Lab 2 Hyrdro 1

FLUID MECHANICS – LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.
5
Group No.: 8
Date Performed: February7, 2024
STABILITY OF A FLOATING BODY

OBJECTIVE: The question of the stability of a body, such s ship, which floats in the surface of a liquid, is
one of obvious importance. Whether the equilibrium is stable, neutral or unstable is determined by the
height of its gravity, and in this experiment the stability of a pontoon may be determined with its center of
gravity at various heights. A comparison with calculated stability may also be made.
APPARATUS: Floating body, Basin
PROCEDURE
1. The pontoon shown in Fig. Ihas a rectangular platform and is provided with a rigid sail. A jockey
weight may be traverse in preset steps and at various heights across the pontoon, along slots in the sail.
Angles of tilt are shown by over an angular scale, as indicated in Fig. 1(a). the movement of a plumbline
2. The height of the center of the gravity of the whole assembly is first measured, for one chosen height of
the jockey weight. The pontoon is suspended from the hole on one side of the sail, as indicated in Fig.
1(b) and the jockey is placed at such a position in the line of the symmetry as to cause the pontoon to
hang with its base roughly vertical. A plumbline is hung from the suspension point. The height of the
center of the gravity G of the whole suspended assembly then lies at the point where the plumbline
intersects the line of symmetry of the pontoon. This establishes the position of G for this jockey height.
Marked and measured the G for this jockey height which will be used in calculating the G for any other
jockey height.
3. After measuring the external width and length of the pontoon, and noting the weights of the various
components, the pontoon is floated in water.
4. With the jockey weight on the line of symmetry, small magnetic weights are used to trim the assembly
to even kneel, indicated by a zero reading on the angular scale. The jockey is then moved in steps across
the width of the pontoon, the corresponding angle of tilt (over a range which is typically 8 degrees) being
recorded at each step. This procedure is then repeated with the jockey traversed at several different
heights.
RESULTS AND CALCULATION
WEIGHT AND DIMENSION OF PONTOON

p = water density
Total weight of floating assembly (Pontoon + Jockey) (W) kg

Adjustable Weight or Jocket Weight (w) kg
Breadth of Pontoon (D) m
Length of Pontoon (L) m
Second Moment of Area I = (LD^3)/12 m^4
Volume of Water Displace V = W/p m^3
Height of Metacenter Above Center of Buoyancy BM = I/V m
Depth of Immersion of Pontoon = V/LD m
Depth of Center of Buoyancy CB = V/2LD m
Height of Center of Buoyancy Above O, OB=CB=OC/2
Fig. 2
HEIGHT OF CENTER OF GRAVITY
It is suggested that fig. 2 is marked up to be referred to each time the apparatus is used. Note that
when measuring the heights y and yl, as it is only convenient to measure from the inside floor of the
pontoon, the thickness of the sheet metal bottom should be added to y and yl measurements. The
thickness of the material from which the pontoon is made is assumed to be 2mm. The position of G (and
hence the value of y) and a corresponding value of y was marked earlier in the experiment when the
assembly was balanced.
Using one set of results for the center of gravity of the pontoon and the height of the jockey
weight from the earlier experiment (procedure 2) when the assembly was balanced and the center of
gravity was marked, then y and yl can be measured and the constant A calculated. This can be used in
calculation for subsequent height of y and yl which can be checked against the marking made earlier.
y1 32.2 26.2 20.7 15.2 9.7

y 8.7
A = is a constant which pertains to the center of gravity of the pontoon and the height of the jockey
weight.
y=y1 (w/W) + A
DETERMINATION OF METACENTRIC HEIGHT, GM
Values of angles of list produced by lateral movement of the adjusted weight yl should be recorded.
Note: decide which side of the sail center line is to be termed negative and then term list angles on that
side negative.
Height of Angles of list for adjusted weight lateral displacement from sail center
the
adjusted
Weight, y1
mm
-45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45
- - 5 - 5 - -
- 7.5 3.4 - 3.4 7.5 -
- 6 3 - 3 6 -
7.5 5.5 2.5 - 2.5 5.5 7.5
5.5 3.5 2 - 2 3.5 5.5
For the five values of yl and the corresponding values of dx1/de can be extracted. Using the equation
below, the value of GM can be obtained. Knowing the immersion depth, values of CG can be derived.
Also, since CM=CG+GM. values of CM can be calculated. The above values should be calculated and
arranged in tabular form.
BM=CM+CB
GM= (w/W) (dx 1/60) =_________ mm/degree x 57.3 = _________mm/rad
Height of Height of G dx1/dθ Metacentric Height of M BM

Adjusted above water (mm/degree) height GM above water (mm)
weight y1, mm surface CG, (mm/rad) surface, CM
mm (mm)
The Values of dx1/dθ can now be plotted against CG, the height of G above the water line, Extrapolation
of this plot will indicate the limiting value of CG above which the pontoon will be unstable.
CG=CM-GM
COMPUTATION:
LABORATORY SET-UP:
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:
1. Determine the density, specific volume, and volume of an object that weighs 3N in water and 4N
in oil with specific gravity of 0.83.
ACTUAL WEIGHT (W) = Density (p) x p(6*10-4)*9.81=4+830*5.9962*10-4*9.81 v = V/m

Volume (V) x Gravity (g)
p = 1510 kg/m^3 m = pV
pVg (water) = 3 + 1000(V)(9.81) m = 1510(6x10^-4)
pVg (oil) = 4 + (0.83)(1000)(V)(9.81) m = 0.906 kg
pVg (oil) = pVg (water)
v = 6x10^-4/0.906
4 + (0.83)(1000)(V)(9.81) = 3 + 1000(V)(9.81) v = 0.000662 m^3/kg
V = 0.000599 m^3 or 6x10^-4 m^3
2. A scow 20ft wide and 60 ft long has a gross weight of 225 short tons (2000 lb). Its center of
gravity is Ift above the water surface. Find the metacentric height and the restoring couple when
Δy = Ift.
Displacement (Δ)=225 short tons×2000 lbs/short ton = 450,000 lbs

Bo = 1ft/2 = 0.5ft
I = 1ft; Bo = 0.5ft
Metacentric Height (MG) = 1−0.5 = 0.5 ft
Restoring Couple (RC) = Δ×MG 450,000x 0.5ft = 225,000 ft-lbs
RC = 225,000 ft-lbs when Δy = Ift.
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FLUID MECHANICS – LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.

STABILITY OF A FLOATING BODY

RESULTS AND CALCULATION

WEIGHT AND DIMENSION OF PONTOON

Total weight of floating assembly (Pontoon + Jockey) (W) kg

y1 32.2 26.2 20.7 15.2 9.7

DETERMINATION OF METACENTRIC HEIGHT, GM

Height of Height of G dx1/dθ Metacentric Height of M BM

ACTUAL WEIGHT (W) = Density (p) x p(610-4)9.81=4+8305.996210-4*9.81 v = V/m

Displacement (Δ)=225 short tons×2000 lbs/short ton = 450,000 lbs

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