3 - AVERAGES Sum of given observations s Average (A) = No. of observations n s A n CONCEPT
Average
12, 18, 24 18 +5 17, 23, 29 23 –7 5, 11, 17 11 ×2 24, 36, 48 36 3 4, 6, 8 6 If all the numbers get increased by ‘x’ then their average must be increased by ‘x’.
If all the numbers get decreased by ‘x’, then their average must be decreased by ‘x’.
If all the numbers are multiplied by ‘x’, then their average must be multiplied by ‘x’.
If all the numbers are divided by ‘x’, then their average must be divided by ‘x’. 01. The average marks obtained by a group of 178 students are 69. If each student is now awarded 4 grace marks then what would be the resultant average? (a) 73 (b) 182 (c) 65 (d) 174 Example :The average of x numbers is 3x, if x–1 is subtracted from each given number, what will be the new average? (a) 2x+1 (b) 3(x–1) (c) 2x–1 (d) 3x+1 02. The average of 24 numbers is 32. If each number is tripled, then what would be the resultant average? (a) 72 (b) 96 (c) 27 (d) 35 03. Which of the following assertions are CORRECT? P: Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the mean of the list Q: Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the standard deviation of the list R: Doubling each entry in a list doubles the mean of the list S: Doubling each entry in a list leaves the standard deviation of the list unchanged (GATE_2012) a) P, Q b) Q, R c) P, R d) R, S Example: The average age of a couple 7 years ago was 24 years. During this period a child is born and the average age of the couple including child at present is 22 years. Then find the present age of the child (in years). (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 3 04. The average age of a family of 7 members is 29 years, and the youngest boy is 5 years old. What was the average age of the family just before the birth of this boy? (a) 34years (b) 28years (c) 24years (d) 29years CONCEPT If the terms are in A.P and the number of terms is ‘odd’ then the average will be equal to the middle term (or) the average of the smallest and the largest of that group. Example: The average of seven consecutive natural numbers is 22. What is the product of the smallest and the second largest numbers? (a) 475 (b) 380 (c) 154 (d) 456 Example: If the mean of 5 observations x, x+2, x+4, x+6 and x+8 is 11, then the mean of the last three observations is (a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 17 05. What is the average of all multiples of 10 from 2 to 198? (GATE_2014) (a) 90 (b) 100 (c) 110 (d) 120 06. In a sequence of 12 consecutive odd numbers, the sum of the first 5 numbers is 425. What is the sum of the last 5 numbers in the sequence? (GATE_2014) CONCEPT If the terms are in A.P and the number of terms is ‘even’ then we cannot have the exact middle term in such a case the average will be equal to the average of the ‘middle two terms’ or the average of the smallest and the largest of that group. Example: The average of eight consecutive odd numbers is 34. What is the second smallest of these numbers? (a) 31 (b) 27 (c) 29 (d) 39 07. The sum of eight consecutive odd numbers is 656. the average of four consecutive even numbers is 87. What is the sum of the smallest odd number and second largest even number (GATE-14) CONCEPT Including Model Example: The average weight of 35 students in a class is 38 kg. If the teacher is also included the average increases to 39 kg. The weight of the teacher is (a) 39 kg (b) 74 kg (c) 73 kg (d) 75 kg 11. For the past days, the average daily production at a company was 100 units per day. If today’s production of 180 units changes the average to 110 units per day, what is the value of ? (GATE_2022) (a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 5 CONCEPT Excluding Model Example: The average height of a group of 8 boys is 159 cm. If one of them is excluded from the group the average height of the group increases by 2 cm. Find the height of the boy excluded. (a) 147cm (b) 173 cm (c) 145 cm (d) 175 cm Example: There are 50 students in a class, whose average weight is 45 kg. When one student leaves the class the average weight reduces by 100g. What is the weight of the student who left the class? (a) 45 kg (b) 47.9 kg (c) 49.9 kg (d) 40.1 kg 14. The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 years older than captain. If the average age of remaining 9 members is one year less than the average age of the whole team then average age of the whole team is (a) 22 years (b) 23 years (c) 25 years (d) 24 years CONCEPT Replacement Model Example: The average weight of 20 students in a class is increased by 0.75 kg when one of the students weighing 30 kg is replaced by a new student. Weight of the new student (in kg.) is (a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 50 Example: The average age of 18 children has decreased by 2 months when one of them whose age is 17 years is replaced by a new boy. Find the age of the new boy? (a) 14 years (b) 15 years (c) 20 years (d) 21 years Example: The average age of 8 men is increased by 2 years when two of them whose ages are 21 and 23 years are replaced by two new men. The average age of the two new men is (a) 22 years (b) 24 years (c) 28 years (d) 30 years Example: The average of 9 numbers is 39. While calculating the average, one number is taken as 25 instead of 52. What is the correct average? (a) 42 (b) 37 (c) 11 (d) 7 09. The average marks of 14 students is calculated as 71.But it was later found that the marks of one student had been wrongly entered as 42 instead of 56 and another as 74 instead of 32.The correct average is (a) 67 (b) 73 (c) 69 (d) 71 10. The average weight of 45 students in a class is 52 kg. Five of them whose average weight is 48 kg leave the class and other 5 students whose average weight is 54 kg join the class. What is the new average weight (in kg) of the class? (a) 52 1/3 (b) 52 1/2 (c) 53 2/3 (d) None of these 08. In the summer of 2012, in New Delhi, the mean temperature of Monday to Wednesday was 41°C and of Tuesday to Thursday was 43°C. If the temperature on Thursday was 15% higher than that of Monday, then the temperature in °C on Thursday was (GATE_2013) (a) 40 (b) 43 (c) 46 (d) 49 12. The average of the monthly salaries of M, N and S is ₹ 4000. The average of the monthly salaries of N, S and P is ₹ 5000. The monthly salary of P is ₹ 6000. What is the monthly salary of M as a percentage of the monthly salary of P? (GATE_2022) (a) 50% (b) 75% (c) 100% (d) 125% 13. The average of 11 results is 50. If the average of the first 6 results is 49 and that of the last 6 is 52, find the sixth result? (a) 50 (b) 52 (c) 56 (d) 60 15. The table below has question-wise data on the performance of students in an examination. The marks for each question are also listed. There is no negative or partial marking in the examination. What is the average of the Marks obtained by the class in the examination? (GATE_2014) Q.No. Marks Answered Correctly Answered Wrongly Not Attempted 1 2 21 17 6 2 3 15 27 2 3 2 23 18 3 (a) 1.34 (b) 1.74 (c) 3.02 (d) 3.91
