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Lecture 4 Digital Input

The document discusses digital input and output ports on microcontrollers. It describes the registers used to control input and output pins and shows examples of connecting switches to read digital inputs. It also covers issues of switch bouncing and various techniques for debouncing switches in software.

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mythemyaseen6
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29 views16 pages

Lecture 4 Digital Input

The document discusses digital input and output ports on microcontrollers. It describes the registers used to control input and output pins and shows examples of connecting switches to read digital inputs. It also covers issues of switch bouncing and various techniques for debouncing switches in software.

Uploaded by

mythemyaseen6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CMP3006

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
PROGRAMMING
LECTURE 4 DIGITAL INPUT
Digital I/O Ports
•3 8-bit Ports (B, C, D)
•Each port controlled by 3 8-bit registers
• Each bit controls one I/O pin
• DDRx – Direction register
• Defines whether a pin is an input (0) or and output (1)
• PINx – Pin input value
• Reading this “register” returns value of pin
• PORTx – Pin output value
• Writing this register sets value of pin
Switches as Digital Input
Mechanical
Connecting Switches to a Digital System
Single-pole double-throw (SPDT) connection
1 (HIGH)
0 (LOW)

𝜇𝐶
Connecting Switches to a Digital System
Single-pole single-throw (SPST) connection

𝜇𝐶
𝜇𝐶
Connecting Switches to a Digital System
Single-pole single-throw (SPST) connection
Pullup &Pulldown

𝜇𝐶
𝜇𝐶
I/O Ports
•Internal Pullups
• If a pin is an input (DDRxi = 0):
• PORTxi = 0 – pin is floating
• PORTxi = 1 – connects a pullup to the pin
• Keeps pin from floating if no one driving
• Allows wired-OR bus

DDRxi PORTxi Function


0 0 Input - Floating
0 1 Input – internal Pullup connected
1 0 Output LOW
1 1 Output HIGH
DDRx = 0

Pin Input
off

PORTx

PINx
Counting Event with Buttons (Switch)
Mechanical

loop()={0;
count
loop()
presses
b = digitalRead(0);
{= false;
loop()
if(b
b = digitalRead(0);
=={ 1){
if(b
b =
//digitalRead(0);
==
PRESSED
1){
if(b
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
count++;
== 1 && !pressed){
} count++;
}else{
pressed = true;
} digitalWrite(13,LOW);
}
else if(b==0)
} pressed = false;
}
Bouncing

000000000000101010111111111111111111111
Debouncing
Debouncing
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SOLUTIONS
Use switch debouncers like the MAX681
Software debouncing
Delay
Wait until input stabilizes

Counter
Count input states

Shift Register
Search for pattern (rising/falling edge)
Bouncing
Shift Register

int state =0;


loop() { 000000000000101010111111111111111111111
b = digitalRead(0);
state= (state<<1) | b ;
if(State==b01111111){
// PRESSED
}

0111111111111

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