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Storing Digital Data

The document discusses how computers use binary numbers and digital data to store and represent various types of information like text, images, sound and video. It explains concepts like bits, bytes, ASCII and Unicode character encoding, pixels and color depth in images, sampling rates for sound and video, and more.

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58 views48 pages

Storing Digital Data

The document discusses how computers use binary numbers and digital data to store and represent various types of information like text, images, sound and video. It explains concepts like bits, bytes, ASCII and Unicode character encoding, pixels and color depth in images, sampling rates for sound and video, and more.

Uploaded by

imrayyantube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 01

THE NATURE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Slides by
Ms Abeera Sikandar
lecturer
bahria college anchorage
computer sciences
What is digital data?
What does a computer use digital data for?

The 1’s and 0’s inside the computer cam be used to store:

 Yes and no(true or false)


 Numbers
 Instructions that tell computer what to do
 Other digital content such as text, images & sounds.
Binary Numbers

The number system that a computer uses has two different digits: 1 and 0.
This is called the binary number system
The ‘bi’ in the word means ‘binary’ means two.
Storing text using Binary Numbers
When a computer uses binary to store data, it uses codes.
To a computer, the WORD “Hello” looks like this:
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111

In an IMAGE, codes are used to represent colours.


In MUSIC file, codes can be used to represent different instruments.
Storing text using Binary Numbers
What is an instruction?
A computer instruction is an order given to a
computer processor by a computer program.

How the instructions are stored using


Binary Numbers
The instructions in computer programs are stored in
binary.
The instructions are written in human alphabets and
symbols.
They must be converted into binary so computer can
store and use them,
ACTIVITY

11
ACTIVITY

01, 11, 11, 00, 11, 11, 10, 00,


11, 01, 01, 10
Why do computers use digital data?

 Computers are powered by microprocessor.


 Microprocessor is made up of billions of tiny switches.
 Which can either be ON or OFF.
 Microprocessor is called a digital device since it only
understands two switch positions. ON or OFF, 0 or 1.
 Where 0 and 1 are digital data, that is why digital microprocessor
cam read only digital data.
Understanding binary
Base 10 and base 2 numbers
The decimal number system uses 10 digits (0 to 9). The value of each column in a
decimal number is 10 times greater than the previous column,

The binary number system uses two digits (0 and 1 ). The value of each column in a
binary number is 2 times greater than previous column.
How to read binary?
The easiest way to read binary is to convert it into decimal number.

NOW… How can we convert that??


1. Draw a table like this:

2. Write the binary number you want to convert.

3. Multiply each digit in the number with the column value


4. Add the results together.
That’s it…
HOMEWORK
WORKSHEET
Bits
Each digit in a binary number is called a bit.
In Binary number 1101, there are 4 bits.
The word bit is short for “binary digit”.

Bytes
Byte is a group of 8 bits.
11110010 is 1 byte .(8 bits)
Language of Numbers
Ten and eleven are examples of names of numbers in decimal system.

11 is called eleven in decimal


But 11 is called one-one in binary.
Simple addition in decimal
Adding in binary
Adding in binary
Adding in binary

8s 4s 2s Units

Number 1

Number 2

Carry

Sum
Adding bytes
Adding bytes

128s 64s 32s 16s 8s 4s 2s Units


Number 1

Number 2

Carry
Sum
Binary place values
Converting decimal number into binary
Let’s Start!
First value is 20
Converting decimal number into binary
Converting decimal number into binary
Largest Number that can be converted into binary with 8 bits:
Overflow
If you try to store a number bigger than 255 with 8 bits, it will
cause an overflow error.
Worked Example:
What is a value?
The numbers that we use in daily life and used in calculations e.g
addition, multiplication, is called value.
Other type of contents:
Numbers are stored in Binary in computer, We know this
But what about other types of contents
Text
Sound
Image

All these types of contents are converted into


numbers and then computer makes up their binary
to understand them.
Storing text using ASCII:
Text includes letters, punctuation marks,
and other characters that a keyboard is
having.

Computer uses number code to represent


these characters.
It is called ASCII (ask-ee)
How to use ASCII:
i. When you press a key on keyboard…
ii. it sends a signal to processor…
iii. Signal varies according to key pressed…
iv. & Processor stores ascii (in binary) for
that key…

For example, a is stored as 01100001 (97)


b is stored as 01100010(98) and so on
ASCII stores 8 bits for a character.
Storing other characters in ASCII:
Numbers in ASCII:
Problem with ASCII:
ASCII is designed to convert ENGLISH into binary.

What about other languages??


UNICODE is another improved code for Arabic, Mandarin, Japenese and many
other languages.
Difference in ASCII & UNICODE:

ASCII can old 8 bits(1 byte) to store one UNICODE can hold more than 1 bytes for
character. one character.

It is for English Language only. It has all the languages in world.


Digital Images
Digital Image is made up of tiny squared called Pixels.

What is a Pixel??
Pixel is a small picture element. Pixels are organized in rows and columns.
Digital Images
Each pixel stores a single colour. Our brain blends different colors together into a
realistic image.
That image is called a bitmap image.
Storing 2 colours:
More than 1 colour:
The computer uses twpo bits to store
the colour information about a single
pixel.

Black 00
Red 01
Blue 10
white 11
True colors:
True colours is a method where 3 bytes are used to store information
about a single pixel.

Resolution:
The number of pixels in an image
is called resolution

Colour depth:
Using more colours is called colour depth in an image.
Digital Sound:
Computer cannot save continuous data.
It converts it into chunks by process called
Sampling.

Sampling rate is number of sample taken in 1 second.


Digital Video:

Again, Sampling is done to capture the slices of an event that


happens continuously.
The slices are now called frames.

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