 Define Resistivity (ρ ) (or) Define specific resistance.

Resistivity is defined as the resistance of an electrolyte confined between two electrodes

having unit cross sectional area and are separated by a unit distance.

If
Unit of resistivity is ohm metre (Ωm).

The ratio is called the cell constant.

 Define Conductivity (or) Define specific conductance.
The reciprocal of the specific resistance is called the specific conductance(or) conductivity.

If .
The specific conductance is defined as the conductance of a cube of an electrolytic
solution of unit dimensions.
The SI unit of specific conductance is .
 Define Molar conductivity
Molar conductance is defined as the conductance of 'V' m 3 of electrolytic solution
containing one mole of electrolyte in a conductivity cell in which the electrodes are one
metre apart.
 Hence
 Define equivalent conductance (Λ )
Equivalent conductance is defined as the conductance of 'V' m 3 of electrolytic solution
containing one gram equivalent of electrolyte in a conductivity cell in which the electrodes
are one metre apart.

Where the specific conductance and N is the normality electrolytic solution.

 List the factors affecting electrolytic conductance.
 If the interionic attraction between the oppositely charged ions increases, the
conductance will decrease.
 Solvent of higher dielectric constant show high conductance in solution.
 Conductivity increases with the decrease in viscosity.
 Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of the ions and decreases the
attractive force between the oppositely charged ions and hence conductivity increases.
 Molar conductance increases with increase in dilution. This is because, for a strong
electrolyte, interionic forces of attraction decrease with dilution. For a weak
electrolyte, degree of dissociation increases with dilution.
 Why does conductivity of a solution decrease on dilution of the solution?
Conductivity always decreases with dilution. This can be explained by the fact that the
number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in a
 Explain the measurement of conductivity of ionic solutions

 The conductivity of an electrolytic solution is determined by using a Wheatstone

bridge, in which one resistance is replaced by a conductivity cell filled with the
electrolytic solution.
 AC current is used for this measurement to prevent electrolysis.
 A Wheatstone bridge is constructed using known resistances P, Q, a variable resistance
S and conductivity cell (Let the resistance of the electrolytic solution taken in it be R).
  An AC source is connected between the junctions A and C. Connect a suitable detector
(Telephone ear piece-G) between the junctions ‘B’ and ‘D’
 The variable resistance ‘S’ is adjusted until the bridge is balanced and in this conditions
there is no current flow through the detector.
 Under balanced condition,

 The resistance of the electrolytic solution (R) is calculated from the known resistance
values P, Q and ‘S’ value under balanced condition.
Conductivity calculation:
Specific conductance or conductivity of an electrolytic solution can be calculated using the
following expression.

The value of the cell constant is usually provided by the cell manufacturer.

Kohlraush deduced the following empirical relationship between the molar conductance

and the concentration of the electrolyte.

the plot of gives a straight line with a negative slope of –k and the y intercept,

. Where is called the limiting molar conductivity.

 What is limiting molar conductivity?

The molar conductivity of an electrolytic solution when its concentration approaches zero

is known as limiting molar conductivity .

 Write a note on Debye - Huckel and Onsager equation
Debye Huckel and Onsager equation is
 Where A and B are the constants which depend only on the nature of the solvent and
temperature.

D Dielectric constant of the medium,

η Viscosity of the medium
T Temperature (in Kelvin)
 State Kohlraush's law
At infinite dilution, the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is equal to the sum of
the limiting molar conductivities of its constituent ions.
For an electrolyte , the molar conductivity at infinite dilution

For a uni – univalent electrolyte such as NaCl

' State Kohlrausch Law. How is it useful to determine the molar conductivity of weak
electrolyte at infinite dilution?
At infinite dilution, the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is equal to the sum of
the limiting molar conductivities of its constituent ions.
The molar conductance of CH3COOH, can be calculated using the experimentally
determined molar conductivities of strong electrolytes HCl, NaCl and CH 3COONa.

' State Kohlraush Law. How is it useful to determine degree of dissociation of weak
electrolytes
The degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte can be calculated from the molar
conductivity at a given concentration and the molar conductivity at infinite dilution.
 According to Ostwald dilution Law,

 Differentiate between galvanic and electrolytic cells.

1. Galvanic Cell ( Voltaic cell) :
The device in which a spontaneous chemical reaction generates an electric current is
called galvanic cell. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is commonly
known as a battery.
2. Electrolytic cell:
The device in which an electric current from an external source drives a
nonspontaneous reaction is called an electrolytic cell. It converts electrical energy into
chemical energy.

 Describe the construction of Daniel cell. Write the cell reaction.

Daniel cell consists of two half cells.
Oxidation half cell
Metal strip dipped in a beaker containing aqueous solution.
Reduction half cell
Metal strip dipped in a beaker containing aqueous solution.
Joining the half cells
External circuit:
The zinc and copper strips are externally connected using a wire through a key (k) and a
voltmeter.
Salt bridge:
The electrolytic solution present in the Cathodic and anodic compartment are connected
using an inverted U tube containing a agar-agar gel mixed with an inert electrolyte such as
KCl, Na2SO4 etc.,

The solution in the salt bridge cannot get poured out, but through which the ions can
move into (or) out of the half cells.
Anodic oxidation:
Zinc is oxidised to Zn2+ ions and the electrons.

The ions enters the solution and the electrons flow through the external circuit to
copper strip.
Cathodic reduction:
Cu2+ ions in the solution accept the electrons, get reduced to copper and gets deposited
on the electrode.

The overall cell reaction

Salt bridge:
The anodic compartment solution contains more number of ions as compared to

i.e., solution is positively charged.

The Cathodic compartment solution contains more number of ions as compared to

ions, i.e., solution is negatively charged.
To maintain the electrical neutrality in both the compartments, the non-reactive ions
move from the salt bridge into the anodic compartment, and ions move from the salt
bridge into the cathodic compartment.
Completion of circuit
Electrons flow from zinc anode into the copper cathode through the external wire, at the
same time, anions move towards anode and cations move towards the cathode. This
completes the circuit.
Consumption of Electrodes
 The cell will function until the entire metallic zinc is converted in to Zn 2+ (or) the entire
Cu2+ ions are converted in to metallic copper.
 Define anode and cathode
The electrode at which the oxidation occur is called the anode.
The electrode at which the reduction occur is called the cathode.
 Write a note on Galvanic cell notation
The galvanic cell is represented by a cell diagram, for example, Daniel cell is represented
as

 In the above notation, a single vertical bar (|) represents a phase boundary and the
double vertical bar (||) represents the salt bridge.
 The anode half-cell is written on the left side of the salt bridge and the cathode half-
cell on the right side.
 The anode and cathode are written on the extreme left and extreme right,
respectively.
 The emf of the cell is written on the right side after cell diagram.
 The net redox reaction of a galvanic cell is given below

Write the half reactions and describe the cell using cell notation.
Solution:
Anodic oxidation:
Cathodic reduction :

Cell Notation is :
 Define emf of a Cell.
In a galvanic cell, the force that pushes the electrons away from the anode and pulls them
toward cathode is called the electromotive force (emf).
emf is also called as the cell potential. The SI unit of cell potential is the volt (V).
Note:
When there is one volt difference in electrical potential between the anode and cathode,
one joule of energy is released for each columb of charge that moves between them.

The emf of a cell can be considered as the sum of the electrode potentials of cathode and
anode.

It is impossible to measure the emf of a single electrode, but we can measure using a
voltmeter. If we know the emf of any one of the electrodes, we can calculate the emf of the
other electrode from the measured . Hence, we need a reference electrode whose emf
is known.
 Write a note of SHE.
 Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is used as the reference electrode.
 It consists of a platinum electrode in contact with 1M HCl solution and 1 atm hydrogen
gas.The hydrogen gas is bubbled through the solution at .
 emf of SHE has been assigned arbitrarily as zero volt.
 SHE can act as a cathode as well as an anode.
If SHE is used as an anode, the oxidation reaction is

If SHE is used as a cathode, the reduction reactions is

 How is half-cell potential of zinc electrode calculated?

The reduction potential of zinc electrode is calculated by combining it with SHE.
Step : 1
The following galvanic cell is constructed using SHE
 Step : 2
The measured emf of the above galvanic cell is
Calculation:

This is the oxidation potential zinc electrode.

The emf for the reverse reaction will give the reduction potential

 Is it possible to store copper sulphate in an iron vessel for a long time?

Given :
The reduction potential of copper is greater than the reduction potential of iron. Hence
when the copper sulphate solution is stored in iron vessel, the vessel dissolves and copper
gets precipitated, so it is not possible to store copper sulphate in iron vessel.
 Can Fe3+ oxidises Bromide to bromine under standard conditions?

Given:
Solution:

is – ve; is +ve and the cell reaction is non spontaneous. Hence Fe 3+ cannot

oxidises
 Define Electrode potential (E)
Electromotive force of a cell in which the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is on the left
and the electrode on the right is the electrode in question.
 Define Standard electrode potential (E0)
The value of the standard emf of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard
pressure is oxidised to solvated protons at the anode left hand electrode.
 Explain the thermodynamics of cell reactions
  The electrical energy produced by the galvanic cell is equal to the product of the total
charge of electrons and the emf of the cell.
 If ‘n’ moles of electrons are exchanged in the overall cell reaction, then the electrical
energy produced by the cell is

 This energy is used to do the electric work. Therefore the maximum work that can be
obtained from a galvanic cell is

 Here the sign is introduced to indicate that the work is done by the system on the
surroundings.
 From the Second Law of thermodynamics that the maximum work done by the system
is equal to the change in the Gibbs free energy of the system.

From (2) and (3)

For a spontaneous cell reactions, should be negative. The above expression (4)
indicates that should be positive to get a negative value.
 When all the cell components are in their standard state,

 The standard free energy change is related to the equilibrium constant as

 Derive an expression for Nernst equation

Nernst equation relates the cell potential and the concentration of the species involved in
an electrochemical reaction.
 The reaction quotient
We know that
The Gibbs free energy can be related to the cell emf as follows

Divide the above equation by (-nF)

The above equation is called the Nernst equation.

At 298K, the above equation becomes,

 Describe the electrolysis of molten NaCl using inert electrodes

§ The electrolytic cell consists of two iron electrodes dipped in molten NaCl and they are
connected to an external DC power supply via a key.
§ The electrode attached to the negative terminal of the power supply is called the
cathode, and the one which attached to the positive end is called the anode.
§ Once the key is closed, the external DC power supply drives the electrons to the
cathode and at the same time pull the electrons from the anode.
§ Cell reactions
At cathode: Na+ ions are reduced to liquid sodium.

At anode : Cl– ions are oxidised to chlorine gas.

The overall reaction is,

The negative value shows that the above reaction is a non-spontaneous. Hence, a
voltage greater than 6.78 V can cause the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
 State Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis
First Law:
 The mass of the substance (m) liberated at the electrode during electrolysis is directly
proportional to the quantity of charge (Q) passed through the cell.

Where is Z is known as the electro chemical equivalent of the substance.

Second Law:
When the same quantity of charge is passed through the solutions of different
electrolytes, the amount of substances liberated at the respective electrodes are directly
proportional to their electrochemical equivalents.
When Q coulomb charge is passed through the electrolytic cells containing AgNO 3, ZnSO4
and CuSO4 solutions, the masses of silver, zinc and copper deposited at the respective
electrodes be respectively.
According to faraday’s second law.

 Define electrochemical equivalent of the substance.

The electrochemical equivalent is defined as the amount of substance liberated at the
electrode by a charge of 1 coulomb.

 A solution of silver nitrate is electrolysed for 20 minutes with a current of 2 amperes.

Calculate the mass of silver deposited at the cathode.
Solution:
Electrochemical reaction at cathode is (reduction)

 A solution of a salt of metal was electrolysed for 15 minutes with a current of 0.15
amperes. The mass of the metal deposited at the cathode is 0.783g. Calculate the
equivalent mass of the metal.
Solution:
 The same amount of electricity was passed through two separate electrolytic cells
containing solutions of nickel nitrate and chromium nitrate respectively. If 2.935g of Ni
was deposited in the first cell. The amount of Cr deposited in another cell?
Give: molar mass of Nickel and chromium are 58.74 and 52gm-1 respectively.

The above reaction indicates that 2F charge is required to deposit 58.7g of Nickel from
nickel nitrate and 3F charge is required to deposit 52g of chromium.
Given that 2.935 gram of Nickel is deposited.

∴The amount of charge passed through the cell

If 0.1F is passed through chromium nitrate solution,

∴ The amount of chromium deposited

 Write a note on Leclanche cell

Anode : Zinc container
Cathode : Graphite rod in contact with MnO2
Electrolyte : Ammonium chloride and zinc chloride in water
Cell emf :
At anode : (Oxidation)

At cathode : (Reduction)
The hydrogen gas is oxidised to water by MnO2

The overall redox reaction

The ammonia produced at the cathode combines with Zn 2+ to form a complex ion

. As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of will decrease and

the aqueous NH3 will increase which lead to the decrease in the emf of cell.

 Write a note on mercury button cell

Anode : Zinc amalgam
 Cathode : HgO mixed with graphite
Electrolyte : Paste of KOH & ZnO
Cell emf :

At anode : (oxidation)

At cathode : (Reduction)
The Overall redox reaction

Uses: It is used in pacemakers, electronic watches, cameras etc…

The electrochemical reactions which take place in a galvanic cell may be reversed by applying
a potential slightly greater than the emf generated by the cell. This principle is used in
secondary batteries to regenerate the original reactants.

 Write a note on Lead storage battery

Anode : Spongy lead
Cathode : lead plate bearing PbO2
Electrolyte : 38% H2SO4
Cell emf :
At anode : (oxidation)

At cathode :

These ions combine with to from PbSO4 precipitate.

The Overall reactions is

The emf of a single cell is about 2V. Usually six such cells are combined in series to
produced 12volt
The emf of the cell depends on the concentration of H 2SO4 . As the cell reaction uses

ions, the concentration H2SO4 decreases. When the cell potential falls to about 1.8V,
the cell has to be recharged.
 Recharge of the cell
By applying a potential greater than 2V across the electrodes, the cell reactions can be
reversed. During recharge process, the role of anode and cathode is reversed and
H2SO4 is regenerated.
Oxidation occurs at the cathode ( now act as anode)

Reduction occurs at the anode (now act as cathode)

Overall reaction
 The overall cell reaction is exactly the reverse of the redox reaction which takes place
while discharging.
Uses: Used in automobiles, trains, inverters etc…

 Write a note on lithium – ion Battery

Anode : Porous graphite
Cathode : Transition metal oxide such as CoO2 .
Electrolyte : Lithium salt in an organic solvent
At anode : (oxidation)

At cathode : (reduction)
The Overall reaction is

Both electrodes allow ions to move in and out of their structures.

During discharge, the ions produced at the anode moves towards cathode through the
non – aqueous electrolyte.
When a potential greater than the emf of the cell is applied, the cell reaction is reversed
and now the ions move from cathode to anode where they become embedded on the
porous electrode. This is known as intercalation.
Uses : Used in cellular phones, laptop computer digital camera etc…
 Explain the function of H2-O2 fuel cell.
 The galvanic cell in which the energy of combustion of fuels is directly converted into
electrical energy is called the fuel cell.
 It requires a continuous supply of reactant to keep functioning. The general
representation of a fuel cell is follows

 In H2 –O2 fuel cell, hydrogen act as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant and the electrolyte
is aqueous KOH maintained at and at 20–40 atm. Porous graphite electrode
containing Ni and NiO serves as the inert electrodes.
 Hydrogen and oxygen gases are bubbled through the anode and cathode respectively.
 At anode:

(Oxidation)
 At cathode:

(Reduction)
 The overall reaction is

 The above reaction is the same as the hydrogen combustion reaction.

The redox process which causes the deterioration of metal is called corrosion.Rusting of iron
is an electrochemical process.
 Explain the Electrochemical mechanism of corrosion.
 The formation of rust requires both oxygen and water.
 Since it is an electrochemical redox process, it requires an anode and a cathode in
different places of the iron.
 The iron surface and a droplet of water on the surface form a tiny galvanic cell.

 The region enclosed by water is exposed to low amount of oxygen, it acts as anode.
The remaining area is exposed to high amount of oxygen, it acts as cathode. Thus,
based on the oxygen content an electro chemical cell is formed.
 Anode (oxidation)
Iron dissolves in the anode region

The electrons move through the metal from the anode to the cathode, where the
oxygen dissolved in water, is reduced to water.
 Cathode (reduction)
The reaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide with water gives carbonic acid which
furnishes the H+ ions for reduction.

The electrical circuit is completed by the migration of ions through water droplet.The
overall redox reactions is,

The positive emf value indicates that the reaction is spontaneous.

Fe2+ ions are further oxidised to Fe3+. , which on further reaction with oxygen to form
rust.

Other metals such as Al, Cu and Ag also undergo corrosion, but at a slower rate than
iron. For example, let us consider the oxidation of aluminium,

Al3+ , which reacts with oxygen in air to form a protective coating of Al 2O3. This coating
act as a protective film for the inner surface. So, further corrosion is prevented.
 Suggest any three methods of Protection of metals form corrosion
This can be achieved by the following methods.
 Coating metal surface by paint.
 Galvanization:
Iron is coated with zinc. Zinc is stronger reducing agent than iron and hence it can be
more easily corroded than iron.
 Cathodic protection:
Metals such as Mg (or) zinc which is corroded more easily than iron can be used as a
sacrificial anode and the iron material acts as a cathode. So iron is protected, but Mg
(or) Zn gets corroded.
 Passivation:
When the metal is treated with concentrated HNO3, a protective oxide layer is formed
on the surface of metal.
 Alloy formation:
The oxidising tendency of iron can be reduced by forming its alloy with other more
anodic metals. Example: stainless steel
 Write a note on sacrificial protection.
Sacrificial protection is the protection of iron or steel against corrosion by using a more
reactive metals such as a Pieces of zinc or magnesium alloy are attached to pump bodies
and pipes. The protected metal becomes the cathode and does not corrode. The anode
corrodes, thereby providing the desired sacrificial protection.
1. The number of electrons that have a total charge of 9650 coulombs is
a) 6.22 ×1023 b) 6.022 ×1024
c) 6.022 ×1022 c) 6.022 ×10−34
2. Consider the following half-cell reactions:

for the reaction and the possibility of the forward

reaction are respectively.
a) 2.69V and spontaneous b) -2.69 and non-spontaneous
c) 0.33V and Spontaneous d) 4.18V and non-spontaneous
3. The button cell used is watches function as follows
−¿ (aq ) ¿
¿
Zn(s )+ A g 2 O(s)+ H 2 O(l)⇌ 2 Ag (s )+ Z n2+¿(aq)+2 O H
The half-cell potentials are
0
−¿ ( aq ) E =−0.763 V ¿

Zn ( s ) ⇌ Z n2+¿ (aq )+2 e ¿

0
−¿ (aq ) E =0.34V ¿

A g2 O ( s ) + H 2 O (l ) +2 e−¿⇌ 2 Ag ( s) +2O H ¿

The cell potential will be

a) 0.84V b) 1.34V
c) 1.10V d) 0.42V
4. The molar conductivity of a 0.5 mol d m−3 solution of AgNO3 with electrolytic conductivity of
5.76 ×10 S c m at 298 K is
−3 −1

a) 2.88 S c m2 mol −1 b) 11.52 S c m2 mol −1

c) 0.086 S c m2 mo l−1 d) 28.8 S c m2 mol −1
5.
ELECTROLYTE KCl KN O3 HCl NaOAc NaCl
Λ∞
2 −1
149.9 145.0 426.2 91.0 126.5
(S c m mo l )
Calculate Λ NaOAc using appropriate molar conductance of the electrolytes listed above at
Infinite dilution in water at 25 ℃ .
a) 517.2 b) 552.7
c) 390.7 d) 217.5
6. Faradays constant is defined as
a) charge carried by 1 electron
b) charge carried by one mole of electrons
c) charge required to deposit one mole of substance
d) charge carried by 6.22 ×1010 electrons.
7. How many faradays of electricity are required for the following reaction to occur
2+¿ ¿

Mn O−¿
4
→M n ¿
( march 2020)
a) 5F b) 3F
c) 1F d) 7F
8. A current strength of 3.86 A was passed through molten Calcium oxide for 41min and 40
seconds. The mass of Calcium in grams deposited at the cathode is (atomic mass of Ca
is 40 g mo l−1 and 1F = 96500C).
a) 4 b) 2
c) 8 d) 6
9. During electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, the time required to produce 0.1mol of
chlorine gas using a current of 3A is
a) 55 minutes b) 107.2 minutes
c) 220 minutes d) 330 minutes
10.The number of electrons delivered at the cathode during electrolysis by a current of 1A in
60 seconds is (charge of an electron=1.6 ×10−19 C )
a) 6.22 ×1023 b) 6.022 ×1020
c) 3.75 ×1020 d) 7.48 ×1023
11.Which of the following electrolytic solution has the least specific conductance
a) 2N b) 0.002N
c) 0.02N d) 0.2N
12.While charging lead storage battery
a) PbSO4 on cathode is reduced to Pb
b) PbSO4 on anode is oxidised to PbO2
c) PbSO4 on anode is reduced to Pb
d) PbSO4 on cathode is oxidised to Pb
13.Among the following cells
I) Leclanche cell II) Nickel – Cadmium cell III) Lead storage battery IV) Mercury cell
Primary cells are
a) I and IV b) I and III
c) III and IV d) II and III
14.Zinc can be coated on iron to produce galvanized iron but the reverse is not possible. It is
because
a) Zinc is lighter than iron
b) Zinc has lower melting point than iron
c) Zinc has lower negative electrode potential than iron
d) Zinc has higher negative electrode potential than iron
15.Assertion : pure iron when heated in dry air is converted with a layer of rust.
Reason : Rust has the compositionFe3O4
a) if both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
b) if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
c) assertion is true but reason is false
d) both assertion and reason are false.
16.In H 2−O2 2fuel cell the reaction occur at cathode is
−¿ (aq ) ¿

a) O2 ( g )+ 2 H 2 O (l ) + 4 e−¿⟶ 4 O H ¿
−¿ (aq )⟶ H 2 O ( l )¿

b) H +¿ (aq) +O H ¿

c) 2 H 2 ( g ) +O2 ( g ) ⟶2 H 2 O ( g )
1
−¿⟶ H ¿

d) H +¿+e ¿2 2

17.The equivalent conductance of M/36 solution of a weak monobasic acid is 6 mho c m2 and
at infinite dilution is 400 mhoc m2. The dissociation constant of this acid is
a) 1.25 ×10−6 b) 6.25 ×10−6
c) 1.25 ×10−4 d) 6.25 ×10−5
18.A conductivity cell has been calibrated with a 0.01M, 1:1 electrolytic solution (specific
conductance (κ=1.25 ×10−3 S c m−1) in the cell and the measured resistance was 800 Ω at
25 ℃ . The cell constant is,
a) 10−1 c m−1 b) 101 c m−1
c) 1 c m−1 d) 5.7 ×10−12
19.Conductivity of a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt AB (1:1 electrolyte) at 298K
is 1.85 ×10−5 S m−1 . Solubility product of the salt AB at 298K( Λ 0m ) AB =14 ×10−3 S m2 mol−1
a) 5.7 ×10−12 b) 1.32 ×10−12
c) 7.5 ×10−12 d) 1.74 × 10−12
20.In the electrochemical cell: Zn|ZnS O4 ( 0.01 M )|∨CuS O4 ( 1.0 M )∨Cu , the emf of this Daniel
cell is E1. When the concentration of ZnSO4 is changed to 1.0M and that CuSO 4 changed
to 0.01M, the emf changes to E2. From the followings, which one is the relationship
between E1 and E2?
a) E1 < E 2 b) E1 > E 2
c) E2 ≥ E 1 d) E1=E 2
21.Consider the change in oxidation state of Bromine corresponding to different emf values
as shown in the diagram below:

Then the species undergoing disproportional is

−¿ ¿
a) B r 2 b) Br O4
−¿ ¿
c) Br O3 d) HBrO
2+¿ ( aq) + I ( aq ) ¿
0
22. For the cell reaction 2 F e 3+¿ (aq )+2 I Ecell =0.24 V at 298K . The standard Gibbs energy
2
−¿ (aq ) ⟶ 2 Fe ¿
¿

(Δ G ) of the cell reactions is :

0

a) −46.32 KJ mo l−1 b) −23.16 KJ mo l−1

c) 46.32 KJ mo l−1 d) 23.16 KJ mo l−1
23. A certain current liberated 0.504gm of hydrogen in 2 hours. How many grams of copper
can be liberated by the same current flowing for the same time in a copper sulphate
solution
a) 31.75 b) 15.8
c) 7.5 d) 63.5
24.A gas X at 1 atm is bubble through a solution containing a mixture of 1 M Y −¿¿ and 1 M Z−¿¿
at 25 ℃ . If the reduction potential of Z>Y>X, then
a) Y will oxidize X and not Z b) Y will oxidize Z and not X
d) Y will oxidize both X and Z d) Y will reduce both X and Z
2+ ¿+ 2B; ¿

25. Cell equation : A +2 B−¿→ A ¿

0
−¿⟶ B¿
for cell reactions. Find E0 for B+¿+e ¿
−¿ ⟶ A E =+ 0.34 V∧logK=15.6 at 300 K ¿
2 +¿+2 e ¿
A
a) 0.80 V b) 1.26 V
c) −0.54 V d) −10.94 V