Social Studies

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sely XClass Common Notes Paper
II (Part- 1)
a TIME LINE
decline in
ownership
erated for theof
p
means
nderden Beginning of First World War
1914

const
ine
rain wel
those fane
Afare of
of pe
Russian Revolution
1917
whoho oppos
parl
ing Naziiament
liament. regime.andnd rulek.
a
rule by
End of First World War
1918

order to by Treaty of Versailles

terests in international
protect 1919
their Formation of USSR
1922

Great Depression
1929

d War Hitler becomes the

-

I of Germany Chancellor
39-45) 1933

Beginning of Second World

War
1939
Consequences End of Second World
War
1945
Enormous human ost
Formation of UNO
1945
Several
born
new countries
across
Africa.Asia and

Colonies got
ANALYSE &ASSESS 1
1 Make a table to show Allies, Axis
independence on different sides of
and Central
the World Wars: powers, participated with
Austria, USSR (Russia), following countries
Change in Balance of France, Italy, U.S.A. (AS) Germany, Britain,
Power in the worldd Japan,
Alliances
Countries
Formation of United Allies Britain, Russia, France, U.S.A
Nations Organisation i) Axis powers Germany, Italy and Japan during World War II -

ii) Central powers

11) Germany, Italy, Austria, Hungary and Turkey during World War -

I
(OR)
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 Common Notes Paper-
X CE
S e c r e t A l i a n c e

T h e s e c r e t a l l i a n c

Social Studies
Bismarck made TD
I
World War Powers i)
-

A. Axis and Central F r a n c e

ar

AlliedPowers ii) R u s s i a ,

felt

USSR (withdrawn in 1917)

Austria iii)
Militarism: It
was

Romania
Germany s o l v e p r o b l e m s .

ii)
I m m e d i a t e P r o v o c a t i

ii) Britain Turkey Archduke Franz Ferd

Italy on

iv) France
Bulgaria Second World War.
of
Hitler

USA (entered in 1917)

i n v a s i o n

of
think any
World War II don't
by i
I
-

other
Powers
Axis and Central each
Allied Powers
a c c u s e

features
if these
Germany Even
there to
Poland agencies
are

ii) France Italy t e m p o r a r y r e a s o n s .

fe-
Japan of the
ii) England i)
Some
Aggressive Nan
iv) Russia (USSR) secr
Unlike the
)USA during World ii) and associatio-

nationalism influence
desire for War
nation states and common featu
How did the idea of
individual identifying
with or 1
Wars? (AS) involves an Even though,
Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that ii) which lead to
nation.
becoming attached to, one's
The ideology of nationalism
was a positive impulse. Russian Revolution

i) nation states. challenges did the

ii) It was the foundation of modern
But later it became aggressive
nationalism. The changes broug
ii)
oneself and hatred against neighbours. i) Russian Revc
iv) It is used to create pride in
of victories with it. ii) Nationalisati
v) Fascists in Italy tried to build images
of Europe.
Germans against other nations was confiscat

vi) Nazis of Germany mobilised

War. iii) Nationalisat
vii) These incidents led to World influenced the desire for war
the idea of nation states and nationalism the strict com
viii) Thus, we can say
during World Wars.
iv) Purchased ir
features
Wars? Do you think any of these v) Power to lo-
various causes of two World
3.
3. Write a short note on local Soviet-
even today incountries around the World? How? (AS,
are prevalent vi) Building a
A. Causes of two World Wars:
of Lenintri
Aggressive Nationalism:
unification of Italy and vii) They wante
The idea of nationalism was the foundation of the nation states and
i) The challenges f
Germany. i) Thousands
But it developed in negative sense and created
hatred among neighbours.
i) was
peasants in
Imperialism: n ii) The indust
safe investment opportunities
i) European nations and their functional institutions looked for workers m
colonies thus created race for colonies.
ii) There was
ii) They need markets for their products and access to raw materials. iv) A severed
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in Haryana
67 as compared XClass
ii) There
are
bove several cancan Social Sth
XClass X Class Social Studies Common
Notes Paper- Il
Secret Alliances: (Part-1)
)The secret alliances also played a vital role in the two
ii) Bismarck made Triple Alliance with world wars.
Austria and Italy in 1882.
i) Russia, France and Britain formed
the Triple Entente in 1907.
Militarism: It was felt that military might be the best way to ensure security and war is the
solve problems. way to
Immediate Provocations: The immediate
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria provocation of First World War was the murder of
by a Serbian Fanatic on
28th June, 1914. Whereas the
invasion of Hitler on Poland in 1939 for the
cause of Danzig Port was the immediate cause of
Second World War.
I don't think any of the above features
accuse each other by these terms.
are prevalent even today. But sometimes the countries

Even if these features are

developed by the international organisation like U.N.O. Human Rights
agencies are there to pacify the parties and to decrease the tension. Still wars are
temporary reasons.
taking place for
i) Some of the features like forming associations and alliances, forming Military blocks, and
Aggressive Nationalism are prevalent even today.
r during World ) Unlike the secret alliances during the times of World Wars, the formation of regional blocks
and associations for the realisation of political, economic and cultural goals has been a
entifying with or common feature today. Ex: SAARC, G - 8, G - 4, G - 77 etc.
ii) Even though, these features are continued, by the efforts of U.N.O, NAM, the consequences
which lead to dangerous wars are absolutely minimal.

4. Russian Revolution brought in many changes in their society. What were they? And what
challenges did they face? (AS,)
A. The changes brought by Russian Revolution in their society were:
i) Russian Revolution brought many social, economic and political changes in theirsociety.
ii) Nationalisation of all land and its redistribution to the peasants: The land of the landlords
was confiscated and was handed over to the tenants and peasants.

desire for war ii) Nationalisation of all factories and banks: Lenin confiscated all private factories, declared
the strict control of the state over those factories.
iv) Purchased immediate peace with Germany.
Power to local Soviets: After the revolution, Lenin's government decided to give power
thesefeatures to
v)
local Soviets.
vi) Building a country without exploiters: After Revolution, the Soviets under the leadership
of Lenin tried to build a society without exploiters like feudal lords, kings or capitalists.

and vii) They wanted to build a industrialised and modern society.

on of Italy The challenges faced by the Revolutionaries were:
i) Thousands of large farmers and feudal lords were not ready to hand over their land to the
peasants in rural areas
i) The industrialists and capitalists were also not ready to surrender their factories to the
Pportunities in
workers managing bodies.
ii) There was a rapid fall in agricultural and industrial production immediately after Revolution.
iv) A severe drought occurred in 1921.

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