of Mr and Mrs. Mehra. Saurabh and Ritu are married to each other and
two daughter Mukti and Shruti are born to them. Shakti is married to Rina and
two children Subhash and Reshma are born to them. How is Arti related to Shruti?
a) Mother
b) Mother - in - Law
c) Sister
d) Aunt
Solution (Option D)

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Arti is Aunt of Shruti. It can be seen clearly from the above diagram
Q5. In a family, there are seven persons, comprising two married couples. T is the
son of M and the grandson of K. M is a widower. M and R are brothers and W is
the daughter - in - Law of J, who is the mother of R and the grandmother of D.
How is D related to M?
a) Son
b) Son - in – Law
c) Nephew or Niece
d) Brother
Solution (Option C)

D is Nephew or Niece of M because gender of D is not specify in the question.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Concepts Regarding the Order and Ranking Topic

Case 1
Finding the total number of people when the ranks of one person are given

Total number of people = R1 + R2 - 1

Here R1 and R2 represent the rank of a person from both sides.

Ex: In a row, the position of Aman is 28th from the left side while the position
from the right-hand side of the row is 33rd. How many total numbers of people
are there in the row?

Total number of people = (Position of Aman from left side + position of Aman
from the right side) - 1

= (28 + 33) - 1 = 59

Also, to find the position of a person from the opposite side when the rank of one
side along with a total number of people is given.

= (Total number of people - position of the same from a given side) + 1

Case 2
When in a row, the position of two people is given and their positions are
interchanged. Also, after interchanging the position of the 1st person, it is given
from the similar side as before the interchanging.

So, the new position of the 2nd person from a similar side before interchanging
the = position of the 2nd person from the similar side before interchanging +
(position of a 1st person after interchanging - position of the 1st person before
interchanging from a similar side)

Total number of people = sum of positions of the people from both the sides - 1

Number of people between two people = Difference in the position of a person

whose position is from a similar side after and before interchanging is given - 1

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Ex. In a row of boys, Pramod us 14th from left and Kanu is 20th from the right. If
both of them interchange the position than Pramod becomes 17th from left.
Thus, what will be Kanu's position from the right?
Total no. of girls = right end + left end - 1
= 17 + 20 - 1 = 36
Kanu's position from right side = total girls – left end + 1
= 40 - 15 + 1 = 26
Order and Ranking Questions

Q. If Rashmi is taller than Manisha, Manisha is taller than Priyanka, Sugandha is

taller than Rashmi. Harsha is shorter than Priyanka; who among these girls is the
tallest?
A. Rashmi
B. Manisha
C. Sugandha
D. Priyanka
Answer: C. Sugandha

Examples 1Ram is taller than Mohan and Sohan, while Sohan is taller than
Shyam. Also, Mohan is taller than Sohan. Who amongst the following is the
shortest?

(A) Shyam (B) Mohan

(C) Ram (D) Sohan

Sol. (A) According to the question,

Ram > Mohan and Ram > Sohan
Sohan > Shyam
Mohan > Sohan

Ram Mohan Sohan Shyam

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Arranging the above data, we get
Ram > Mohan > Sohan > Shyam
Clearly, Shyam is the shortest.

Examples 2 In a row, position of Sandeep is 10th from left and 16th from right.
How many people are there in the row?
(A) 30 (B) 26

(C) 25 (D) 16
Sol. (C) Position of Sandeep from left (L) - 10
Position of Sandeep from right (R) = 16
 Total number of people in the row (L+R) - 1
= 10+ 16-1
= 25

Examples 3 In a queue of girls, Shama is 11th from the starting and 27th from
the last. How many girls are there in the queue?

(A) 37 (B) 43

(C) 35 (D) 36
Sol. (A) We know that, Total number of girls in queue
= (Rank of girl from starting + Rank of girl from last) - 1
= 11+ 27-1 = 37

classified into four categories. They are:

1. Circular arrangement
In this arrangement, the group is seated around a roundtable. And that is why in
these questions you need to make sure that the group is seated around the
roundtable as per the given conditions.

2. Linear arrangement
The arrangement here is in linear form i.e. the group should be arranged in a line.
A single row is formed the linear arrangement.

3. Rectangle arrangement

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
This type of arrangement is almost similar to the circular arrangement the only
notable difference being instead of roundtable there is a rectangle table in
between the group of people sitting

4. Double row arrangement

Normally, in this type of arrangement, there are two groups of people. You need
to arrange one group in one row and another group in another row. The people in
this arrangement normally face each other.

Now, we will discuss some of the tricks that can be used to solve this type of
question easily. This type of question can be asked based on two types of the
following information:

1. Direct information: This information will already be mentioned in the question.

You will be using this information to solve any question.
2. Indirect information: After you have filled the direct information, you need to
look for a different kind of information provided in the question and the
connection between them. This will form the indirect information.
It is important that you know the side the person is facing while arranging. Let's
look into some examples of linear arrangement to have a better idea.
Suppose there are seven people sitting facing South, the arrangement will be
something like this:

Left right

Now on the other, the other seven people are sitting facing North and their
arrangement is like this:

left right
1. X, Y, Z, P, Q, and S are sitting in a row. Q and S are in the center while X and Y
are at the ends. Z is sitting next to X on the left side. Who is sitting to the right of
Y?
A. P B.Q
C. X D. Y
This type of arrangement will be formed:

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Y P Q S Z X
Thus the correct answer is (3).

5. Circular Arrangement
For a rectangle or circular based arrangement, the group of people can be either
be sitting facing towards the circle or opposite of the circle. If they are looking
away from the centre than their left hand will be in the anticlockwise direction
and the right-hand side will be in the clockwise direction. This will be similar to
the figure given below.

While for the group looking towards the circle, their left hand will be clockwise
direction and right hand will be in the anticlockwise direction. This will be similar
to the figure given below.

This type of arrangement is for the rectangle arrangements as well. While solving
questions based on a rectangle or circular arrangement it is important that you
are well aware of the directions. And based on this you can determine the
clockwise and anticlockwise direction.

Based on Sitting Arrangement

Questions of seating arrange are based on a set of information containing certain
condition Candidates are required to arrange the object either in a row or in a
circle on the basis of such conditions

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Information given in the question is presented in distorted form to create
confusion and to test candidate's ability to analyse the information step by step in
order to answer the question correctly.

Examples 16 persons are sitting in a row. They are A, B, C, D, E and F. C is not

sitting beside D who is sitting on the extreme right. E is between A and C. A is not
sitting beside F and D. Bis between F and D. Who is at immediate right of A?

(A) B (B) C (C)D (D) E

Sol. (D) According to the question, the arrangement is as follows.
Left A E C F B D Right

Clearly, E is sitting to the immediate right of A.

Examples 2 A, B, C and D are playing cards. A and C and B and D are partners. D
is to the right of C. The face of C is towards West. Find the direction that D is
facing.

(A) West (B) East

(C) South (D) North

SOL (C) Arrangement according to the question is as follows

D N
Right A C W E

B S

Clearly, D is facing South.

Examples 3 Six persons are sitting in a circle facing the centre of the circle.
Parikh is between Babita and Narendra. asha is between Chitra and Pankaj. Chitira
is to the immediate left of Babita Who is to the immediate right of Babita?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) Parikh (B) Pankaj

(C) Narendra (D) Chitra

Sol . (A) On the basis of information

Asha

Chitra Pankaj

Babita Narendra

Parikh

Clearly, Parikh is to the immediate right of Babita.

Direction
Direction is a measurement of position of one thing with respected to another
thing.
Displacement is the measurement of distance between initial and the final point.
Here the candidate's ability to trace and follow the logical path correctly and
sense of direction correctly as well. Direction and distance test mainly deals with
two types of direction i.e. main direction and cardinal direction

Main Direction
There are four types of directions, viz. East West North and South. Sun rises in the
East. Just opposite of East is West and South is in the opposite to North.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Abbreviations for these directions are E (East), W (West), N (North) and S (South).

Cardinal Directions
A direction between two main directions is called cardinal direction. Clearly,
there are four cardinal directions.
They are
o N-E (North-East)
o N-W (North-West)
o S-E (South-East) and
o S-W (South-West)
We should use the diagram as given in question for the purpose of sensing
directions.

Note:- Angle formed between two main directions is 90o and angle formed
between a cardinal direction and main direction is 45 o

Rotation of Angles
To solve angle movement questions. It is necessary to know about the rotations
of angles which are given below

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

i) For right direction movement (Clockwise)

ii) For left direction movement (Anti-clockwise)

Left turn Anti-clockwise direction

Right turn Clockwise direction
The Change in Direction when a Person or Vehicle Takes A Right or a Left Turn
Direction before Direction in which the person or vehicle will be moving
taking the turn after taking the turn
Right Left
North East West
South West East
East South North
West North South

The distance from a point is ‘P’ in horizontal direction and a distance of ‘Q’ in
vertical direction is equal to

Pythagoras Theorem
I. QR2 = QP2 + PR2 or QR=

II. QP2 = QR2– PR2 or QP =

III. PR2 = QR2 – QP2 or PR=

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Shadow Case
In morning/ Sunrise time
a) If a person facing towards Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in west.
b) If a person facing towards South, the shadow will be towards his right.
c) If a person facing towards West, the shadow will be towards his front.

d) If a person facing towards North, the shadow will be towards his left.
In evening/ Sunset time
a) If a person facing towards Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in East.
b) If a person facing towards North, the shadow will be towards his right.
c) If a person facing towards East, the shadow will be towards his front.
d) If a person facing towards South, the shadow will be towards his left.
Note- At 12:00 noon is no shadow because the rays of the Sun are vertically
downward.

Examples
1 After starting from a point, A wall 3 km towards East, then turning to his
left he move 3 km. After this, he again turns left and moves 3 km. In which
3 km
direction is A from his starting point?
(A) North (B) East
(C) West (D) South Final point Nort
3 km h
Sol. (A) According to the question,
3 km Wes East
Starting point t
Sout
h
South Thus, A is in North direction from his starting point.

2 Ankit started walking towards North. After walking 30 m, he turned

towards left and walked 40 m. He then turned left and walked 30 m. He
again turned left and walked 50 m. How far is he from his original position?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 10 m (B) 40 m
(C) 30. m (D) None of these
Nort
C 40 m
B h
Sol. (A)

30 m Wes East
30 m t

10 m Sout
h
D A E
40 m Starting point

The final position of Ankit is E and starting point is A. Therefore, he is only

10 m away from his starting point. Hence, answer is the option (A),

3 Lakshman went 15 km to the West from his house, then turned left and
walked 20 km, he again turned towards East and walked 25 km and finally
turned left and covered 20 km, how far is he now from his house?
Nort
(A) 15 km (B) 20 km h
(C) 25 km (D) 10 km
Wes East
t
Sout
h
Sol. (D)
15 km E

B A

20 km 20 km

D
C 25 km

Points A and E show the starting and end positions respectively of

Lakshman. From the diagram given above it is clear that E is 10 km away
from A.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

4 Ram walks 15 km to the West. Then, he turns South and walks 4 km.
Again he turns to the East direction and walks 12 km. How far is he from
his original position?
(A) 3 km (B) 4 km
(C) 5 km (D) 6 km
Sol. (C) Original N
position
15 km E
B A
W E

4 km S

12 km
C D

According to the above figure,

AB = 15 km, BC = 4km
CD = 12 km, ED = BC = 4 km
EA = AB - BE, EA = 15 - 12 = 3 km
AD = √AE 2 + DE 2
= √32 + 42
= √9 + 16
= √25 = 5 km
5 Mahesh walks 20 m North. Then, he turns right and walks 30 m. Now, he
turns right and walks 35 m. Now turning left, he walks 15 m. Again, he turns
left and moves 15 m. In which direction and how far is he from his original
position?
(A) 15 m, East (B) 45 m, East
(C) 15 m, West (D) 45 m, West
Sol. (B)
30 m
B C

20 m 35 m

F (Final point)
A 15 m
Starting point
D 15 m E

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Mahesh's distance from his original position,
AF = BC + DE = 30 + 15 = 45 m
Also, Flies to East of ‘A’.

Ages
In this type of questions, information is given about the present (current) age or
the age of some years before or the age of some years after of some persons and
candidates have to find the answer to the question based on this information.
If the present age of A is x, then age t years later hence is equal to x + t and age t
years ago is equal to x - t.

Examples
1 A father is twice as old as his son. 20 yr.
back, he was 12 times as old as his son. What is the present age of father?
he present a
(A) 44 yr. (B) 23 yr.
(C) 42 yr. (D) 49 yr.
Sol. (A)
Let the present age of son be 𝒳 yr.
∴Present age of father is 2𝒳 yr.
According to the question,
12(𝒳 - 20) = 2𝒳 -20
12𝒳 – 240 = 2𝒳 - 20
10𝒳 = 220
220
x = =22
10
Present age of father = 2 x 22
= 44 yr.
2 The ratio of present ages of two children is 5 : 6. Two years hence, the ratio will
be 7:8. What will be the ratio of their ages after 12 yr.?
(A) 22 : 24 (B) 16 : 16
(C) 17 : 18 (D) 11 : 12

Sol. (C)
Let the present ages are 5 yr. and 6 yr.
According to the question,

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
5𝒳+2 7
=8
6𝒳+2

40x + 16 = 42x + 14
x=1

Hence, their ages after 12 yr. will be 17 yr. and 18 yr.

respectively.
17
Required Ratio = = 17:18
18
3. Shivani is 60 years old and Ritu is 80 years old. How many years ago their age
ratio was 4:6?
(A). 10 years (B). 15 years
(C). 20 years (D). 25 years
sol. (C)
Let us assume x years ago
At present Shivani is 60 years old and Ritu is 80 years old.
X years ago : Shivani's age = (60-x) and Ritu's age (80-x)
Ratio of their ages x years ago was 4:6
(60-x) / (80-x) = 4/6
6 (60-x) = 4 (80-x)
360-6x = 320-4x
6x - 4x = 360 - 320
2x = 40
X = 20
Therefore, 20 years ago their age ratio was 4:6

4. What is John's present age, if 10 years later his age will be 5 times his age 6
years
ago?
(A). 16.2 years (B). 7.7 years
(C). 8.7 years (D). 10 years
sol. (D)
Let John's present age be X
John's age 6 years ago = (X-6)
John's age 10 years later = (X+10)

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
We are given that John's age after 10 years (x + 10) is 5 times his age 5 years ago
(X- 6).
Therefore, (x +10) = 5 (x-6)
Solving the equation, we get
X + 10 = 5(x-6)
X+10 = 5x - 30
4x = 40
x= 10

CALENDAR
A calendar is the record of all the days of the year.
• The smallest unit of a calendar is a day.
• A week is group of 7 days.
• A month is 12th part of a year.
• A year is the time taken by Earth to complete one revolution around the
Sun.
• A period of 100 years is called a century.

There are two types of years.

(a) Ordinary year An ordinary year is a year which has 365 days. Such years are
not divisible by 4. e.g., 2001, 2002, 2003 etc. Ordinary years in the form of century
are not exactly divisible by 400. e.g., 900, 1800, 2100, etc.

(b) Leap year A leap year is a year which has 366 days. Such years are exactly
divisible by 4. e.g. 2004, 2008, 2012 etc. Leap year in a form of century are exactly
divisible by 400. e.g. 2000, 2400, 2800 etc. &

Odd days In a given period, the number of days more than the complete weeks
are called odd days. Or, we can say, when total number of days is divided by 7,
then the remainder is called odd days.
1 ordinary year = 365 days = (52 weeks + 1 day)
1 leap year = 366 days = (52 weeks + 2 days)

→ Odd Days in Century Years

100 yr = 76 ordinary years + 24 leap years

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
= (76 x 1+ 24 x 2) odd days
= 124 odd days
= (17 weeks + 5 days)
= 5 odd days
Number of odd days in 100 yr. = 5
:. Number of odd days in 200 yr.
= (5 x 2) = 10 = (7 + 3) = 3 odd days

• Number of odd days in 300 yr.

= 5x 3 = 15 days
= 2 weeks +1 day
= 1 oda day
Number of odd days in 400 yr.
= (5x 4) +1 (for leap year)
= 20 + 1 = 21 days
= 3 weeks = 0 odd day
The first day of century cannot be Wednesday, Friday and Sunday
The last day of century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday,

How to Find the Day on a Particular Date?

In order to find a particular day on the basis of given day and date the following
steps are to be taken.
Step I Find the total number of odd days between the reference date and the
date for which the day is to be determined (exclude the reference day but count
the given day for counting the total number of odd days)

Step II
(a) If the reference day was before that
particular date, The day of the week on the particular date is equal to the total
number of odd days ahead of the reference day.
(b) If the reference day was ahead of that particular date, The day of the week on
the particular date is equal to number of odd days before the reference day.
Note in order to find a day on a particular date, when reference day is not given,
you have to find the number of odd days upto that date. Your required day will be
determined according to the given table,

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Day of the Week Related to Odd Days
Number of days Day
O Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday

Examples
1 If March 27, 2011 was Sunday, what was the day on June 27, 2012?
(A) Monday (B) Wednesday
(C) Sunday (D) Saturday
Sol. (B) Day on 27 March 2011 = Sunday
Number of odd days from 27 March 2011 to 27 June
2011= 4 + 30 + 31+ 27 = 92
= 13 week + 1.odd day
Hence, day on 17 June 2011 = Sunday +1
= Monday
Now, as 2012 is a leap year
Day on 27 June 2012 = Monday + 2
= Wednesday,

2 I have a calendar of year 1997. When can I use it again?

(A) 2001 (B) 2003
(C) 2005 (D) 2007
Sol. (B) The year 1997 has 365 days, i.e., 1 odd day, year
1998 has 365 days, i.e., 1 odd day. Likewise year
1999, 2001 and 2002 have 1 odd day each and year
2000 has 366 days, i.e., 2 odd' days.
The sum of odd days, so calculated from years
1997–2002= 1+ 1+ 1+ 2+ 1+ 1 = 7 days
= 0 odd days.

Hence, the year 2003 will have the same calendar as that of the year 1997.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
3. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week Jan 1, 2010?
(A) Monday (B) Wednesday
(C) Sunday (D) Friday
Sol.(D)
On 31st December, 2005 it was Saturday.
Number of odd days from the year 2006 to the year 2009 = (1 + 1
+ 2 + 1) = 5 days.
On 31st December 2009, it was Thursday.
Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.

4.Today is Monday. After 61 days, it will be:

(A) Monday (B) Tuesday
(C) Saturday (D) Sunday
Sol.(C)
Each day of the week is repeated after 7 days.
So, after 63 days, it will be Monday.
. After 61 days, it will be Saturday.

5.On 8th Dec, 2007 Saturday falls. What day of the week was it on 8th Dec, 2006?
(A)Saturday (B) Friday
(C) Thursday (D) Sunday
Sol.(B)
The year 2006 is an ordinary year. So, it has 1 odd day.
So, the day on 8th Dec, 2007 will be 1 day beyond the day on 8th Dec, 2006.
But, 8th Dec, 2007 is Saturday.
.: 8th Dec, 2006 is Friday.

FRACTIONS
Basically, a fraction describes how a part of a group relates to the whole group.
Fractions represent complete groups that have been fractured or broken apart in
some way. Fractions help us understand how those pieces fit into the original
group. When we look at a fraction, we look at the number that represents the
pieces (the fractured section) on the top of the division line. Such number on the
top is called as the numerator. The number on the bottom of line represents how
many total parts are in the group and this number is called as the denominator.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
To easily tell these two parts of the fraction apart, just remember that
denominator and down both start with the letter d.
Fraction = Part/Whole = Numerator/Denominator
If there are 5 apples in a cartoon of 12 apples, then the fraction of apples for the
whole would be represented
5
as = .
12

There can be various types of fractions:

Common fraction: A common fraction is a number written with a numerator and
a denominator, in which both are natural numbers. For example,
5 7
, , etc.
12 12

Proper fraction: A proper fraction that is less than 1 is known as proper fraction,
1 3
such as , , . A proper fraction has the same name as that ratio.
2 4

Mixed number fraction: It is basically a whole number plus a proper fraction.

1 1
For example: 2 = 2 +
3 3

Improper fractions: If we divide each whole unit into thirds, say, and keep
counting them, then we
3 4 5
will come to , , and so on.
3 3 3

That is, we will come to fractions that are equal to or greater than
1. We call those improper fractions. How to convert an improper fraction to a
mixed number or a whole number?
9 1
For example: = 4
2 2

Divide the numerator by the denominator. Write the quotient (4) and write the
remainder (1) as the numerator of the fraction, do not change the denominator.
• Fractions can be added, Substracted, multiplied or divided also.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
• A fraction in which there is no common factor, except 1, in its numerator and
denominator is called a fraction in the simplest or lowest form. Fractions with
same denominators are called like fractions and if the denominators are
different, then they are called unlike fractions.
• Fractions can be compared by converting them into like fractions and then
arranging them in ascending or descending order.
• Addition (or subtraction) of like fractions is mostly done by adding (or
subtracting) their numerators. Addition (or subtraction) of unlike fractions can
be done by converting them into like fractions.
• Fractions with denominators 10,100, etc., can be written in a form, using a
decimal point called decimal numbers or decimals.
• Place value of the place immediately after the decimal point (i.e., tenth place)
is 1 10 , that of next place (i.e., hundredths place) is 1 100 and so on.
• Fractions can be converted into decimals by writing them in the form with
denominators 10,100 and so on. Similarly, decimals can be converted into
fractions by removing their decimal points and writing 10,100, etc., in the
denominators depending upon the number of decimal places in the decimals.
• Decimal numbers can be compared by using the idea of place value, then they
can be arranged in ascending or descending order.
• Decimals can be added (or subtracted) by writing them with equal number of
decimal places.
• Many of our daily life problems can be solved by converting different units of
measurements, such as money, length, weight, etc., in the decimal form and
then adding (or subtracting) them.
3 1
EX. 1 In a class, th of the students do not know either English or Hindi. But th of
4 6
the students know English. How many students know both English and Hindi if
students who know Hindi are 1 8 th of tota students in the class?
𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟒
Explanation
𝟑
th do not know English or Hindi
𝟒
1
So th know English or Hindi or both
4
1
1 6 th know English and th know Hindi
8

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
1 1 1 1
Now, − − = −
4 6 8 24
𝟏
Answer:
𝟐𝟒

3
Ex.2 of a group of children were girls. If there were 24 girls, then how many
5
children were there in the group?
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 40 (d) 42
Solution

24 unit

3 units = 24
1 unit = 24 ÷ 3 = 8
5 units = 5 × 8 = 40
There were 40 children in the group.
Ex.3 Sham had 120 teddy bears in his retail store. He sold 2 3 of them at `12 each.
How much did he receive?
(a) 80 (b) 85 (c) 90 (d) 92
Solution
Step 1: Find the number of teddy bears sold.
2 2 × 120
× 120 = = 80
3 3

He sold 80 teddy bears.

Step 2: Find how much money he received.

80 × 12 = 960
He received `960.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Ex. 4 A fraction is divided by reciprocal of itself. It is then multiplied by the original
25
fraction. What is the fraction if the answer obtained is 11 ?
64
9 27 9 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 8 3

Explanation:
Let the fraction be A.
A 25
As per given condition, 1 × A = 11
64
A
729
A3 =
64
9
A=
4
𝟗
Answer:
𝟒
EX. 5 Which of the following is in descending order?
5 9 11 5 11 9 9 11 5 11 9 5
(a) ; ; (b) ; ; (c) ; ; (d) ; ;
8 13 17 8 17 13 13 17 8 17 13 8

Explanation:
In such fractions, you can either divide directly or you can use the following way.

Tip
𝑎 𝑐
In two fraction, and
𝑏 𝑑
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
If ad>cd, then 𝑏 > 𝑑 ; 𝑎𝑑 < 𝑐𝑑, then 𝑏 < 𝑑 and
𝑎 𝑐
ad =cd , then 𝑏 = 𝑑

First let’s compare 5 8 with 9 13 and 5 8 with 11 17

ad = 5 × 13 = 65 ad = 5 × 17 = 85
bc = 8 × 9 = 72 bc = 11 × 8 = 88 85 < 88
5 11
65 < 72 ∴ <
8 17
5 9
∴ <
8 13
𝟓
∴ Smallest is
𝟖

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
9 11
Now let’s compare with
13 17

ad = 9 × 17 = 153
bc = 13 × 11 = 143
153 > 143
9
∴ is largest
13
9 11 5
So, the descending order is > > .
18 17 8
𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
Answer: ; ;
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟖
1 1
Ex. 6 Eiffel tower’s th part is painted bronze. th of the remaining part is
5 4
painted maroon. Rest of the Eiffel tower has golden color. If the height of this
golden colored part is 450m, then what is Eiffel towers’ height?
(a) 2250 m (b) 1250 m (c) 1000 m (d) 750 m
Explanation

Let the Eiffel tower be of 100 m.

1
th of 100 = 20 m is bronze
5
1 1
th of the remaining = th of (100 – 20) = 20 m is maroon.
4 4

Rest = 100 – 20 – 20 = 60 m is golden

60 m golden for 100 m tower

450 m golden for ? m tower

∴ ? = 750m = Height of Eiffel tower Answer: 750 m

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

TIME AND WORK

Points for recapitulation while solving problems on time and work:
1
1. If a person can do a piece of work in ‘m’ days, he can do of the work in 1 day.
m

2. If the number of persons engaged to do a piece of work be increased (or

decreased) in a certain ratio the time required to do the same work will be
decreased (or increased) in the same ratio.
3. If A is twice as good a workman as B, then A will take half the time taken by B
to do a certain piece of work.
4. Time and work are always in direct proportion.
5. If two taps or pipes P and Q take ‘m’ and ‘n hours respectively to fill a cistern or
1 1
tank, then the two pipes together fill( + ) part of the tank in 1 hour and the
m n
1 mn
entire tank is filled in 1 1 = hours.
+ m+n
m n

Examples: 1. If 12 man can do a piece of work in 36 days. In how many days 18

men can do the same work?
Solution: 12 men can do a work in 36 days. 18 men can do the work in 36 18 12 ×
= 24 days.
Note: If the number of men is increased, the number of days to finish the work
will decrease.
2. A and B can finish a work in 12 days. B and C can finish the same work in 18
days. C and A can finish in 24 days. How many days will take for A, B and C
combined together to finish the same amount of work?
Solution:
A and B can finish the work in 12 days.
1
(A+B) Can finish in 1 day of the work.
12
1
Similarly (B+C) can finish in of the work.
18
1
(C+A) can finish in of the work.
24
1 1 1
2(A+B+C) can finish in 1 day ( + + ) of the work.
12 18 24

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
6+4+3 13
= = of the work.
72 72
(A+B+C) can finish in 1 day = 144 13 of the work.

∴(A+B+C) can together finish the work in 13 144 = 13 1 11 days.

3. A, B and C earn Rs.120 per day while A and C earn Rs.80 per day and B and C
earn Rs.66 per day. Find C’s earning only.
Solution:
(A+B+C) earn per day Rs.120⇒ (1)
(A+C) earn per day Rs.80⇒ (2)
(B+C) earn per day Rs.66 ⇒ (3)
From (1) and (2), we find that C earns Rs.40
From (3) we get,
That B earns 26 since C earns Rs.40

4. A and B can finish a work in 16 days, while A alone can do the same work in
24 days. In how many days, B alone can finish the same work?
Solution:
A and B can finish a work in 16 days.
1
(A+B) can finish in one day of the work.
16
1
A alone can finish in one day of the work.
24
The amount of work that B alone can do in one day
1 1 3−2 1
− = = of the work.
16 24 48 48
B alone can complete the work in 48 days.

TIME AND DISTANCE

s
1. Speed v = where s = Total distance t = Total time
t

2. s = vt
s
3. t =
v

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
4. The relative velocity of two bodies moving at velocities u and v(u>v) in the
same direction is u – v. 5. The relative velocity of two bodies moving in opposite
directions is u + v.
6. A train or a moving body of known length has to travel its own length in passing
a lamppost or a fixed body of insignificant size.
7. A train or a moving body must travel its own length plus the length of the
stationary body in question, if the train or the moving body has to pass a
stationary body i.e. a bridge, a railway platform etc.
8. Motion downstream or upstream: Velocity of boat downstream = u + v Velocity
of boat upstream = u – v Where ‘u’ is the velocity of the boat in still waters and ‘v’
is the velocity of the stream.
9. If a man changes his speed in the ratio u : v, the corresponding ratio of times
will be v : u
Examples
1. A train travels 18 km/hr. How many metres will it travel in 12 minutes.
Sol:
Distance travelled in 1 hour i.e. 60 minutes = 18 km
= 18×1000 metres.
18×1000×12
∴ Distance travelled in 12 minutes =
60

= 3600 metres.
2. A passenger train running at 60 km/hr leaves the railway station 5 hours after a
goods train had left and overtakes it in 4 hours. What is the speed of the goods
train?
Sol:
Let the speed of the goods train be x km/hr.
Distance travelled by goods train before the passenger train overtakes it
= Speed × time
= x (5 + 4) = 9x km -------(1)
Distance traveled by passenger train before it overtakes the goods train
= 60 × 4 = 240 km -------(2)

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Equate (1) and (2), We get 9x = 240
240 2
x= = 26 km/hr
9 3

3. A train 300 m. long passes a pole in 15 sec. Find the speed.

Sol:
Distance= 300 m
Time = 15 sec
distance 300
∴ Speed = = = = 20 m/sec
time 15
4. A wheel rotates 12 times in a minute and moves 5 metres during each rotation.
What is the time taken for the wheel to move through 930 metres?
Sol:
For one rotation, distance moved = 5 metres
For 12 rotations, distance moved = 12 × 5 = 60 metres
Distance covered in 1 minute = 60 metres
Total distance covered by the wheel = 930 minutes
930
Total time taken = = 15.5 minuts.
30

AVERAGE
𝐬𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 =
𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
EXAMPLES:
1. The average age of 30 kids is 9 years. If the teacher’s age is included, the average
age becomes 10 years. What is the teacher’s age?
Total age of 30 children = 30 × 9 = 270 yrs. Average age of 30 children and 1
teacher = 10 yrs
Total of their ages = 31 × 10 = 310 yrs
Teacher’s age = 310 – 270 = 40
2. The average of 6 numbers is 8. What is the 7th number, so that the average
becomes 10? Let x be the 7th number
Total of 6 numbers = 6 × 8 = 48

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
48+x
We are given that = = 10
7
x = 22
3. Five years ago, the average of Raja and Rani’s ages was 20 yrs. Now the average
age of Raja, Rani and Rama is 30 yrs. What will be Rama’s age 10 yrs. hence?
Total age of Raja and Rani 5 years ago = 40
Total age of Raja and Rani now = 40 + 5 + 5 = 50
Total age of Raja, Rani and Rama now = 90
Rama’s age now = 90 – 50 = 40
Rama’s age after 10 years = 50
4. The average of 8 numbers is 21. Find the average of new set of numbers when 8
multiplies every number.
Total of 8 numbers = 168
Total of new 8 numbers = 168 × 8 = 1344
1344
Average of new set = = 168
8
5. The average of 30 innings of a batsman is 20 and another 20 innings is 30. What is
the average of all the innings?
Total of 50 innings = (30 × 20 + 20 × 30) = 1200
1200
Average = = = 24
50

Percentages, Profit and Loss

Percentages
x
1. x% =
100

xy
2. x% of y =
100

yx
3. y% of x =
100

4. 4. x% of y = y% of x
py 100x
5. x = p% of y ⇒x = →= y =
100 p
100x 100 1002
∴y = × % of x or y = of x.
p x p

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Problems:
1. 35% of a number is 175. What % of 175 is the number?
Sol.
35
Let ‘x’ be the number × x = 175
100
100
∴ x =175 × = 500
35
500
∴ Required percentage = × 100 = 285.71%
175

2. What is the number whose 30% is 150

Sol.
Let x be the number whose 30% is 150
30
∴ × x = 150
100
150×100
∴x = = 500
30

3. A man’s wages were reduced by 40%. Again, the reduced wages were increased
by 40%. Find the percentage decrease in his original wages.
Sol.
Assume the initial wages to be Rs.100/-
Then wages after reduction of 40% = Rs.60
After 40% increase on the reduced wages, new wages
140
= × 60 = Rs. 84
100
Percentage of decrease on his initial wages = 100 – 84 = 16%
4. An Engineering student has to secure 45% marks for a pass. He gets 153 marks
and fails by 27 marks. Find the maximum marks.
Sol.
Passing marks = 153 + 27 = 180
If passing mark is at 45, total marks must be 100. Since 180 is the passing mark,

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
180×100
max.marks = = 400marks
45

5. Anand gets 15% more marks than Arun. What % of marks does Arun get less than
Anand?
Sol.
Let us assume, Arun gets 100 marks. Anand gets 115 marks In comparison to
Anand, the % of marks Arun gets less than Anand
15 × 100
= = 13.04%
115

Profit and Loss

1. Profit = S.P – C.P Where S.P = Selling Price
a. C.P = Cost Price
2. Loss = C.P – S.P
100×actual profit
3. Profit percentage = =
c.p.

100×actual loss
4. Loss percentage = =
c.p.

100+profir% 100−loss%
5.sp = × c. p. or sp = × c. p.
100 100
100 100
6. cp = × sp or sp = × sp
100+profit% 100−loss%

7. Two successive discounts of m% and n% on the listed price < (m + n)% of the
listed price(see (7) and (8) below).
m
8. Sale price after first discount of m% = List price × (1 − )
100
m n
9. Sale price after two discounts of m% and n% = List price (1 − ) (1 − 100)
100

Some important points to remember:

1. If m% and n% are two consecutive discounts on a scale, then the

equivalent single discount
mn
= (m + n − )%
100

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
2. If m%, n% and p% be three consecutive discounts, then the single
100−(100−m)(100−n)(100−p)
equivalent discount [ ]%
100×100
100−rate of discount
3. S.P = M.P [ ]ofrate discount where M.P- Marked
100
Price, S.P-Selling Price
100×sp
4. M.P =
100−rate of discount

PROBLEMS:
1. Mr. A buys an article for Rs.350 and sells to Rs.420, find his
percentage profit.
C.P = Rs.350
S.P = Rs.420
Profit on C.P = 420 – 350 = 70
70
∴% profit on C.P = × 100 = 20%
350

2. A fruit seller sells mangoes at the rate of Rs.50 for 10 mangoes. For getting a
profit of 60%, how many mangoes he would have purchased for Rs.50?
S.P of 10 mangoes = Rs.50
Profit % = 60%
sp×100 50×100
C.P of 10 mangoes = = = 31.25
100+p 160
For Rs.31.25, he bought 10 mangoes
50×10
For 50 rupees he bought = 16 mangoes
31.25
∴He would have bought 16 mangoes for 50 rupees and sold at 10 mangoes
for Rs.50 to earn a profit of 60%

3. A man bought 11 oranges for 7 rupees and sold 7 oranges for 11 rupees. Find
his profit percentage.
C.P of 11 oranges = 7 rupees.
C.P of 1 orange = 11 7 rupees
S.P of 7 oranges = 11 rupees

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
S.P of 1 orange = 7 11 rupees
11 7 121−49 72
Profit = = − = =
7 11 77 77
72/77 72 11
Profit % = × 100 = × × 100 = 146.938%
7/11 77 7

SIMPLE INTEREST AND COMPOUND INTEREST

NOTATIONS:
P – Principal, A = Amount, I = Interest, T = Time, R = Rate of
interest per annum.
FORMULAE:
1. A = P + I
PRT
2. I =
100
100I
3.T =
PR
100I
4. P =
RT
100I
5.R =
PT

COMPOUND INTEREST
Nomenclature: A – Amount (Compounded)
P – Principal
R – Rate of interest per annum
N – Number of years or Number of periods
C.I – Compound Interest
Formulae:
R 2
A = P (1 + ) = Compounded Amount
100

CI = A – P
PROBLEMS:

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
1. The difference between the SI and CI on a sum of money at 4% per annum
for 2 yrs is 45. Find the sum.
Method 1:
100 2
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑑. 𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝐷 × ( )
𝑅

Where D is the difference between S.I. and C.I. and R = Rate Percent
D = 45 rupees
R = 4%
100 2
Sum = 45 × ( ) = 28125 rupees.
4

Note: When ‘d’ is the difference between the CI and the SI in 3 years and R is
the rate percent, then the sum invested is given by
d(100)3
sum =
R2 (300+R)

2. If the compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years at 5% p.a. is 92 rupees.

What would be the simple interest at the same rate for 2 years?

Method:
2 × CI
SI = R = (formula)
2+
100

2×92 184
SI = 5 = 2.05 = 89.75
2+
100

Divisibility Tests
There are following rules to test the divisibility by different numbers
Divisibility by 2
When the last digit of a number is either 0 or even, then the number is divisible by
2
For example 12, 86, 472, 520, 1000 etc., are divisible by 2

Divisibility by 3

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
When the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, then the number is
divisible by 3
For example, (j) 1233 1 +2+3+3=9, which is divisible by 3, so 1233 must be
divisible by 3.

Divisibility by 4
When the number made by last two digits of a number is divisible by 4, then that
particular number is divisible by 4. Apart from this, the number having two or
more at the end, is also divisible by 4.
For example (i) 6428 is divisible by 4 as the number made by its last two digits, i.e.
28 is divisible by 4

Divisibility by 5
Numbers having 0 or 5 at the end are divisible by 5.
For example 45, 4350, 135, 14850 etc., are divisible by 5 as they have 0 or 5 at the
end.

Divisibility by 6
When a number is divisible by both 3 and 2, then that particular number is
divisible by 6 also.
For example 18, 36, 720, 1440 etc., are divisible by 6 as they are divisible by both
3 and 2

Divisibility by 7
A number is divisible by 7 when the difference between twice the digit at ones
place and the number formed by other digits is either zero or a multiple of 7.
For example 658 is divisible by 7, because 65 - 2x8= 65 – 16 = 49.
As 49 is divisible by 7, so the number 658 is also divisible by 7.

Divisibility by 8
When the number made by last three digits of a number is divisible by 8, then the
number is also divisible by 8. Apart from this, if the last three or more digits of a
number are zero, then the number is divisible by 8.
For example (1) 2256 As 256 (the last three digits of 2256) is divisible by 8,
therefore 2256 is also divisible by 8.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Divisibility by 9
When the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 9, then the number is
also divisible by 9.
For example, 0936819 9+3+6+8+1+9 = 36, which is divisible by 9. Therefore,
936819 is also divisible by 9.

Divisibility by 10.
When a number ends with zero, then it is divisible by 10.
For example 20, 40, 150, 123450, 478970 etc. are divisible by 10, as they all end
with zero.

Divisibility by 11 ·
When the sum of digits at odd and even places are equal or differ by a number
divisible by 11, then the number is also divisible by 11.
For example (i) 2865423 Let us see
Sum of digits at odd places (A)= 2 + 6 + 4+ 3 = 15
Sum of digits at even places (B) = 8+ 5+? = 15 : (A = B)
Hence, 2865423 is divisible by 11

Divisibility by 12
A number which is divisible by both 4 and 3, is also divisible by 12.
For example 2244 is divisible by both 3 and 4. Therefore, it is divisible by 12 also,

Divisibility by 14
A number which is divisible by both 7 and 2, is also divisible by 14.
For example 1232 is divisible by both 7 and 2. Therefore, it is divisible by 14 also.

Divisibility by 15
A number which is divisible by both 5 and 3, is also divisible by 15.
For example 1275 is divisible by both 5 and 3. Therefore, it is divisible by 15 also.

Divisibility by 16

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
A number is divisible by 16 when the number made by its last 4 digits is divisible
by 16.
For example 126304 is divisible by 16 as the number made by its last 4 digits, i.e.
6304 is divisible by 16

Divisibility by 18
A number is divisible by 18 when it is even and divisible by 9,
For example 936198 is divisible by 18 as it is even and divisible by 9.

Divisibility by 25
A number is divisible by 25 when its last 2 digits are either zero or divisible by 25.
For example 500, 1275, 13550 are divisible by 25 as last 2 digits of these numbers
are either zero or divisible by 25.

Number System
A system, in which we study face and place values of the digits in a number,
different types of number, divisibility tests by different number etc. is called
number system.
• In a numeral, the face value of a digit is the value of the digit itself
irrespective of its place in the numeral.
For example, In the numeral 48532, the face value of 5 is 5.
• In a numeral (number), the place value of a digit changes according to the
change of
the change of its place
For example, In the number 28354, the place value of 3 equals place value of
hundredth digit i.e.
= (Digit at hundredth place)× 102
= 3 x 102 = 300
• Counting number are called natural numbers and those are denoted by N.
For example, N = {1,2,3.......}
• All natural numbers along with zero form a set of whole numbers and these are
denoted by W.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
For example, W = {0,1,2,3.......}
• Whole numbers and negative numbers form is the set of integers and these are
denoted by I. For example,
I = {........ - 4.-3. - 2.- 1.0,1,2, 3. 4.......}
• A counting number, which is divisible by 2, is called an even number.
For example 2, 4, 6, 8, .......
• A counting number, which is not divisible by 2, is known as an odd number.
For example 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
• A counting number is called prime number when it is exactly divisible by only 1
and itself.
For example 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .........
Examples
1. Find the sum of face value and place value of 8 in 43836.
(A) 88 (B) 808 (C) 880 (D) 888
Sol. (B) Place value of 6 = 800
Face value of 8 = 8
: Required suni = 800+ 8 = 808
2. The number of all prime numbers less than 40 is
(A) 15 (B) 18 (C) 17 (D) 12
Sol. (D) There are 12 prime numbers less than 40 which
are 2.3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31.37. place.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

MENSURATION
Areas of 2 dimensional Figures:
Sr. no Name of figure figure perimeter Area Nomenclature

1 Triangle A a+b+c 1 a,b,c-sides

ah
2 h-altitute
a b
h

B A c C
2 Right angle a+b+c 1 a,b,c sides
ab
Triangle 2 c-Hypotenuse
b
b-base,
B C a-hight
c
3 Equilateral A
3a √3 2 a-Equal sides
Triangle a
4 √3
H= a
a a 2
altitude

B a C
4 Isosceles right A 2a+b 1 2 a-Equal sides
a
angle triangle 2 b-Hypotenuse
b
a
a
B a C
5 Rectangle 2(l+b) lb l-length
b- breadth
l
b
6 square a 4a a2 a-Equal sides
d-diagonal
d
a a =√2a
a
7 Parallelogram 2(a+b) bh a,b-Adjacent sides
a h h-altitude
b-base
b

8 Rhombus 4a 1 a-Equal side

d d
2 1 2 d1 d2 − diagonal
a
𝒅𝟏 𝒅𝟐
a

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Sr.no Name of figure Figure perimeter Areas Nomenclature

9 Trapezium Sum of the 1 a,b-parallel side

b (a + b)h
all four 2 h-altitude
sides
l h l

10 Quadrilateral A B Sum of the 1 d-diagonal AD

𝒉𝟏 d(h1 + h2 )
all four 2 h1, h2 − altitude of
d sides ∆ABD and∆ACD
𝒉𝟏
C D
11 circle 2πr or πd πd2 r- redius
πr 2 or 4 d=2r - diameter
r

12 Semi circle nd πr 2 πd2

πr or or
2 2 8
d

13 Annulus of a π(R2 − r 2 ) R- redius of outer circle

ring r r-radious of inner circle

14 Sector of a l+2r θ θ0 = ∠AOB

× 2r 2
circle l 360 r- redius of circle
𝑜 lr
r 𝜃 r θ Or 2 l-length of arc
=
𝜃 360
𝑙 × 2π

1. The ratio of length of breadth of a room is 3:2 and its area is 216m2.Find its
length.
Solution:
Let ‘l’ and ‘b’ be the length and breadth of the room
l:b=3:2
2l
b=
3

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Given, lb = 216m2
2l
⇒l. = 216
3
3
2=216× =108×3
⇒l 2
= 9×4×3×3
∴l =3×2×3 = 18m.

2. The diagonal of a square field is 50m. Find the area of the field.
Solution:
Let ‘a’ be the side and ‘d’ be the diagonal of the square.
∴√2 a = 50

50
a= = 25√2
√2
Area of the square = a2 = (25√2)2= 625×2 = 1250m2
𝐴 𝐵

𝐶
𝐷

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Practice Questions
1. The next term in the series 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37,? is:
(A) 50 (C) 62
(B) 57 (D) 72

2. A group of 210 students appeared in some test. The mean of 1/3 rd of

students is found to be 60. The mean of the remaining students is
found to be 78. The mean of the whole group will be:
(A) 80 (C) 74
(B) 76 (D) 72

3. Anil after travelling 6 km towards East from his house realized that he
has travelled in a wrong direction. He turned and travelled 12 km
towards West, turned right and travelled 8 km to reach his office. The
straight distance of the office from his house is:
(A) 20 km (C) 12 km
(B) 14 km (D) 10 km

4. The next term in the series: B2E, D5H, F12K, H27N,? is:
(A) J56I (C) Q62J
(B) I62Q (D) J58Q

5. A party was held in which a grandmother, father, mother, four sons,

their wives and one son and two daughters to each of the sons were
present. The number of females present in the party is:
(A) 12 (C) 18
(B) 14 (D) 24

6. P and Q are brothers. R and S are sisters. The son of P is brother of S. Q

is related to R as:
(A) Son (C) Uncle
(B) Brother (D) Father

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

7. Consider the argument given below:

'Pre - employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors,
architects and engineers who are now employed had to face such a
testing.'
What type of argument it is?
(A) Deductive (C) Psychological
(B) Analogical (D) Biological

8. Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that
they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are
those propositions? Select the correct code.
Propositions:
(a) Some priests are cunning.
(b) No priest is cunning.
(c) All priests are cunning.
(d) Some priests are not cunning.
Codes:
(A) (a) and (b) (C) (a) and (c)
(B) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (d)

9. A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference

is called:
(A) An inference (C) An explanation
(B) An argument (D) A valid argument

10. Consider the following assertion (A) and reason (R) and select the
correct code given below:
(A): No man is perfect.
(R): Some men are not perfect.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not provide sufficient
reason for (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) provides sufficient reason for (A).

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.

11. A definition that has a meaning that is deliberately assigned to

some symbol is called:
(A) Lexical (C) Stipulative
(B) Precising (D) Persuasive

12. If the proposition 'No men are honest' is taken to be false which
of the following proposition/propositions can be claimed certainly to be
true?
Propositions:
(A) All men are honest
(B) Some men are honest
(C) Some men are not honest
(D) No honest person is man

13. In certain code, SELECTION is coded as QCJCARGML. The code of

AMERICANS will be
(A) YKCPGAYLQ
(B) BNFSJDBMR
(C) QLYAGPCKY
(D) YQKLCYPAG

14. In the series 3, 11, 23, 39, 59, .......... The next term will be
(A) 63 (C) 83
(B) 73 (D) 93

15. Two railway tickets from city A to B and three tickets from city A
to C cost Rs. 177. Three tickets from city A to B and two tickets from
city A to C cost Rs. 173. The fare for city B from city A will be Rs.
(A) 25 (C) 30
(B) 27 (D) 33

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

16. A person walks 10 m infront and 10 m to the right. Then every

time turning to his left, he walks 5, 15 and 15 m respectively. How far is
he now from his starting point?
(A) 20 m (C) 10 m
(B) 15 m (D) 5 m

17. A is sister of B. F is daughter of G. C is mother of B. D is father of C.

E is mother of D. A is related to D as
(A) Grand daughter (C) Daughter-in-law
(B) Daughter (D) Sister

18. In the series AB, EDC, FGHI, ....?...., OPQRST, the missing term is
(A) JKLMN (C) NMLKJ
(B) JMKNL (D) NMKLJ

19. Among the following propositions two are related in such a way
that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions?
Select the correct code:
Propositions:
(a) All women are equal to men
(b) Some women are equal to men
(c) Some women are not equal to men
(d) No women are equal to men
Codes:
(A) (a) and (b) (C) (c) and (d)
(B) (a) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

20. If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the
following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true?
Propositions:
(A) Some thieves are poor.
(B) Some thieves are not poor.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) No thief is poor.
(D) No poor person is a thief.

21. Consider the following statement and select the correct code
stating the nature of the argument involved in it:
To suppose that the earth is the only populated world in the infinite
space is as absurd as to assert that in an entire field of millet only one
grain will grow.
(A) Astronomical (C) Deductive
(B) Anthropological (D) Analogical

22. Select the code which is not correct about Venn diagram:
(A) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes.
(B) It can provide clear method of notation.
(C) It can be either valid or invalid.
(D) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.

23. Select the code which is not correct in the context of deductive
argument with two premises:
(A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false
conclusion may be valid.
(B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may
be valid.
(C) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a true
conclusion may be valid.
(D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may
be valid.

24. Given below are two premises and four conclusions are drawn
from them (taking singly or together). Select the code that states the
conclusions validly drawn.
Premises:
(i) All religious persons are emotional.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(ii) Ram is a religious person.
Conclusions:
(a) Ram is emotional.
(b) All emotional persons are religious.
(c) Ram is not a non-religious person.
(d) Some religious persons are not emotional.
Codes:
(A) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(B) (a) only
(C) (a) and (c) only
(D) (b) and (c) only

25. The missing term in the series 1, 4, 27, 16,?, 36, 343, … is
(A) 30 (C) 125
(B) 49 (D) 81

26. The next term in the following series YEB, WFD, UHG, SKI,? will be
(A) TLO (C) QLO
(B) QOL (D) GQP

27. If A is coded as C, M as I, N as P, S as O, I as A, P as N, E as M, O as
E and C as S, then the code of COMPANIES will be
(A) SPEINMOAC (C) SMOPIEACN
(B) NCPSEIOMA (D) SEINCPAMO

28. Among the following, identify the continuous type of data:

(A) Number of languages a person speaks
(B) Number of children in a household
(C) Population of cities
(D) Weight of students in a class

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
29. Ali buys a glass, a pencil box and a cup and pays Rs. 21 to the
shopkeeper. Rakesh buys a cup, two pencil boxes and a glass and pays
Rs. 28 to the shopkeeper. Preeti buys two glasses, a cup and two pencil
boxes and pays Rs. 35 to the shopkeeper. The cost of 10 cups will be
(A) Rs. 40 (C) Rs. 80
(B) Rs. 60 (D) Rs. 70

30. Out of four cities given below three are alike in some manner
while the fourth one is different. Identify the odd one
(A) Lucknow
(B) Rishikesh
(C) Allahabad
(D) Patna

31. Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the

code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning:
(A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment.
(B) The conclusion should be supported by the premise/premises.
(C) The conclusion must follow from the premise/premises
necessarily.
(D) The argument may be valid or invalid.

32. If two standard form categorical propositions with the same

subject and predicate are related in such a manner that if one is
undetermined the other must be undetermined, what is their relation?
(A) Contrary (C) Contradictory
(B) Subcontrary (D) Sub-altern

33. Men and woman may have different reproductive strategies but
neither can be considered inferior or superior to the other, any more
than a bird’s wings can be considered superior or inferior to a fish’s fins.
What type of argument it is?
(A) Biological (B) Physiological

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) Analogical (D) Hypothetical

34. Among the following propositions two are related in such a way
that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code
that states those two propositions.
Propositions:
(a) Every student is attentive.
(b) Some students are attentive.
(c) Students are never attentive.
(d) Some students are not attentive.
Codes:
(A) (a) and (b) (C) (b) and (c)
(B) (a) and (c) (D) (c) and (d)

35. Given below are two premises ((a) and (b)). From those two
premises four conclusions (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) are drawn. Select the code
that states the conclusions validly drawn from the premises (taking
singly or jointly.)
Premises:
(a) Untouchability is a curse.
(b) All hot pans are untouchable.
Conclusions:
(i) All hot pans are curse.
(ii) Some untouchable things are hot pans.
(iii) All curses are untouchability.
(iv) Some curses are untouchability.
Codes:
(A) (i) and (ii) (C) (iii) and (iv)
(B) (ii) and (iii) (D) (ii) and (iv)

36. If the statement ‘None but the brave wins the race’ is false which
of the following statements can be claimed to be true?
Select the correct code:

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) All brave persons win the race.
(B) Some persons who win the race are not brave.
(C) Some persons who win the race are brave.
(D) No person who wins the race is brave.

37. In the series 1, 6, 15, 28, 45, ............ the next term will be:
(A) 66 (C) 56
(B) 76 (D) 84

38. The next term in the series ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, .......... is:
(A) NSA (C) PSK
(B) SBL (D) RUH

39. In certain code, “COVALENT” is coded as BWPDUOFM. The code

of “ELEPHANT” will be:
(A) MFUIQRTW (C) QFMFUOBI
(B) QMUBIADH (D) EPHNTEAS

40. Ajay is a friend of Rakesh. Pointing to an old man Ajay asked

Rakesh who is he ? Rakesh said “His son is my son’s uncle”. The old man
is related to Rakesh as:
(A) Grandfather (C) Father
(B) Father-in-law (D) Uncle

41. A postman walked 20 m straight from his office, turned right and
walked 10 m. After turning left he walked 10 m and after turning right
walked 20 m. He again turned right and walked 70 m. How far he is
from his office?
(A) 50 m. (C) 60 m.
(B) 40 m. (D) 20 m.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
42. It is Truism to say that no one was there when life first appeared
on earth. Any assertion about life’s origin, thus, should be treated as a
theory. The above two statements constitute:
(A) A historical explanation (C) An argument
(B) A narrative (D) A conjecture

43. Given below are four statements. Among them two are related in
such a way that they can both be true but they cannot both be false.
Select the code that indicates those two statements:
Statements:
(a) Honest people never suffer.
(b) Almost all honest people do suffer.
(c) Honest people hardly suffer.
(d) Each and every honest person suffers.
Code:
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a) and (c)
(C) (a) and (d)
(D) (b) and (c)

44. A deductive argument is invalid if:

(A) Its premises and conclusion are all true.
(B) Its premises and conclusion are all false.
(C) Its premises are all false but its conclusion is true.
(D) Its premises are all true but its conclusion is false.

45. Given below are two premises (a and b). From those two premises
four conclusions (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are drawn. Select the code that
states the conclusion/conclusions drawn validly (taking the premises
singularly or jointly).
Premises:
(a) All bats are mammals.
(b) No birds are bats.

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
Conclusions:
(i) No birds are mammals.
(ii) Some birds are not mammals.
(iii) No bats are birds.
(iv) All mammals are bats.
Code:
(A) (i) only
(B) (i) and (ii) only
(C) (iii) only
(D) (iii) and (iv) only

46. Just as melting ice - cubes do not cause a glass of water to

overflow, melting sea - ice does not increase oceanic volume.
What type of argument is it?
(A) Analogical (C) Psychological
(B) Hypothetical (D) Statistical

47. The next term in the series −1, 5, 15, 29, ? , ... is:
(A) 36 (C) 59
(B) 47 (D) 63

48. The next term in the series ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, SBL, ? , ... is:
(A) ZKU (C) ZKW
(B) ZCA (D) KZU

49. If VARANASI is coded as WCUESGZQ, then the code of KOLKATA

will be:
(A) LOQOZEH (C) ZELHOQO
(B) HLZEOOQ (D) LQOOFZH

50. Introducing Rakesh to her husband a women said, “His brother’s

father is the only son of my grandfather”. The woman is related to
Rakesh as:

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) Aunt (C) Sister
(B) Mother (D) Daughter

51. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 5. If 16 is added to both the

numbers, their ratio becomes 1 : 2. The numbers are:
(A) 16, 40 (C) 28, 70
(B) 20, 50 (D) 32, 80

52. Superiority of intellect depends upon its power of concentration

on one theme in the same way as a concave mirror collects all the rays
that strike upon it into one point.
What type of reasoning is entailed in the above statement?
(A) Mathematical (C) Analogical
(B) Psychological (D) Deductive

53. Given below are two premises (A and B). Four conclusions are
drawn from them. Select the code that states validly drawn
conclusion(s) (taking the premises individually or jointly).
Premises:
(A) Most of the dancers are physically fit.
(B) Most of the singers are dancers.
Conclusions:
(a) Most of the singers are physically fit.
(b) Most of the dancers are singers.
(c) Most of the physically fit persons are dancers.
(d) Most of the physically fit persons are singers.
Code:
(A) (a) and (b) (C) (c) and (d)
(B) (b) and (c) (D) (d) and (a)

54. Which one among the following is a presupposition in inductive

reasoning?
(A) Law of identity (B) Unchangeability in nature

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) Harmony in nature (D) Uniformity of nature

55. If the proposition ‘domestic animals are hardly ferocious’ is taken

to be false, which of the following proposition/propositions can be
claimed to be certainly true? Select the correct Code:
Propositions:
(a) All domestic animals are ferocious.
(b) Most of the domestic animals are ferocious.
(c) No domestic animal is ferocious.
(d) Some domestic animals are non-ferocious.
Code:
(A) (a) and (b)
(B) (a) only
(C) (c) and (d)
(D) (b) only

56. Which one of the following statements is not correct in the

context of Venn diagram method?
(A) It is a method of testing the validity of arguments.
(B) It represents both the premises of a syllogism in one diagram.
(C) It requires two overlapping circles for the two premises of a
standard-form categorical syllogism.
(D) It can be used to represent classes as well as propositions.

57.121 , 144, 190, 259, ?, 466

(A) 351 (B) 349 (C) 374 (D) 328 (E) None of
these

58.10 , 15 , 25 , 42 , 68 , ?
(A) 105 (B) 110 (C) 99 (D) 88
(E) 97

59.1, 1, 2, 4.5, ? , 30

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 7

60.1, 17, 81, 225, 481, ?

(A) 525 (B) 841 (C) 881 (D) 729
(E) None of these

61.2096, 1572, 1179, 884.25, ?

(A) 673.2135 (B) 663.1875 (C) 573.2915 (D) 660.25 (E)
None of these

62.7, 35, 105, 525, 1575, 7875, ?

(A) 39375 (B) 23625 (C) 11815 (D) 15750 (E) None of these

63.117, 389, 525, 593, 627, (?)

(A) 654 (B) 640 (C) 634 (D) 630
(E) None of these

64.2, 6, 14, 30, ?, 126

(A) 62 (B) 98 (C) 87 (D) 113
(E) 97

65.5120, 1280, 320, 80, ?

(A) 16 (B) 24 (C) 20 (D) 40 (E)
None of these

66.Find the wrong term in the following number series 16, 4, 2, 1.5, 1.75, 1.875
(A) 4 (B) 1.875 (C) 1.5 (D) 2 (E) 1.75

67.B, F, .........., N, R
(A) G (D) L
(B) K (E) None of The Above
(C) J

68.P, .........., J, G, D, A
(A) Q (B) N

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) K (E) None of The Above
(D) M

69..........., E, G, J, N
(A) A (D) Z
(B) B (E) None of The Above
(C) D

70.X, F, Y, G, .............., H
(A) Z (D) Y
(B) A (E) None of The Above
(C) B

71.B, B, A, D, ............, F
(A) B (D) C
(B) A (E) None of The Above
(C) Z

72.LMD, MKG, NIJ, ............

(A) PKM (D) OGM
(B) MGO (E) None of The Above
(C) LGM

73.D, DD, DDDD, DDDDDDD, ......................

(A) DDDDDDDDD
(B) DDDDDDDDDD
(C) DDDDDD
(D) DDDDDDDDDDD
(E) None of The Above

74.2B, ..........., 8E, 14H, 22L

(A) 4C (D) 9F
(B) 4D (E) None of The Above
(C) 6E

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
75.1 C V, 5 F U, 9 I T, .............., 17 O R
(A) 11LS (D) 13LS
(B) 14JS (E) None of The Above
(C) 15JS

76.K M 5, 1 P 8, G S 11, E V 14 , ..............

(A) C Y 17 (D) C Z 17
(B) B Y 17 (E) None of The Above
(C) B X 17

Directions (77-81): Read the following information carefully and answer the
questions given below. All the codes given below are only in two letters format.
“Banks are digital today” is written as “Zi Li Ki Ti”,
“Money transfer through banks” is written as “Di Ki Si Fi”,
“Digital money easy today” is written as “Si Zi Ti Bi” and
“Today we have leave” is written as “Gi Xi Vi Zi”.

77.What is the possible code for “Easy for transfer”?

(A) Fi Bi Zi (D) Fi Li Xi
(B) Di Ji Bi (E) None of these
(C) Bi Ti Ui

78.If “Banks have money” is coded as “Gi Si Ki”, then what will be the code for
“Leave”?
(A) Di (D) Vi
(B) Li (E) Cannot be determined
(C) Zi

79.What is the code for “Transfer”?

(A) Di (D) Cannot be determined
(B) Ti (E) Either Di or Fi
(C) Fi

80.What is the word for the code “Si” in the given code language?
(A) Today (B) Banks

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) Money (E) Either a) or b)
(D) Digital

81.If “Money market easy” is written as “Bi Si Ci”, then what will be the code for
“Market”?
(A) Bi (D) Either Si or Ci
(B) Si (E) Cannot be determined
(C) Ci

Directions (82-86): Read the following information carefully and answer the
questions given below. All the codes given below are only in two letters format.
“Challenging world economy now” is written as “Sk Rk Tk Nk”,
“Economy bad current issue” is written as “Pk Gk Sk Fk”,
“Current world looking good” is written as “Nk Mk Pk Vk”,
“Looking good challenging with” is written as “Vk Mk Rk Dk”.

82.What will be the code for “Looking”?

(A) Rk (D) Vk
(B) Mk (E) Either Mk or Vk
(C) Tk

83.If “The issues are worried” written as “Ik Jk Gk Yk”, then what will be the code for
“Bad”?
(A) Pk (D) Sk
(B) Fk (E) Cannot be determined
(C) Gk

84.The codes “Rk Mk Nk” may represent which of the following?

(A) Challenging good bad
(B) World economy bad
(C) World looking challenge
(D) Good with now e) None of these

85.What does the code “Fk” represents?

(A) World (B) Looking

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) Issues (E) Either Issues or Bad
(D) Bad

86.What is the possible code for “Good World”?

(A) Nk Vk (D) Pk Mk
(B) Mk Tk (E) None of these
(C) Fk Dk

Directions (87-89): Read the following information and answer the questions
given below: ‘6’ is the son of ‘5’. ‘4’, ‘5’’s sister, has a son ‘3’ and a daughter ‘2’.
‘1’ is the maternal uncle of ‘3’.

87.How is ‘6’ related to ‘3’?

(A) Cousin (C) Uncle
(B) Nephew (D) Brother

88.How is ‘2’ related of ‘1’?

(A) Sister (C) Niece
(B) Daughter (D) Wife

89.How many nephews does ‘1’ have?

(A) Nil (C) Two
(B) One (D) Three

90.Q is the brother of R; P is the sister of Q; T is the brother of S; S is the daughter of

R. How is Q related to T?
(A) Uncle (C) Brother-in-law
(B) Father (D) Nephew

91.Z; the son-in-law of K, is the brother-in-law of G who is the brother of E.E is the
daughter of K. How is G related to K?
(A) Brother (C) Father
(B) Son (D) Data inadequate

92.A’s mother is the only daughter of B’s father. How is B’s husband related to A?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) Uncle (B) Brother
(C) Father (D) Grandfather

93.A is brother of B, B is the son of C, D is C’s father then what is A of D?

(A) Brother (B) Son
(C) Grandson (D) Grandfather

94.A is the father of C and D is son of B. E is brother of A. If C is sister of D, how is B

related to E?
(A) Brother (B) Sister
(C) Brother-in-law (D) Sister-in-law

95.A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A’s son is D’s brother. How is B related
to C?
(A) Father (B) Brother
(C) Grandfather (D) Uncle

96.A woman introduces a man as the son of the brother of her mother. How is the
man related to the woman?
(A) Nephew (B) Uncle
(C) Son (D) Cousin

97.What is 4th proportional in 9, 13 and 153?

(A) 251 (C) 175
(B) 181 (D) 221

98.Ratio of two numbers is 3:8. On adding 5 to both numbers, the ratio becomes 2:5.
Which is the smaller number out of the two?
(A) 64 (C) 45
(B) 120 (D) 105

99.The 3rd proportional to 18 and 54 is?

(A) 144 (C) 162
(B) 72 (D) 972

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
100. 285 is summation of 3 numbers. Ratio between 2nd and 3rd numbers is 6:5.
Ratio between 1st and 2nd numbers is 3:7. The 3rd number is?
(A) 135 (C) 124
(B) 150 (D) 105

101. Which of the following two ratios is greater 17:18 and 10:11?
(A) 17/18 (C) Both are same
(B) 10/11 (D) Cannot determine

102. Two numbers are in the ratio of 6 : 8. If 10 is subtracted from each, the new
numbers are in the ratio 16 : 32. Find the smaller number.
(A) 22 (C) 38
(B) 12 (D) 15

103. It was intended that Rs. 585 be divided among P, Q and R in the ratio of 4 :
3 : 2, but by mistake the distribution was made in the proportion of 1/4 : 1/3 : 1/2.
How much does 'R' gain by the error ?
(A) Rs. 99 (D) Rs. 152
(B) Rs. 126 (E) None of these
(C) Rs. 140

104. If a : b : : 3 : 5, b : c : : 4 : 3 and c : d : : 4 : 5, a : d = ?
(A) 4 :5 (D) 64 : 125
(B) 16 : 25 (E) 16 : 125
(C) 64 : 25

105. By giving Rs. 50 to M, A would have the amount equal to what M had
earlier. If the sum of the amounts with A and M is Rs. 650. What is the ratio of the
amount with A to that with M earlier?
(A) 7 : 4 (C) 2 : 1
(B) 5 : 3 (D) 7 : 6

106. Two numbers are less than a third number by 30% and 37% respectively.
How much percent is the second number less than the first?
(A) 7% (B) 10%

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) 4% (D) 3%

107. 40% of greater number is equal to 60% of the smaller. If their sum is 150,
then the greater number is
(A) 70 (C) 90
(B) 80 (D) 60

108. If X% of Y is 100 and Y% of Z is 200, find a relation between X and Z.

(A) Z = X/2 (C) X = Z/4
(B) Z = 2X (D) Z = 4X

109. If 20% of an electricity bill is deducted, then Rs. 100 is still to be paid. How
much was the original bill?
(A) Rs. 110 (C) Rs. 120
(B) Rs. 115 (D) Rs. 125

110. 5% of 5% of Rs. 100 is

(A) Rs. 0.25 (C) Rs. 10
(B) Rs. 0.50 (D) Rs. 25

111. A town has population of 50,000 in 1988. In one year i.e. by 1989 it
increased by 25%. Next year i.e. in 1990, it decreased by 30%. The next year in
1991 there was an increase of 40%. What is the population at end of 1991?
(A) 60250 (C) 66550
(B) 62250 (D) 61250

112. The price of apple is first increased by 10% and then decreased by 10%.
What is the change in the price of apple?
(A) 1.11% (C) 5%
(B) 3.5% (D) 1%

113. In an election which contested was contested by 2 candidates, one

candidate got 40% of total votes and yet lost by 1000 votes. What is the total
number of votes casted in the election?
(A) 10000 (B) 6000

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) 8000 (D) 5000

114. If price of milk is 15% more than that of water, then price of water is how
much per cent less than that of milk?
(A) 5% (C) 13.05%
(B) 7.50% (D) 10.50%

115. By 20% decrease in the price of rice, people can buy 10 kg more rice in
Rs.100. What is the original price of 1kg of rice?
(A) Rs. 1.5 (C) Rs. 5
(B) Rs. 2.5 (D) Rs. 4.5

116. If price of rice is 30% less than that of wheat, then price of wheat is how
much per cent more than that of rice?
(A) 45% (C) 40.65%
(B) 37.5% (D) 42.85%

117. In a class, 15% of total number of students failed in Science, 25% of total
number of students failed in Maths and 10% of total number of students failed in
both. How much percentage of students passed in both Maths and Science?
(A) 70% (C) 60%
(B) 80% (D) 90%

118. Ramesh gets a profit of 20% in one trade and suffers a loss of 20% in the
second when he sells 2 cycles for Rs. 4000 each. What is his profit or loss in the
entire trade?
(A) Loss = 4% (C) Profit = 16%
(B) Loss = 16% (D) Profit = 4%

119. Suman buys 160 chocolates for Rs. 480. She wanted to earn 30% profit by
selling them. But Rakesh visited her and she gave him 25% of those chocolates at
the cost price itself. But even after doing this, she earned a profit of 30% as
decided. For how much did she sell each chocolate?
(A) Rs. 3.8 (C) Rs. 6
(B) Rs. 4.2 (D) Rs. 3

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

120. Guddi buys some oranges in a shop at 4 per rupee. She goes to other shop
and buys same number of oranges at 5 per rupee. She then combines them in a
basket and sells them at 4 per rupee. Will she get a profit or loss? And how much?
(A) Profit = 100/9 % (C) Profit = 116/9 %
(B) Loss = 100/9 % (D) Loss = 116/9 %

121. Chaman sells 40 fans at 10% profit. He wants a total of 20% profit on the
entire sale. Since he got 160 fans at rate of Rs. 100 each, at what profit must he
sell the remaining fans?
(A) 70/3% (C) 30%
(B) 160/58% (D) 100/3%

122. Uma wants to gain 15% profit on her sale of sugar. She buys 120 kg of sugar
at Rs. 24 per kg to mix with 180 kg of sugar bought at Rs. 28 per kg. She sells the
sugar mix at ….
(A) Rs. 8159 (C) Rs. 9756
(B) Rs. 9108 (D) Rs. 8564

123. Rohit got profit of 11½% by selling his old car. However he realized that had
he sold it for Rs. 8100 more, his profit would be 38.5%. At what price did he buy
the car?
(A) Rs. 44500 (C) Rs. 41000
(B) Rs. 55000 (D) Rs. 30000

124. Rambabu sells paper planes at the rate of 20 planes for Re. 1. If he gets
profit of 20%, how many planes did he buy in 1 rupee?
(A) 16 (C) 24
(B) 40 (D) 36

125. A cheater manipulated his weighing machine so that it shows 1kg for 970
grams. How much profit does he get?
(A) 397/100% (C) 0.03%
(B) 0.3 % (D) 300/97%

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
126. Ajay incurred loss of 20% by selling a vase for Rs. 2880. To get a profit of
20% at what price should he sell the vase?
(A) Rs. 4320 (C) Rs. 1440
(B) Rs. 5760 (D) Rs. 3500

127. A sold a car to B at a profit of 25%. B incurred loss of 15% while selling the
same car to C. A spent Rs. 50000 for this car. At what price did C buy it?
(A) Rs. 62500 (C) Rs. 53125
(B) Rs. 60000 (D) Rs. 90000

128. At the end of 2 years difference between simple and compound interest is
Rs. 2166. If the principal is Rs. 60000, then what is the rate of interest?
(A) 38% (C) 19%
(B) 18% (D) 17%

129. A sum of money invested at compound interest amounts to Rs. 800 in 3

years and to Rs. 840 in 4 years. The rate of interest per annum is
(A) 2(1/2)% (C) 5%
(B) 4% (D) 6(2/3)%

130. The difference between simple and compound interest on a certain sum of
money for 2 years at 4 percent per annum is Re.1. The sum of money is
(A) Rs. 600 (C) Rs. 560
(B) Rs. 625 (D) Rs. 650

131. Find the principal amount invested if the difference between Compound
Interest and Simple Interest obtained for 3 years at rate of interest of 25% is Rs.
320?
(A) Rs. 1550 (C) Rs. 1525.50
(B) Rs. 1575.38 (D) Rs. 1545.78

132. Amit gave his friend Rs. 11000. This loan was to be repaid in 3 yearly
installments with a rate of interest of 20% compounded annually. How much
would be the value of each installment?
(A) Rs. 3666.67 (B) Rs. 5221.97

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) Rs. 5000 (D) Rs. 4528.69

133. An amount becomes 4 times in 6 years. In how many years will it become
64 times if the rate of interest remains unchanged?
(A) 24 years (C) 16 years
(B) 18 years (D) 12 years

134. Amit gave his friend Rs. 11000. This was to be repaid in 2 yearly
installments with a rate of interest of 20% compounded annually. How much
would be the value of each installment?
(A) Rs. 7200 (C) Rs. 5500
(B) Rs. 8200 (D) Rs. 6400

135. How much money invested at compound interest will yield Rs. 6350.40 at
the end of 3 years? For the first year the rate of interest is 5%; for second year it
increases to 12% and for third year it decreases to 8%.
(A) Rs. 5800 (C) Rs. 6000
(B) Rs. 5500 (D) Rs. 5000

136. A town has population of 50,000 in 1988. In one year i.e. by 1989 it
increased by 25%. Next year i.e. in 1990, it decreased by 30%. The next year in
1991 there was an increase of 40%. What is the population at end of 1991?
(A) 60250 (C) 66550
(B) 62250 (D) 61250

137. What compound interest will Rs. 5000 fetch in 3 years 10 months at 30%
per annum?
(A) Rs. 8725.25 (C) Rs. 8856.55
(B) Rs. 8735.50 (D) Rs. 8731.25

138. In the India-Australia one day match, due to rain, India needed 324 runs in
48 overs to win. In initial 10 overs, the average scoring rate was 6, but in next 10
overs it increased to 8.5. It then declined to 5.5 in next 10 overs and again rose to
7 in next 10 overs. To win the match now what average is needed?
(A) 8.25 (B) 6.75

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) 7.75 (D) 7.0

139. Average age of 7 family members is 75 years. But average age of 6 of them
is 74 years 6 months. What is the age of the 7th family member?
(A) 75.5 (C) 68
(B) 78 (D) 80

140. Average age of 5 people is 42 years. Another group has 8 people who have
average age of 81 years. When both groups are mixed what is average age of all
people?
(A) 64 years (C) 61.5 years
(B) 66 years (D) 70 years

141. Average age of 5 people in a family is 55 years. However it is seen that 3 of

the 5 people also have an average age of 55 years. What will be the average age of
remaining two people of the family?
(A) 82.5 years (C) 55 years
(B) 27.5 years (D) 110 years

142. Which of the following exactly denotes the average price of all the goods
together if, Ramesh buys ‘a’ number of goods of type ‘A’ at price of Rs. ‘E’ each, ‘b’
number of goods of type ‘B’ at price of Rs. ‘F’ each and ‘c’ number of goods of type
‘C’ at price of Rs. ‘G’ each?
(A) (E+F+G) / (a+b+c)
(B) (AE+BF+CG) / (a+b+c)
(C) (aE+bF+cG) / (a+b+c)
(D) (aA+bB+cC) / (a+b+c)

143. Of the 20 cycles sold by Ajay, average cost of 12 cycles is Rs. 18000. In total
he earned Rs. 300000. What was the average cost of remaining cycles?
(A) Rs. 10500 (C) Rs. 9125
(B) Rs. 7500 (D) Rs. 9750

144. In a group of people, the oldest and the youngest have an age difference of
100 years. If these two are left out of counting, then the average age of the

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
remaining 40 people is 28. The average age of entire group being 30, how old is
the eldest person?
(A) 101 years (C) 120 years
(B) 115 years (D) 103 years

145. Had Ajay scored 18 runs more in his 3rd innings and 4 runs more in his 7th
innings, his average would have become 66 runs. But it is 64 runs. How many
innings did he play?
(A) 15 (C) 12
(B) 10 (D) 11

146. What will be average price of all the goods bought, if Ajay buys 30 erasers
for Rs. 3 each, 35 chocolates for Rs. 10 each and 25 clips at the rate of Rs. 4 each?
(A) Rs. 9 (C) Rs. 5.5
(B) Rs. 6 (D) Rs. 8.25

147. What will be the ratio of number of history books to number of geography
books, if average number of pages of all books is 158, average number of pages of
all history books is 164 and average number of pages of geography books 154?
(A) 3:5 (D) 3:2
(B) 5:3 (E) 77:82
(C) 2:3

148. Surendra travels from home to office by car. With an average speed of 50
km/hr, he is late by 30 minutes. But when he comes with a speed of 60 km/h, he
reaches his office 10 minutes earlier. How far is his office from his home?
(A) 60 km (C) 200 km
(B) 80 km (D) 100 km

149. Ramesh sees a thief at a distance of 80 m. Ramesh starts chasing the thief
who is running at a speed of 5 m/s. Ramesh is chasing him with a speed of 7 m/s.
How much distance does the thief covers before Ramesh catches him?
(A) 130 m (C) 100 m
(B) 50 m (D) 200 m

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
150. Ajay and Vijay travel from A to B at 17 km/hr and 19 km/hr, respectively. A
is 72km away from B. Vijay reaches B first and returns immediately and meets Ajay
at C. Find B to C distance?
(A) 10 km (C) 15 km
(B) 4 km (D) 36 km

151. Amit covers a distance at a speed of 24 km/hr in 6 min. If he wants to cover

the same distance in 8 min, what should be his speed?
(A) 18 km/hr (C) 30 km/hr
(B) 21 km/hr (D) 15 km/hr

152. A walks from points Jammu to Delhi and at the same time B starts walking
from Delhi to Jammu. After passing each other, they complete their journeys in
361 hours and 289 hours, respectively. Find the ratio of speed of A to that of B?
(A) 17:19 (C) 361:289
(B) 289:361 (D) 19:17

153. A car is running at a speed of 90 kmph. What distance will it cover in 15

second?
(A) 100 m (D) Cannot be determined
(B) 255 m (E) None of these
(C) 375 m

154. A boy has to cover a total distance of 300 kms. in 6 hours. He travels at the
rate of 60 kmph. for first 90 minutes and next 100 kms. at the rate of 50 kmph. At
what average speed must he travel now in order to complete the journey in 6
hours?
(A) 25 kmph. (C) 44 kmph
(B) 32 kmph (D) 58 kmph

155. If John covers a certain distance in 1 hr. 24 min. by covering two third of the
distance at 4 kmph and the rest at 5 kmph, then find the total distance.
(A) 4 km (C) 6.8 km
(B) 6 km (D) 7.2 km

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
156. A squirrel can climb 5 metres of a pole in one minute but slips 2 metres in
the next minute. How much time will the squirrel take to climb 26 metres?
(A) 14 minutes (C) 15 minutes
(B) 12 minutes (D) 18 minutes

157. A and B go cycling in the same direction with speeds of 6 km/hr and 12
km/hr. A car from behind passes them in 9 and 10 seconds respectively. What is
the speed of the car?

(A) 22 km/hr
(B) 33 km/hr
(C) 66 km/hr
(D) 44 km/hr

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

Previous Years’ Questions

UGC-NET 2021
1. Which number comes next in this sequence: 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, ?
A. 5.5 C. 6.5
B. 5 D. 6

2. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: - A number is divisible by 12 if the number is divisible by both 3 and
4.
Statement II: - A number is divisible by 3, if and only if the sum of all the digits of
the number is divisible by 6.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below
A. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
B. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
C. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
D. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

3. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?

A. Yaman crosses a 600m long road in 5 minutes. His speed is 7.2 km/hr
B. Vinod performs 2/15 of his total journey by train; 9/20 by bus and rest 10 km
on cycle. His total journey is 24 km
C. Anita can complete a work in 8 days. She can complete 1/8 fraction of the work
in two days
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
A. A and B only C. A only
B. A and C only D. B only

4. The population of a bacteria culture increases at a rate of 4% per annum.

There is an additional increase of 1% of the population due to some reason.
The percentage increase in the population after two years is, therefore
A. 10.25 C. 10.75
B. 10.5 D. 10

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

5. If the wind speeds increase from 4.0 m/s to 5.0 m/s, the power output from an
ideal windmill will increase by a factor of about
A. ~4 C. ~2
B. ~5 D. ~3

6. What number should replace the question mark(?)? 3529, 64, 9817, 115, 3257, ?
A. 126 C. 89
B. 146 D. 98

7. What fraction (%) of the total primary energy used in India is derived from
biomass?
A. 22% C. 42%
B. 32% D. 56%

8. Ravi's salary is increased by 20%. On the increased salary, the tax rate is 10%
higher. The percentage increase in tax liability is
A. 20 % C. 23 %
B. 22 % D. 24 %

9. Answer the following statements?

A. At 5% rate of simple interest, a certain sum will be doubled in 15years.
B. A sum becomes double in 10 years. The annual rate of simple interest is 12%.
C. ₹1000 will become ₹1331 in 3 years at compound interest rate of 10%per
annum.
Which of the above statements is/are CORRECT?
A. A and B only C. B and C only
B. A and C only D. C only

10.Sagun purchased a smartphone at 9 / 10th of its selling price and sold it at 8 %

more than its selling price. Her gain is
A. 10 % C. 18 %
B. 12 % D. 20 %

11.Match List I with List II With respect to completion of sentences

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
List I List II
(A) The sum of first forty five natural number is (I) 19
(B) The least prime number is (II) 75
(C) The total number of prime numbers less than 70 is (III) 1035
e quotient (IV) 2 is 55 and the remainder is 25 . The divisor is
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
B. (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
C. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
D. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

12.If CHARCOAL is coded as 45164913 , how will you code COALCAR?

A. 4913413 C. 3194416
B. 6194314 D. 4913416

13.What comes next in the following sequence? 1/2 2/6, 4/18, 8/54 ?
A. 10/108 C. 16/162
B. 16/106 D. 24/108

14.A vendor allows a discount of 16% to his customers and still gains 20%. The
marked price of an item, which costs the vendor ₹ 11900, is
A. ₹ 14800 C. ₹ 16800
B. ₹ 15700 D. ₹ 17000

15.Consider the following fractions:

A. 8/9 D. 7/9
B. 9/11 E. 7/11
C. 2/3
Which of the following is the correct decreasing sequence?
A. A>B>C>E>D
B. A>B>D>C>E
C. B>A>C>E>D
D. B>A>D>E>C

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
16.The average of ten numbers is 11. If each number is multiplied by 7, then the
average of the new set of numbers is:
A. 110 C. 76
B. 70 D. 77

17.Find the next two terms in the series. A, D, H, M, ___, ___

A. Q, X C. S, Z
B. R, Y D. T, A

18.The ages of Swati and Manisha are in the ratio of 5:6 and the sum of their ages is
55 years. What will be the ratio of their ages after 5 years?
A. 5:6 C. 6:7
B. 6:5 D. 7:6

19.Given below are two statements

Statement I:- A vehicle's speed of 30.6 km/hr is the same as 5.8 m/s.
Statement II:- The speed of a bus is 72 km/hr. The distance covered by the bus in
10 seconds is 100 meter.
In light of the above statements, Choose the correct answer from the options
given below
A. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
B. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
C. Statement I is false but Statement II is true
D. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

20.Which one of the following fractions is the largest?

A. 11/16 C. 5/8
B. 31/40 D. 67/80

UGC-NET 2020
1. The volume of a cube of side 10.0 cm is changed by increasing its sides by 1.0%.
The percentage increase in the volume of the cube is
(A) ~1% (C) ~3%
(B) ~6% (D) ~10%

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

2. A man walks at a speed of 3 km/hour from location A towards east for 1 hour and
then turning left walks at a speed of 1.5 km/hour for 6 hours towards north to a
location B. The shortest distance between locations A and B is
(A) 10 km (C) ~8.54 km
(B) 12 km (D) ~9.48 km

3. Consider the following number series 2, 10, 30, 68, X. What is the term X?
(A) 130 (C) 88
(B) 92 (D) 76

4. A household Incurs a certain expenditure on the consumption of a commodity in a

given month. If the price of the commodity is decreased by 20% and its
consumption is increased by 20%, what will be the net percent increase or
decrease in the expenditure of the household?
(A) 2% (C) 8%
(B) 4% (D) 10%

5. Consider the following letter series. What is next of acf, egj, ikn, oqt, _______?
(A) suy (C) rwz
(B) uvy (D) uwz

6. A man covers a distance of 22 km in 4 hours by initially walking and then jogging

at speed of 4km/hour and 10 km/hour, respectively. The distance covered by him
during walking is
(A) 10 km (C) 15 km
(B) 12 km (D) 18 km

7. What is the next term in the following letter series?aceg, cegi, egik, gikm, _
(A) jlor (C) ikmo
(B) hjlo (D) ikmq

8. A rational number has its denominator greater than its numerator by 6. If the
numerator is increased by 4 and the denominator is decreased by 8, the number
becomes 5/3. What is the3original rational number?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 11/17 (C) 7/13
(B) 5/11 (D) 13/19

9. Two water pipes can fill a tank in 10 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively, if each
of them isused separately. If both the pipes are used to fill the tank
simultaneously, how long will it take to fill the tank?
(A) 6 minutes (C) 7.5 minutes
(B) 8 minutes (D) 9 minutes

10.Consider the following number series 0, 6, 24, 60, 120, X .What is the value of
term X?
(A) 180 (C) 240
(B) 210 (D) 156

11.A sum of Rs.50,000.00 is invested in a bank deposit for 1 year at an interest rate
of 10% per annum, compounded on a half-yearly basis. What is the amount of
interest at the end of 1 year?
(A) 5125 (C) 5500
(B) 5250 (D) 5150

12.Given three numbers, first is twice the second and is half of the third. If the
average of three numbers is 56, then the difference of first and third number is
(A) 12 (C) 36
(B) 24 (D) 48

13.Identify the next term in the series 2, 10, 26, 50, ….

(A) 78 (C) 82
(B) 94 (D) 104

14.In the following letter series, what is the next term? abcf, bcdg, cdeh, defi, ….
(A) efij (C) efgj
(B) efgi (D) defj

15.A man in a train notices that he can count 31 telephone poles in one minute. If
the poles are at equal intervals of 50m, what is the speed of the train?

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 50 km/hour
(B) 60 km/hour
(C) 80 km/hour
(D) 90 km/hour

16.Identify the next term in the series 0, 8, 24, 48, _

(A) 72 (C) 120
(B) 96 (D) 80

17.Consider the following letter series and identify the next term ace, fhj, kmo, _
(A) npr (C) prt
(B) rtv (D) uwy

18.The difference of the square of two consecutive even numbers is 84. What is the
sum of these two consecutive even numbers?
(A) 34 (C) 36
(B) 38 (D) 42

19.Mr X is 40 years old and Mr Y is 60 years old. How many years ago was the ratio of
their ages 3:5?
(A) 15 years (C) 20 years
(B) 10 years (D) 30 years

20.In a river from a fixed location, two identical boats start moving up-stream and
down-stream, respectively, The speed of the water current in the river is 3km/
hour. If the speed of each of the boats in still water is 1 km/hour, the separation
between the boats after 12 minutes will be
(A) 3.6 km (C) 6.0 km
(B) 5.6 km (D) 7.2 km

21.A man is 30 years older than his son. Five years ago, his age was 6 times the age of
his son. The age of the son is
(A) 10 years (D)15 years
(B) 11 years
(C) 12 years

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

22.A motorist travels to a place 150km away at an average speed of 50km/ hour
and returns at a speed of 30km/hour. His average speed for the whole journey
is
(A) 35 km/ hour
(B) 37.5 km/hour
(C) 40 km/hour
(D) 42.5 km/hour
23.A sum of money earning compound interest annually doubles itself after 4
years. What is the rate of interest?
(A) ~14 %
(B) ~19 %
(C) ~18 %
(D) ~15 %
24.What is the next term in the following series? 4, 12, 28, 52
(A) 76
(B) 84
(C) 98
(D 104
25.In the following letter series, the next term is bdf, egi, hjl, _
(A) kmo
(B) jmp
(C) ilo
(D) kno
UGC NET-December 2019
1 Which of the following numbers would occur next in the series
2, 6, 30, 60, 130, 210, ......?
(A) 330 (B) 350
(C) 370 (D) 376

2 What is the missing term in the series given below?

2, 4, 6, 12, 10, 36, 14, ?, 18, 321,...
(A) 50 (B) 72
(C) 108 (D) 18

3 Identify the term 'X' in the following series

3, 2, 11, 14, 27, 34, 51, X

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 62 (B) 69
(C) 60 (D) 71

4. The next term of the series is

1D3, 3H5, 5L7
(A) 7 P9 (B) 7RS
(C) 7 N9 (D) 7L 9

5 The next term in the series

AT, EQ, IN, OK, ... is
(A) UH (B) UP
(C) US (D) UU

6 Choose the missing term out of the following

JAK, KBL, LCM, MDN,
(A) OEP (B) NEO
(C) MEN (D) PFQ

7 Choose the missing term out of the given alternatives

TEF, UGH, ., WKL
(A) CMN (B) UJI
(C)VIJ (D) IJT

8 In a certain code "CREDIT" is written as "EPGBKR". Using the same code

"DEBIT" will be written as
(A) FDCGV (B) FGCDV
(C) FCDGV (D) FCDVG

9 In a certain code "ENGLAND” is written as "ULSNYLV”. Using the same

code "IRELAND” will be written as
(A) HQUNYLVE (B) QHUNYLV
(C) QUHNYLVE (D) HUQNYLV

10 If the word “TEACHER” is coded as “TCJACCV" and the word “SURGEON”

is coded as “PMGETSU” is a certain code language, then which of the
following will represent the word “CONCORD” in the language?
(A) FTQEPQF (B) EQPEQTF
(C) FPQAPME (D) EMPAQPF

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
11 In a certain coding language 'AEIOU' is written as 'TNHDZ. Using the
same coding language ‘BFJPV' will be written as
(A) UOIEA (B) AEIOU
(C) WQKGC (D) DGKQW

12 If RED is coded as 6720, then how would Ho GREEN be coded?

(A) 16717209 (B) 1677209
(C) 9207716 (D) 1677199

13 If DRIVER = 12, GOVERNMENT =20, BELIEVED = 16, then BAT=?

(A) 6 (B) 8
(C) 10 (D) 12

14 A shopkeeper sells a refrigerator for 22000.00 and make a profit of 10%.

If he desires to make a profit of 18% what should be his selling price?
(A) 23600 (B) 39600
(C) 36000 (D) 24600

15 A circle has the same area as that of a square of diagonal of length 11

cm. What is the diameter of the circle?
(A) ~8.7cm (B) ~17.4 cm
(C) ~7.8 cm (D) ~15.6 cm

16 The two cities P and Q are 360 km apart from each other. A car goes
from P to Q with a speed of 40 km/h and returns to P with a speed of 60
km/h. What is the average speed of the Car?
(A) 45 km/h (B) 48 km/h
(C) 50 km/h (D) 55 km/h
17 A student obtains overall 78% marks in his examination consisting of
Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science and General
English. Marks obtained in each subject and the maximum marks are
indicated in the following table
Subject Physics Chemistry Mathematics Computer General
Science English
(200 Max (100 max (200 max (200 max (100 max
marks) marks) marks) marks) marks)
Marks 155 80 165 140 x
Obtained

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

The marks (x) obtained by the student in General English would

(A) 60. (B) 74
(C) 84 (D) 90

18 A sum of money with compound interest becomes 2400 in one year and
3000 in s two year. Find out the principal amount.
(A) 1900 (B) 1910
(C) 1915 (D) 1920

19 If x: y= 7:9 then, 3x - 5y: 4x + y?

−24 −22
(A) (B)
37 37
15 42
(c) (D)
22 37

20 If 3% of (a + b) = 7% of (ab) and 5% of (a - b)=4% of (ab) then what

percentage of b
is a?
47 23
(A) % (B) %
23 47
4700 2300
(c) % (D) %
23 47

21 A certain principal invested at compound interest payable yearly

amounts to 310816.00 in 3 yr and 11248.64 in 4 yr.
What is rate of interest ?
(A) 3% (B) 4%
(C) 4.5% (D) 5.5%

22 What is the exact equivalent discount of three successive discounts of

10%, 15% and 20% by sale of an article?
(A) 32.8% (B) 35.0%
(C) 38.0% (D) 38.8%

23 The sum of a number and its inverse is – 4. The sum of their cubes is
(A) – 52 (B) 52
(C) 64 (D) – 64

UGC NET-June 2019

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
24 If REASON is coded as 5 and GOVERNMENT as 9, then what is the code
for ACCIDENT?
(A) 6 (B) 7
(C) 8 (D) 9

25 Pointing towards a man the woman said, "His wife's father is the
husband of my mother's only daughter". How is the woman related to
the man?
(A) Daughter (B) Sister-in-law
(C) Sister up (D) Mother-in-law

26 A, B, C, D, E and F are six members in a family in which there are two

married couples., E, a teacher is married to a doctor who is the mother
of C and F. B, the lawyer is married to A. A has one son and one
grandson. One of the two married ladies is a house wife. There is also
one student and one male engineer in the family. How is A related to C?
(A) Grandfather (B) Mother
(C) Sister (D) Grandmother

27 Among the five friends, Vineet is taller than Monika, but not as tall as
Ram. Jacob is taller than Dalip but shorter than Monika. Who is the
tallest in their group?
(A) Ram (B) Monika
(C) Vineet (D) Jacob
28 Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting i a closed circle facing the centre.
E is to the left of D. C is between A and B, F is between E and A. Who is
to the right of C?
(A) A (B) B
(C) D (D) E

29 ........ :Play :: Sing : Song

(A) Scene (B) Act
(C) Theater (D) Field

30 If 60% of (a - b) = 40% of (a + b), then what per cent of a is b?

(A) 20% (B) 25%
(C) 40% (D) 50%

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
31 If the simple interest on a certain sum for 1 yr 3 months at 87% per
annum exceeds the simple interest on the same amount for 8 months at
71%% per annum by 45, then the sum is
(A) 600 (B) 7800
(C) 6000 (D) 18000
32 5% of the inhabitants of a village having died of malaria, a panic set in.
During this 20% of the remaining inhabitants left the village the
population is then reduced to 4750. Find the number of original
inhabitants.
(A) 5000 (B) 5250
(C) 6250 (D) 7500

33 If x and y are two positive numbers and is 25% greater than y, What is
the value of ratio y/x?
(A) 0.75 (B) 0.80
(C) 1.2 (D) 1.25

34. If the average of five numbers is – 20 and the sum of three of the
numbers is 32 the what is the average of the other two numbers?
(A) – 66 (B) – 33
(C) – 34 (D) – 132

35 If 0.75x is equal to 0.02 y, then the value of y – X. - is y + x

(A) 73/75 (B) 75/77
(C) 73/77 (D) 730/75

36 A man travelled from the village to the railway station at the rate of 20
km/h and walked back at the rate of 5 km/h. If the whole journey took 5
hs, find the distance of the railway station from the village.
(A) 10 km (B) 15 km
(C) 20 km (D) 40 km

37 A trader mixes three varieties of refined oil costing 100, 40 and 60 per
litre in the ratio 2:4:3 in terms of litre and sells the mixture at 366 per
litre. What percentage of profit does he make?
(A) 12% (B) 10%
(C) 9% (D) 8%

38 Which of the following fraction is the result of the sum of an integer and
its reciprocaly

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) 15/8 (B) 26/5
(C) 36/7 (D) 3715

39 Sanjay sold an article at a loss of 25%. If the selling price would have
been increase by Rs 175, there would have been a gain of 10%. What
was the cost price of the article:
(A) * 350 (B)* 400
(C) * 500 (D) * 750
40 The average of 35 raw scores is 18. The average of first seventeen of
them is 14 and that of last seventeen i8 20. Find the eighteenth raw
score.
(A) 42 (B) 46
(C) 62 (D) 66

41 A train leaves Agra at 5 am and reaches Delhi at 9am. Another train

leaves Delhi at 7am and reaches Agra at 10:30am. At what time do both
trains cross each other?
(A) 6:36 am (B) 6:56 am
(C) 7 am (D) 7:56 am

42 Average age of a class of 59 students is 18 yr. If the age of the teacher is

included, then the average increases by 3 months. The age of teacher is
(A) 28 yr (B) 30 yr
(C) 33 yr (D) 35 yr

43 Two cyclists start from the same place in opposite directions. One goes
toward North at 9km/h and the other goes towards South and 10km/h.
What time will they take to be 47.5 km apart?
1 1
(A) 2 h, (B)4 h
2 4
1 1
(C) 4 h h (D) 2 h
2 4

44 The price of item A increases by 50 Paisa every year while the price of
item B increases by 25 Paisa every year. If in 2008, the price of item A
was 3.20 and that of B was 15.30. In which year item A will cost 40 Paisa
more than the item B?
(A) 2016 (B) 2017
(C) 2018 (D) 2019

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
45 The number of marble slabs of size 20 cm x 30 cm required to pave the
floor of a square room of side 300 cm x 300 cm.
(A) 150 (B) 25
(C) 100 (D) 225

46 9000 were divided among a certain number of persons. Had there been
20 more persons, each would have got *160 less. The original number of
persons was
(A) 55 (B) 30
(C) 45 (D) 26

UGC NET-December 2018

47 The next term in the series
-1,5,15,29 ......... is
(A) 59 (B) 63
(C) 36 (D) 47

48 In the sequence of numbers

2, 8, 26, 62, 122, 212, A,......... the term x is
(A) 248 (B) 332
(C) 338 (D) 302

49 Ther next term in the series

ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, SBL, ......... is
(A) ZKW (B) KZU
(C) ZKU (D) ZCA

50 If VARANASI is coded as WCUESGZQ, then the code of KOLKATA will be

(A) ZELHOQO (B) LQOOFZH
(C) LOQOZEH (D) HLZEOOQ

51 In a certain code, LIFE is written as KMHJEGDF. How is WORD written in

that code?
(A) XVPNSQCE (B) XVPNSQEC
(C) VXNPQSCE (D) VXNPQSEC

52 Two numbers are in the ratio 2:5. If 16 is added to both the numbers,
their ratio becomes 1:2. The numbers are
(A) 28, 70 (B) 32, 80
(C) 16, 40 (D) 20, 50

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE

53 Introducing Rakesh to her husband a women said, “His brother's father

is the only son of my grandfather”. The woman is related to Rakesh as
(A) Sister (B) Daughter
(C) Aunt (D) Mother

54 Rajesh, his sister, his son and his daughter are fond of golf and often play
together. The following statements are true for all the four
I. The best player's twin and worst player are of the opposite sex.
II. The best player and the worst player are of the same age. Assuming
that both twins are members of the group of four, who is
the best player.
(A) Daughter of Rajesh (B) Son of Rajesh
(C) Rajesh (D) Sister of Rajesh

55 Five persons Amit, Anil Ajay, Atul and Anand live in a five storey building
on different floors, Amit lives above Ajay, but below Anand. Atul lives
above, but below Amit. Anil lives below Anand, but above Atul. In which
floor does Anil live?
(A) Third floor
(B) Second floor
(C) Either third floor or fourth floor
(D) Fourth floor

UGC NET-November 2017

56 In the series 1, 6, 15, 25, 45, ...... the next term will be
(A) 76 (B) 56 (C) 84 (D) 66

57 The next term in the series ABD, DGK, HMS, MTB, ... is
(A) SBL (B) PSK (C) RUH (D) NSA

58 In certain code, “COVALENT” is coded as BWPDUOFM. The code of

"ELEPHANT" will be
(A) QMUBIADHA (B) QFMFUOBIT
(C) EPHNTEAS (D) MFUIQRTW

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
59 Ajay is a friend of Rakesh. Pointing to an old man Ajay asked Rakesh wo
is he? Rakesh said "His son is my son's uncle”. The old man is related to
Rakesh as
(A) Father-in-law (B) Father
(C) Uncle (D) Grandfather

60 A postman walked 20 m straight from his office, turned right and walked
10 m. After turning left he walked 10m and after turning right walked
20m. He again turned right and walked 70m. How far he is from his
office?
(A) 40 m (B) 60 m
(C) 20 m (D) 50 m

UGC NET-January 2017

61 The missing term in the series 1, 4, 27, 16, ?, 36, 343,...... is
(A) 30 (B) 49 (C) 125 (D) 81

62 If A is coded as C, M as I, N as P, S as 0, I. as A, Pas N, E as M, O as E and

C as S, then the code of COMPANIES will be
(A) SPEINMOAC (B) NCPSEIOMA
(C) SMOPIEACN (D) SEINÇPAMO

63 The next term in the following series

(A) TLO (B) QOL
(C) QLO (D) GQP

64 Ali buys a glass, a pencil box and a cup and pays 21 to the shopkeeper.
Rakesh buys a cup, two pencil boxes and a glass and pays *28 to the
shopkeeper. Preeti buys two glasses, a cup and two pencil boxes and
pays 35 to the shopkeeper. The cost of 10 cups will be
(A) 740. (B) 60 (C) 80 (D) 70

UGC NET-July 2016

65 In the series 3, 11, 23, 39, 59, ........, the next term will be
(A) 63 (B) 73 (C) 83. (D) 93

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
66 A person walks 10 m infront and 10 m to the right. Then, every time
turning to his left, he walks 5, 15 and 15 m, respectively How far is he
now from his starting point?
(A) 20 m (B) 15 m (C) 10 m (D) 5 m

67 In certain code, SELECTION is coded as QCJCARGML. The code of

AMERICANS will be
(A) YKCPGAYLQ (B) BNFSJDBMR
(C) QLYAGPCKY (D) YQKLCYPAG

68 A is sister of B. F is daughter of G. C is mother of B. D is father of C. E is

mother of D. A isrelated to D as to
(A) granddaughter (B) daughter
(C) daughter-in-law (D) sister

69 Two railway tickets from city A to B and three tickets from city A to C
cost ₹177. Three tickets from city A to B and two tickets from city A to C
cost ₹173. The fare for city B from city A will be
(A) ₹25 (B) ₹27 (C) ₹ 30 (D)₹ 33

UGC NET-December 2015

70 The next term in the series B2E, D5H. F12K, H27N, ? is
(A) J58Q (B) J56I
(C) I62Q (D) Q62J

71 P and Q are brothers. R and S are sisters. The son of P is brother of S. Q

is related to R as
(A) father (B) son
(C) brothers (D) uncle

72 A party was held in which a grandmother, father, mother, four sons,

their wives and one son and two daughters to each of the sons were
present. The number of females present in the party is
(A) 24 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 18

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
73 Anil after travelling 6 km towards East from his house realised that he
has travelled in a wrong direction. He turned and travelled 12 km
towards West, turned right and travelled 8 km to reach his office. The
straight distance of the office from his house is
(A) 10 km (B) 20 km (C) 14 km (D) 12 km

74 At present a person is 4 times older than his son and is 3 yr older than
his wife. After 3 yr the age of the son will be 15 yr. The age of the
person's wife after 5 yr will be
(A) 42 yr (B) 48 yr
(C) 45 yr (D) 50 yr

75 The next term in the series 2, 5, 9, 19. 37, ? is

(A) 73 (B) 75,
(C) 78 (D) 80

76 In a certain code MATHURA is coded as JXQEROX. The code of HOTELS

will be
(A) LEQIBP (B) ELQBIP
(C) LEBIQP (D) ELIPOB

77 A girl introduced a boy as the son of the daughter of the father of her
uncle. The boy is related to the girl as
(A) brother (B) uncle
(C) nephew (D) son

78. One day Prakash left home and walked 10 km towards South, turned
right and walked 5 km. turned right and walked 10 km and Turned left
and walked 10 km. How many Kilometer will he have to walk to reach his
home straight?
(A) 10 (B) 20
(C) 15 (D) 30

UGC NET-December 2014

79 The next term in the series 2, 7, 28, 63, 126, ... is
(A) 215 (B) 245
(C) 276 (D) 296

80 The next term in the series BA, ED, IH, NM, ...... is

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(A) TS (B) ST
(C) TU (D) SU

81 If STREAMERS is coded as UVTGALDQR, then KNOWLEDGE will be coded

as
(A) MQPYLCDFD (B) MPQYLDCFD
(C) PMYQLDFCD (D) YMQPLDDFC

82 The mean of the ages of father and his son is 27 yr After 18 yr, father will
be twice as old as his son. Their present ages are
(A) 42, 12 (B) 40, 143
(C) 30, 24 (D) 36, 18

83 Two numbers are in the ratio 3:5. If 9 is becomes 12:23. The numbers
are
(A) 30,50 (B) 36, 60
(C) 33, 55 (D) 42, 70

UGC NET-June 2014

84 If the series 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 17, 22, ......... is continued in the same
pattern, which one of the following is not a term of this series?
(A) 31 (B) 32
(C) 33 (D) 35

85 Complete the series BB, FE, IT, ML, PP, ... by choosing one of the
following option given
(A) TSE (B) ST .
(C) RSS (D) SRO

86 A is the brother of B, B is the brother of C, C is the husband of D and E is

the father of A. D is related to E as
(A) daughter (B) daughter-in-law
(C) sister-in-law (D) sister

87 A man started walking from his house towards South. After walking 6
km, he 11 turned to his left and walked 5 km. Then, he walked further 3
km after turning left. He, then turned to his left and continued his walk
for 9 km. How far is he away from his house?
(A)3 km (B) 4 km

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
(C) 5 km (D) 6 km

88 In a post office, stamps of three different denominations of 7,78 and 10

are available. The exact amount for which one cannot buy stamps is
(A) 19 (B) 20
(C) 23 (D) 29

89 One writes all numbers from 50 to 99 without the digits 2 and 7. How
many numbers have been written?
(A) 32 (B) 36
(C) 40 (D) 38

90 Anil is twice as old as Sunita. 3 yr ago he was three times as old as

Sunita. The present age of Anil is .

(A) 6 yr (B) 8 yr
(C) 12 yr (D) 16 yr
91. A person has to buy both apples and mangoes. The cost of one apple is 7
whereas that of a mango is * 5. If the person has *38, the number of
apples he can buy is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

92 The odd numbers from 1 to 45 which are exactly divişible by 3 are

arranged in an ascending order. The number at 6th I position is:
(A) 18 (B) 24
(C) 33 (D) 36

93 The sum of the ages of two persons A and B is 50, 5 yr ago, the ratio of
their ages was 5/3. The present age of A and B are
(A) 30 and 20 (B) 35 and 15
(C) 38 and 12 (D) 40 and 10

Answer Practice Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A D D D B C B D B A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B A C D D A C D B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
D C B C C B D D D A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A C C B D B A B C C
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
A C D D C A C C D C
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
D C A D C C A A C C
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
B B E A C E C D C A
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
C D D A D A B E E C
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
C E B C E A A C C A
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
B C C D D D D C C B
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
A D C E D B C B D A
111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
D D D C B D A A B A
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
A B D C D A C C C B
131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
B B B A D D D B B B
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
C C A C D B C C D B
151 152 153 154 155 156 157
A A C C B C C

Answer UGC-NET 2021

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D D A A C C B B D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C D C D B D C C A D

Answers UGC-NET 2020

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D A B D B C A C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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 UNIT- V MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND APTITUDE
A D C C D D C D B C
21 22 23 24 25
B B B B A

Answers previous yesrs 2019 - 2014

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B C A A A B C C B C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A B A A A B C D A D
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B D A B D D A A B A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B C B A C C B B C C
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
D C A C A D D C A B
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
C B A A C D A B B D
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
C D B D C D A A D A
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
D C A D B B A C A A
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
B A C C A B C A A C
91 92 93
D C A

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