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Functions (10

The document discusses different types of mother functions including linear, quadratic, reciprocal, and exponential functions. It provides information on sketching each type of function and finding their equations. It also covers transforming functions through scaling, shifting, and taking the inverse of a function.

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nirishka
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15 views12 pages

Functions (10

The document discusses different types of mother functions including linear, quadratic, reciprocal, and exponential functions. It provides information on sketching each type of function and finding their equations. It also covers transforming functions through scaling, shifting, and taking the inverse of a function.

Uploaded by

nirishka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Mother Functions M ( x)

Linear Function
M ( x) = x
(Straight Line)

Quadratic Function
M ( x) = x 2
(Parabola)

Reciprocal Function 1
M ( x) =
(Hyperbola) x

M ( x) = b x
b 1

Exponential Function
(Exponential Curve)

M ( x) = b x
0  b 1
(Linear/Straight line) y = ax + q

Sketching a linear function

a0 a0

If q = 0 : Table
If q  0 : x-intercept; y -intercept

Note: If y = number → Horizontal line

Note: If x = number → Vertical line

Domain, range, increase and decrease

Domain: x  R
Range: y  R
Increase: x  R

Domain: x  R
Range: y  R
Decrease: x  R

Finding the equation of a linear function

S cenario 1 ( y -intercept given)


1. Use y = ax + q
2. Substitute q ( y -intercept )
3. Substitute the other given point and solve a

S cenario 2 ( y -intercept not given)


1. Use y = ax + q
 y −y 
2. Substitute a  use m = 2 1 
 x2 − x1 
3. Substitute any other given point and solve q
y = a ( x + p) + q y = ax 2 + bx + c
2
(Quadratic/Parabola)

Sketching a parabola Sketching a parabola

a0 a0 a0 a0

Step 1: x-intercept
Step 1: x-intercept
Step 2: y -intercept
Step 2: y -intercept
 b 
Step 3: x + p = 0  x = − p Step 3: Turning point:  − ; y 
 2a 
Turning point: ( − p; q ) b
Step 4: Axis of symmetry: x = −
Step 4: Axis of symmetry: x = − p 2a

Domain, range, increase, decrease, minimum and maximum


Domain: x  R
Range: y  q; y  R
Decrease: x  − p; x  R
Increase: x  − p; x  R
Minimum value: q

Domain: x  R
Range: y  q; y  R
Increase: x  − p; x  R
Decrease: x  − p; x  R
Maximum value: q

Finding the equation of a parabola


a
(Reciprocal/Hyperbola) y = +q
x+ p
Sketching a hyperbola

Step 1: x-intercept
Step 2: y -intercept
Step 3: Vertical asymptote: x + p = 0  x = − p
Step 4: Horizontal asymptote: y = q

Domain, range, increase and decrease

Domain: x  R; x  − p
Range: y  R; y  q
Decrease: x  R; x  − p

Domain: x  R; x  − p
Range: y  R; y  q
Increase: x  R; x  − p

y = x+c
and y = − x + c

Finding the equation of a hyperbola


a
1. Use y = +q
x+ p
2. Substitute q
3. Substitute p
4. Substitute the other given point and solve a
(Exponential) y = a  b x+ p + q

Sketching an exponential function

Step 1: x-intercept
Step 2: y -intercept
Step 3: Table (optional)
Step 4: Horizontal asymptote: y = q

Domain, range, increase and decrease

Domain: x  R
Range: y  q; y  R
Increase: x  R

Domain: x  R
Range: y  q; y  R
Decrease: x  R

Finding the equation of an exponential function

1. Use y = ab x + q unless other equation given


2. Substitute q
3. Substitute (0; y ) and solve a
4. Substitute the other given point and solve b
Transforming the Mother Functions

 a  M ( x + p) + q
+ → No reflection in the x − axis
− → Reflection in the x − axis
a → Vertical stretch
p  0 → Shift p units to the left (Horizontal shift)
p  0 → Shift p units to the right (Horizontal shift)
q  0 → Shift q units up (Vertical shift)
q  0 → Shift q units down (Vertical shift)
The image formed after a function is reflected about the line y = x is called the inverse of that function.
(Restricting the domain)
FUNCTION INVERSE

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