1

PRACTICAL TRAINING
Chapter 1
 WHAT IS PRACTICAL TRAINING?
2

Practical training is an essential part of a degree

from a Jazan University. For the student, practical
training is goal-oriented and diverse work that
develops competence in relation to the professional
field and working life. Practical training offers
students opportunities to participate in recognizing
and analyzing the development needs of the training.
 WHAT IS PRACTICAL TRAINING?
3

Practical training helps develop a professional identity

and for students to learn:

 key work tasks in one’s own training

 how to use various work tools and methods
 how to evaluate one’s own learning and development
needs
 how to combine theory and practice
 general working-life skills
 how to create working-life contacts and network.
 WHAT IS PRACTICAL TRAINING?
4

Competence goals are specified for the practical

training period. Practical training must offer the
student challenges that match the goals and provide
guidance with the work. Practical training is connected
to the curriculum of the student’s field and to the
student’s learning process. Practical training helps
students find employment after graduation.
 Objective of practical training
5

The objective of practical training is to familiarize the

student in a guided way with practical work tasks that
are central for vocational studies, in particular, and
with applying knowledge and skills in working life.
Practical training promotes experiential learning and
advances the student’s skills, prepares them for work
tasks in the field and complements their studies
according to the training program.
 General Objectives
6

 Achieving the objectives of the University and its colleges and departments
in practical training.
 Providing students with practical skills, which match the requirements of the
job market and allow them to directly enter the work community in a serious
and constructive manner.
 Providing students with experience to help them take decisions pertaining to
their future career objectives.
 Strengthening relations between Jazan University and the work community
in a way that reflects positively on the University's programs of study.
 Providing college students the full opportunity to apply theoretical
knowledge (gained during their studies) in a real work environment at a
later stage of their studies.
 Developing the student's understanding of the needs of the job market and
reaching this understanding successfully.
 Adapting Work Ethics Through the following:
7

 Regular attendance.
 Adhering to appointments.
 Attending meetings.
 Completing work on time.
 Following the instructions and policies of various
institutes.
 Accepting directions.
 Preparing periodic reports.
 Competence in Communication Through Developing:
8

 Positive personal communication.

 The ability to present information clearly, accurately
and effectively.
 Using appropriate techniques to convey informative and
convincing messages.
 The ability to communicate with the public inside and
outside the institute.
 Competence in performing work through: working
independently and with a team to achieve tasks
assigned, bearing the group's work load, feeling a
sense of responsibility for work undertaken, and
facilitating the group's work.
 Utilizing the Institute's Resources, Reach the required
aims through:
9

 Recognizing the institute's resources inside and outside

the institute.
 Critically assessing information and its sources.
 Analyzing and assessing information from various
sources.
 Developing problem solving skills through developing
creative initiative.
 Gaining awareness of opportunities and knowing when
to ask others for help.
 Presenting work solutions and gaining leadership skills.
 Importance and Objectives of the Practical
training
10

Practical training involves a set of skills and experiences

presented to the student within an institutional framework,
or within an area of practice, with the aim of helping the
student to acquire various areas of knowledge, practical
experiences, and technical skills, in addition to modifying
personal features and personal behaviors. This will
greatly contribute to the student's professional growth, by
linking theoretical knowledge with practical application,
and provide the opportunity for students to discover their
capabilities, desires, and the needs of the labor market in
the Saudi Kingdom.
 Importance and Objectives of the
Practical training
11

Practical training also involves a group of practical

experiences that depend on theoretical references,
such as courses. One of the distinctive features of
practical training is that it has no specific area of
application; it could be conducted almost anywhere.
Moreover, it depends on the guidance of the trainees
or individuals participating in the practical training by
a practically qualified person in this field, who
possesses sufficient skills that help them succeed in
implementing the objective of practical training.
 Importance of the Practical training :
12

Practical training is of great importance for the student

preparation program in the Applied College. The following
points help us understand how important practical training is:

 Practical training represents the student's initial field of

expertise, in which they apply what has been learned in the
real environment.
 It gives the student an opportunity to deal with the various
pressures that they may face in the labor market.
 It helps the student develop their understanding of the
educational process procedures.
 It enhances the student's individual learning skills.
 Importance of the Practical training :
13

 It provides an opportunity to interact and collaborate with

experienced trainers in the field of work.
 It gives the student a high level of positive aptitude and job
satisfaction.
 It helps the student understand the needs and characteristics
of the environment in which they are supposed to work.
 Practical training is an effective way to help the student
acquire new abilities and skills that they may not possess.
These skills enable the student to expand their concepts,
adjust their orientations, and consolidate their ability to
innovate and to be creative; innovation connects the
theoretical aspect of the acquired knowledge to the
practical aspect of outcome (work).
 Objectives of the Practical training :
14

1. Enriching the experiences of university students by

linking academic studies in the classroom with real
practical situations in the work environment.
2. Providing the opportunity for male and female
students to discover their professional interests in the
field of their academic specialization.
3. Emphasizing the effectiveness of practical training in
preparing graduate students for their practical future.
4. Providing the opportunity for trainees to acquire new
skills by getting them accustomed to innovative thinking
for problem solving, and making practical decisions
with confidence.
 Benefits of Practical training
15

Practical training means the practical application of

knowledge and theoretical sciences that the student
received at the university, so that he has a greater
and broader understanding of his specialization,
which makes him more creative and distinguished in it.
 Benefits of Practical training
16

Practical training introduces students to the nature of

the labor market and its needs, and makes them more
ready to work in the future, as it gives them early
experiences in the labor market, and some
specializations are useless if they do not follow a
period of Practical training such as medicine,
engineering and other specialties.
 Benefits of Practical training
17

The team of the Study in Applied College offers you

the benefits of practical and Practical training for
College students, hoping that they will attend and
attend training, which are as follows:

 Transferring the sciences and knowledge that the

student has received from the theoretical academic
approach to the practical application approach,
which makes him more understanding of his field
and more perfect for it.
 Benefits of Practical training
18

 The Practical training opportunity is considered the

first work experience, as it gives the student an
opportunity to deal with the pressures that he may
face in the future labor market, which makes him
more solid and experienced when he reaches that
stage.
 It is also possible that this training period is an
introduction to stable work for these companies, as
the company will not hesitate to employ the
competencies that it meets and benefit from them.
 Benefits of Practical training
19

 It enhances the self-learning skills of the individual,

as in the labor market there is no one when you
stumble you ask him to correct for you, but you will
often solve problems by researching and asking
yourself.
 It raises the morale of the student, and breaks his
fear and fear of the first work experience, which
enhances his self-confidence and makes him more
ready to work in the future.
 Benefits of Practical training
20

 It gives the student an opportunity to evaluate what he

has learned at the university, and whether it is sufficient
for the labor market or not, meaning that it will help
him to identify his weaknesses, so that he can address
them before it is too late.
 It gives a first impression to the student about the nature
of the people he will deal with in the labor market, as
they are fundamentally different from those who have
had contact with them throughout his studies, which
makes him able to succeed in his future work.
 Benefits of Practical training
21

After we got to know you and about the great

benefits of Practical training, and you realized its
importance, let us give you some tips that will help you
get a training opportunity in your field of study:
 Benefits of Practical training
22

 Do not be satisfied with the university curriculum that

you study, but read a lot in your field of specialization,
reading will add to you a knowledge balance that
makes you distinguished from your peers.
 Learning foreign languages, especially English, is the
language of science today, and mastering it means that
you take knowledge from its original source, and not be
satisfied with the meager translated content.
 Make sure to form a wide network of relationships, by
participating in student and volunteer activities, as these
knowledge will help you get a training opportunity
more easily.
 Benefits of Practical training
23

 Learn CV writing skills, and prepare a professionally

written resume.
 Determine the field in which you would like to have a
training opportunity, gather information about the
companies that provide these opportunities, then write a
letter addressed to each of them separately explaining
to them the reasons that made you want to join their
team, attach it to your CV and send it to them.
 Take care of your LinkedIn account, and attach samples
of your business to it, this will increase your chances of
acceptance.
 Benefits of Practical training
24

In conclusion, the Practical training period is a period

of refining your experiences, developing your skills,
and employing those ideas that you learned at the
university, so you have to pay attention to them and
strive for them as early as possible.
 Responsibilities of Student
25

The followings are the main responsibilities of the student during his
practical training :
 Commitment to the regulations and rules of the university, including
what is mentioned in this guide, as well as the laws and regulations
of the training body.
 Registration for training and completion of special forms prepared
for training.
 Good representation of the university in training institutions and
commitment to work ethics.
 Maintaining the confidentiality of the information that is shared with
the trainee at the training site.
 Attention to the implementation of the tasks assigned to the student
in the department where training is conducted.
 Responsibilities of Student
26

 Filling weekly reports and submitting them electronically at the end

of each week to the academic supervisor for training.
 Ensuring that the training process is fully accomplished in a manner
that draws on the various expertise offered by the training.
 Informing the training supervisor of any problems encountered
during the training process.
 Filling out form related to training evaluation and having it filled by
the field supervisor and handing over the sealed envelope to the
training supervisor.
 Preparing a practical training report and handing it over to the
training supervisor.
 Preparing a presentation to be given before the evaluation
committee after the completion of the practical training .
 Role and responsibility of department
member in the training committee
27

The following are the main role and responsibilities of

department member in the training committee:

 Communicating with various training providers to provide

training opportunities for students.
 Preparing and delivering introductory lectures on practical
training .
 Receiving applications for training, checking the conditions
of registration and check the completion of the training files
of students.
 Solving problems that arise during training and responding
to queries of students and supervisors in the training.
 Role and responsibility of department
member in the training committee
28

 Preparation of training course file and training course

report.
 Following-up implementation of the practical training
rules from the student side according to pre-set
mechanisms.
 Preparing and updating a database of training bodies
showing the accredited and undesirable bodies. -
Evaluation of students according to the established
mechanisms.
 Sending a letter of gratitude to the bodies that have
trained students.
 Roles and responsibility of the
29
practical training supervisor
The following are the roles and responsibilities of the practical training
supervisor:

 Training the student on how to deal with possible risks within the
place of training and awareness of the specifics of the place
 Following-up student commitment to attendance and leave dates
 Monitoring the student's commitment to the rules and instructions
 Assigning the student tasks related directly to the field of
specialization
 Evaluation of student performance through a number of criteria
contained in the evaluation form.
 Role and responsibility of the
30
training assessment committee
The following are the roles and responsibilities of the
practical training assessment committee:

 Announcement of discussion dates

 Evaluation of the training report submitted by the
student
 Evaluation of the presentation of the trainee
 Coordination with academic affairs to announce the
final results of the training
 The mission of practical training :
31

Continuous and fruitful communication with the labor

market and linking it to the academic study to apply
the theoretical study in practical projects, besides
providing Field contact with entities, organizations and
companies working in the engineering sector.
 Role of practical training:
32

 1. Provide students with the opportunity to gain

practical experience and training before graduation.
 2. Deepening students' understanding of the theoretical
sciences they learned in their field.
 3. Know the obstacles and difficulties in the workplace
and know how to deal with them.
 4. Practicing the applied work in the labor sector, which
is complemented by theoretical courses of the study
plans. This is to get familiar with the equipment’s and
facilities of the work sites to link it to what is learned in
the academic departments.
 Role of practical training:
33

 5. Providing the student with the opportunity to get

acquainted with the different employers, so that he can
choose the suitable employer after graduation.
 6. Provide opportunity for the student to identify
engineering problems in his environment and to try to
find appropriate engineering solutions through practical
research or graduation projects.
 7. Give the college a clear idea about the need of the
labor market and its various requirements, which is then
used in the development of educational process.
 8. Accustom students to taking responsibility and
punctuality.
 Role of practical training:
34

 9. Accustom students to dealing with community

members outside the university.
 10. Accustom students to respecting others and listening
to their opinions.
 11. Provide industrial organizations with information on
the quality of human resources that will contribute to
industry and engineering work in the future.
 12. Provide an opportunity for institutions to evaluate
the performance of the student during the training
period and to know the extent of benefit and
employment after graduation.
 Contents of the report
35

The submitted report should contain the following items:

 1. Cover Page: It includes student's name, student's
academic number, Specialization, Training period and
Training company
 2. List of contents of the report: It is a list of headings
and subheadings as they appear in the main body of
the report and in the sequence of pages.
 3. Introduction: It contains a brief description of the
institution where the trainee got his training, the nature
and quality of the training conducted, as well as a brief
presentation of the contents of the report.
 Contents of the report
36

 4. Overview: It contains the most important part of the report,

which includes the actual training details that the student has
experienced or practiced. The student divides these details into
several sections according to the nature of the training program.
 5. Conclusion: It contains a summary of the skills, experience and
knowledge acquired during the training period and may include
observations and opinions about the training.
 6. Annexes: This part of the report includes all the supporting
information of the report, illustrative maps and additional data
that the reader can refer to when needed. This section is usually
placed at the end of the report, and includes detailed and
necessary information about some of the contents of the report.
 37

ETHICS
Chapter 2
 Definition of Ethics
38

At its simplest, Ethics is a system of moral principles or

Ethics involves learning what is right or wrong, and then
doing the right thing -but "the right thing" is not nearly as
straightforward as conveyed. They affect how people
make decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned
with what is good for individuals and society and is also
described as moral philosophy. By implication, in ethics
there is no scope for proof and demonstration as there is
in science and mathematics; ethical ‘argument’ is a matter
of rhetoric, which is to say, a matter of persuading people
to believe rather than proving to them that the beliefs you
hold are true.
 Definition of Ethics
39

Or,

The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines ethics as:

“Relating to morals, treating of moral questions;
morally correct, honourable”.
 Definition of Ethics
40

Definition of Ethics from the Dictionary of Psychology: “A

branch of philosophy concerned with that which is deemed
acceptable in human behavior, with what is good or bad,
right or wrong in human conduct in pursuit of goals and
aims.” Ethics explores the nature of rights, of moral
responsibilities, and of how to go about addressing an
ethical problem. Engineering ethics is the field of applied
ethics which examines and sets standards for engineers'
obligations to the public, their clients, employers and the
profession and is appropriate in all aspects of
professional practice.
 Definition of Ethics
41

Or,
Study Ethics is a systematic approach to under-standing,
analyzing, and distinguishing matters of right and wrong, good
and bad, and admirable and deplorable as they relate to the
well-being of and the relation-ships among sentient beings.
Ethical determinations are applied through the use of formal
theories, approaches, and codes of conduct, such as codes that
are developed for professions and religions. Ethics is an active
process rather than a static condition, so some ethicists use the
expression doing ethics. When people are doing ethics, they
need to support their beliefs and assertions with sound
reasoning; in other words, even if people believe that ethics is
totally subjective, they must be able to justify their positions
through logical, theoretically based arguments.
 Definition of Ethics
42

Feelings and emotions are a normal part of everyday life

and can play a legitimate role in doing ethics. However,
people sometimes allow their emotions to overtake good
reasoning, and when this happens, it does not provide a
good foundation for ethics-related decisions. Evaluations
generated through the practice of ethics require a
balance of emotion and reason. Throughout history,
people, based on their culture, have engaged in actions
that they believed were justifiable only to have the light
of reason later show otherwise. Following a charismatic,
but ego-centric, leader, such as Adolph Hitler, is an
example of such a practice.
 Definition of Ethics
43

Or,
Ethics is the discipline that studies the moral life. It studies
not only what is the right and good thing to do, but also
the character and values of a person and the standards
to use for judging the rightness or wrongness of society’s
policies. Morality refers primarily to behavior and
character, and ethics is the discipline that tries to provide
guidance and perspective for moral evaluation of
decisions and policies, and for forming character. Often
the words ethics and morals are used interchangeably.
 Definition of Ethics
44

Ethics can also be understood as the systematic study of moral

standards of right and wrong, justice and injustice, virtue and
vice, with a view to applying those standards to the realities of
our lives. It is a normative discipline about what ought to be,
rather than just being descriptive of the way things happen.
The descriptive fields of study are those that attempt to
recount human and institutional behavior in various spheres,
such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, history and so on.
By contrast, ethics is normative or prescriptive, in that it
attempts to establish norms, standards and perspectives that
ought to guide individual and institutional behavior and
character. Not only do we talk of what is but also what we
ought to do or be.
 Definition of Ethics
45

Etymologically, the word ethics goes back to the

ancient Greek “ethos”. This originally referred to a
place of dwelling, location, but also habit, custom,
convention. It was Cicero who translated the Greek
term into Latin with “mores” (ethos, customs), from
which the modern concept of morality is derived
(Cicero 44BC). The German philosopher Immanuel
Kant characterised ethics as dealing with the question
“What should I do?” (Kant 1788).
 Definition of Ethics
46

It is important to point out that ethics is more than an

individual’s own appraisal of a situation; it is also
cultural—whether that culture is an organization, an
industry, a community, a nation, or a fundamentally human
consideration. Ethics is about how one should live as an
individual as well as how to live with others—who may be
significantly different. Ethics assumes that people are
accountable for their actions. Every day, managers make
decisions that can affect customers, employees, financiers,
partners, the community, and the world in powerful ways.
Since managers are accountable to these groups, they
must have morally defensible reasons for their actions that
go beyond mere intuition.
 Definition of Ethics
47

At last, Ethics is the process of determining right and

wrong conduct. The discipline dealing with what is
good and bad and with moral duty and obligations
 Types of Ethics
48

1. Personal Ethics: The term “personal” is used in a

number of ways, which makes it impossible to set out one
definition. It seems that at least three senses can be
distinguished. Firstly, personal ethics is any ethical system
or doctrine that has been chosen in some way as a moral
guide in the particular life of an agent. Personal ethics in
this sense is built upon an individual commitment to a
moral life and contrasts with any ethics, no matter how
much it is recognized or justified, that is not the object of
such a choice. Personal ethics means, in this case,
“committed ethics” or “active ethics.”
 Types of Ethics
49

In the second sense, personal ethics is any situationist ethics

opposing the universal and impartial ethics embraced in
the principle of universalization. Personal is in this case
tantamount to “particular” or “contextual.” In the third
sense, a personal ethics is any ethical system that focuses
on the role of agents and their moral dispositions, in
opposition to any ethics centered on impersonal values,
God, rules, principles, rights, etc. Although in practice all
three senses of ethics can intertwine in one and the same
doctrine, they are perfectly distinguishable logically and
historically.
 Types of Ethics
50

2. Social Ethics: Social ethics, is the largest sense dealing

with what is right (good) and wrong (bad) behavior in a
social unit. The social body can be broken down into
simpler social units such as a person, a group, an
institution, a country or the global community as a whole.
Perhaps, then comes the Universe. Then the issue becomes
the dealings of personal ethics, family or friendship ethics,
work or company ethics, international ethics and finally
global ethics, respectively. This and further breakdown of
above mentioned ethics provide the examples of social
ethics as a whole.
 Types of Ethics
51

3. Religious Ethics: Religious ethics are the moral

principles that guide religions and that set the standard
for what is and isn’t acceptable behavior. Surprisingly
similar from one religion to the next, these fundamental
principles flow from the core beliefs and ancient wisdom
of religion, as well as its teachers and traditions. Most
religions have an ethical component, often derived from
purported supernatural revelation or guidance. According
to Simon Blackburn, "For many people, ethics is not only
tied up with religion, but is completely settled by it. Such
people do not need to think too much about ethics,
because there is an authoritative code of instructions, a
handbook of how to live. "
 Types of Ethics
52

Ethics, which is a major branch of philosophy, encompasses

right conduct and good life. It is significantly broader than
the common conception of analyzing right and wrong. A
central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth
living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by
many philosophers to be more important than traditional
moral conduct. Some assert that religion is necessary to
live ethically Blackburn states that, there are those who
"would say that we can only flourish under the umbrella of
a strong social order, cemented by common adherence to
a particular religious tradition"
 Types of Ethics
53

4. Business Ethics: Business ethics is the study of

business situations, activities, and decisions where
issues of right and wrong are addressed. It is worth
stressing that by 'right' and 'wrong' we mean morally
right and wrong as opposed to, for example,
commercially, strategically, or financially right or
wrong. Moreover, by 'business' ethics, we do not mean
only commercial businesses, but also government
organizations, pressure groups, not-for-profit
businesses, charities, and other organizations.
 Types of Ethics
54

5. Professional Ethics: Professional ethics are principles

that govern the behavior of a person or group in a
business environment. Like values, professional ethics
provide rules on how a person should act towards other
people and institutions in such an environment.
Professionals are a group of people who earn a living by
undertaking a common activity and who regulate most of
this themselves. Firstly they must form a constitution. and
secondly they must publish a professional code of rules or
an ethical code of conduct. This code must be in line with
the law and is often more restrictive than the law.
 What are the basic differences among Ethics,
values and morals?
55

Values: Values are the foundation of an individual

person’s ability to judge between right and wrong. Values
include a deep-rooted system of beliefs that guide a
person’s decisions. They form a personal, individual
foundation that influences a particular person’s behavior.
There are examples of values everywhere in our daily
life. For example, if our value system is founded upon
honesty, we would probably choose to study for a difficult
test rather than cheating for a passing grade. However, if
we have to value an achievement and success over
honesty, we may decide to cheat on the exam instead.
This relates to which value is “worth more” to the
individual.
 What are the basic differences
56
among Ethics, values and morals?
Other examples of values include: a person who values
integrity admits that they stole a piece of candy, someone
who values friendship drops everything to help a friend,
people who value a healthy lifestyle make sure they have
time to work out in the morning, a person who values
success works late nights to achieve a promotion, someone
who values commitment may be more willing to go to
marriage therapy than to file for divorce. These values
form our personality types. They also help us make
decisions that affect the course of our lives. When these
values are shared by others in our community, they are
known as morals.
 What are the basic differences
57
among Ethics, values and morals?
Morals: Morals, also known as moral values, are the
system of beliefs that emerge out of core values. Morals
are specific and context-driven rules that govern a
person’s desire to be good. They can be shared by a
larger population, but a person's moral code may differ
from others' depending on their personal values. We
make moral decisions based on personal values all the
time. An example of a moral in the example above is
determined by a person's value of honesty: cheating is
bad. Someone who values success more than honesty may
behave by another moral: cheating is fine.
 What are the basic differences
58
among Ethics, values and morals?
Additional examples of morals include: It is bad to
steal candy (based on a value of honesty).Helping a
friend is a good thing to do (based on a value of
friendship). It is bad to skip a workout (based on a
value of a healthy lifestyle). Working late at night is a
good thing to do (based on a value of success).
Saving your marriage is a good way to move forward
(based on a value of commitment).
 What are the basic differences
59
among Ethics, values and morals?
Ethics: Ethics and morals are very similar. In fact,
many ethicists consider the terms to be
interchangeable. However, there are slight differences
in how they affect our lives. While morals are
concerned with individuals feeling "good" or "bad,"
ethics determine what behaviors are "right" or
"wrong." Ethics dictate what practical behaviors are
allowed, while morals reflect our intentions. Consider
morals as the rulebook and ethics as the motivator
that leads to proper or improper action.
 Application of Ethics
60

Applied ethics refers to the practical application of

moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-
world actions and their moral considerations in the
areas of private and public life, the professions,
health, technology, law, and leadership. There are
basically two approaches in applied ethics: one is to
approach ethical issues by applying the principles of
ethical theories, and the other is to develop situation
based discourses without presupposing the validity of
any ethical theory
 Application of Ethics
61

The first approach is to find ways to apply the

principles of ethical theories. Philosophers attempt to
revise classic formulations of ethical principles in order
to apply them to current ethical questions. Two major
ethical theories that are used today are utilitarianism
and deontological ethics; other ethical theories include
virtue ethics, such as Aristotelianism, Confucianism, and
religion based ethical theories.
 Application of Ethics
62

This approach, however, has its own difficulty. Each ethical

theory is established upon distinct principles and has a
certain plausibility, yet no one theory can comprehensively
cover all aspects of a problem; at the same time,
combining different theories requires a tremendous mind
and is nearly impossible. Applied ethics can be found in
almost all kinds of professional fields or social practices.
While medical ethics, environmental ethics, business ethics,
and legal ethics are major subfields, applied ethics is
found in human rights, war, media, communication, sports,
academic research, publication, and other areas.
 ETHICS IN PARTICULAR SUBFIELD OF
APPLICATION
63

 1.BIOETHICS
 2.GEOETHICS
 3.BUSINESSETHICS
 4.RELATIONAL ETHICS
 5.MACHINE ETHICS
 6.MILITARY ETHICS
 7.POLITICAL ETHICS
 8.PUBLIC SECTOR ETHICS
 ETHICS IN PARTICULAR SUBFIELD OF
64
APPLICATION
Bioethics is the study of controversial ethics bought
about by advances in biology and medicine.
Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions
that arise in the relationships among life sciences,
biotechnology, medicine, politics, low, and philosophy.
 ETHICS IN PARTICULAR SUBFIELD OF
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APPLICATION
GEOETHICS is an interdisciplinary field between
Geosciences and Ethics which involves Earth and
planetary Sciences as well as applied ethics. It deals
with the way of human thinking and acting in relation
to the significance of the Earth as a system and as a
model.
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APPLICATION
Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or
professional ethics that examines ethical principles
and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business
environment. It applied to all aspects of business
conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals
and entire organization.
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APPLICATION
Relational Ethics are related to an ethics of care
researchers who employ relational ethics value and
respect the connection between themselves and the
people they study and "between researchers and the
communities in which they live and work".
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APPLICATION
Machine ethics will likely drive advancement in
understanding of human ethics by forcing us to
address gaps in modern normative theory and by
providing a platform for experimental investigation.
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APPLICATION
Military ethics are intended to guide members of the
armed forces to act in a manner consistent with the
requirements of combat and military organization.
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APPLICATION
Political ethics is the practice of making moral
judgments about political action and political agents.
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APPLICATION
Public sector ethics is a set of principles that guide
public officials in their service to their constitutes,
including their decision-making on behalf of their
constituents.
 Define Code of Ethics
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The Code of Ethics expresses the set of duties and ethical

responsibilities involved in conducting business and business
activities in general (collectively the "Business Activities") of the
Company. Those who are subject to the Code of Ethics include
Corporate Executives, External Collaborators, Partners, and in
any case, all those who operate under the direction and
supervision of the Company, as well as the shareholders of the
Company itself. The principles and codes of conduct included in
the Code of Ethics enrich decision-making processes and
vocational training and guide the Company's types of
behaviour. These standards and principles are binding on
recipients within the scope of the Business Activities and are
likewise required for External Interlocutors.
 Define Code of Ethics
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The Code of Ethics consists of:

• General principles regarding relations between the

Company and the Recipients, between the Recipients, and in
relations with the External Interlocutors. These principles define
the reference values in Company Activities;
• Policies that specifically set the guidelines and rules with
which the Company and the Recipients must comply to respect
the general principles and to prevent the risk of non-ethical
conduct;
• Mechanisms needed to implement, monitor and disseminate
compliance with the Code of Ethics and that are indispensable
to ensure its continuous improvement.
 Define Code of Ethics
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A code of ethics is designed to ensure employees are

behaving in a manner that is socially acceptable and
respectful of one another. It establishes the rules for
behavior and sends a message to every employee
that universal compliance is expected. It also provides
the groundwork for a preemptive warning if
employees break the code. A code of ethics can be
valuable not just internally as a professional guide but
also externally as a statement of a company’s values
and commitments.