It’s

time again!
Ms. Jhoanna Marie B. Vergara
LANG 2 Teacher
Pattern of Development:
Narration
• a pattern of development that aims to tell a story
or to recount a specific event
• share your own experiences to support your idea or
your claim which occurred at a particular place and
time
• two types:
• makes use of factual information and accurate
language to recount a chronological sequence of
verifiable events
• particularly useful in medical and legal documents
• example:
⚬ a news report about a particular incident, like
an accident or courtroom proceedings
• presents a story based largely on the writer’s
own feelings and personal impressions
• example:
⚬ a travel blog posted on social media about a
recent vacation trip
Main Parts of a
Narrative Text
• offer a sneak peak of what the reader can expect
• provide your readers with a brief background
• subjective narration:
⚬ start with a hook, or an opening statement that
can grab your readers’attention or curiosity
⚬ can be a proverb, a rhetorical question, a
startling statement, or anything similar
• objective narration
⚬ more straightforward and may, thus, begin
immediately with a thesis statement that
presents the main idea of the narrative text
• delve in-depth into the actual events
• present the supporting details
⚬ should expound the thesis statement
mentioned in the introduction
⚬ arrange the supporting details chronologically
to help your readers get a clear mental
picture of the event
• summarize the major points or emphasize the
important ideas you presented in the body
• subjective narration:
⚬ leave your readers with a question or a
statement that they can ponder on
• objective narrative:
⚬ relate the conclusion to the thesis
statement
• use signal words to express connections
• In the case of narration, in particular, signal words that
express sequence and time are critical to alert the reader
that you are transitioning from one event to the next.
at the same
after earlier in the past meanwhile nowadays then
time

afterward before eventually last next previously thereafter

at present currently finally later now subsequently while

Using signal words, create a 7-sentence narrative of what
you will do in this situation.

at the same
after earlier in the past meanwhile nowadays then
time

afterward before eventually last next previously thereafter

at present currently finally later now subsequently while

It is lunch time. You are about to buy your lunch at the

canteen but your friend noticed that she lost her wallet.
Pattern of Development:
Description
• aims to create a vivid mental picture of a person,
object, place, or event in the reader’s mind
• effectiveness is determined if the reader is able to
clearly imagine or visualize what the writer is
describing
• should be in spatial order
⚬ sequences ideas and details by space or location
(left to right, top to bottom, outer to inner)
⚬ according to order perceived by the sense of sight
• should focus on a dominant impression
⚬ the thesis statement of a descriptive text that
shows the writer’s opinion and overall feeling
about the topic
⚬ all other sentences in the paragraph should
support the dominant impression
• may either be objective or subjective
• shows the exact appearance, characteristics, or
condition of the topic being described
• straightforward and is based on factual details
• commonly used in technical reports, scientific
journals, and legal documents
 The province of Aklan has become famous for the immaculate
exquisiteness that nature has imparted to it and its people. It is a
remarkable place in the Philippines that has made a clear-cut mark in
the world map when it comes to luring in tourists. Aklan province’s
claim to fame is Boracay, an island that can be found approximately one
kilometer away from the north-western tip of the province. Boracay
Island is among the best beaches well known globally for its sugar fine
white sand, sapphire waters, amazing coral reefs, and exceptional sea
shells. Besides the beaches, Boracay upholds its legendary status for its
fun and exciting nightlife.
• provides details about a particular person, object,
place, or event based on the writer’s impressions,
feelings, and emotions
• also called impressionistic description
• commonly used in fiction, literature, and feature
articles
 It was sunrise at Nagrebcan. The fine, bluish mist, low over the
tobacco fields, was lifting and thinning moment by moment. A ragged
strip of mist, pulled away by the morning breeze, had caught on the
clumps of bamboo along the banks of the stream that flowed to one side
of the barrio. Before long, the sun would top the Katayaghan hills, but
as yet no people were around. In the grey shadow of the hills, the
barrio was gradually awaking. Roosters crowed and strutted on the
ground while hens hesitated on their perches among the branches of the
camachile trees. Stray goats nibbled the weeds on the sides of the road,
and the bull carabaos tugged restively against their stakes
 Below are some signal words and phrases that you can use
in writing a descriptive text.

above against amidst behind beside bottom down in inside next to outside there

in front
across ahead around below between by far near on over to
of

to the
adjacent at the in the
along beneath beyond close here nearby opposite parallel left/righ
to center middle
t
Read and understand
the paragraph on the
next page. Classify
the sentences that
appeal to the senses.
Present your answers
using the suggested
matrix.
 In the bustling market, she pulled her scarf over her face to block
the sun and felt its soft touch on her skin. Stepping under a shade,
she looked around at the busy scene, full of colorful stalls and people
moving quickly, catching glimpses of intricate textiles and gleaming
trinkets. Voices filled the air, mixed with the sounds of pots and
pans clanging in food stalls as noisy chatter echoed through the
market. The smell of delicious food floated around - grilled meats,
sweet fruits, and spicy spices - enticing her taste buds. Trying some
snacks, she savored the explosion of flavors on her palate, each bite
a culinary adventure amidst the vibrant market atmosphere.
Sight:
• Stepping under a shade, she looked around at the
busy scene, full of colorful stalls and people moving
quickly, catching glimpses of intricate textiles and
gleaming trinkets.
Hearing:
• Voices filled the air, mixed with the sounds of pots
and pans clanging in food stalls as noisy chatter
echoed through the market.
Touch:
• In the bustling market, she pulled her scarf over her
face to block the sun and felt its soft touch on her skin
Smell:
• The smell of delicious food floated around - grilled
meats, sweet fruits, and spicy spices - enticing her
taste buds.
Taste:
• Trying some snacks, she savored the explosion of flavors
on her palate, each bite a culinary adventure amidst the
vibrant market atmosphere.
Pattern of Development:
Definition
• clarify the meaning of an unfamiliar or ambiguous
term by providing writers and readers a common
understanding of the reference and scope of the word,
concept, or idea being defined.
• include the characteristics, uses, or origin of the
term in your definition to help the readers identify
and distinguish it from other concepts
• may be denotative or connotative
• gives the exact meaning; aka dictionary definition
• leaves no room for any personal opinion or feeling
• useful in business reports, research, legal and medical
documents, and other technical papers requiring a
certain level of formality and objectivity
⚬ A book denotes a piece of printed material that
conveys a message through the written text. It is
an educational tool used in instruction and in
facilitating learning.
• explains the meaning in a more personal manner
• meaning attached is based heavily on the writer’s
personal experiences and own associations
• may be used in fiction, feature articles, and other
literary pieces that allow writers to express their
personal emotions, feelings, and opinions
⚬ A book means education, love for learning, and
a treasury of knowledge.
• Marriage is a special contract of permanent union
between a man and a woman entered into in
accordance with the law for the establishment of
conjugal and family life.

• Marriage is like a cage; one sees the birds outside

desperate to get in, and those inside equally
desperate to get out.
• aka extended definition
• for essays that deals with a complex idea
• provides readers with details and explanations about
a term through description, exemplification,
comparison and contrast, or analysis
• explain what an object is, what its uses are, how it
looks like, how it works, among others
Below are some examples of signal words and phrases that
you can use in writing a definition text.

connote indicate relate to

define as mean suggest

denote refer to
On your filler, write the denotative and connotative
definitions of the following words. (10 points)
• Love
• Happiness
• Friendship
• School
• Family