Kidp Final PDF

OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER
MINISTRY FOR KARAMOJA AFFAIRS
THE THIRD KARAMOJA INTEGRATED

DEVELOPMENT PLAN
(KIDP 3)
2021/22 – 2025/6
i
FOREWORD
The third Karamoja Integrated Development Plan (KIDP3) covers the period 2021/22 to 2025/26.
The KIDP3 is a holistic and integrated medium-term development framework specifically intended
to address the unique context and development challenges in Karamoja. As a planning
framework, it serves to enhance the coordination and harmonisation of public sector and other
interventions for the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja by government and development
partners.
The overall goal of the KIDP3 is: ‘A Secure, Peaceful, Inclusive, Resilient and Socio-
Economically Transformed Karamoja’. To achieve this overall goal, the following eight
Strategic Objectives will be rigorously pursued:
1. Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja

2. Strengthen Karamojong Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Livelihoods
3. Enhance Development of Human Capital in Karamoja
4. Promote Agro-industrialisation and Manufacturing in Karamoja
5. Undertake Sustainable Energy and Mineral Development in Karamoja
6. Invest in Tourism, Trade and Co-Operatives Development in Karamoja
7. Undertake Sustainable Environment and Natural Resources Management in Karamoja
8. Enhance Roads, Transport and Communication Services in Karamoja
The KIDP3 builds on the achievements of the KIDP2 and other interventions before it, such as
the Karamoja Integrated Disarmament Programme (KIDDP) and KIDP1.The KIDP3 seeks to
address key challenges, constraints and gaps encountered in KIDP2 implementation. These
include, among others: the recurrence of armed conflicts associated with violent livestock thefts
and raids; poor quality of education and health care services; persistence of food shortages; and
rising incidence of poverty (from 60.8% in 2016/7 to 65.7% in 2019/20).
The KIDP3 is aligned to the third National Development Plan (NDPIII) and has adopted a
programme-based approach to the interventions proposed in the KIDP3. In line with the NDPIII,
the KIDP3 will also deliver public and private sector investments, especially as envisaged by the
Parish Development Model. The design of the KIDP3 was preceded by a review of the
performance of the KIDP2, both of which followed a highly consultative and participatory process
at national and regional levels, commissioned by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and
Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA), and supported by the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) and Tufts University through the Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU
II).
I wish to extend gratitude to all my colleagues, the Ministers in the various line Ministries and their
Permanent Secretaries and technical staff for supporting the implementation of KIDP2 and design
of KIDP3. I also wish, in a special way to thank, the respective Development Partners, in addition
to the OPM technical team and the respective District Local Governments and Civil Society for
their support to these processes.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The third Karamoja Integrated Development Plan (KIDP3) was prepared by the Office of the Prime
Minister (OPM) facilitated by the Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA), in collaboration with various
line ministries, multi-lateral and bi-lateral Development Partners, UN Agencies, International Non-
Governmental Organisations (INGOs), Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), District Local
Governments, religious leaders, and representatives of the elders. This highly participatory
process was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and
Tufts University through the Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU II). The consultative
processes were facilitated by Centre for Basic Research (CBR), a Kampala based research and
consulting firm.
The design of the KIDP3 was preceded by a review of the performance of the implementation of
the KIDP2. The participation of members of the KIDP Technical Working Group (TWG) from the
respective line ministries in the review of the performance of the KIDP2 and design of KIDP3 is
much appreciated. Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) that were consulted included :
the Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MoDVA); Uganda People’s Defence Forces
(UPDF); the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA); Uganda Police; Uganda Prisons Services; Office of
the President; District and sub-county Internal Security agencies; the Ministry of Water and
Environment (MWE); Ministry of Works and Transport (MoWT); Uganda National Roads Authority
(UNRA); and the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED).
Others MDAs consulted included: Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES); Ministry of Health
(MoH); Ministry of Energy and Minerals Development (MEMD); the Rural Electrification Agency
(REA); the Ministry of Local Government (MoLG); the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social
Development (MGLSD); the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF); the
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD); the Ministry of Trade, Industry
and Cooperatives (MTIC); the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA); the Ministry
of Public Service (MoPS); Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs (MoJCA); the
Inspectorate of Government (IG), and; National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO).
The indulgence by the Karamoja Development Partners’ Group (KDPG), the Karamoja INGOs
Working Group, Members of Parliament from Karamoja, District political leaders and technical
officials from Karamoja sub region especially heads of the respective sectors at district level, as
well as representatives of security agencies, religious leaders, cultural elders and members of the
civil society is recognised and highly appreciated. In order to ensure appropriate buy-ins, the
consulting team led by Dr. Frank Emmanuel Muhereza from the Centre for Basic Research, made
presentations on zoom to the KDPG and the Karamoja INGO Working Group.
At regional level, the consulting team held workshops with district leaders and sector heads from
all the districts of Karamoja. Apart from all stakeholders who were consulted during review of
KIDP2 for comment, a draft KIDP3 document was also widely circulated to representatives of
security agencies, religious leaders, cultural elders, and Karamoja private sector and opinion
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....xi
1 SECTION ONE: THE KIDP3 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................1

1.2 PROFILE OF KARAMOJA ...................................................................................................................................3
1.3 A SUMMARY OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM KIDP2 IMPLEMENTATION (2015/2016-2019/2020) ..................6
1.4 METHODS USED IN THE KIDP3 DESIGN ............................................................................................................9
1.5 HIGHER LEVEL OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE KIDP3 ...........................................................11
1.5.1 Overall Goal of the KIDP3 .......................................................................................................................11
1.5.2 Strategic Objectives of the KIDP3 ...........................................................................................................11
1.5.3 Guiding Principles of the KIDP3 ..............................................................................................................11
1.6 THE THEORY OF CHANGE FOR THE KIDP3 ......................................................................................................13
2 SECTION TWO: SPECIFIC CONTEXTS AND DESCRIPTION OF KIDP3 PROGRAMME AREAS ............................... 14
2.1 PROGRAMME ONE: CONSOLIDATING PEACE, SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE IN KARAMOJA ........................14
2.2 PROGRAMME TWO: STRENGTHENING KARAMOJONG PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORAL LIVELIHOODS .....32
2.3 PROGRAMME THREE: ENHANCED DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN KARAMOJA ...............................48
2.4 PROGRAMME FOUR: PROMOTING AGRO-INDUSTRIALISATION AND MANUFACTURING IN KARAMOJA ......71
2.5 PROGRAMME FIVE: UNDERTAKING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND MINERAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARAMOJA .76
2.6 PROGRAMME SIX: INVESTING IN TOURISM, TRADE AND CO-OPERATIVES DEVELOPMENT IN KARAMOJA ...85
2.7 PROGRAMME SEVEN: SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ............101
2.8 PROGRAMME EIGHT: ENHANCING ROADS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES IN KARAMOJA113
2.9 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES MAINSTREAMED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDP3 ..................................120
3 SECTION THREE: KIDP3 ASSUMPTIONS, RISKS, THREATS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............................. 142
3.1 ASSUMPTIONS MADE DURING THE KIDP3 DESIGN ......................................................................................142

3.2 THE KIDP3 RISKS, THREATS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...........................................................................142
4 SECTION FOUR: THE KIDP3 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 146
4.1 THE KIDP3 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................146

4.2 THE KIDP3 COORDINATION FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................146
4.3 ALIGNMENT, SYNERGIES AND COHERENCE OF THE KIDP3 ..........................................................................156
5 SECTION FIVE: THE KIDP3 ACTION PLAN...................................................................................................... 159
5.1 THE KIDP3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) FRAMEWORK ..............................................................159

5.1.1 Outcomes and Impact Monitoring and Evaluation ..............................................................................159
5.1.2 Outputs and Results Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................164
5.2 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED KIDP3 BUDGET ............................................................................................165
6 SECTION SIX: KIDP3 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 166
6.1 SELECTED REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................166
v
6.2 LIST OF PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED IN KARAMOJA DURING THE KIDP2 .........................................................171
6.3 LIST OF PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BY DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS THAT WERE ACTIVE IN KARAMOJA BY
DECEMBER 2018 ....................................................................................................................................................173
6.4 LIST OF DISTRICT OFFICIALS CONSULTED DURING REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS, 30 MARCH-1 APRIL
2021 175
6.5 ATTENDANCE OF THE KIDP2 REVIEW TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP (TWG) MEETING, KAMPALA, DECEMBER
10-11, 2020............................................................................................................................................................178
vi
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ACME African Centre for Medical Excellence

ACTED Agency for Technical Co-operation and Development
AI Artificial Insemination
ALC Area Land Committee
ANC Antenatal Care
ASM Artisanal and Small-scale Mining
ASTU Anti-Stock Theft Unit
AU African Union
AUAV Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
BMWR Bokora and Matheniko Wildlife Reserves
BTVET Business and Technical Vocational Education Training
CAHW Community Animal Health Worker
CAO Chief Administrative Officer
CBR Centre for Basic Research
CCO Certificate of Customary Ownership
CDO Community Development Office
CEWERU Conflict Early Warning and Response Unit
CFPU Child and Family Protection Unit
CFR Central Forest Reserve
CHEW Community Health Extension Worker
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIMIC Civil-Military Co-operation Centre
CLA Communal Land Association
CLTSH Community-led Total Sanitation and Hygiene
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease of 2019
CSBAG Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group
CSO Civil Society Organisation
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
DDMPC District Disaster Management and Preparedness Committee
DDP District Development Plan
DEC District Executive Committee
DHO District Health Officer
DINU Development Initiative for Northern Uganda
DISO District Internal Security Official
DLB District Land Board
DLG District Local Government
DNRO District Natural Resources Officer
DPC District Police Commander
DSC District Service Commissions
DWD Directorate of Water Development
DWO District Water Officer
EAC East African Community
vii
ECD Early Childhood Development
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
FAL Functional Adult Literacy
FAO UN Food and Agricultural Organization
FEWSNET Famine Early Warning Systems Network
FSMP Faecal Sludge Management Plant
GAM Global Acute Malnutrition
GER Gross Enrolment rate
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH
GKMA Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area
GMP General Management Plan
GUCC Gulu University Constituent College in Moroto
HC Health Centre
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDDRSI IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience Sustainability Initiative
IG Inspectorate of Government
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IHRIS Integrated Human Resources Information System
INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation
JLOS Justice, Law and Order Sector
KAREDI Karamoja Regional Development Investment Strategy
KDF Karamoja Development Forum
KDPG Karamoja Development Partners Group
KIDDP Karamoja Integrated Disarmament and Development Programme
KIDP Karamoja Integrated Development Plan
KPC Karamoja Policy Committee
KRDS Karamoja Regional Development Strategy
KRIP Karamoja Regional Investment Plan
KRSC Karamoja Regional Steering Committee
KRSU Karamoja Resilience Support Unit
LDU Local Defence Units
LITS Livestock identification and Tracking System
LLITN Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
MCG Mother Care Group
MCHN Maternal Child Health and Nutrition
MDA Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MDA Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MEMD Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development
MfKA Ministry for Karamoja Affairs
MFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
MGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development
viii
MHLUD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development
MHM Menstrual Hygiene Management
MIYCAN Maternal Infant Young Child Adolescent Nutrition
MKA Minister for Karamoja Affairs
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
MoD Ministry of Defence
MoES Ministry of Education and Sports
MoH Ministry of Health
MoIAs Ministry of Internal Affairs
MoLG Ministry of Local Government
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MoWT Ministry of Works and Transport
MSC Micro-finance Support Centre
MSKA Minister of State for Karamoja Affairs
MSME Micro Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise
MTICs Ministry of Trade, Industry and Co-operatives
MWE Ministry of Water and Environment
MTWA Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities
NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation
NDPIII Third National Development Plan
NER Net Enrolment Rate
NFP National Focal Point
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NPA National Planning Authority
NUDC Northern Uganda Data Centre
NUSAF3 Third phase of the Northern Uganda Social Action Fund
NWSC National Water and Sewerage Corporation
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OPD Outpatient Department
OPM Office of the Prime Minister
OSOBP One-Stop Open Border Post
PAS Principle Assistant Secretary
PCM Policy Coordination Meeting
PDC Parish Development Committee
PPP Public Private Partnership
PSD Private Sector Development
PTA Parents Teachers Association
PTC Primary Teachers College
PWD People living With Disabilities
RDC Resident District Commissioner
REA Rural Electrification Agency
RGC Rural Growth Centre
RPC Regional Police Commander
RUTF Ready to Use Therapeutic Food
ix
SACCO Savings and Credit Cooperative Society
SAGE Social Assistance Grants for Empowerment
SALWs Small Arms and Light Weapons
SEC Sub-county Executive Committee
SGBV Sexual and Gender-based Violence
SHARP Schools Health and Reading Programme
SHG Self Help Group
SLN Special Learning Needs
SMC School Management Committee
SOCO Scene of Crime Officer
SOP Standard Operating Procedures
SPS Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary
SRHR Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights
TADs Trans-boundary Animal Diseases
TWG Technical Working Group
UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics
UCC Uganda Communication Commission
UNBS Uganda National Bureau of Standards
UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities
UNHS Uganda National Housing Survey
UNRA Uganda National Roads Authority
UPDF Uganda People’s Defence Forces
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USE Universal Secondary Education
UWEP Uganda Women Entrepreneurship Project
VGS Vulnerable Family Grants
VHT Village Health Team
VIP Ventilated Improved Pit
VSLA Village Savings and Lending Association
WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene
WFP UN World Food Programme
WHH Welthungerhilfe
WHO World Health Organization
WISN Workload Indicator Staffing Need
YLP Youth Livelihood Project
x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The third Karamoja Integrated Development Plan (hereafter KIDP3) covers the period 2021/22 to
2025/26. The design of the KIDP3 was preceded by a review of the performance of the KIDP2,
both of which were commissioned by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry for
Karamoja Affairs (MfKA), and supported by the Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU) of Tufts
University. It was facilitated by Dr. Frank Emmanuel Muhereza, Centre for Basic Research (CBR),
Kampala.
The review of the performance of KIDP2, and the design of KIDP3, were undertaken using a
highly consultative and participatory process at the national and regional level. This process was
1
undertaken between December 2020 and July 2021. At the national level, consultations on the
design of the KIDP3 were carried out with members of the KIDP2 Technical Working Group
(TWG) comprising representatives from the following line ministries and agencies: Ministry of
Defence (MoD), Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF), Uganda Police, Uganda Prisons,
Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES), Ministry of Water and
Environment (MWE), the Judiciary, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development
(MGLSD), Inspectorate of Government (IG), Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development
(MLHUD), President’s Office, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Co-operatives (MTICs), Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), the National Planning Authority (NPA), OPM/MfKA,
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and Ministry of Health (MoH).
Also consulted at the national level were members of the Karamoja Development Partners’ Group
(KDPG) (December 2020) and the Karamoja International Non-Governmental Organisations
Working Group (February 2021). Regional stakeholder consultations were also carried out
between March and April 2021 with the following stakeholder categories: District leaders
(including LC5 Chairpersons, Chief Administrative Officers (CAO), and Resident District
Commissioner (RDCs); District Sector heads including Planners, Community Development
Officers (CDOs), District Health Officers (DHOs), Works and Technical Services, District Water
Officers (DWOs), District Natural Resources Officers (DNROs); and Security Sector actors at
regional level, including District Internal Security Officers (DISOs), Regional Police Commander
(RPC) and District Police Commanders (DPCs).
The Draft KIDP3 document of May 2021 was widely circulated, at national and regional level, for
peer review and comments on the intervention areas and their justification, as well as proposals
for new areas of improvement. This Final draft of the KIDP3 document significantly benefitted
from the comments. The KIDP3 has a number of unique features. The KIDP3 builds on the
achievements of the KIDP2 and other interventions before it, such as the Karamoja Integrated
Disarmament Programme (KIDDP) and KIDP1, in the areas of security improvement,
infrastructure for law and order enforcement, as well as human development (livelihood
improvement and enhancement of food and nutritional security, access to primary, secondary and
1
. There were significant interruptions in the consultative processes in 2021 caused by the lock-down measures
instituted by government in consultation with public health authorities to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
xi
tertiary education, access to primary health care services, access to safe water, and access to
improved sanitation and hygiene practices). It also builds on the improvements in the areas of:
roads, transport and telecommunications; tourism; trade, industry and co-operatives; energy and
mineral development; as well as environment and natural resources development. Apart from
building on the achievements of previous development planning frameworks before it, the KIDP3
also addressed key challenges, constraints and gaps encountered in the implementation of the
KIDP2. These include, among others: the recurrence of armed conflicts associated with violent
livestock thefts and raids; poor quality of education and health care services; persistence of food
shortages; and rising incidence of poverty (from 60.8% in 2016/7 to 65.7% in 2019/20).
The KIDP3 is a holistic and integrated medium-term development framework specifically intended
to address the unique context and development challenges in Karamoja. As a planning
framework, it serves to enhance the coordination and harmonisation of public sector and other
interventions for the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja by government and development
partners. The KIDP3 is aligned to the third National Development Plan (NDPIII) to the extent it
has adopted a programme-based approach to the interventions proposed in the KIDP3. In line
with the NDPIII, the KIDP3 will also deliver public and private sector investments, especially in
line with the Parish Development Model.
The KIDP3 focuses on developing the entire value chain by addressing constraints faced at
different levels: In all the areas proposed for investment in promoting value addition, the KIDP3
has a special focus on enhancing job creation. The KIDP3 also focuses on boosting skills and
competencies to the extent possible in the public sector at District, Sub-county and Parish levels.
The KIDP3 is therefore not intended as a substitute for existing programmes, projects, investment
plans and strategies for Karamoja, such as the Kenya-Uganda Cross-border Programme; the
Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU); the Karamoja Livestock Development Master
Plan, the Draft Karamoja Regional Development Strategy, and the Draft Karamoja Regional
Development Investment Plan, among many others.
The KIDP3 provides a framework within which these various development interventions can be
coordinated and harmonised to contribute to the achievement of the overall goal of the KIDP3,
which is: ‘A Secure, Peaceful, Inclusive, Resilient and Socio-Economically Transformed
Karamoja’. To achieve this overall goal, the following eight Strategic Objectives will be rigorously
pursued:

xii
The achievement of the above strategic objectives will be supported by two other additional
programme areas, namely: (a) addressing five key cross-cutting issues likely to affect the
realisation of key KIDP3 objectives, and; (b) ensuring proper management, coordination and
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of KIDP3 implementation. In these KIDP3 Strategic Objectives
and two additional strategic programme areas, 31 outcomes are expected to be achieved, 115
programme outputs realised, and 655 areas of interventions implemented over a five-year period.
The following are the guiding principles of the KIDP3: Documentation and reporting on outcomes;
Resource Mobilisation; Holistic, multi-sectoral, multi-level and multi-stakeholder interventions;
Transparency and accountability; Value for money infrastructure investments; Gender equity and
inclusion of disadvantaged groups; and a focus on Rebuilding trust.
Each of the above Strategic Objectives has been translated into a programme area. In order to
consolidate peace, security and governance in Karamoja under programme area 1, the KIDP3
will seek to further strengthen not only the capacities of Security Agencies to consolidate peace,
security and governance achievements, but also the Justice, Law and Order actors, in order to
realise efficient and effective enforcement of order and the rule of law. Under programme area 2
on ‘strengthening Karamojong Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Livelihoods’, the KIDP3 will pursue
three outcomes, namely: (a) support the adoption of climate-smart crop production strategies
and management practices; (b) support the enhancement of Karamojong livestock
production and productivity, and; (c) support the promotion of alternative sources of
livelihoods to enhance the resilience of Karamojong households.
These outcomes are aligned to government objectives to increase investment in commercial

agricultural production to enhance food and nutrition security for everyone in Karamoja; which is
a pre-condition for improving the livelihoods of the majority of the ordinary population in Karamoja,
and sustainable reduction in the incidence of absolute poverty. In order for this to happen there
has to be an incentive for those involved in production to adopt new ways of crop farming that are
climate-smart, and livestock production strategies that are market responsive. It is hoped that as
agricultural output increases, more households will adopt production for the market, which will not
only increase their incomes, but also their purchasing power. As purchasing power of more
homesteads is boosted the monetary economy will expand, which will create a market for other
products whose cumulative effect will be a reduction in poverty incidences.
The KIDP3 will also pursue the development of human capital in Karamoja under programme
area 3. This will be achieved through the following outcomes: (i) supporting quality and inclusive
education for enhanced skills of the population in Karamoja; (ii) provision of equitable, safe
and sustainable health services for improved health of the Karamojong; (iii) ensuring improved
nutritional security for school children and poor and vulnerable households in Karamoja; (iv)
enhancing access to safe water for human consumption and improved wellbeing of the
Karamojong; (v) improved household and institutional sanitation and hygiene for enhanced
wellbeing of the Karamojong. It is acknowledged that investing in the development of the human
resources in Karamoja is a foundation not only for socio-economic transformation, but also for the
reduction in the incidence of absolute poverty and the achievement of sustainable livelihoods.
This because a developed human resource base presents immense opportunities for unlocking
xiii
the full economic development potential of Karamoja, on the basis of which benefits of growth can
permeate the entire region without leaving behind anyone.
Under programme area 4, the KIDP3 will undertake interventions to promote agro-industrialisation
and manufacturing in Karamoja. It is acknowledged that the key to rapid socio-economic
transformation of Karamoja rests on unlocking the potential of agriculture through aggressive
industrialisation based on agriculture. In order to achieve the latter, the following outcomes will be
pursued: (a) promotion of agro-processing and value addition enterprises for the socio-economic
transformation of Karamoja, and; (b) establishment of manufacturing enterprises for increased
employment and income opportunities for the people of Karamoja.
For sustainable energy and mineral development in Karamoja, which will be pursued under
programme area 5, the following outcomes are planned: (a) fully harnessing the sustainable
energy potential of Karamoja in order to improve the wellbeing of the population of Karamoja;
(b) sustainably exploiting Karamoja’s mineral wealth in order to strengthen the resilience of
the livelihoods of the population. Under the KIDP3, investments will also be undertaken to
develop tourism, trade and co-operatives in Karamoja under programme area 6. The following
outcomes are expected to be achieved from these interventions: (i) community empowered and
socially transformed as a consequence of development of Karamoja’s alternative tourism
potential; (ii) business skills and enterprise developed in Karamoja leading to a competitive
business climate and improved welfare of the Karamojong; (iii) strengthened crop and livestock
marketing systems and enterprises leading to increased incomes of the Karamojong, and; (iv)
development of livestock breeders’ and savings co-operatives in Karamoja.
Under programme area 7 of the KIDP3, interventions will also be undertaken to promote
sustainable environment and natural resources management. The focus will be on: (a)
improvement of land administration and management; (b) reversing environmental degradation
in Karamoja and mitigating its adverse effects; (c) improving water resources management and
development. Programme 8 of the KIDP3 will focus on enhancing roads, transport and
communication services in Karamoja. This will be achieved through undertaking investments to
further improve Karamoja’s road infrastructure; and investing in Karamoja’s
telecommunication infrastructure.
Unlike previous planning frameworks, the KIDP3 stipulates five key cross-cutting issues targeted
for mainstreaming in the implementation of the KIDP3, namely: (i) Mind-set change; (ii) Gender
and generational issues; (iii) Conflict sensitive programming; (iv) Climate change impact,
adaptation and mitigation, and lastly; (v) Private sector involvement and engagement. In order to
ensure proper management, coordination and M&E of the implementation of the KIDP3
interventions; the following outcomes will be pursued: (a) further strengthening of capacities of
coordination and harmonisation of the KIDP3 interventions at national and regional levels; (b)
periodic assessment and review of the KIDP3 implementation progress and outcomes, and; (c)
further strengthening of capacities of key KIDP3 stakeholders for efficient utilisation of resources
and effective service delivery.
xiv
1 SECTION ONE: THE KIDP3 CONTEXT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This document provides the detailed narrative for the third Karamoja Integrated Development
Plan (KIDP3) for the period 2021/22 to 2025/26. The KIDP3 is a medium-term development
framework specifically intended to address the unique context and development challenges in
Karamoja. It is not intended as a substitute to the existing or planned development and investment
programmes and projects by government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs),
development partners and other non-state actors undertaking development interventions in
Karamoja, but as a holistic and integrated framework within which interventions seeking the
general socio-economic transformation of Karamoja can be coordinated and harmonised for a
common objective.
In the period between 2015/16 and 2019/20, when the KIDP2 was implemented, a lot of progress
was achieved in the development context in Karamoja, especially the development of the physical
infrastructure in Karamoja, including: justice administration and law and order enforcement, such
as court houses, construction of police stations and police posts, improvement of prisons facilities;
roads, especially central government and district roads; electricity supply mostly in urban areas;
educational facilities, from primary to secondary, and post-secondary technical education
institutions; primary health care facilities, especially health centres II and III; and water facilities,
including safe water for human consumption, such as piped water supply in urban areas and
boreholes in rural areas, as well as water for production facilities such as large valley dams and
medium size valley tanks and water ponds. Government has undertaken a lot of interventions
seeking the improvement of not only human capital in Karamoja, but also the wellbeing conditions
of the entire population. Government and development partners invested heavily in the
improvement of agricultural production in Karamoja to increase the proportion of households that
grow their own food, as well as strengthened livestock production systems. Huge investments
have been undertaken in the mining sector, including aerial surveys for detailed geothermal
mapping of the entire Karamoja sub-region, and mineral prospecting and mineral extraction,
especially of marble, limestone and gold. Hundreds of thousands of Karamojong are involved in
Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) in different parts of Karamoja. There are many private
sector-led interventions that have already registered positive change in the hospitality and tourism
industry in Karamoja, including several new large and medium-sized hotels and restaurants that
have been constructed in different parts of Karamoja, with the most prominent being Hotel
Africana in Moroto; and the Rangelands Hotel and Kaabong Resort Hotel, both in Kaabong.
The interventions that were undertaken in Karamoja after the end of the disarmament in 2010
precipitated tremendous progress in the improvement of the livelihoods of the people of Karamoja:
The proportion of the population living in poverty reduced from over 75% in 2015/16 to 60.8% in
2018/19. Several factors combined to undermine the progress that was achieved however,
including the resurgence of not only violent armed conflicts, but also shocks and natural disasters
such as the prolonged and severe drought in 2017/2018 that extended to early 2019, erratic
rainfall that led to flash floods in most low-lying parts of Karamoja in the second half of 2019,
1
locust invasions in 2019, and the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which
led to public health measures such as the first total lockdown of March 2020. As a consequence,
the proportion of the population in Karamoja living in poverty increased from 60.8% in 2016/17
(UBOS 2017, 101) to 65.7% in 2019/20 UNHS (UBOS 2021, 69).
In the first half of the KIDP2 period, there was peace and stability throughout the entire Karamoja
sub-region, until 2018/19 when, despite increased UPDF deployment along the international
border and internally, which was boosted by the Anti-Stock Theft Unit (ASTU) and Local Defence
Units (LDUs), as well as increased police deployment in many parts of Karamoja, insecurity began
increasing. This started as isolated cases of cattle theft in communities along the international
border with Kenya, and in Moroto, Kaabong, and eventually Kotido. Unresolved thefts led to, what
started as low level raids, culminating in very violent thefts and raids as well as widespread cases
of armed criminality. This insecurity extended to all the dry season grazing destinations in the
districts neighbouring Karamoja, as well as Abim, where communities are more settled and
practice agro-pastoralism.
Since 2020, there have been widespread fears of reversals in the gains made from disarmament
in Karamoja. The interventions proposed under the KIDP3 are therefore partly aimed at
addressing these fears, and other concerns regarding the unexpected challenges, as well as
unintended outcomes resulting from some of the trajectories of development which have been
encountered in the region in the course of implementation of the KIDP2 from 2015/16 to 2019/20.
The Karamoja Integrated Disarmament and Development Programme (KIDDP) for 2007/08-
2009/10, and the KIDP1 and KIDP2 that succeeded it, successfully reversed the social, economic
and political neglect of Karamoja, and laid a foundation for ensuring more effective integration of
sectors and addressing the strategic constraints and cross-cutting issues that have long
undermined the development of Karamoja.
The KIDP3 seeks to consolidate the achievements in the interventions that have been undertaken
in Karamoja over the last 15 years by further strengthening governance, and by consolidating
security, stability and peace in the region. The KIDP3 seeks to build on the successes that were
achieved in the development of physical infrastructure in Karamoja for not only security
enhancement and peace building on one hand, but also for human capital improvement,
increased agricultural production, and strengthened trade and marketing systems for crops and
livestock on the other hand. The KIDP3 emphasises rapid enterprise development in a bid to
increase opportunities for the development of more opportunities for investment in value-adding
enterprises, on the basis of which the agro-industrialisation of Karamoja will be anchored.
The KIDP3 places more emphasis on further enhancing coordination and management, as well
as improved M&E, particularly of the outcomes achieved from different development interventions
by state and non-state actors in Karamoja. The inability to achieve an accelerated rate of reduction
of poverty incidence in Karamoja, despite an increase in agricultural (crop and livestock)
production; the continuing cases not only of food and nutrition insecurity but also high rates of
Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM), and large numbers of children depicting stunting and wasting,
coupled with high under-five and maternal mortality rates in different parts of Karamoja, despite
2
significant improvement in physical health infrastructure and increase in the general food
availability in Karamoja; and lastly, the inability to markedly increase the Gross Enrolment Rates
(GER) and Net Enrolment Rates (NER) in both primary and secondary schools, as well as adult
literacy rates, despite huge investments in education infrastructure and facilities in Karamoja,
suggests a need to continue expanding enrolment, while also focusing more on the quality and
efficiency of all interventions and their outcomes.
The overall goal of the KIDP 3 is to achieve: ‘A Secure, Peaceful, Inclusive, Resilient and
Socio-Economically Transformed Karamoja’. To achieve this overall goal, the following eight
Strategic Objectives will be rigorously pursued:

The achievement of the above 8 Strategic Objectives will be supported by two other additional
programme areas, namely: (a) addressing five key cross-cutting issues likely to affect the
realisation of key KIDP3 objectives, and; (b) ensuring proper management, coordination and
monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the KIDP3 interventions.
This plan is divided into six sections. This first section provides the context that informed the
design of the KIDP3, and includes: an introduction; a profile of Karamoja; a summary of the key
achievements from the implementation of the KIDP2; the methods used in the development of
this KIDP3 narrative document; and a description of the logic of change anticipated in the design
of the KIDP3. Section two presents a description of the various programmes contained in the
KIDP3, as well as a discussion of how cross-cutting issues were mainstreamed in the plan.
Section three presents a discussion of the assumptions, risks and threats and their mitigation
measures. Section four provides the KIDP3 implementation framework. Section five provides the
KIDP3 Action Plan, which includes the KIDP3 Results Framework and proposed budget. The
annexures to the KIDP3 narrative document are given in section six.
1.2 PROFILE OF KARAMOJA
The Karamoja sub-region is a semi-arid zone, located in the furthest north-eastern part of Uganda
between 1°30–4°N and 33°30–35°E. It borders Kenya to the east and north-east, as well as South
Sudan to the north, and covers around 27,000 km2 (10% of the country). The sub-region is
organised into nine districts, namely: Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Karenga, Kotido, Moroto,
Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit and Napak; and the two municipalities of Moroto and Kotido. It borders
Bukwo, Kween, Bulambuli, Bukedea and Kumi districts to the south; Katakwi, Amuria,
Kapelebyong, and Otuke districts to the south-west; Agago to the west, and; Kitgum District to
3
the north-west. The sub-region has an international border with South Sudan to the north and with
Kenya to the east and north-east.
With approximately 1.4 million inhabitants, Karamoja has a relatively small population. The people
of Karamoja, collectively termed the Karamojong, are comprised of eleven different ethnic groups;
several with largely similar dialects and a few that are quite distinct. The larger ethnic groups
include the Matheniko, Pian and Bokora (which together are known as the Karimojong), as well
as the Jie and the Dodoth. The Pokot are part of the Kalenjin ethnic group. The smaller groups
include the Tepeth, Kadam, Nyakwae, Ik (Teuso), Napore and Ethur.
Topographically, Karamoja is a relatively flat plain with a higher elevation to the east. The plain is
punctuated by hills and mountains including Mount Morungole in the north, Mount Moroto in the
east, Akisim and Napak Mountains to the west, and Mount Kadam on its southern border. In terms
of its main ecological characteristics, Karamoja is known to receive low average annual amounts
of rainfall in most parts, ranging from an average of 350 mm to 1,000 mm per annum, with a few
areas, like Namalu, receiving about 1,300 mm p.a. This rainfall is highly erratic in the sense that
the average amounts received over the last five years have been higher than normal, and some
of the rains have been received in months when they are least expected. In some places, rains
have extended for several months up to December, indicating that the reality of climate change
is upon the sub-region.
The hydrology is dominated by deeply incised, sand-filled, ephemeral channels flowing from east
to west in the direction of the general land surface slope. Livestock forms the heart of the
economy, social identity and culture of the area. The land is largely a dryland plateau that slopes
westwards to the sub-regions of Teso and Lango. The area is higher in the east where Mount
Moroto (3000m) imposes itself at the border with Kenya, while in the extreme northeast, Mount
Zulia (2150m) drops to the Eastern Rift Valley on the Kenya side and the Morungole Hills (2700m)
slightly inside the Karamoja area.
An updated livelihoods’ mapping of Karamoja reveals four broad livelihood zones comprising the
following:
(a) the sorghum-livestock zone comprising the following sub-counties: southern Kaabong;
most of Kotido; southern Moroto; Northern Napak; western Nakapiripirit and most of
Nabilatuk districts;
(b) the mixed crop zone, comprising the western parts of Karamoja, which receives more
rainfall than the rest of Karamoja, stretching from Kawalakol, Lobalangit in Karenga
district; Kapedo and Lolelia in Kaabong district; Kacheri in Kotido district; Alerek, Lotukei,
Morulem and Nyakwae in Abim District; Lokopo, Matany, Lorengechora and Iriri in Napak
district, and Namalu in Nakapiripirit district;
(c) the maize-livestock zone, comprising the following sub-counties: Katikekile, Northern
division, Tapac, parts of Nadunget in Moroto district; Kakomongole and Moruita in
Nakapiripirit district; Loroo, Amudat and Karita in Amudat district, and lastly;
4
(d) the apiary-potato zone, comprising the following sub-counties: Kathile, Kamion, parts of
Kalapata and Lodiko in Kaabong district.
These four livelihood zones are captured in the map below:
Across these four livelihood zones, livestock ownership is widespread and the most prevalent
livelihood source. Of the estimated 6 million head of cattle in Uganda in 2008, Karamoja had
5
about 19.8% of the national cattle herd (2.3 million cattle); 16.3% of the goats (2.0 million head)
and 49.4% of the sheep (1.7 million head) (Egeru et al 2014b, 3).
1.3 A SUMMARY OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM KIDP2 IMPLEMENTATION

(2015/2016-2019/2020)
Around the time the KIDP2 was launched in 2015/16, most of Karamoja had been peaceful for an
extended period of time, apart from occasional dry season flashes of conflicts in the border
districts of Amudat, Moroto, Kaabong, and to a certain extent Kotido. Most of these clashes were
associated with the continued incursion into Karamoja by armed pastoral groups from Kenya and
South Sudan. Dry season armed conflicts were common in the districts of Napak and Abim, which
were mostly associated with the dry season migration of Karamojong pastoral groups from
Moroto, Kotido and Amudat.
For a very long time, there were no large-scale raids, and whenever a theft or raid took place,
culprits would be quickly apprehended, and raided livestock recovered and returned to their
rightful owners. The highways in and out of Karamoja were very secure, as there were no longer
road ambushes in the region. There had been a tremendous reduction in cattle rustling and stock
theft, in terms of scale and frequency. Most of Karamoja was now open to movement of persons
and goods, which greatly improved the livelihoods opportunities of the Karamojong. Government
and development partners invested in improvement of the functioning of Justice, Law and Order
sector (JLOS) institutions, including construction, equipping, and infrastructure for improving
human resources in the police, judiciary and prisons. A total of 61 police stations and police posts
were constructed in Karamoja. The number of Police Officers in Karamoja increased from 534
officers in 2015 (police: population ratio of 1:71,591) to 1,163 officers in 2020 (implying police:
population ratio of 1:39,330), representing an increase of 118%.
The security improvements led to increased investments in the availability and delivery of basic
social services. Several new primary schools, seed secondary schools, as well as vocational
training institutions were constructed, and old ones rehabilitated. This led to significant
improvement in the GER. In the health sector, 15 new health facilities were constructed and
equipped, including one Health Centre (HC) IV, one HCIII, and 13 HCII. Several existing health
facilities were also maintained including 5 Hospitals, 5 HC IV, 42 HC III, and 89 HC II. Staffing
levels in health facilities improved due to improvement in the terms and conditions of service of
health workers. With regards to access to safe water for human consumption, a total of 410
boreholes were rehabilitated and maintained, and 254 new boreholes drilled in Karamoja during
the KIDP2. In addition, several piped water supply and sanitation systems were constructed and
operationalized in a number of small towns and rural growth centres in the districts of Abim,
Amudat, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit and Moroto. To add to the water for production capacity of
Karamoja, during the KIDP2, 14 large valley tanks of 20,000m3 capacity were constructed in
different sub-counties in the districts in Karamoja. 36 valley tanks of 10,000m3 capacity were
constructed at parish levels, and 12 valley tanks of 10,000m3 capacity were de-silted in the
different parts of Karamoja. In addition, 34 windmills were repaired and rehabilitated in Karamoja.
6
With regards to roads and transport infrastructure, there was significant improvements during the
KIDP2. Government launched Karamoja’s second tarmac road from Soroti to Moroto in November
2020. Many dangerous bridges on major highways were re-designed and constructed including
at Lopei river along the Moroto-Kotido road; Kangole bridge along the Iriri-Moroto road; and
Kaabong bridge along the Kaabong-Kidepo highway. Many feeder roads were routinely
maintained to ensure all-year motorability. Many previously hard-to-reach areas also become
accessible. This translated into increased vehicular traffic, both private and public transport, as
well as a reduction in travel time and vehicle operation costs for travel to and out of Karamoja due
to good road surfaces on both tarmac and murram roads. As a consequence, there was an
increase in the volume of travellers in and out of Karamoja, leading to increased exposure of the
people of Karamoja to the world outside Karamoja, as well as a better appreciation of Karamoja
by people outside Karamoja as the number of first-time visitors increased. All district headquarters
became accessible all year round. The delivery of basic services increased, as well as safety and
security, which led to increased opportunities of not only increased access to markets, but also
trade and investment opportunities in many parts of Karamoja which were possible before.
Many business enterprises have been established, and new hotels built which has increased the
hotel accommodation capacity in the region. The opening up of roads leading to neighbouring
districts and countries has increased cross-border trade. Significant investments have been made
by Government and development partners in alternative sources of income for the Karamojong,
including opening up of Karamoja to trade and commerce, and commercial business enterprises,
including mining and tourism activities. The latter benefitted many of those who had been
disarmed or had lost most of their livestock from armed conflicts (raids and disarmament
operations) and livestock diseases, leading to a new sense of optimism in the future of Karamoja.
These interventions during the KIDP2 period created a conducive environment for Karamoja’s
recovery efforts.
During KIDP2, Government subsidised land opening up for crop farming; provided farm inputs
such as fast maturing, high yielding and drought tolerant/resistant seed varieties; and provided
farm implements such as ox-ploughs and hoes. Agricultural extension services were also
provided to farmers. As a result, more land was put under crops. Livestock production and value
addition to livestock products also improved significantly. Many Karamojong pastoralists received
subsidised veterinary inputs, and improved breeds of goats and cattle through different types of
pass-on schemes. Trainings were also provided in adding value to animal products, particularly
fattening, processing goat skins/hides, and goats’ milk. In addition, many households in Karamoja
received support to adopt other forms of livestock such as poultry keeping, fish farming and apiary
farming. A lot of support was provided to mentor Karamojong organised into farmers’ groups for
targeting better markets outside Karamoja. The Karamojong were trained on how to create market
linkages and to bulk produce for collective marketing for better prices for their crops and livestock.
In the course of the KIDP2 implementation, a number of challenges were encountered. On the
one hand the Karamojong quickly forgot about the conditions of insecurity in which they had lived
for a very time, while on the other hand, there then appeared to have been a lapse in preparing
for the worst-case security scenarios among the leadership of the army and the districts in
7
Karamoja. Incidents of habitual crime kept unfolding even as the capacity of law and order
enforcement was being improved. The incidences of poverty were also not reducing as fast, and
as much, as was taking place in other parts of the country. The amount of land brought under
crop in Karamoja increased, but only for those with means, for example, only those with the
capacity to open as much land as is available for crop farming. The number of smallholder farmers
who had capacity to produce more food than they need for their consumption, and could sell
surplus to earn incomes from crop production, was still limited. While food production increased,
vulnerability to food shortages did not relent, even in areas where food production had increased
the most—especially the greenbelts areas because of the vagaries of nature and the fact that
crop cultivation remains largely rain-fed.
The benefits of improvement in livestock production were not evenly spread out among the
population, with livestock becoming concentrated in the hands of a smaller section of the
population. Food and nutritional security were still widespread among many households by the
end of KIDP2. Many of those who had been disarmed did not transition effectively from a life
dependent on livestock production to alternative sources of livelihood; partly because of
limitations in the required critical skills which were largely absent for the majority of those who
were disarmed. After disarmament, most of what was promised to those who had been disarmed
was not realised. Some criminal minded individuals within Karamojong communities used the
period of relative calm to re-arm because the focus of law enforcement agencies was on
strengthening the formal justice law and order institutions and activities such as community
policing.
While significant progress has been achieved in putting in place the requisite infrastructure for the
management of armed conflicts associated with cattle thefts and raids in Karamoja—including
strengthening the capacity of law enforcement agencies, such as the Judiciary, Uganda Police
and Uganda Prisons, and most of the interventions by Government and development partners
have contributed significantly to the mainly short-term objective of ensuring peace (peace-
making)—enormous challenges have continued to be encountered in addressing the long-term
goal of building sustainable peace. One of the lessons which has been learnt during the
implementation of the KIDP2 is that it is futile to pursue one objective at the expense of the other,
even unintentionally. Going forward, a balance between objectives is necessary.
8
1.4 METHODS USED IN THE KIDP3 DESIGN
2
The design of the KIDP3 was preceded by the review of the performance of KIDP2. Both entailed
a highly participatory process that was carried out at the national and regional levels.
Stakeholders consulted at the national level included government Ministries, Departments and
Agencies (MDAs), development partners, including multi-lateral and bi-lateral agencies, United
Nations agencies, and international as well as national NGOs. This process, which commenced
in October 2020 with an inception meeting in Kampala, was followed by a series of consultative
meetings with national levels stakeholders.
Between November 2020 and August 2021, several KIDP stakeholders were consulted. These
included: the KIDP2 TWG, comprising focal point persons in the different government MDAs
which implemented interventions under the KIDP2, were consulted during a two-day workshop
held on 10th and 11th December 2020 in Kampala. Karamoja Donor Partners’ Group (KDPG),
coordinated by Mercy Corps Uganda, were also consulted during the review of the performance
of KIDP2, and KIDP3 design. The review consultant made a presentation on the review of KIDP2
and design of KIDP3 to the KDPG during a zoom meeting on 3rd December 2020. Submissions
on the performance review of KIDP2 and proposals for the design of KIDP3 from International
NGOs (INGOs) Karamoja Working Group were obtained with support from Mercy Corps Uganda,
which was chairing the Karamoja INGO Working group in 2020/21.
At the regional level, consultations were conducted with District political and technical leaders, as
well as sector heads including district planners, district heads of Education, Health, Water,
Technical Services (Roads and Works), and Community-based services. Security agencies were
also consulted including the UPDF, the Uganda Police, Prisons Services, and internal security
agencies at district and sub-county levels. Regional stakeholders were consulted during half-day
workshops convened in Karamoja as follows: Kaabong and Karenga districts on 29th March 2021
at Kaabong Resort Hotel; Abim and Kotido districts on 30th March 2021 at La Maison Hotel Annex,
Kotido; Moroto and Napak districts on 31st March 2021 at Mt. Moroto Hotel; and Amudat, Nabilatuk
and Nakapiripirit districts on 1st April 2021 at Nakapiripirit District Council Chamber Hall. A report
of the participatory review of the performance of the KIDP2 is available.
On the basis of the analysis of the performance of the KIDP2, and particularly what was achieved
that has potential for greater dividends, and the gaps and challenges encountered, proposals
were identified for the design of the KIDP3. Suggestions made by the KIDP2 stakeholders for
consideration during the design of KIDP3 were evaluated, and those consistent with the overall
goal of the KIDP3 were integrated. A Draft KIDP3 was developed in July 2021, and widely
circulated to generate feedback on the adequacy and relevancy of the intervention areas
proposed therein. Among those with whom the draft KIDP3 was shared for reviews, and
comments received included: members of the KIDP TWGs; representatives of the UPDF and
2
. The review of the performance of KIDP2 and design of the KIDP3 was commissioned by the OPM/MfKA, and
supported by the Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU) of the Tuft University Global Inc. It was facilitated by
Dr. Frank Emmanuel Muhereza, Centre for Basic Research (CBR), Kampala.
9
other security sector actors; members of parliament from Karamoja; members of the KDPG; the
members of the Karamoja INGO Working Group; District leaders (including Resident District
Commissioners, Chief Administrative Officers, District Chairpersons) and District sector heads in
Karamoja; sub-county local government technical staff; national NGOs and civil society;
Karamojong religious leaders and cultural elders; opinion leaders, Karamojong elites and
academicians. On Tuesday 3rd August 2021, the review consultant made a presentation of the
draft KIDP3 to the Minister for Karamoja Affairs (MKA), Hon. Mary Goretti Kitutu and the Minister
of State for Karamoja Affairs (MSKA), Hon. Agnes Nandutu at a meeting held at OPM. On
Thursday 5th August 2021, a virtual presentation of the draft KIDP3 was made to the Karamoja
INGO Working Group monthly meeting for preliminary comments and further review, subsequent
to which, invaluable comments were received from several INGOs and UN agencies such as UN
World Food program (WFP) and UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO).
The process of assessing the achievements of the KIDP2, and design of the KIDP3 involved a
desk review of a wide range of documents and materials on the implementation of KIDP2,
including the KIDP2 programme document, monitoring reports and results frameworks. The latter
were reviewed to determine the relevance of the KIDP2 thematic areas (sectors) and programme
interventions to the overall programme goal, as well as to determine whether the programme
principles and strategies deployed were relevant and sufficient to enable the MfKA and the OPM
to achieve the intended outputs under KIDP2; as well as to make recommendations for
consideration during the design of KIDP3. A number of other relevant government policy
framework documents were also reviewed. These included: the NDPIII; the framework document
for the operationalization of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Kenya and
Uganda for achievement of sustainable peace and development; as well as other documents from
development partners detailing the key constraints facing Karamoja at the moment.
Apart from the primary data which was generated from the extensive stakeholder consultations,
information on the conflict context and the changing conflict dynamics in Karamoja was obtained
from: published and unpublished secondary literature on Karamoja; reports from government
MDAs; journal and magazine articles; newspaper reports; minutes of District Executive
Committees (DEC) and District Councils in Karamoja; as well as historical materials from the
national archives in Wandegeya as well as the Karamoja colonial archives in Moroto. A lot of
information on the performance of the KIDP2 was also obtained from minutes of Sub-county
Executive Committees (SEC) and Sub-county council from various districts in Karamoja, an from
the information generated, areas for possible consideration during the design of KIDP3 was
discerned.
10
1.5 HIGHER LEVEL OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE KIDP3
1.5.1 Overall Goal of the KIDP3
The overall goal of the KIDP3 is: ‘A Secure, Peaceful, Inclusive, Resilient and Socio-
Economically Transformed Karamoja’.
1.5.2 Strategic Objectives of the KIDP3
The Strategic Objectives of the KIDP3 are high level objectives to guide all activities that will be
implemented under the different intervention areas from among the diversity of programmes and
project activities. The Strategic Objectives of the KIDP3 are to:

Two additional programme management areas are to:
• Enhance Management, Coordination and Monitoring of KIDP3 interventions

• Address key cross-cutting issues likely to hinder the realisation of the overall goal of
KIDP3
Under each of these Strategic Objectives are programme components that have been translated
into Programme Outcomes. These are the changes to be realised as a result of the achievement
of the various outputs of the KIDP3. KIDP3 has a total of 32 outcome areas, 108 outputs; and 581
planned programme activities that are planned for implementation under the entire programme
document.
1.5.3 Guiding Principles of the KIDP3
1. Documentation and reporting on outcomes: While KIDP3 will continue output reporting to
inform progress monitoring, the outcomes achieved from the various development
interventions will also be documented and reported on. This is because reporting on outcomes
provides the most effective method for reporting on how the interventions being undertaken
are contributing to positive change in the lives of the people in Karamoja. The design,
monitoring and evaluation of interventions will be defined by tracking not only inputs, outputs
and results, but also by tracking the outcomes and impacts from the implementation of the
KIDP3. Tracking of outcomes lays a good foundation for enhancing sustainability of impacts
of the interventions undertaken.
11
2. Additionality: While KIDP3 is intended as an overarching planning framework document, it
is also intended to mobilise additional resources to achieve the KIDP3 development targets.
In addition to increasing the per capita resources allocated to Karamoja, there is a deliberate
pursuit of ensuring the increased resources translate into increased wellbeing of more people
in Karamoja. To that effect, several funding mechanisms have been stipulated under the
KIDP3 that will ensure Karamoja achieves the desired objectives of increasing household
incomes and enhancing value addition to agricultural production activities. A number of
proposals have been made for strengthening governance to ensure that money is monitored
and spent more effectively and efficiently.
3. Holistic, multi-sectoral, multi-level and multi-stakeholder interventions: KIDP3
recognises the interconnectedness, complexity and continuously changing dynamics of the
development challenges which Karamoja presents. KIDP3 presents priorities for Karamoja
that cut across the various sectors and institutions that government cannot achieve alone,
hence the need to create strong partnerships with non-state sectors, including the private
sector, civil society as well as traditional/cultural institutions and structures. To deliver on the
proposed outputs and outcomes of the plan, it will be necessary for different sectors and
partners at different levels to work together in ways that complement each other, not only to
achieve their objectives, but also to collectively realise the common objectives.
4. Transparency and accountability: The need to strengthen transparency and accountability
has been a major conclusion for all development partners and stakeholders since the KIDP1
and KIDP2. Under the KIDP3, social accountability mechanisms are emphasised, and
innovative tools are proposed, and efforts will be made to ensure they are effectively used for
generating better data and information for monitoring and evaluation of the KIDP3.
5. Value for money infrastructure investments: The KIDP3 emphasises the need for all major
infrastructure investments to have a sustainability plan that spells out how they will continue
to benefit the intended beneficiaries, and for ensuring the infrastructure is used for what it was
intended. The KIDP3 also pays special attention to ensuring sustainability of the infrastructure
put in place during the KIDDP, KIDP1 and KIDP2, some of which have either been vandalised
or are not functional due to poor maintenance and/or lack of a sustainability plan. The KIDP3
will put emphasis on resurrecting key infrastructure, such as piped water, valley tanks, etc.
that were put in place in the past, and thereafter will ensure structures are put in place for
continued sustainability.
6. Gender equity and inclusion of disadvantaged groups: All interventions proposed under
the KIDP3 will focus on enhancing the involvement and active participation of not only Women,
Youth and Children, but also other disadvantaged categories such as People Living with
Disabilities (PWDs), the elderly, as well as ex-combatants, former warriors, and those affected
by armed violence associated with cattle raiding requiring psychosocial support.
7. Focus on rebuilding trust: The KIDP3 will focus on rebuilding trust, not only between
security agencies and communities and their leaders, but also increasing a sense of
ownership of interventions undertaken by the centre and by development partners within
district local governments. Key to building trust is respect for key aspects of the cultures of
beneficiaries. Keeping open communication channels is important in achieving behaviour and
mind-set change for the greater benefit of Karamoja, on the basis of which trust is cemented.
12
1.6 THE THEORY OF CHANGE FOR THE KIDP3
Context analysis Integrated intermediate outcomes within KIDP3 sphere of control Programme outcomes within KIDP3 sphere of influence
Preconditions for success Capacity of security agencies further strengthened; Peace, security and
(guiding principles) Strategies to governance in Karamoja
mainstream in Capacity of justice, law and order actors strengthened.
1. Documenting and consolidated
reporting on outcomes. KIDP3
2. Additionality – mobilising ind-set change
promoted within Pastoral and agro-pastoral
additional resources from
communities livelihoods of the
development partners.
Karamojong strengthened
3. Interventions are holistic,
multi-sectoral, multi-level Gender and
and multi-stakeholder. generational Equitable, safe and sustainable health Karamoja’s human
4. Transparency and equality targeted services; Improved nutrition security for school children and vulnerable capital enhanced
accountability. households; Access to safe water; Improved sanitation and hygiene.
5. Value for money Programming to KIDP 3 Goal
infrastructure investments. be conflict Agro-industrialisation (Programme
sensitive Agro-processing and value addition enterprises promoted;
6. Gender equity and and manufacturing Impact)
Manufacturing enterprises established for employment.
targeted inclusion of sector created A Secure,
disadvantaged groups. Integration of
impacts of Peaceful,
7. Focus on rebuilding trust. Solar energy promoted for households and institutions.
climate change, Inclusive,
Mineral resource wealth shared to strengthen community Karamoja’s energy and
and adaptation & resilience. Resilient and
mineral resources
mitigation Socio-
sustainably harvested
Economically
Private sector Transformed
Current context (risks) involvement and Alternative tourism potential developed; Business skills and enterprise Karamoja’s tourism
development supported; Crop and livestock marketing systems and enterprises potential, trade and Karamoja
Infrastructure has been engagement
improved but service strengthened; Production and savings co-operatives developed cooperatives developed
delivery remains poor.
Agricultural production is and administration and management ; Environmental degradation Karamoja’s environment
only increasing for some. addressed and its adverse effects mitigated; water resources management improved and natural resources
Gender inequalities Critical: Proper sustainably managed
continuing. management,
Rising incidences of poverty. coordination and
Sub-county road improvements undertaken and effective mobile telephone coverage
Commercial livestock raids. M&E of all Karamoja roads, transport
put in place.
Reversal of disarmament interventions & communication
gains. improved further
TOC Causal Pathways (examples): Assumptions (enablers) Assumptions (external factors)

Governance KIDP3 management and coordination functions are strengthened nationally and in the region; Multi- There is an overall enabling environment for KIDP3
Productivity sectoral and multi-level interventions are harmonised and address inter-connected factors; Capacity of implementation (political will at the centre and within local
actors and stakeholders strengthened to implement programmes; Interventions are implemented governments; community buy-in; neighbouring country
Human capital
Private sector inclusively and sustainably; Monitoring – implementation progress is periodically assessed and issues cooperation). There is multi stakeholder buy-in & willingness
addressed; Identified environmental, socio-economic and political risks are mitigated. to engage synergistically (private sector, NGOs, donors).
* Peace and security underpins all outcomes
13
2 SECTION TWO: SPECIFIC CONTEXTS AND DESCRIPTION OF
KIDP3 PROGRAMME AREAS
2.1 PROGRAMME ONE: CONSOLIDATING PEACE, SECURITY AND

GOVERNANCE IN KARAMOJA
This KIDP3 narrative document builds of what was achieved under the Karamoja Integrated
Disarmament and Development Programme (KIDDP) of 2007/8-2009/10, which made possible
the return of the ‘absent state’ to Karamoja. It is also a continuation of the first Karamoja Integrated
Development Programme (KIDP1) of 2010/11-2014/15, which set in motion the recovery
processes in Karamoja; leading to the second Karamoja Integrated Development Programme
(KIDP2) implemented from 2015/16 to 2019/20, which laid the foundation for the social and
economic transformation of Karamoja. The KIDP3 seeks to consolidate these achievements.
The first half of the implementation period of the KIDP2 registered a significant improvement in
security in Karamoja in general (see section 1.3). Incidents of habitual crime began unfolding,
despite the capacity of law and order enforcement improving in the area of physical infrastructure
development for law and order enforcement. Challenges were also encountered in other areas,
such as the adequacy and motivation of human resources. By the end of 2018/19, incidents of
cattle thefts and raids started becoming regular in dry season grazing areas along the
international borders in the districts of Kaabong and Moroto, and to a certain extent Kotido. These
isolated incidents were not swiftly dealt with, leading to calls for revenge among those who were
affected. Raids and thefts that were associated with continued incursions into Karamoja by armed
pastoral groups from Kenya and South Sudan put ethnic groups in the western parts of Karamoja,
far from the international borders at a relative disadvantage. Uganda disarmed the Karamojong,
but without adequate security for those who had disarmed. In many parts of Karamoja, cattle
keepers were rendered extremely vulnerable to armed raids and cattle thefts from those within
Karamoja who had not disarmed, as well as from pastoral groups from Kenya and South Sudan
still bearing firearms.
The continued resurgence of armed conflicts associated with livestock raiding in Karamoja, as
well as emerging new forms of conflicts associated with minerals and land acquisition, are
adversely and insidiously perverting the potential for Karamoja to address the important
determinants of human security and development. This includes undermining the sustainable
reduction of poverty incidences, and derailing improvements in the quality of education,
healthcare service delivery, and other services. To consolidate the authority of the state in the
region, these challenges have to be systematically addressed. Programme 1 of the KIDP3 is
aligned to the governance and security programme of the NDPIII, which aims to ensure that the
rule of law is increasingly adhered to, as well as ensure there is adequate capacity to address
prevailing and emerging threats to the security of the country (Republic of Uganda 2020b). It is
recognised under the KIDP3 programme that the armed violence associated with the recurrent
thefts and vicious raiding of livestock that takes place not only in Karamoja, but also in the districts
neighbouring Karamoja, is a threat to the security of the whole country and therefore has to be
14
contained. In order to ‘Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja’ under
Programme 1 of the KIDP3, the following two outcomes will be pursued:
Outcome 1: Capacity of security agencies further strengthened to consolidate peace,

security and governance achievements in Karamoja
Outcome 2: Capacity of Justice, Law and Order actors strengthened for efficient and
effective enforcement of Order and Rule of Law
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these two outcomes, on the basis of which the
overall objectives of the KIDP3 will be realised, are elaborated as follows:
OUTCOME 1: CAPACITY OF SECURITY AGENCIES FURTHER STRENGTHENED

TO CONSOLIDATE PEACE, SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE IN KARAMOJA
The rising number of unresolved isolated livestock thefts in the second half of the implementation
of the KIDP2 precipitated a resurgence in armed conflicts associated with livestock thefts and
raids, as well as murders. Unresolved thefts and raids create the urge for revenge among
aggrieved parties. There was a 90% increase in cases of cattle rustling reported in 2020 compared
to 2019. The highest incidences of rustling were reported in Kaabong and Napak, followed by
Kotido and Abim, while Karenga and Moroto registered only a few cases (Republic of Uganda
2021a, 41). Among other consequences, this led to re-armament and re-mobilisation for violence;
and a resurgence in crime and criminality in much of Karamoja, both in urban areas and rural
communities.
During the implementation of the KIDP1 and KIDP2, there was an apparent overwhelming focus
on the short-term objectives of peace-making, especially interventions intended to silence guns.
These included Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) collection through different security
operations for the disarmament of Karamojong warriors, both peacefully and forcefully; and the
tracking, arresting and prosecuting (and where resistance was encountered, putting out of action)
warriors involved in raiding. Unfortunately, this was done at the expense of the long-term objective
of consolidation of sustainable peace building. Within the latter concept it is recognised that the
silence of guns does not necessarily mean the existence of peace. There was a lot of focus on
the removal of the physical gun without targeting the disarmament in the minds of those whose
livelihoods, and most important skills, revolved around the ownership and use of a gun. The work
of ensuring sustainable peace was left to non-state actors, such as NGOs, whose interventions
are short-lived due to the project-based nature of their funding. The majority of the state actors,
especially security sector agencies and government MDAs—such the Office of the Prime Minister
(OPM), the Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA), Ministry of Defence (MoD), the Uganda People’s
Defence Forces (UPDF), Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Uganda Police Force, and other line
ministries—concentrated more on ensuring restoration of peace and security once there was a
breach, an end to the outbreaks and recurrence of violent conflicts, and the enforcement of law
and order.
Under Outcome 1 of Programme 1 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention will be
pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
15
Output 1.1: Consolidate gains made in disarmament and continue disarmament operations
to remove illegal SALWs from Karamoja
One year after implementation of the KIDP2 commenced, a report of the Uganda National
Housing Survey (UNHS) in 2016/17 put the proportion of the population living in poverty at 60%.
According to the 2019/20 UNHS, by the end of the KIDP2 period, poverty in Karamoja had
increased to 65.7% of the Karamoja population in 2020 (UBOS 2021, 69). While the population
living in poverty increased in Karamoja, it does not on its own explain the reason for the
resurgence of violent livestock raiding witnessed in Karamoja towards the end of the KIDP2. This
is because in Acholi, during the same period, poverty increased by 105%, an increase that was
far higher than in Karamoja, i.e. from 33% in 2016/17 to 67.7% in 2019/20 (UBOS 2021, 69), but
this did not lead to the outbreak of violent conflicts. In 2019/20, the total population living in poverty
in Acholi was higher than in Karamoja. Poverty also increased in Lango, from 16% in 2016/17 to
23.4% in 2019/20, representing a 46% increase (UBOS 2021, 69), and yet like Acholi, there was
no outbreak of violent conflicts. The high proportion of the population living in poverty in Karamoja
is an underlying driver of discontent, but is not the sole trigger for the outbreak of violence. This
is explained by other factors that the KIDP3 seeks to address.
As isolated incidents of cattle thefts continued, loopholes in the recovery, return and hand-over of
recovered animals increased discontent among different sections of the Karamojong. During
continuing security operations against livestock thefts and raiding, the army always paid attention
to the collection of firearms as well as the recovery and return of raided animals, but many times
the perpetrators of the raids were never apprehended. Even when culprits were apprehended and
subjected to formal court processes, some were released for lack of sufficient evidence to prove
guilt beyond any reasonable doubt. As isolated incidents of thefts then increased without the
recovery and return of raided animals, warriors started re-arming, while those who had buried
their guns un-buried them. Those who had escaped to neighbouring countries during the period
of disarmament also returned with their firearms. The cross-border tribal alliances between
Karamojong ethnic groups and pastoral groups from Kenya and South Sudan are avenues for the
acquisition of firearms. In September 2020 there was a prison break in Moroto, and many of the
stolen guns and escaped convicts, most of them warriors, are still at large. While cattle thefts
have continued in the districts along the international borders, the above events have all escalated
internal raiding in many Karamojong communities in the districts and far from the international
borders.
A number of events happened in the first half of the final year of the KIDP2 that contributed to the
events leading to the flaring up of armed conflicts in Karamoja: The invasion of Desert Locusts,
the outbreak of COVID-19, and then the subsequent imposition of a country-wide lockdown
disrupted the targeted disarmament initiated by the security forces in early 2019. The start of the
general election process in November 2020 significantly constrained civil military relations as local
leaders, especially some of those who were contesting for elective positions, opted to side with
their communities to gain electoral advantages, rather than enforce interventions for security
enhancement. The wave of insecurity that engulfed Karamoja in the last quarter of the final year
16
of the KIDP2 (September-December 2020) was precipitated by events that started happening two
or more years earlier, including unresolved incidents of cattle thefts and raids in the dry season
grazing areas that kept accumulating and continued escalating. The Nabilatuk Declarations of 22
3
April 2013 and the Moruitit Resolutions of 28 January 2014 —that had facilitated the management
of conflicts associated with livestock thefts and led to a significant reduction in cattle thefts, and
an increase in recovery and return of raided livestock—were undermined by a section of the
Karamojong elite who challenged their constitutionality because of their inherent principle of
collective punishment and the vicarious liability they entailed. To boost security and law and order
enforcement within communities, the army recruited, trained, armed and deployed LDUs. Within
the communities from where they were recruited and deployed, LDUs contributed significantly to
the improvement of security, including forestalling thefts and raids, and the tracking, recovery and
return of raided livestock. However, over time, LDUs started becoming purveyors of insecurity in
other communities. Whenever there were security lapses, LDUs escalated raiding by getting
involved directly or renting/hiring their firearms to their kinsmen. LDUs were responsible for most
of the pilferages of weapons and ammunition from the organised security agencies operating in
Karamoja. Some of the warriors put out of action during raids or operations for recovery of raided
livestock in the second half of 2020 were found in possession of LDU uniforms and marked
firearms.
One key factor underpinned the upsurge in violent livestock raiding. In parts of Karamoja a very
vicious form of commercialised raiding had emerged whose impetus is not affinity to the
accumulation of large herds, but almost exclusively by the desire to accumulate wealth from
selling raided livestock. This practice was first noticed around 2008/09. Local elites have in the
4
past been known to plan and coordinate raids on their mobile phones. Some of the raids were
5
aided and abetted by local leaders. This practice had been contained by July 2010 when the
success of forceful disarmament was announced. However, isolated incidents of raids in which
raided animals are unrecoverable because they are sold off, started partly as a consequence of
the effectiveness of the response to the Nabilatuk Declarations and Moruitit Resolutions. Those
who raided or stole livestock were always keen to dispose them for fear of the heavy sanctions
entailed when apprehended with stolen animals. In the recent upsurges in armed violence the
practice has resumed, and is a leading driver of vicious and largely commercialised thefts and
raids. The new wave of thefts and raids has given rise to a new breed of ‘conflict entrepreneurs’,
most of them unattached to the traditional institutions of the Karamojong. Most such raids are
usually pre-planned, with their masterminds sometimes making initial upfront payments to the
warriors. The potential buyers are also always on stand-by. The animals raided are usually driven
in the direction of an immediate point of sale, and never in the direction of the permanent
3
. The underlying principle of these two community initiatives which were promulgated in collaboration with the
UPDF and local leaders was the formulae of ‘X2+1’ (multiple by two plus one). Anyone who was found with a raided
cow was fined twice the number of animals he was found with, and an additional one animal for the security agencies,
peace committees and LCs that were involved in the recovery.
4
. See “Moroto District Councillors named in cattle rustling”, Daily Monitor 17 June 2008, pp. 12
5
. See “80 Warriors killed as army recovers 600 guns”, New Vision 22 June 2009, pp. 1
17
settlements or grazing kraals of the those involved. It is claimed that some of the masterminds of
such raids are local political leaders, unscrupulous local businessmen, as well as rogue elements
within the military establishment in Karamoja who are willing to take the risk of knowingly trading
in raided livestock. The KIDP3 seeks to address this new phenomenon in order to consolidate the
gains from disarmament in Karamoja.
OPM and MfKA will work with relevant line ministries and stakeholders to ensure that an
appropriate policy, legal and regulatory framework for undertaking peace building in Uganda in
general, as well as disarmament in Karamoja, is in place. OPM and MfKA will work with MoD and
Ministry of Internal Affairs (MoIAs) to ensure there is strengthened collaboration and coordination
among the security agencies to increase success of the disarmament interventions in Karamoja.
The UPDF will conduct regular security operations to apprehend and prosecute armed warriors,
as well as recover and return raided livestock to their owners; and in addition, undertake strategic
deployment of UPDF and auxiliary forces to stop internal and external cattle thefts and raids, and
stem the inflow of weapons into Karamoja. The UPDF, in collaboration with OPM and MfKA, will
ensure regular security and public meetings and dialogues are carried out to review disarmament
in Karamoja, neighbouring districts as well as cross-border areas. The UPDF will ensure army
field units and its auxiliary forces are facilitated with transport and communication equipment to
ensure effective security operations in remote and hard to reach areas.
The resurgence of armed conflicts in Karamoja cannot be explained by reference to competition

for scarce pastoralist resources, poverty, and the continuing trafficking and proliferation of small
arms in Karamoja. These factors contribute to, but are not the main drivers behind the armed
conflicts. The people who benefit most from the continuing raids are people of means, those who
are well connected and powerful. It has become extremely difficult to recover animals once they
have been raided. The Karamojong are renowned trackers, but even when animals have been
recovered, often, some, a large number, or all of them subsequently disappear while in the
custody of the security forces. It should be mentioned that while many times recovered animals
have been returned to their owners, according to many Karamojong consulted for this document,
it is no longer guaranteed that when your raided animals are recovered they will all be returned.
There is a thriving commerce in raided and recovered Karamojong livestock, which continue to
fuel the commercialisation of cattle thefts and raiding in Karamoja.
It is proposed that the KIDP3 undertake a ‘no-holds-barred’ and ‘say-it-as-it-is’ political

mobilisation campaign to ‘name-and-shame’ all past and present, primary and secondary,
perpetrators of armed conflicts in Karamoja, including political leaders, cultural elders, elites,
private sector actors and eminent personalities within and outside Karamoja who profiteer from
continuing livestock thefts, raids and other drivers of armed conflicts in Karamoja. It has
increasingly become evident that most of the current raids have masterminds who plan, organise
and bank-roll most of the raiding activities that take place. And this is why it is becoming
increasingly difficult to recover raided animals. Thefts and raids take place after buyers have been
identified and notified. Raids are coordinated using boda bodas and mobile phones. Efforts will
therefore be made to enforce mobile telephone tracking mechanisms to identify perpetrators of
livestock raids who coordinate raiding activities using mobile telephones. It is claimed that the
18
recent thefts and raids have been extremely violent, involving the killing of women and children,
because the perpetuators make overbearing demands on the warriors, and because they live far
away from the theatre of action so the violence entailed does not touch them or affect them
directly. Livestock are stolen or raided and loaded onto trucks in the bushes and quickly driven to
markets outside Karamoja. Security agents manning check points are often compromised to turn
a blind eye to the movement of livestock that takes place. The mayhem is taken advantage of by
politicians and businesspersons who use it to eliminate their rivals. Some gain political leverage
by overlooking the activities of warriors involved in raiding. The use of Autonomous Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles (AUAVs) for tracking, apprehending and stopping livestock raiding as well as
trafficking in illicit SALWs in Karamoja will also be explored.
Output 1.2: Collaboration between the Security Forces, political leaders, cultural elders
and local communities strengthened
Many of the people who have been killed by warriors in Karamoja between January and March
2021 were either investigating the rustlers or had provided information to the authorities on the
6
raids that were taking place. With these targeted executions of informers and peace committee
members, a blanket of silence on perpetrators of cattle thefts and raids has been re-imposed on
Karamojong communities in ways akin to the pre-disarmament Karamoja of the 1990s. A culture
of silence has enveloped Karamoja characterised by two key phrases which security actors get
when they solicit information about wrongdoers from locals, i.e. ‘ŋao’, meaning ‘I don’t know’ and
‘kimuk ekile’, meaning cover the man. This results in security forces being unable to obtain conflict
early warning information to enable them to intervene early and quickly to avert the escalation of
any incident of animal theft and raids. Consequently, the recovery of raided livestock is
undermined leading to the perpetuation of revenge actions, and affecting the relationship between
the security forces and local communities.
The need to address issues of lack of transparency, limited accountability and allegations of
corruption in the management of conflicts in Karamoja is recognised under the KIDP3. There
have been claims of corruption in the return of recovered animals which has undermined the
relationship between the security agencies and local political leaders and cultural elders, as
well as the local communities. In order to restore trust in the UPDF and other security
agencies in the eyes of the Karamojong, it is proposed under the KIDP3 to invest resources
in the re-establishment of properly functioning Civil-Military Co-operation Centres (CIMICs) at
District and Sub-county levels in Karamoja. The UPDF in collaboration with OPM and MfKA will
also ensure there are adequate resources to facilitate District, Sub-county and Parish Level
Dialogue Platforms for regular reviews of disarmament activities and to address allegations of
corruption in conflict management for increased accountability to citizens.
The UPDF in collaboration with OPM and MfKA will also ensure District and Sub-County Peace
Committees and Elders Councils are supported to continuously participate in peace building and
6
. See ‘35 killed by cattle rustlers in two months’, The Independent, April 9, 2021. Available at:
https://www.independent.co.ug/35-killed-by-cattle-rustlers-in-two-months/
19
conflict resolution activities, including recovery and return of stolen/raided livestock. Working in
collaboration with local political leaders and cultural elders, OPM and MfKA will ensure formal
mechanisms and lawful informal protocols for ensuring quick recovery and return of stolen/raided
livestock are established and enforced. OPM and MfKA working in collaboration with the UPDF
and Uganda Police will mobilise and organise disarmed warriors into support groups for reaching
out to disgruntled former warriors with opportunities for alternative livelihoods such as business
start-ups. Mechanisms for addressing psychosocial impacts of armed conflicts in Karamoja (such
as livestock raiding and disarmament), as well as the traumas, harms and raptures affecting
different social categories such as elders, adults, youth and children will be institutionalised under
the KIDP3. OPM and MfKA will support security agencies to bring on board political leaders,
cultural elders and peace actors in inter-community peace meetings and dialogues. Efforts will
also be made to identify, recruit, train and deploy Karamojong women into security forces and
intelligences services. Regular community mobilisation and sensitisation of former warriors and
youth will be held in order to achieve mind-set change on the possession, trafficking and use of
illegal firearms.
Output 1.3: Proliferation and trafficking of illicit SALWs in the Karamoja sub-region
curtailed
Although the Karamojong were comprehensively disarmed, and there was no visible display of
firearms by warriors at the start of the implementation of KIDP2, there were several shortcomings
in the implementation of post-disarmament recovery interventions. One area where little attention
was paid was disarmament of the minds of the former warriors. There were no systematic
undertakings in that direction. By the end of the KIDP2, in many parts of Karamoja outside the
urban areas, it was evident many illicit firearms were still in the possession of warriors, who had
either re-armed or retrieved the firearms they had hidden (buried) underground. The continued
dry season migration into Karamoja by armed pastoralists groups from Kenya and South Sudan
significantly undermines the security achievements in Karamoja. There was a failure throughout
the KIDP2 to decisively deal with continued dry season migration into Karamoja by armed pastoral
groups from Kenya and South Sudan with illegal firearms.
It is planned in the KIDP3 that OPM and MfKA, in collaboration with the UPDF and Uganda Police,
will undertake annual surveys in the communities to examine the changing dynamics of the factors
continuing to drive the proliferation and trafficking of illicit SALWs in the districts of Karamoja. The
UPDF in collaboration with the NFP on SALWs, will take stock and mark all firearms in possession
of organised security agencies in Karamoja. The government ballistics laboratory will be used to
profile firearms used in crime and to track criminals. Regional and international cross-border
meetings will be held to monitor and evaluate progress made on collection of firearms through
disarmament and other security operations in Karamoja. The UPDF in collaboration with JLOS
actors will ensure speedy trials of suspects arrested in crimes associated with possession of illicit
firearms used in violent livestock thefts and raiding in Karamoja and neighbouring districts.
During KIDP2, OPM/MfKA implemented livestock branding for easy identification, complemented
by the introduction of boluses inserted into the abdomen of cattle for tracking. Neither worked
20
well. The branding and implementation of boluses was done in isolation from local leaders,
leading to its failure, with the traditional institutions using the loophole of being excluded to
campaign against it. The elders told veterinary officials who were implementing the bolus to tell
OPM/MfKA officials to first swallow the bolus themselves, and if they don’t die, then they would
accept their animals to be implanted with the boluses. When boluses were introduced, they were
marketed as a ‘magic bullet’ to the problem of raids. Once boluses were inserted, the owners of
herds relaxed their security arrangements thinking that they were not raid-able. Warriors however
realised that if cattle with boluses were fed on concoctions made out of hibiscus, the boluses
would be excreted. The fact that cattle implanted with boluses were raided and never recovered
discouraged those who had not yet surrendered their herds for insertion of boluses to reject the
idea. Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to introduce GPS and related satellite tracking
technologies linked to chips implanted into cattle as the method for tracking cattle in case they
are stolen or raided. Regular reviews of use of firearms by organised security forces and their
auxiliaries such as the ASTUs and LDUs will also be carried out by the UPDF and Uganda Police.
The UPDF in collaboration with OPM and MfKA will support the formulation and enactment of
community bye-laws and District Ordinances on the control of SALWs in districts in Karamoja.
Output 1.4: Cooperation and collaboration and coordination of disarmament among

neighbouring countries strengthened
Bilateral relations between Uganda and neighbouring countries in the Karamoja cluster
significantly improved during the KIDP2, leading to increased cooperation on matters of peace
and security, including exchanging military liaisons especially with Kenya. Some progress was
also achieved with South Sudan. However, the long and largely unmanned border separating
Karamoja from Kenya and South Sudan, in extremely hostile physical terrain, makes it extremely
difficult to stop the infiltration of Karamoja by armed elements trafficking in illicit firearms. Under
the KIDP3, special attention will be placed on strengthening further the bi-lateral military liaison
with Kenya and South Sudan for cross-border security, curtailing trafficking in illicit firearms, and
disarmament operations. In collaboration with governments in Kenya and South Sudan, the UPDF
will undertake simultaneous and coordinated disarmament of armed pastoralist groups along the
international borders. The UPDF in collaboration with OPM and MfKA will facilitate regular
interactions between cross-border Peace Committees and communities to ease sharing of trans-
boundary resources and reduce tensions in bordering areas. The UPDF will undertake strategic
deployment of troops along the international borders for curtailing migration of armed pastoral
groups into Karamoja as well as the trafficking in illicit firearms.
Output 1.5: National Focal Point on SALWs supported to control ownership, trafficking,
proliferation and use of illicit SALWs
The National Focal Point (NFP) on SALWs will hold regular meetings with District, Sub-county
and Parish levels to sensitise political leaders, cultural elders and local communities on the
policies and laws on the ownership and use of firearms. The NFP/SALWs in collaboration with
OPM and MfKA will support Sub-county and District Councils to formulate and pass bye-laws on
acquisition, possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs. The NFP/SALWs will hold public
seminars in education institutions in Karamoja on the dangers of acquisition, possession,
21
trafficking and use of illicit SALWs, in addition to holding radio talk shows on FM stations in
Karamoja on the policies and laws on the ownership and use of firearms. Youth Ambassadors of
Peace will be identified, trained and supported in all education institutions for mobilisation of
students’ clubs in the campaign against possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs. Inter-
community sports and games will be facilitated to provide a platform for sensitising in-school and
out-of-school youth on the control of illicit SALWs in their communities.
Output 1.6: Operations of the Conflict Early Warning and Response Unit (CEWERU)
strengthened
Local Peace Committees were very useful in responding not only to general crime, but also for
preventing raids, and where animals were stolen, in tracking, recovering and returning stolen
livestock to their owners. They worked closely with LDUs and UPDF, contributing to conflict
prevention, management and resolution. The increased community interaction with the security
agencies, built trust and confidence in the UPDF and LDUs among local communities. These
Local Peace Committees were not formed throughout Karamoja however. For example, there
were no Peace Committee formed in Abim district. Limited public funding is available for capacity
strengthening of Local Peace Committees in Karamoja. Funding that is provided by civil society
organisations is usually pegged to specific project interventions, which is not sustainable.
The Conflict Early Warning and Response Unit (CEWERU) in the MoIAs will, in collaboration with
OPM and MfKA, take the lead in the re-structuring, training, equipping and supporting the
functioning of Peace Committees at district and sub-county levels in Karamoja. They will also
support the establishment and operationalization of cross-border Peace Committees for handling
cross-border conflicts in Karamoja. CEWERU will identify, train and facilitate a network of
community-based conflict monitors for collecting, documenting and reporting on conflicts for early
warning and response. Using information from conflict monitors, CEWERU, in collaboration with
UPDF, OPM and MfKA will undertake a GIS-referenced annual mapping of conflict hotspots in
Karamoja for studying the changing conflict dynamics. CEWERU will take lead responsibility in
the development and dissemination of Information Education and Communication materials on
the dangers of the possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs. Sufficient contingency funds
will be provided for undertaking early/rapid strategic responses to armed conflicts in Karamoja
using CEWERU structures.
The interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 1 on ‘Capacity of

security agencies strengthened to consolidate peace, security and governance in
Karamoja’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: CAPACITY OF SECURITY AGENCIES STRENGTHENED TO CONSOLIDATE PEACE,

SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE IN KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Consolidate 1.1.1 Ensure an appropriate policy, legal and regulatory framework for
gains made in undertaking disarmament and peace building in Karamoja is in place
22
disarmament and continue 1.1.2 Strengthen collaboration and coordination among the security agencies
disarmament operations to to increase success of disarmament interventions in Karamoja
remove illegal SALWs 1.1.3 Conduct regular security operations to apprehend and prosecute
from Karamoja armed warriors, as well as recover and return raided livestock to their
owners
1.1.4 Undertake strategic deployment of UPDF and auxiliary forces to stop
internal and external cattle thefts and raids and stem inflow of weapons
into Karamoja
1.1.5 Carry out regular security and public meetings and dialogues to review
disarmament in Karamoja, neighbouring districts as well as cross-
border areas
1.1.6 Equip UPDF units and auxiliary forces with transport and
communication equipment to facilitate security operations in remote
and hard to reach areas
1.1.7 Undertake a no-holds-barred ‘Name-and-Shame’ Campaign to reveal
all perpetrators of armed conflicts in Karamoja who profiteer from
continuing livestock thefts, raids and other drivers of armed conflicts
1.1.8 Introduce the use of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
for tracking, apprehending and stopping livestock raiding as well as
trafficking in illicit SALWs in Karamoja.
1.1.9 Enforce mobile telephone tracking mechanisms to identify perpetrators
of livestock raids who coordinate raiding activities using mobile
telephones
Output 1.2: Collaboration 1.2.1 Re-establish and support functioning of Civil-Military Co-operation
between the Security Centres (CIMICs) at District and Sub-county levels in Karamoja
Forces, political leaders, 1.2.2 Facilitate District, Sub-county and Parish level Dialogues Platforms for
cultural elders and local regular reviews of disarmament activities and address allegations of
communities strengthened corruption in conflict management for increased accountability to
citizens and to restore trust
1.2.3 Support District and Sub-county Peace Committees and Elders
Councils to continuously participate in peace building and conflict
resolution activities, including recovery and return of stolen/raided
livestock
1.2.4 Working in collaboration with local political leaders and cultural elders,
establish and enforce formal mechanisms and lawful informal protocols
for ensuring quick recovery and return of stolen/raided livestock
1.2.5 Mobilise and organise disarmed warriors into support groups for
reaching out to disgruntled former warriors with opportunities for
alternative livelihoods such as business start-ups
1.2.6 Institutionalise mechanisms for addressing psychosocial impacts of
armed conflicts in Karamoja (such as livestock raiding and
disarmament), including traumas, harms and raptures
1.2.7 Support security agencies to bring on board political leaders, cultural
elders and peace actors in inter-community peace meetings and
dialogues
1.2.8 Identify, recruit, train and deploy Karamojong women into security
forces and intelligences services
23
1.2.9 Hold regular community mobilisation and sensitisation of former
warriors and youth for mind-set change on the possession, trafficking
and use of illegal firearms
Output 1.3: Proliferation 1.3.1 Undertake annual surveys to examine factors driving the proliferation
and trafficking of illicit and trafficking of illicit SALWs in the districts of Karamoja
SALWs in the Karamoja 1.3.2 In collaboration with the NFP on SALWs, take stock and mark all
sub-region curtailed firearms in possession of organised security agencies in Karamoja
1.3.3 Use government ballistics laboratory to profile firearms used in crime
and track criminals
1.3.4 Hold regional and international cross-border meetings to monitor and
evaluate progress made on the collection of firearms through
disarmament and other security operations in Karamoja
1.3.5 Ensure speedy trials of suspects arrested in crimes associated with
possession of illicit firearms used in violent livestock thefts and raiding
in Karamoja and neighbouring districts
1.3.6 Introduce the use of GPS and related satellite technologies linked to
chips implanted into cattle for tracking cattle in case they are stolen or
raided
1.3.7 Undertake regular reviews of use of firearms by organised security
forces and their auxiliaries such as the ASTUs and LDUs
1.3.8 Support the formulation and enactment of community bye-laws and
District Ordinances on the control of SALWs in districts in Karamoja
Output 1.4: Cooperation 1.4.1 Strengthen further bi-lateral military liaison with Kenya and South
and collaboration on, and Sudan for cross-border security and disarmament operations
coordination of 1.4.2 In collaboration with governments in Kenya and South Sudan,
disarmament among undertake simultaneous and coordinated disarmament of armed
neighbouring countries pastoral groups along the international borders
strengthened 1.4.3 Facilitate regular interactions between cross-border Peace Committees
and communities to ease sharing of trans-boundary resources and
reduce tensions in bordering areas
1.4.4 Undertake strategic deployment of troops along the international
borders for curtailing migration of armed pastoral groups into Karamoja
to curtail trafficking in illicit firearms
Output 1.5: National 1.5.1 Hold regular meetings with District, Sub-county and Parish level to
Focal Point (NFP) on sensitise political leaders, cultural elders and local communities on the
Small Arms and Light policies and laws on the ownership and use of firearms
Weapons (SALWs) 1.5.2 Support Sub-county and District Councils to formulate and pass bye-
supported to control laws on acquisition, possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs
ownership, trafficking, 1.5.3 Hold public seminars in education institutions in Karamoja on the
proliferation and use of dangers of acquisition, possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs
illicit SALWs 1.5.4 Hold radio talk shows on FM stations in Karamoja on the policies and
laws on the ownership and use of firearms
1.5.5 Identify, train and support Youth Ambassadors of Peace in all
education institutions for mobilisation of students clubs in the campaign
against possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs
1.5.6 Facilitate inter-community sports and games to provide a platform for
sensitising in-school and out-of-school youth on the control of illicit
SALWs in their communities
24
Output 1.6: Operations of 1.6.1 Re-structure, train, equip and support functioning of Peace Committees
the Conflict Early Warning at district and sub-county levels in Karamoja
and Response Unit 1.6.2 Establish and support functioning of cross-border Peace Committees
(CEWERU) strengthened for handling cross-border conflicts in Karamoja
1.6.3 Identify, train and facilitate a network of community-based conflict
monitors for collecting, documenting and reporting on conflicts for early
warning and response
1.6.4 Using information from Conflict Monitors, undertake a GIS-referenced
annual mapping of conflict hotspots in Karamoja for studying the
changing conflict dynamics
1.6.5 Develop and disseminate IEC materials on the dangers of the
possession, trafficking and use of illicit SALWs
1.6.6 Provide contingency funds for undertaking early/rapid strategic
responses to armed conflicts in Karamoja using CEWERU structures
OUTCOME 2: CAPACITY OF JUSTICE, LAW AND ORDER ACTORS STRENGTHENED

FOR EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF ORDER AND RULE OF LAW
Many achievements were registered under the Justice, Law and Order Sector during the
implementation of the KIDP2. In terms of infrastructure, a total of 61 police stations and police
posts were constructed in different parts of Karamoja. 34 police stations were constructed in the
following districts: 7 in Moroto; 2 in Napak; 3 in Nabilatuk; 4 in Nakapiripirit; 3 in Amudat; 6 in
Kotido; 1 in Kaabong; and 8 in Abim. 27 police posts were constructed as follows: 3 in Moroto; 10
in Napak; 3 in Nakapiripirit; 3 in Amudat; 3 in Kaabong, and 5 in Abim. Each police post was
equipped with permanent structures, comprising 2 blocks of accommodation each with 5 units.
Police presence in Karamoja also increased from 534 officers in 2015 (police: population ratio of
1:71,591) to 1,163 officers in 2020 (implying police: population of 1: 39,330). Police capacity to
respond to crime also improved significantly due to means of transport being provided. Each
district received a motor vehicle installed with VHF radio communication which was allocated to
the District Police Commanders (DPCs) for operational work. Motor vehicles were also provided
to Regional Police Commanders (RPCs) and Regional Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Officers, as well as ASTUs. Motorcycles were also procured for operational work as well Child
and Family Protection Units (CFPUs).
While significant progress had been achieved during the KIDP2 in improving law enforcement in
Karamoja by addressing the lack of infrastructure, requisite equipment, and adequate personnel
in the police, there were still a number of challenges in different areas. Karamoja may have
registered a 118% increase in police deployment, but the numbers of police officers on the ground
were still low compared to national averages of 1:892 in 2020: the standard UN ratio is 1 police
officer per population of 500. It was estimated at the end of 2020 by the Uganda Police Research
Department, that Karamoja would require at the minimum, an additional deployment of not less
than 1,000 more police officers for the impact of the police to become visible. Factors such as an
inability to retain trained and deployed officers, inadequate equipping and facilitation of officers
on the ground, poor motivation of those who posted to Karamoja, and misleading perceptions
25
about Karamoja being a difficult place to work, continue to be a challenge for law enforcement in
Karamoja. By 2020, the police required new motor vehicles for operational work due to the rough
terrain in Karamoja, and more police stations and police posts need to be constructed in the newly
created districts.
While security and safety, as well as law and order enforcement, had significantly improved
especially in district towns, the incidence of crime and criminality was still very high in Karamoja
compared to other parts of the country. The 2019 Police Annual Crime Report showed that Kidepo
police region (comprising Abim, Karenga, Kotido and Kaabong districts) reported 22 cases of
death by shooting, which was the highest in the whole country. Mt. Moroto region (comprising
Amudat, Moroto, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit and Napak districts) was fourth with 16 cases (Republic
of Uganda 2020a, 36). The 2020 Police Annual Crime Report showed Kidepo police region still
had the highest number of reported cases of death by shooting in the whole country, with 42. Mt.
Moroto Police region was second with 30 reported cases. Kotido District had the highest, followed
by Moroto, Napak and Kaabong districts (Republic of Uganda 2021a, 46).
While there were increases in the reported cases of death by shooting in Karamoja between 2019
and 2020, these statistics cover only those cases which were recorded in the Police Crime Record
books: many further cases were never reported to police. In the last quarter of the KIDP2 period,
several prominent local leaders and peace actors lost their lives in what appeared to be
assassination plots. The chairperson of Kotido Peace Committee was gunned down in March
7
2021 by yet unknown assailants. This followed another similar assassination of the chairperson
of Panyangara Sub-County Peace Committee, who was also gunned down in Kotido district in
8
January 2019. The perpetrators of all these heinous acts had not yet been apprehended for
prosecution. Many previously active peace actors had been silenced, as cattle thefts and raids,
as well as killings, were getting out of control.
In order to strengthen the capacity of Justice, Law and Order actors to undertake efficient and
effective enforcement of order and the rule of law in Karamoja under KIDP3 Outcome 2, the
following areas of intervention will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 2.1: Police infrastructure enhanced for improved enforcement of law and order
Under the KIDP3, it is planned to construct and furnish 2 District Police Headquarters at Nabilatuk
and Karenga. It is also planned to construct two staff accommodation blocks at Nabilatuk and
Karenga District Police Headquarters, and each will have 5 units. In addition, up to 1,000 police
officers will be deployed in Karamoja region to boost the police manpower for law and order
enforcement. It is planned for an additional 16 police posts to be constructed and equipped in
different districts of Karamoja, complete with accommodation and other facilities.
7
. See George Asiimwe, ‘Kotido Peace Leader shot dead by unknown assailants’, ChimpReports, March 17, 2021.
Available at: https://chimpreports.com/kotido-peace-leader-shot-dead-by-unknown-assailants/
8
. See Edward Eninu, ‘Gunmen Kill Peace Committee Member in Kotido’, Uganda Radio Network (URN), January 9,
2019. Available at: https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/gunmen-kill-peace-committee-member-in-panyangara
26
Output 2.2: Adequate transport and communication infrastructure and equipment provided
to the police in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, it is planned to procure at least 14 motor vehicles for Regional Police
Commanders, District Police Commanders and ASTUs in Karamoja for operational work. It is also
planned to procure 42 motorcycles for operational work and for the Police Child and Family
Protection Units. Two police station that will be constructed during the KIDP3 will also be equipped
with communication equipment. It is also planned to procure VHF radio communications to be
installed in 23 motor vehicles. In addition, walkie-talkies will be procured and distributed to police
officers in Karamoja.
Output 2.3: Community policing outreaches conducted in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, monthly community policing outreaches will be conducted in each district in
Karamoja. It is planned to train up to 500 police officers in community policing methodologies.
Crime prevention clubs will be established and supported in at least 9 schools in Karamoja.
Monthly community policing radio talk shows will also be conducted on FM radios stations in
Karamoja to promote community policing. The Radio programmes will target non-school going or
out of school youth to bring then on boar community policing.
Output 2.4: Capacity of CID staff in Karamoja enhanced
Under the KIDP3, additional Scene of Crime Officer (SOCO) kits will be provided to at least 9
police stations in districts of Karamoja to improve the quality of crime investigations. At least an
additional 120 CID Staff will also be deployed in the districts of Karamoja. A CID induction course
will be conducted for the new investigation officers deployed to Karamoja. And a Regional
Forensic Analytical Laboratory will be established at Moroto to improve police investigations in
Karamoja.
Output 2.5: Open border immigration posts constructed in underserved common border
areas in Karamoja
During the KIDP2, the UPDF deployed a company size force to dominate all the hard to reach
areas, especially along the international borders. However, there were still many unmanned entry
points along the international borders in Amudat, Moroto and Kaabong districts. For example, of
the 16 possible entry points in Amudat district, only one has been gazetted at Alakas, where a
One-Stop Open Border Post (OSOBP) was constructed. Moroto district has one officially
recognised border crossing point, at Lokiriama, which needs to be gazetted and upgraded to an
OSOBP. Several unofficial border crossing points exist in all the border districts of Karamoja,
which provides opportunities for unscrupulous businesspeople to conducted unregulated trade
and other activities, and which are sometimes exploited by law enforcement agencies to extort
bribes from pastoralists and other users claiming their unlawful entry (Republic of Uganda and
UNDP 2018, 16). The only established OSOBP at Alakas in Amudat district is understaffed, and
lacks basic facilities to undertake effective border policing such as internet connectivity, a
27
consistent electricity supply, proper living quarters for police/ customs/immigration officers,
vehicles and proper search and storage facilities (Republic of Uganda and UNDP 2018, 17).
It is proposed under the KIDP3, to support the construction of OSOBPs in border districts of
Moroto and Kaabong. Massive community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on the
relevance of open border posts will be undertaken in the border communities of Karamoja.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and a training curriculum on border management (for
external security surveillance and community policing) in line with the local context, will be
developed for training immigration staff who will be deployed at these OSOBPs. Priority will be
given to recruitment from among the local population of Karamoja.
Output 2.6: Interventions undertaken to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the
Judiciary in undertaking justice administration in Karamoja
While Karamoja is a magisterial area, with a resident Chief Magistrate who is supposed to be
resident in Moroto and serve the entire Karamoja, by the end of the KIDP2, Karamoja was still
being served by a Chief Magistrate who was resident in Soroti and also serving Teso. There was
no resident High Court Judge. This leads to delayed trial of cases, leading to backlog. Judicial
officers posted to Karamoja are not well facilitated and lack transport. The presence and impact
of the judiciary at the grassroots levels in Karamoja is still very minimal, and in most of the cases
of limited consequence. Under the KIDP3, Magistrate Grade I courts will be constructed at district
headquarters in Napak, Karenga and Nabilatuk districts where there currently is none, and
existing Magistrate Grade I court facilities in Abim and Kaabong will be rehabilitated to bring them
to standard. Residential premises for judicial officers will also be constructed in Abim, Kotido,
Napak, Kaabong, Karenga and Nabilatuk districts. Transport vehicles will be provided to judicial
officers and staff in Abim, Kotido, Napak, Kaabong, Karenga and Nabilatuk districts. Interventions
to promote community engagement with the judiciary in Karamoja will be supported. Special
courts will be established to expedite the handling of crimes related to livestock thefts and raiding
in Karamoja. And, Juvenile Justice Courts will be established and operationalized for handling
cases involving minor offenders in Karamoja.
Output 2.7: Interventions undertaken to expand facilities and improve efficiency and
effectiveness of Prison Services in Karamoja
Although prison staff numbers in Karamoja had increased from 247 in 2015 to 372 in 2020 (a 51%
increase), the ratio of staff to prisoners in Karamoja was worsening due to a fast-rising number of
prisoners. Karamoja registered a 158% increase in the numbers of prisoners, from 1,139
prisoners in 2015 to 1,801 in 2020, compared to the national average which increased by 35%
from 45,092 prisoners in 2015 to 60,877 in 2020. The increase in the number of prison staff, as
well as staff accommodation, was not commensurate with the fast-rising numbers of prisoners.
The numbers of prisoners per staff in Karamoja increased from 1:5 in 2015 to 1:8 in 2020. By the
end of the KIDP2, there were still several challenges facing the Prisons Services, especially
inadequate detention and reform, and correctional facilities. The entire Karamoja had no juvenile
remand home, and a facility was under construction in Moroto. This meant that children in trouble
with the law were either spending a lot of time in police custody or were mixed with adult offenders.
28
Facilities were equally a challenge for staff. At Kaabong prison staff sleep in a converted kitchen.
Elsewhere some prison staff sleep in semi-permanent houses. There have been reports of
desertion of duty stations by prison officers.
The September 16, 2020 Moroto Prison daylight jail break perhaps highlights the continuing
challenges facing Prison Services in Karamoja. The escapees are said to have taken advantage
of the ‘low morale’ by the prison warders following the outbreak of cholera and Covid-19 in the
prison, without immediate interventions to address the situation. On that day, 219 prisoners (most
of them on remand) escaped with about 14 firearms, 15 magazines and 480 rounds of
9
ammunition. This jail break has been identified as one of the triggers that led to the escalation of
violent livestock raiding, especially in Napak district and surrounding areas.
Under the KIDP3, construction work will be undertaken to expand the Moroto Prison facility. A
Prisons Reception Centre will be constructed at Nakapiripirit. Prisoners’ wards and staff houses
will be constructed at Amudat prison. Rehabilitation works will be undertaken and equipment
provided at Namalu, Nakapiripirit and Amita prisons. Juvenile Justice Detention Centres will be
constructed, equipped and operationalized in the districts of Karamoja. A Juvenile Rehabilitation
Centre will be constructed, equipped and operationalized in Karamoja. And community leaders
will be trained on management and supervision of community services orders.
Output 2.8: Increased agricultural production by prisons in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, the operationalization of a small-scale irrigation scheme at Amita will be
established and supported to reduce dependence on rain fed agriculture. Maize grain dryers will
be procured for Amita and Namalu prisons. One 240HP tractor and its accessories will be
procured for Namalu prison. A 20MT tractor trailer will be procured for Namalu prison. And a giant
grain store will be constructed at Namalu prison.
The interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 1 on ‘Capacity of

Justice, Law and Order actors strengthened for efficient and effective enforcement of order
and rule of law’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 2: CAPACITY OF JUSTICE, LAW AND ORDER ACTORS STRENGTHENED FOR EFFICIENT
AND EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF ORDER AND RULE OF LAW
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Police 2.1.1 Construct and furnish 2 District Police Headquarters at Nabilatuk and
infrastructure enhanced for Karenga
improved enforcement of 2.1.2 Construct 2 staff accommodation blocks (@ with 5 units) at Nabilatuk
law and order and Karenga District Police Headquarters
2.1.3 Deploy an additional 1,000 Police Officers in Karamoja region
9
. See for example: (a) Misairi Thembo Kahungu, ‘Moroto Prison break: Only 20 escapes were convicts’, Daily Monitor,
September 25, 2020. Available at: https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/moroto-prison-break-only-20-
escapes-were-convicts-2371800; (b) ‘How Moroto Prison break was executed’, Observer online, September 22, 2020.
Available at: https://observer.ug/news/headlines/66666-how-moroto-prison-break-was-executed
29
2.1.4 Establish 16 Police Posts in different districts of Karamoja, complete
with accommodation facilities
Output 2.2: Adequate 2.2.1 Procure 14 motor vehicles for Regional Police Commanders; District
transport and Police Commanders and ASTUs in Karamoja for operational work
communication 2.2.2 Procure 42 motorcycles for operational work and Child & Family
infrastructure and Protection Units
equipment provided to 2.2.3 Equip 2 Police Stations with communication equipment
Police in Karamoja 2.2.4 Procure and install VHF radio communication in 23 motor vehicles
2.2.5 Procure walkie-talkies for Police Officers
Output 2.3: Community 2.3.1 Conduct monthly Community Policing outreaches in each district in
policing outreaches Karamoja
conducted in Karamoja 2.3.2 Train 500 Police Officers in Community Policing methodologies
2.3.3 Establish and support crime prevention clubs in at least 9 schools in
Karamoja
2.3.4 Conduct monthly Community Policing Radio Talk Shows on FM Radio
Stations in Karamoja
Output 2.4: Capacity of 2.4.1 Provide additional SOCO kits to 9 Police Stations in the districts of
CID staff in Karamoja Karamoja
enhanced 2.4.2 Deploy an additional 120 CID Staff in the districts of Karamoja
2.4.3 Conduct a CID induction course for the new investigation officers
deployed to Karamoja
2.4.4 Establish a Regional Forensic Analytical Laboratory at Moroto to
improve police investigations
Output 2.5: Open border 2.5.1 Support the construction of One-Stop Open Border Posts (OSOBPs)
immigration posts in border districts of Moroto and Kaabong
constructed in underserved 2.5.2 Undertake massive community mobilisation, sensitisation and
common border areas in education in the border communities on relevance of open border
Karamoja posts
2.5.3 Develop SOPs and a training curriculum on border management (for
External Security Surveillance and Community Policing) in line with
the local context
Output 2.6: Interventions 2.6.1 Construct Magistrate Grade I Courts in Napak, Karenga and Nabilatuk
undertaken to improve the districts
efficiency and effectiveness 2.6.2 Rehabilitate existing Grade I Magistrates Courts in Abim and Kaabong
of the Judiciary in districts
undertaking justice 2.6.3 Construct residential premises for Judicial Officers in Abim, Kotido,
administration in Karamoja Napak, Kaabong, Karenga and Nabilatuk districts
2.6.4 Provide transport to Judicial Officers and staff in Abim, Kotido, Napak,
Kaabong, Karenga and Nabilatuk districts
2.6.5 Support interventions to promote community engagements with the
Judiciary in Karamoja
2.6.6 Establish special courts to expedite handling of crimes related to
livestock thefts and raiding in Karamoja
2.6.7 Establish and operationalize Juvenile Justice Courts for minor
offenders in Karamoja
Output 2.7: Interventions 2.7.1 Undertake construction to expand Moroto Prison Facility
undertaken to expand 2.7.2 Construct a Prisons’ Reception Centre at Nakapiripirit
30
facilities and improve 2.7.3 Construct Prisoners’ Wards and staff houses at Amudat prison
efficiency and effectiveness 2.7.4 Undertake rehabilitation and provide equipment at Namalu,
of Prisons services in Nakapiripirit and Amita Prisons
Karamoja 2.7.5 Construct, equip and operationalize Juvenile Justice Detention
Centres in Karamoja
2.7.6 Construct, equip and operationalize a juvenile Rehabilitation Centre in
Karamoja
2.7.7 Train community leaders on management and supervision of
community services orders
Output 2.8: Increased 2.8.1 Establish and support operationalization of small-scale irrigation at
agricultural production by Amita to reduce dependence on rain fed agriculture
Prisons in Karamoja 2.8.2 Procure maize grain dryers for installation at Amita and Namalu
supported Prisons
2.8.3 Procure one 240HP tractor and its accessories for Namalu Prison
2.8.4 Procure a 20MT Tractor Trailer for Namalu Prison
2.8.5 Construct a giant grain store at Namalu Prison
31
2.2 PROGRAMME TWO: STRENGTHENING KARAMOJONG PASTORAL AND
AGRO-PASTORAL LIVELIHOODS
For sustainable improvements in human development conditions in general, and livelihoods in

particular, it is widely acknowledged that the growth of an economy is a necessary pre-condition,
at least in the short-run. In Karamoja, where significant progress has been registered in the growth
of the physical and economic infrastructure, the incidence of absolute poverty has remained
significantly high, which needs to change. Whilst initially there was progress in the reduction of
the proportion of the population in Karamoja living in poverty—from 74.5% in 2010/11 to 60% in
2016/17 (UBOS 2017, 101)—recent statistics show that poverty incidence in Karamoja increased
to 65.7% in 2019/20 UNHS (UBOS 2021, 69). Current government policy in Karamoja aims to
achieve greater commercialisation of agricultural production, both crop and livestock, as a
strategy for achieving a further reduction in the proportion of the population in Karamoja living
below the poverty line. This policy is a recognition that human development conditions can only
be improved sustainably if there is growth in that part of the local economy that employs the
largest proportion of the population – that is, where the majority of the population derive their
source of livelihood. The challenges of transforming Karamoja are manifested by the fact that up
to 79% of the population in Karamoja were in the bottom 40% of the poorest persons in Uganda.
In the whole country, Karamoja was only exceeded by Acholi where 86% of the population were
in the bottom 40% (UBOS 2021, 71).
A long-term goal of transforming agriculture in Karamoja can best be achieved if its short-term
objectives targets enhancement of food and nutrition security for everyone in Karamoja, which is
a pre-condition for improving the livelihoods of the majority of the ordinary population in Karamoja.
This will be achieved by undertaking interventions that lead to increased production and
productivity of both livestock and crop-based enterprises, whether at household level or from
commercial large-scale enterprises. Securing household food and nutrition security by increasing
access to available livestock products, as well as food crops produced locally in Karamoja, is the
foundation for increasing disposable incomes available to the Karamojong (Muhereza 2018). The
latter can only be achieved by promoting systems of production that target, in the words of
President Museveni: “production for the stomach as well as for the pocket” (Republic of Uganda
2021b, 12). In his clarion call seeking the socio-economic transformation of the country in general,
and Karamoja in particular, President Yoweri Museveni has been at the forefront in making
appeals for “everybody to join the money economy and get out of ‘okukolera ekidda kyoonka
(Bagwere), tic me yic keken (Luo), akoru lu akoik bon (Ateso)…” i.e. working for the stomach
(Republic of Uganda 2021b, 9).
Whilst the perspective of government is to increase investments in agricultural production as a

way to increase productivity, in order for this to happen there has to be an incentive for those
involved in production to adopt new ways of crop farming that are climate smart, on one hand,
and livestock production strategies that are market responsive, on the other hand. Government
has invested in increasing availability farm inputs and extension services, as well as improved
control of pest and diseases, and improved marketing infrastructure. It is hoped that as agricultural
output increases, more households will adopt production for the market, which will increase not
32
only their incomes, but also their purchasing power. As purchasing power of more homesteads is
boosted, the money economy will expand, which will create a market for other products, whose
cumulative effect will be a reduction in poverty incidences.
The agricultural transformation, however, is not happening in the way it was expected to, or as
fast as had been anticipated, if at all (Muhereza 2018). According to the 2019/20 UNHS, the
proportion of households in the subsistence economy in Karamoja had instead increased from
66.1% in 2016/17 to 66.3% in 2019/20, implying that the numbers of households in Karamoja
trapped in, and still struggling with ‘producing only for the stomach’ was increasing, rather than
decreasing. While there were also increases in households in the subsistence economy in other
parts of Northern and Eastern Uganda—namely in Acholi from 50% to 78%; in Lango from 41.2%
to 59.4%—there were decreases in proportion of households in the subsistence sector in Teso
from 53.3% to 48.6%; Bukedi from 71.2% to 58.3%, and Elgon from 62.4% to 42.1% (UBOS 2021,
82). Karamoja stands out as an eyesore because of the level of investments undertaken by
government and development partners in transforming Karamoja without a corresponding
reduction in vulnerability to food insecurity, and the corresponding increase in the proportion of
population living in poverty.
Despite the heavy investment by government over the last 10 years in seeking to transform
Karamoja, the incidence of poverty has not been going down as fast as was expected, which
points to significant challenges ahead of the NDPIII, which aims to reduce the incidence of poverty
in Karamoja from 60.8% to 42.2% over a five-year period from 2021/21-2024/25 (Republic of
Uganda 2020b, 206). Programme 2 of the KIDP3 on ‘Strengthening Karamojong pastoral and
agro-pastoral livelihoods’ seeks to promote interventions to increase incomes of agro-pastoral
and pastoral households in Karamoja on the basis that their livelihoods will then be strengthened.
This KIDP3 programme is aligned to the overall goal of NDPIII which is ‘Increased Household
Incomes and Improved Quality of Life of Ugandans’ (Republic of Uganda 2020b).
Development interventions undertaken in the post-disarmament period aimed at social and

economic transformation of Karamoja under the KIDP1 and KIDP2 did not translate into
sustainable improvement of the welfare of majority of the ordinary Karamojong. While there is a
need to maintain the positive momentum that has been achieved, it is also essential to shift focus
from statistical averages of economic growth and to start paying attention to interventions that
can create prosperity for all the people of Karamoja. There are a number of interventions from the
KIDP2 that shall be maintained in the KIDP3, others will be intensified, and the focus shifted in
other areas to address some of the key challenges that were encountered, as elaborated below:
In order to ‘Strengthen Karamojong pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods’ under

Programme 2 of the KIDP3, the following three outcomes will be pursued, namely:
33
Outcome 1: Climate Smart Crop Production Strategies and Management Practices
Adopted for Strengthened Livelihoods of the Karamojong
Outcome 2: Karamojong Livestock Production and Productivity enhanced for
Strengthened Livelihoods
Outcome 3: Alternative Sources of Livelihoods Promoted for Strengthened
Resilience of Karamojong Households
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these three outcomes on the basis of which the
overall objectives of the KIDP3 will be realised are elaborated as follows:
OUTCOME 1: CLIMATE SMART CROP PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED FOR STRENGTHENED LIVELIHOODS
During the implementation of the KIDP2, the government supported crop farming in Karamoja by
subsidising land opening, supporting the provision of agricultural equipment and inputs such as
ox-ploughs, hoes, and high yielding, fast maturing and drought tolerant/resistant seed varieties.
Increased access to and use of improved agricultural inputs, especially seed and planting
materials, directly translated into increased production and productivity by participating
households. Training and extension support were also provided to community groups to improve
fruit and vegetable production at household level for nutrition improvement, ensuring greater
diversity of the local diets of most participating households. A number of households adopted the
new technologies which were provided during trainings on pre- and post-harvest handling, which
led to increased production and improved livelihoods for those that were able to implement the
technologies introduced.
Initiatives were also made to introduce and train farmers in operating small-scale crop irrigation
systems in various parts of Karamoja, including around large water reservoirs. As a consequence
of the various forms of support provided to the people of Karamoja, crop farming (in terms of the
amount of land under crops) as well as output and productivity levels had improved for many
households. In Nakapiripirit district, for example, in 2019/20 up to 6,574 households received
agricultural and farm inputs (light tractors, ox-ploughs, improved seeds, pesticides and fertilizers)
during KIDP2. The inputs received included: 100,000 Kgs of Maize; 3,800 bags of Narocas 1
Cassava Cuttings; 86,000 Kgs of Sorghum; and 40,000 Kgs of Cowpeas.
While the amount of land opened and planted with crops increased significantly according to
statistics provided by government and District Local Governments, these statistics did not show
a corresponding increase in yields per unit area across the board for all those who were involved
in crop farming. This suggests that the current drive to promote increased crop farming was facing
challenges. While inputs and different forms of support were received, and land under cultivation
increased, the numbers of Karamojong acutely food insecure did not reduce markedly. The
spread of benefits from increased agricultural output in Karamoja was uneven. Most benefit
streams occurred largely among those who were already better-off, had land in greenbelt areas,
and had sufficient incomes to support the high costs entailed in undertaking any form of crop
34
farming in Karamoja. Among the poor categories, improvement in food production has been
limited.
Karamoja’s erratic climatic conditions have become more adverse than in the past. All the crop
farming that took place in Karamoja during implementation of the KIDP2 was largely rain-fed,
which left it vulnerable not only the highly erratic rainfall patterns in Karamoja, but also to
prolonged and severe drought conditions associated with rising average annual temperatures.
Temperatures in Karamoja are generally high; although annually averaging between 15–18°C in
the highlands, they are between 28–33°C in the rest of the region. Temperatures are higher during
the dry season from November to early March (USAID 2017b; Egeru et al 2014b, 3). During the
period 1979-2009, the minimum temperature in Karamoja increased by 0.9°C, maximum
temperature by 1.6°C, and mean temperature by 1.3°C (Egeru et al 2014a, 454).
A recent study of weather patterns in Karamoja over a 35-year period between 1981 and 2015
found an increase in average monthly rainfall received outside the usual planting season, and
with significant variations in the amounts received—more rainfall was coming outside the usual
period, which is from end of March to the end of the year. The frequencies in periods of low or no
rainfall at all, as well as moments of heavy rainfall events, had also increased. The effect of an
emerging second season of heavy rainfall from September to November has the potential for
disruptive effects that can undermine agricultural production and aggravate food insecurity when
it is concentrated outside the usual crop growing season (Chaplin 2017, 8). It was reported that a
prolonged and severe drought period can wipe out 50-100% of crop yields for affected households
(Chaplin 2017, 22). Increased rainfall amounts also create severe erosion in high-altitude areas
and flash flooding in the plains. Many areas of western Karamoja are affected by flash floods, and
during the rainy season many of those with crop fields suffer heavy losses when crops are washed
10
away by heavy rains. Incidences of crop pests and diseases have remained high. Food
production is also affected by the insecurity associated with livestock raiding: in many parts of
Karamoja insecurity has constrained the ability of communities to undertake crop cultivation. In
Kaabong the LC5 chairman reported that many households failed to cultivate in 2020 because of
11
insecurity associated with violent livestock raiding.
To increase crop production in Karamoja, more inputs and a higher amount of capital for
investment in farming is required. This kind of investment is not neutral to scale. To make the
most of the land opened, farmers are required to open land early and plant immediately rains
start. Farmers have realised that planting the improved varieties of seeds and planting materials
which are high yielding, disease resistant, quick maturing and drought tolerant, requires more
capital investment in farming. To get maximum yields from such seeds, it is necessary to control
weeds, pests and diseases, and to have command over manual labour. These different inputs
require a lot of investments, which makes crop farming in Karamoja a convenient enterprise for
10
. See ‘LDUs arrested’, New Vision Tuesday February 23, 2021, pp. 30
11
. Ibid.
35
mostly those who already have a stable source of income elsewhere, but not those who seek to
use crop farming as a springboard out of poverty.
Most expansion of land area under cultivation during the KIDP2 was near urban areas, towns and
trading centres, where the support by government and NGOs for crop farming was most
conveniently accessible. Whatever increases in crop farming have been observed are the result
of this external support, including land opening, harrowing, planting as well as supply of inputs
such as seeds and planting materials. When such supplies diminish, interest in crop cultivation
also dwindles, implying that to maintain crop production a certain level of subsidies have to be
assured, and crop farming anywhere in Karamoja is an expensive choice for the ordinary
Karamojong compared with livestock production. To be able to undertake as much crop cultivation
as the government wishes for Karamoja takes a huge toll on the resources of the Karamojong
(see also Muhereza 2018).
It is not surprising that in 2017, three in every ten households in Karamoja region (34%) consumed
food from less than five out of the seven food groups (cereals/tubers, pulses/nuts, vegetables,
fruits, milk, meat/fish/eggs, and oil), implying a low dietary diversity (UBOS 2017, 22). In addition,
86% of the people in Karamoja in 2016/17 were unable to afford three meals per day for their
children (UBOS 2017, 95). 75% of the population in Karamoja was considered as being food
insecure in 2018, well below the national food insecurity average of 37% (UNDP 2018). This
suggests that the focus of interventions to support of crop production in Karamoja should, first
and foremost, aim to secure household food security using the most economically efficient
approaches. In order to support food production in Karamoja, several new approaches are
proposed in KIDP3 that aim to maximise the potentials of the different agro-ecological zones.
It is recognised by President Museveni, who in his 2021 State of the Nation address,
acknowledged the need to improve pre- and post-harvest handling of produce in order to get rid
of “the shameful aflatoxins ─ caused by people who mishandle food in harvesting. Why do you
mishandle people’s food? Wait for the maize to dry properly on the kikoonko (maize stalk); when
you harvest it, put it on a canvass (ntundubaare) or cemented drying ground, etc. The maize will
dry properly and simply and there will be no aflatoxins” (Republic of Uganda 2021b, 10).
Output 1.1: Increased access to inputs for climate smart farming at household level in
Karamoja supported
The KIDP3 will support the formation and functioning of farmer groups and associations. Through
these groups and associations, farmers will be provided with knowledge on climate smart
agronomic practices, extension services, farm inputs and opportunities for produce bulking and
marketing. The farmers’ groups and associations will be platforms for the utilisation of acquired
knowledge and farm inputs. The KIDP3 emphasises the need to establish efficient and responsive
distribution systems for farm inputs for climate smart farming. This will be achieved by partnering
36
with private sector actors who will be supported to stock basic inputs needed for crop farming for
sale to farmers at subsidised prices. The training of youth identified by local communities as
agricultural extension service providers, will also be supported to enhance climate smart farming.
And a tractor will be allocated to each sub-county to facilitate subsidised and timely land opening
to make climate smart farming possible. Farming inputs such as hoes, rakes, and spraying cans
will be distributed to farmers in districts in Karamoja.
Output 1.2: Adoption of improved climate smart crop varieties and technologies of
production at household level in Karamoja supported
In order to overcome the limitations imposed by the vagaries of nature and the physical
environment, farmers in Karamoja will be supported to adopt the growing of a diversity of certified
high yielding varieties, and provided with improved seeds and planting materials for crops of their
choice that are climate smart, i.e. drought resistant, pest tolerant and early maturing. These
climate smart and high yielding improved varieties of seeds and planting materials will be
procured and distributed to farmers at the household level in Karamoja. Private sector actors will
be supported to stock certified improved varieties of seeds and planting materials for sale to
farmers at subsidised prices. Crop diversification is being emphasised to promote nutritional
security and reduce dependence on only sorghum, which is grown and eaten as the staple food.
Support will also be provided to establish crop production demonstration sites for enhancing
capacity of farmers to grow diverse varieties of climate smart cereals and other crops, such as
legumes and root crops. Irrigation demonstration plots for dryland farming for farmers will also be
established. Smallholders farmers will be supported and encouraged to adopt small-scale
irrigation technologies at household level, supported by research on the alternatives available for
adoption by farmers.
In order to ensure maximum yields, public and private sector actors will be identified and
supported to provide regular agricultural extension services, including pest and disease diagnosis,
management and control, as well as climate smart farming techniques. The private sector actors
will be supported to train crop farmers in modern agronomic practices including the identification
and management of crop pests and diseases. Regular refresher trainings for agricultural
extension staff on good agronomic farming practices will be provided. Such support is likely to
increase food production and productivity. Smallholder farmers will be supported to undertake
cereal banking in village cereal banks as well as institutional produce warehouses. This will
ensure that farmers have food reserves to fall back on during lean seasons.
Output 1.3: Pre and post-harvest handling practices and pest and disease management in
Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, support will be provided to smallholder farmers to construct and equip silos for
large scale cereal banking and bulking to enable farmers get better prices for their produce. Pre
and post-harvest handling equipment will be provided to households in districts in Karamoja (e.g.
tarpaulins). Training of farmers in pre and post-harvest handling technologies will be supported.
37
District Local Governments will also be equipped with mechanised spraying equipment for dealing
with outbreaks of crop pests, such as fall army worms and locusts, that have in the past adversely
affected crop harvests in Karamoja. Exchange visits to learn from best performing districts on
post-harvest handling, produce warehouse management and other agronomic practices, will also
be supported.
Output 1.4: Adoption of large-scale commercial crop farming in the green belt areas (where
feasible) in Karamoja supported
Large-scale commercial farming is possible in some parts of Karamoja, especially the green belt
areas in the western-belt of Karamoja, including in areas such as Namalu, Iriiri, Abim, Karenga,
and western parts of Kotido that receive above average rainfall that is evenly distributed, and
where soils are relatively fertile and well-drained. In such areas, large scale commercial model
farmers should be identified and supported to produce in bulk for increasing food produced in
Karamoja for use in feeding in Karamoja. Lessons learnt from the KIDP2 show that concentrating
government efforts in areas where there is more opportunity for crops to succeed is far more
beneficial than trying to ensure every household grows its own crops. In the drier areas,
government could concentrate on supporting large-scale commercial livestock farming. This
means that a system needs to be put in place to identify food deficient areas, so that food
purchased from other parts of Karamoja or the country is available for relief distribution to the
most vulnerable who cannot afford food; and is subsidised for retail to those in urban areas and
rural growth centres.
An important lesson learnt from the implementation of the KIDP2 was a need for clarity with
regards government approaches to increasing production in Karamoja. It was evident from the
KIDP2 that government needs to adopt a ‘Karamoja-feeds-Karamoja’ Programme, whereby
subsidies are extended to model farmers in green belt areas to support increased food production
for off-setting food deficits in drier parts of Karamoja. It was also evident that the government
needs to partner with large grain buyers, like the World Food Programme (WFP) to procure grain
from commercial farmers in Karamoja for supplying the School Meals Programme in the region.
This initiative will provide a ready market for local farmers, and will be an incentive for the private
sector to invest in increasing food production in Karamoja. If farmers are adequately incentivized,
production and productivity in Karamoja will increase rapidly.
Under the KIDP3, farmers will be organised into groups to enable access to land that is controlled
by clans. These farmers will be supported to adopt commercialised farming. Support will be
extended to enhance access to farm machinery for mechanisation of farming. Subsidised soil
testing services will also be provided in support of large-scale commercial farmers in the greenbelt
areas of Karamoja. Government will undertake investment in large scale irrigation schemes in
Karamoja (e.g. around Lopei river) for supporting the establishment of large-scale commercial
enterprises. Government will support large scale commercial farmers to access low interest long-
term development financing for acquisition of establishment of farm infrastructure, acquisition of
farm equipment and machinery. Lastly, two large scale agricultural warehouses will be
38
constructed in North and South Karamoja for produce ware-housing. This is because storage has
been one deterrent to large-scale production, forcing farmers to produce manageable quantities.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Climate

smart crop production strategies and management practices adopted for
Strengthened Livelihoods’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: CLIMATE SMART CROP PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES ADOPTED FOR STRENGTHENED LIVELIHOODS
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Increased 1.1.1 Support the formation and functioning of farmer groups and
access to inputs for climate associations for accessing extension services from public and private
smart farming at household sector actors and farms inputs
level in Karamoja supported 1.1.2 Support training of the Youth identified by local communities as
agricultural extension service providers for climate smart farming
1.1.3 Distribute primary farm inputs (e.g. hoes, rakes, watering cans) to
farmers to facilitate involvement in crop farming in Karamoja
1.1.4 Support private sectors actors to stock secondary farm inputs (e.g.
spray pumps) for sale to farmers at subsidised prices
1.1.5 Allocate a tractor to each sub-county to facilitate timely subsidised
land opening for climate smart farming
Output 1.2: Adoption of 1.2.1 Establish crop production demo sites for enhancing the capacity of
improved climate smart crop farmers to grow a diversity of climate smart cereals and other crops
varieties and technologies of 1.2.2 Support introduction, adoption and use of certified improved crop
production at household
seeds varieties and planting materials that are climate smart
level in Karamoja supported
1.2.3 Support private sectors actors to stock certified improved varieties of
climate smart seeds and planting materials for sale to farmers at
subsidised prices
1.2.4 Strengthen capacity of public and private sector actors to provide
regular agricultural extension services, including crop pests and
disease control and management, and climate smart farming
1.2.5 Strengthen capacity of private sector actors to train crop farmers in
modern agronomic practices including identification and
management of crop pests and diseases
1.2.6 Conduct regular refresher trainings for agricultural extension staff on
good agronomic farming practices and climate smart farming
1.2.7 Support smallholder farmers to undertake cereal banking in village
cereal banks and institutional produce warehouses
1.2.8 Support the establishment of irrigation demonstration plots and
climate smart dryland farming for teaching smallholder farmers in
Karamoja
1.2.9 Support adoption of small-scale irrigation and climate smart farming
at household level in the districts of Karamoja
Output 1.3: Pre and post- 1.3.1 Construct and equip silos for large scale cereal banking and bulking
harvest handling practices to support smallholder farmers to get better prices for their produce
and pest and disease 1.3.2 Provide pre and post-harvest handling equipment to households in
districts in Karamoja (e.g. tarpaulins)
39
management in Karamoja 1.3.3 Support training of farmers in pre and post-harvest handling
supported technologies
1.3.4 Support exchange visits to learn from best performing districts on
post-harvest handling and produce warehouse management, and
other agronomic practices
1.3.5 Equip district local government to address outbreaks of crop pests
such as the fall army worms and locusts that have in the past
adversely affected crop harvests in Karamoja
Output 1.4: Adoption of 1.4.1 Organise farmers into groups and encourage commercialisation and
large-scale climate smart access to farm mechanisation tools for climate smart farming
commercial crop farming 1.4.2 Provide subsidised soil testing services in support of large scale
(where feasible) in Karamoja climate smart commercial farmers in the greenbelt areas of
supported Karamoja
1.4.3 Invest in large-scale climate smart irrigation schemes in Karamoja
(e.g. around Lopei river) for supporting the establishment of large
scale commercial enterprises
1.4.4 Support large scale commercial farmers to access low interest long-
term development financing for acquisition and establishment of farm
infrastructure, and acquisition of farm equipment and machinery
1.4.5 Construct two large scale agricultural warehouses in North and South
Karamoja for produce ware-housing
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJONG LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY

ENHANCED FOR STRENGTHENED LIVELIHOODS
Despite significant recent investment in expansion of the land area under crops, and
commercialisation of crop farming in Karamoja, neither yields per unit area nor food security
increased to the anticipated levels, and nor did incidences of poverty reduce as much as had
been expected: the proportion of the population living in poverty in Karamoja had instead
increased. In other parts of the country where phenomenal successes were registered in poverty
reduction, the progress achieved was attributed to the growth in agricultural income among poor
households, mainly in Central and Western Uganda, but not in Northern and Eastern Uganda,
including Karamoja where poverty has increased (World Bank, 2016: 3-5).
The government strategy of increasing household incomes by encouraging and supporting

adoption of settled crop cultivation among the Karamojong does not seem to have succeeded in
reducing poverty in the same way as it has in other parts of the country. Increasing investment in
agriculture (as a business) to increase household incomes and contribute to economic growth
and the national GDP, which eventually is expected to reduce poverty, does not achieve the same
effect in Karamoja as it does in central and western Uganda. This is because crop farming in
Karamoja is more problematic than it is elsewhere. In Karamoja in theory you can grow anything,
anywhere, and at any time. But this comes at great cost, because in order to succeed, significant
resources have to be invested throughout the production cycle. When crop farming, including that
which is input intensive, is predominantly rain-fed it remains extremely vulnerable to climatic
shocks.
40
It has increasingly become evident that in rangelands, such as is Karamoja, livestock production
is the more economically viable form of production compared to crop farming. This is because the
system of livestock production practiced by the Karamojong allows pastoralists to mitigate the
adverse effects of severe and prolonged droughts, as well as dwindling and erratic rainfall, in
ways that crop farming cannot. Pastoralists move their livestock away from resource-stressed
areas through a system based on tracking of seasonally available pastoral resources, and moving
to areas where they can access pastoral resources such as pastures and water. What appears
to be haphazard is the opportunistic tracking of seasonally available grazing resources. It is not
only a time-tested efficient system of resource use, it also enables the Karamojong to make the
most of a difficult physical and ecological environment in Karamoja in ways that no other immobile
system of production is capable of doing. Mobility also allows pastoralists to reduce their
vulnerability to livestock diseases, and to protect the rangelands from degradation as their
movement allows pastures to regenerate naturally.
Households that own cattle and other forms of livestock are known to be able to cope better with
the adversities in Karamoja. A study by Broughton and Wathum (2014) revealed that inequality
among the Karamojong widens the more settled crop farming is adopted by the majority as their
mainstay, implying that there were many ordinary Karamojong adopting settled crop farming as a
short-term coping strategy. Research has also revealed that households that integrated livestock
into their agricultural systems were more likely to live above the poverty line than those that had
not (Mercy Corps 2018, 1). Both crop farmers and livestock producers are exposed to shocks and
disasters in Karamoja, however, livestock-based livelihoods allow faster recovery compared to
those who exclusively depend on crops. It is the flexibility of livestock herding that allows herders
to cope better with adversity compared with crop farmers. This means, in the agricultural sector,
livestock production presents the biggest opportunity for the rapid socio-economic transformation
of Karamoja and its population, outside of mineral development.
For many ordinary Karamojong, it is not how many acres of land opened for crop cultivation that
determines whether or not they will be food secure the next season, but rather whether an
individual has access to livestock and its products. Livestock asset ownership is key to household
food and livelihood security. When there is a shortage of food stocks, households use income
from sales of livestock and livestock products to purchase grain, as well as meet their other
recurrent household expenses. While many interventions were carried out under KIDP2 to
improve livestock production in Karamoja, much of the focus was on increasing food security by
ensuring as many Karamojong as possible would also grow their own food. In many ways,
livestock production was considered complementary to crop farming, considering the range and
quantities of agriculture inputs that were provided to Karamojong households.
Limited as they were, Karamojong pastoralists benefited immensely from interventions under
KIDP2 that targeted provision of subsidised veterinary inputs to cattle owners and herders, as
well as interventions that involved the distribution of improved breeds of goats and cattle to
individuals in farmers’ groups through different types of pass-on schemes. Through livestock
groups, many women were trained in adding value to animal products – in particular fattening,
processing goat skins/hides and production of goats’ milk. Such collective trainings enabled
41
beneficiaries to continue supporting each other, especially when challenges were encountered.
The training and equipping of Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) greatly benefitted
herders in terms of access to veterinary services and drugs, and reduced mortalities of livestock,
hence leading to increased access to livestock products. Support was provided to Karamojong
herders in fodder production of hay and foliage, in addition to setting up community managed
veterinary delivery systems, through which assorted animal health drugs were provided to the
identified CAHWs, and timely mass vaccination activities supported during outbreaks of
epidemics.
These interventions, that were undertaken through government and development partners,
targeted increased access to livestock to enable beneficiary households in Karamoja to restore
livelihood assets, helping to not only increase access to incomes, but also to reduce vulnerability
to shocks and disasters. Increasing access to water for livestock and other production activities
helped to reduce resource sharing conflicts within, and between the pastoral communities in
Karamoja. As a result of the interventions undertaken, livestock production and productivity
increased among a large number of beneficiary households in different parts of Karamoja, both
rural and urban. A number of challenges remain. Incidences of livestock pests and diseases
remains high. There is a resurgence of tsetse flies in Northern Karamoja, which is spreading
trypanosomiasis in livestock southwards through migration of host wildlife such as buffaloes and
elephants. Access to veterinary inputs, drugs and extension services is limited. Water scarcity
has continued to be a challenge for livestock producers, even with significant investments made
to increase availability of water for livestock through water for production facilities. Insecurity is
also a source of vulnerability for livestock owners.
Output 2.1: Interventions for improving quality and diversity of livestock breeds in
Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, support will be provided for the introduction, supply, adoption and rearing of
certified exotic and improved breeds of large livestock in Karamoja for provision to smallholder
pastoralists and large livestock farmers. This will include mainly certified exotic and improved
breeds of large livestock, such as camels and cattle for both meat and dairy production, and
donkeys; as well as for small livestock including goats and sheep for meat and milk production,
as well as pigs bred for meat. The improved and exotic breeds of cattle to be introduced include,
among others: Boran and Brahmans for beef, and Friesians for milk production using zero
grazing. Improved and exotic breeds of goats include, among others: Savannah, Boer and Galla
goats for meat; and Saanen and Toggenburg breeds for dairy. The main exotic or improved breed
of sheep is mainly the Dorper sheep. The reason why certified breeds of exotic and improved
small and large livestock are emphasised under the KIDP3 is because under the KIDP2, and
other government programmes for re-stocking in Karamoja, the off-spring of much of the stock
that was distributed by some of the suppliers did not realise its full potential for body weight (for
42
beef breeds) or maximum potential for milk production (for dairy breeds), which was caused partly
by procuring from non-certified breeding sources.
Under the KIDP3, support will be provided to livestock farmers to organise themselves into
Improved Livestock Breeders Associations for training, mentoring and organised delivery of
livestock extension services. Their associations will also be supported to function effectively.
Local does (female goats) and exotic crosses of bucks will be procured and distributed to
smallholder households to improve the quality of goat breeds in Karamoja. In addition, local ewes
(female sheep) and exotic rams will be procured and distributed for crossing to improve the quality
of sheep in Karamoja. Usually emphasis has been on goats, and yet in much of Karamoja, sheep
have been found to be more resilient to drought and more resistant to pests and diseases than
goats. A lot of the milk which is consumed in households comes from mainly sheep. Support will
also be provided to the training of CAHWs in undertaking Artificial Insemination (AI) to improve
breeding quality of local cows for beef and milk production. Livestock producers will be trained in
modern livestock husbandry practices. Cold Chain Stores and AI Centres will be established at
Sub-county level in the districts of Karamoja. Sensitisation of livestock farmers will be undertaken
in Karamoja on the benefits and challenges of AI for breed improvement.
Output 2.2: Access to productive rangelands and feed resources promoted for improved
nutrition of livestock herds in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, youth and women groups will be supported to engage in fodder production to
increase fodder availability for improved livestock production. Interventions to promote formal and
informal Resource Sharing Agreements will be undertaken in the rangelands during the dry
season. Livestock producers will be trained on supplementary feed conservation, production and
preservation, including commercial hay and silage production. CAHWs will be trained on
fodder/pasture establishment and management and provision of planting materials. Drought
tolerant high value fodder/pastures varieties, suitable in drylands, will be identified, rehabilitated
and restored. Mechanical control of the spread of invasive species of grasses and fodder that
undermine pasture availability for livestock in Karamoja will be undertaken. Strategic dry season
feed/pasture reserves will be established by creating rangeland enclosures in resource rich areas.
Multipurpose nursery demonstration sites for dryland pastures, forage and fodder will be
established. Targeted seeding and reseeding, and pasture production, will be undertaken in
selected rangelands to increase pasture availability.
Output 2.3: Increased access to veterinary services for improved health of livestock in
Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, continuous livestock disease surveillance will be undertaken in all the districts
of Karamoja. Every two years livestock markets in Karamoja are quarantined for almost six
months to control the spread of livestock disease outbreaks, especially Foot and Mouth Disease.
Sometimes the management of these disease outbreaks encounters challenges. The KIDP3 will
emphasise the need for improved handling of animal disease outbreaks in Karamoja by the
relevant stakeholders in order to improve livestock production and marketing. Timely routine
livestock disease vaccinations will be undertaken to improve livestock health and productivity.
43
Business development services will be provided to support private actors involved in the
veterinary input supply chain. Private sector actors will be supported to stock basic livestock
production inputs for sale to livestock producers at reduced prices. Support will be provided to
veterinary drugs and input dealers to form and operationalize Input Dealers Associations for
training, lobbying and advocacy on veterinary supplies prices. Training of livestock producers will
be undertaken on livestock diseases diagnosis, and preventative veterinary health care and
emergency treatment. Training of livestock producers on the management and care of young
stock, including provision of supplementary feeding, will be undertaken. Interventions for tsetse
fly control will be undertaken to contain the resurgence in North Karamoja. Lastly, communal
livestock spray pumps will be procured and distributed at a subsidised cost, in addition to
supporting the construction of communal spray races at parish level in all districts of Karamoja.
Output 2.4: Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, the sensitisation of livestock producers will be undertaken on Transboundary
Animal Diseases (TADs). CAHWs will be trained in undertaking animal health surveillance for
TADs. Communal spraying of migratory livestock herds during the dry season will be supported
to control spread of TADs. Sub-counties in border areas will be supported to formulate bye-laws
for controlling spread of TADs by migratory livestock herds.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Karamojong

Livestock production and productivity enhanced for strengthened livelihoods’ are
summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJONG LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCED

FOR STRENGTHENED LIVELIHOODS
Outputs Activities
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL INDUSTRIES AND FISHERIES (MAAIF)
Output 2.1: Interventions 2.1.1 Support introduction, supply, adoption and rearing of certified exotic
for improving quality and and improved breeds of large and smaller livestock in Karamoja
diversity of livestock 2.1.2 Support livestock farmers to organise and operationalize improved
breeds in Karamoja livestock breeders associations for training, mentoring and
supported organised delivery of livestock extension services
2.1.3 Procure and distribute local does and exotic cross of bucks to
smallholder households to improve quality of goat breeds in
Karamoja
2.1.4 Procure and distribute local ewes and exotic rams for crossing to
improve quality of sheep in Karamoja
2.1.5 Train CAHWs in undertaking Artificial Insemination to improve
quality of local cows for beef and milk production
2.1.6 Train livestock producers on modern livestock husbandry practices
2.1.7 Establish Cold Chain Stores and AI Centres in selected sub-
counties of Karamoja
2.1.8 Undertake sensitisation of livestock farmers in Karamoja on benefits
and challenges of Artificial Insemination in breed improvement
2.2.1 Support youth and women groups to engage in fodder production
44
Output 2.2: Access to 2.2.2 Undertake interventions to promote formal and informal Resources
productive rangelands and Sharing Agreements in the rangelands during the dry season
feed resources promoted 2.2.3 Train livestock producers on supplementary feed conservation,
for improved nutrition of production and preservation, including commercial hay and silage
livestock herds in production
Karamoja 2.2.4 Train CAHWs on fodder/ pasture establishment and management
and provision of planting materials
2.2.5 Identify, rehabilitate and restore drought tolerant high value
fodder/pastures varieties suitable in drylands
2.2.6 Undertake mechanical control of the spread of invasive species of
grasses and fodder that undermine pasture availability for livestock
in Karamoja
2.2.7 Support establishment of strategic dry season feed/pasture reserves
by creating rangeland enclosures in resource rich areas
2.2.8 Establish multipurpose nursery demonstration sites for dryland
pastures, forage and fodder
2.2.9 Undertake targeted seeding and reseeding, and pasture production,
in selected rangelands to increase pasture availability
Output 2.3: Increased 2.3.1 Undertake continuous livestock disease surveillance in all the
access to veterinary districts of Karamoja
services for improved 2.3.2 Undertake timely routine livestock disease vaccinations to improve
health of livestock in on livestock health and productivity
Karamoja supported 2.3.3 Provide business development services to support private actors
involved in the veterinary input supply chain
2.3.4 Support private sector actors to stock basic livestock production
inputs for sale to livestock producers at reduced prices
2.3.5 Support and organise veterinary drugs and input dealers to form
and operationalize input dealers associations for training in lobbying
and advocacy on veterinary supplies prices
2.3.6 Undertake training of livestock producers on livestock diseases
diagnosis, and preventative veterinary health care and emergency
treatment
2.3.7 Undertake training of livestock producers on the management and
care of young stock, including provision of supplementary feeding
2.3.8 Undertake interventions for tsetse fly control to contain the
resurgence in North Karamoja
2.3.9 Provide communal livestock spray pumps and construct communal
spray races at parish level in all districts of Karamoja
Output 2.4: Control of 2.4.1 Undertake sensitisation of livestock producers on Trans-boundary
Transboundary Animal Animal Diseases (TADs)
Diseases (TADs) in 2.4.2 Train CAHWs in undertaking animal health surveillance for TADs
Karamoja supported 2.4.3 Support communal spraying of migratory livestock herds during the
dry season to control spread of TADs
2.4.4 Support sub-counties in border areas to formulate bye-laws for
controlling spread of TADs by migratory livestock herds
OUTCOME 3: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF LIVELIHOODS PROMOTED FOR
STRENGTHENED RESILIENCE OF KARAMOJONG HOUSEHOLDS
45
The KIDP3 seeks to reinforce the importance of targeting on-farm and off-farm livelihood
diversification for smallholder pastoral and agro-pastoral households as the best strategy to
enhance the resilience of households to shocks and disasters. There are likely to be more
internally reinforcing livelihood opportunities for diversification within livestock production
compared with livelihoods where crop farming is the primary or main source of livelihood. The
failure to provide viable alternative employment and livelihood source for disarmed warriors has
been identified as one of the factors responsible for the reversal in gains from disarmament with
the re-armament by Karamojong warriors. Under Outcome 3 of Programme 2 of the KIDP3, the
following areas of intervention will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 3.1: Adoption of alternative on-farm activities for livelihood improvements at

household level in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, coffee growing will promoted in parts of Karamoja where the climate and soils
are favourable, including among the mountainous Ik and Tepeth communities. The development
of horticulture will be promoted among smallholder farmers in the greenbelt areas of Karamoja.
Farmer Groups will be trained on modern apiary farming practices integrated with watershed
management initiatives. Selected farmers in all districts of Karamoja will be supported with apiary
start-up units (beehives, honey harvesting and processing kits etc.). Farmer Groups will be
provided with extension advice on apiary farming as well as disease and pest management and
control. And lastly, initiatives to undertake commercial ostrich farming in Karamoja will be
supported in the grassland areas of Karamoja.
Output 3.2: Adoption of alternative off-farm activities for livelihood improvements at

household level in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, agro-pastoral households will be supported to become traders in crop and
livestock products and other essential commodities for livelihood improvement. Alternative non-
consumptive use of rangeland biodiversity products such as extraction of Aloe Vera, Incense,
Gum Arabic, Tamarind and Cactus will be developed as a source of income for households.
Trainings of agro-pastoral households will be conducted on small-scale retail business enterprise
management, record keeping and cash-flow management. Lastly, exposure tours for Karamojong
households will be conducted in areas with established and profitable off-farm activities.
Output 3.3: Adoption of alternative intensive small livestock-based enterprises in

Karamoja supported
During the implementation of the KIDP2, through support provided by government and
development partners, households in Karamoja benefitted from different forms of support to
alternative forms of production, including poultry keeping, horticulture farming, and apiary
production among others. Under the KIDP3, Farmer Groups will be trained on modern fish farming
especially in areas near large water reservoirs. Selected Farmer Groups will be supported with
fish farming start-up kits (construction of fish ponds, fish feeds, etc.). The selected Farmer Groups
will also be supported with extension advise on fish farming including pest management and
control. In addition to fish farming, Farmer Groups will also be trained on modern poultry
46
management practices. Selected farmers in all districts of Karamoja will be supported with poultry
start-up units (100 chicks, feeders, feeders etc.). The selected Farmer Groups will be provided
with poultry inputs, drugs and equipment as well as extension advise and veterinary drugs for
poultry disease management and control. Lastly, rabbit farming will also be supported. Selected
Farmer Groups will be trained in modern rabbit farming practices. Selected farmers in all districts
of Karamoja will be supported with rabbit farming start-up kits (hutches, feeds, supplements etc.).
The Farmer Groups will be provided with extension advise on rabbit farming, and pests and
disease management and control.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Alternative

sources of livelihoods promoted for strengthened resilience of Karamojong
households’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 3: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF LIVELIHOODS PROMOTED FOR STRENGTHENED

RESILIENCE OF KARAMOJONG HOUSEHOLDS
Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Adoption of 3.1.1 Promote coffee growing in parts of Karamoja where the climate and
alternative on-farm activities soils are favourable, like among the Ik and Tepeth communities
for livelihood improvements 3.1.2 Support the development of horticulture among smallholder farmers
at household level in in the greenbelt areas of Karamoja
Karamoja supported 3.1.3 Train Farmer Groups on modern Apiary Farming practices which
are integrated with watershed management initiatives
3.1.4 Support selected farmers in all districts of Karamoja with Apiary
start-up units (beehives, honey harvesting and processing kits etc.)
3.1.5 Provide Farmer Groups with extension advise on Apiary farming as
well as disease and pest management and control
3.1.6 Support initiatives to undertake commercial Ostrich Farming in
Karamoja
Output 3.2: Adoption of 3.2.1 Support agro-pastoral households to adopt trade in crop and
alternative off-farm activities livestock products and essential commodities for livelihood
for livelihood improvements improvement
at household level in 3.2.2 Develop enterprises around alternative non-consumptive use of
Karamoja supported rangeland biodiversity products such as extraction of Aloe Vera,
Incense, Gum Arabic, Tamarind, Cactus
3.2.3 Conduct training of agro-pastoral households in retail business
management, record keeping and cash-flow management
3.2.4 Conduct exposure learning visits for Karamojong households in
areas with established and profitable off-farm activities
Output 3.3: Adoption of 3.3.1 Train Farmers Groups on modern Fish Farming especially in areas
alternative intensive small near large water reservoirs
livestock-based enterprises 3.3.2 Support selected Farmers’ Groups with Fish Farming start-up kits
in Karamoja supported (construction of fish ponds, fish feeds, etc.)
3.3.3 Provide the selected Farmer Groups with extension advise on Fish
Farming including pest management and control
3.3.4 Train Farmer Groups on modern poultry management practices
3.3.5 Support selected farmers in all districts of Karamoja with Poultry
start-up units (100 chicks, feeders, feeders etc.)
47
3.3.6 Provide Farmer Groups poultry inputs, drugs and equipment,
extension advise and veterinary drugs for poultry disease control
3.3.7 Train selected Farmer Groups in modern rabbit farming practices
3.3.8 Support selected farmers in all districts of Karamoja with Rabbit
Farming start-up kits (hutches, feeds, supplements etc.)
3.3.9 Provide Farmer Groups with extension advise on Rabbit Farming
and pests and disease management and control
2.3 PROGRAMME THREE: ENHANCED DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN

KARAMOJA
During the KIDP2, there were large-scale investments in improvement of social services delivery
in Karamoja, especially in terms of physical infrastructure investments in education, primary
healthcare, access to safe and clean water for human consumption, as well as improved
sanitation and hygiene. This was because of a widely acknowledged view that public spending
on education is a form of investment that has a demonstrably high rate of return, with enormous
potential to facilitate realisation of important national development goals and targets. In Karamoja,
investing in its human capital is considered a foundation for socio-economic transformation in
general, the reduction in the incidence of poverty, and the achievement of sustainable livelihoods.
As a consequence of these investments, the overall wellbeing conditions of the population in

Karamoja were generally better than they were more than ten years ago, and were improving by
day. Availability of and access to most of the basic social services had significantly improved,
including primary and secondary education, access to safe water for drinking, as well as primary
health care services. The above notwithstanding, most benefits from improved basic services
availability were being enjoyed by a small segment of the local population. These include mainly
those have established sources of income, either in form of wages from formal sector employment
or private sector incomes, and who were living in urban areas.
Despite the significant investment in infrastructure development for delivery of basic social
services during the KIDP2, challenges abound with regards to the key human development
indicators in Karamoja. It was revealed in the recently released 2019/20 UNHS that Karamoja
had the highest proportion of their population who could neither afford a blanket nor a pair of
shoes. Only 17% of the population aged 18 years and above had blankets. This was only higher
than Teso, with only 10%. The national average was 45% (UBOS 2021, 83). In addition,
Karamoja, at 16%, also had the lowest proportion of households who said every member of their
household had at least a pair of shoes, implying that 84% did not own any shoes (UBOS 2021,
83).
It is recognised in the KIDP3 that sustainable development of human resources in Karamoja is

critical to unlocking the full economic development potential of the Karamoja region, on the basis
of which benefits of growth will permeate the entire society of the Karamojong without leaving
behind anyone. Programme 3 of the KIDP3 seeks to achieve ‘Enhanced Development of Human
Capital in Karamoja’ through: (a) ensuring quality and inclusive education; (b) enhancing
48
equitable, safe and sustainable health services; (c) promoting improved nutrition security for
school children and the poor and vulnerable households; (d) increasing access to safe water for
human consumption, and; (e) improved sanitation and hygiene promoted at household and
institutional levels. This means programme 3 of KIDP3 is consistent with not only the underlying
objectives of the NDPIII which seeks to ‘Enhance the productivity and social wellbeing of the
population’, but also with the NDPIII programme on ‘Human Capital Development’ which aims to
‘increase productivity of the population for increased competitiveness and better quality of life for
all’. To achieve ‘Enhanced Development of Human Capital in Karamoja’ under Programme 3
of the KIDP3, the following five outcomes will be pursued, namely:
Outcome 1: Quality and inclusive education supported for enhanced skills of the
population in Karamoja
Outcome 2: Equitable, safe and sustainable health services supported for improved
health of the Karamojong
Outcome 3: Improved nutrition security for school children and the poor and vulnerable
households in Karamoja
Outcome 4: Enhanced access to safe water for human consumption and improved
wellbeing of the Karamojong
Outcome 5: Improved sanitation and hygiene promoted at household and institutional
levels for enhanced wellbeing of the Karamojong
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these five outcomes based on which the overall
objectives of the KIDP3 will be realised are elaborated as follows:
OUTCOME 1: QUALITY AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SUPPORTED FOR

ENHANCED SKILLS OF THE POPULATION IN KARAMOJA
Education is universally acknowledged as a key stimulus for socio-economic transformation. The

right to education is constitutionally guaranteed for every person in Uganda irrespective of sex or
other economic and social standing (Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, Article 20).
Education for women and men, and girls and boys, widens opportunities, choices and incomes,
and therefore plays an important role in lifting communities out of poverty. For girls, prolonged
stay in education systems is known to contribute to the lowering of fertility rates and delay in the
age of marriage, leading to smaller family sizes, reduction in teenage pregnancy, significant
reduction in infant and maternal mortality rates, and ultimately increased mobility and productivity
of women and girls. Therefore, in addition to being a right and entitlement for each and every
citizen, education is one of the catalysts for growth and the economic development of any country.
Significant progress was achieved as a result of the interventions undertaken by government

during the KIDP2. Whereas significant progress was registered in enrolment at all levels—as well
as retention, completion and performance in Karamoja—there are still wide gaps and key
bottlenecks in access to education that are deeply entrenched within cultural social norms. These
act as a barrier to girls’ education particularly, and their participation and benefitting from
education sector service delivery, and impact children in the Karamoja region as whole. Children
49
in the Karamoja region also suffer from multiple vulnerabilities aggravated by the high poverty
rates, poor access to information on life skills and health information, as well as services like
psychosocial support especially to children that have experienced Sexual and Gender-based
Violence (SGBV). This is further complicated by household food insecurity resulting from the
effects of climate change.
In 2020 there were still too few primary schools, to the extent that Karamoja’s Gross Enrolment
Rate (GER) in Primary Schools was 58% (66% for males and 49% for females) compared with
109% at the national level. There are also even fewer secondary schools as the Universal
Secondary Education (USE) GER in Secondary Schools in Karamoja was a paltry 8% (10% for
males and 6.5% for females) compared with 25% at the national level. The overall secondary
school Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Karamoja was 12.1% compared with 27% at national level
(UBOS 2021). In 2016/17, 51% of the population aged 6 to 24 years in Karamoja had never
attended school, compared to only 5% nationally (UBOS, 2017: 34). In 2016/17, only 37% of the
population aged 6-24 years in Karamoja were attending school, compared to 70% at the national
level (UBOS, 2017: 43).
Adult literacy rates in Karamoja increased from 26.8% in 2016/17 to 30.4% in 2019/20 compared
to the national level, which increased from 74% to 76% over the same period. This means 70%
of the adults in Karamoja were still unable to read or write in any language (USAID 2019a, 4).
Low as it is, the actual rate of increase in adult literacy rates in Karamoja up to 30.4% was higher
than in some regions, including Acholi where it increased only slightly from 59.2% in 2016/17 to
59.3 in 2019/20. In some regions adult literacy decreased, such as in Lango from 77.6% to 77.5%
and in Bukedi from 63.5% to 59.6%.
Karamoja’s very low adult literacy rates suggest overall universal access to quality education in
Karamoja is faced with several challenges. One of the biggest challenges to formal education in
Karamoja are mind-sets with regards to the value of education for the livelihoods of the educated,
which are not changing as fast as would have been expected (USAID 2019a, 4). The persistent
challenges of low enrolment, and the absence of flexible alternative education opportunities to
meet the real needs of the population, have not improved the situation. As a result, dropout rates
have continued to be high. In some communities, education is not given much value, and children,
both boys and girls, are withdrawn to support the household livelihood economy. The boys are
withdrawn from school to herd, while the girls are retained by their mothers to support them in
household chores, garden work and other activities branded as ‘women’s work’ in Karamoja e.g.
building houses, weeding, harvesting, collecting firewood, taking care of children. These girls are
eventually married off, some at very early ages.
The approach in the KIDP3 is to enhance not simply formal education where certificates are
an end point, but to also enhance the relevance of the education provided to address the
constraints faced by the Karamojong in their context. This Outcome 1 of Programme 3 of
KIDP3 seeks to enhance skills of the population in Karamoja by supporting the attainment of
quality and inclusive education. The following areas of intervention will be pursued to achieve
results under the respective outputs of this outcome:
50
Output 1.1: Infrastructure constructed to increase access to education by children of
school going age in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, the construction of new classrooms, Early Childhood Development (ECD)
structures, and dormitories for boarding primary and secondary schools, will be supported to
ensure as many children of school going age have access to schools as possible. Existing
classrooms, ECD structures and dormitories for boarding primary and secondary schools will be
rehabilitated to ensure a good learning environment. Education will be supported through the
distribution of home study materials to households to ensure there is continued learning. Furniture
will be supplied to ECDs, primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. Support will also be provided
to establish Science Laboratory Centres within secondary schools and tertiary institutions of
learning. Efforts will be made to ensure all community primary schools, and schools constructed
by NGOs and development partners, are coded by the MoES so that their teachers can be enlisted
on the government payroll. At least 40 girls and 40 boys boarding primary schools, one for each
sub-county in Karamoja will be constructed/upgraded and equipped. The land of all public schools
will be surveyed and titled, and thereafter perimeter fenced with chain-link to ensure not only the
security of learners and the property in the schools, but also to protect the school land from land
grabbers. The KIDP3 is consistent with government policy of promoting the adopting e-learning
methods to improve learning outcomes. ICT equipment will be provided to primary and secondary
schools in Karamoja to strengthen remote e-learning through Radio, TV and open distance
learning systems. All education institutions in Karamoja will be supported to implement COVID-
19 SOPs by providing hand washing equipment, temperature guns, de-contaminants and face
masks. In addition, co-curricular activities like sports and athletics will be supported in all the
education institutions.
Output 1.2: Terms and conditions of services for school teachers in Karamoja improved
Under the KIDP3, District Service Commissions (DSCs) in Karamoja will be supported to recruit
teachers for primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary institutions in Karamoja. Qualified
teachers in government-aided primary and secondary schools in Karamoja will be recruited,
posted and supported to remain in Karamoja. The Schools Health and Reading Programme
(SHARP) will be rolled out to all districts of Karamoja. Efforts will be made to ensure an increase
in the percentages paid to teachers being posted to the Karamoja as hardship allowances. The
facilitation, support and number of instructors in the education centres will be increased. Two
teachers’ houses per school will be constructed for both primary and secondary schools per
district in Karamoja. Old teachers’ houses will also be rehabilitated. Efforts will be made to
organise and host a bi-annual education conference for the Karamoja sub-region. Lastly, efforts
will also be made under the KIDP3 to provide post COVID-19 psych-social support to teachers
and learners in primary and secondary schools.
Output 1.3: Local communities, traditional/ cultural institutions and local political leaders
mobilised to support school enrolment for all school-going age children
51
Under the KIDP3, local governments will be supported to enact and enforce a regional education
ordinance to ensure compulsory enrolment, retention and completion in school for children aged
between 6 and 17 years in Karamoja. Consultative meetings with traditional institutions and
cultural leaders will be held to mobilise support for compulsory enrolment, retention and
completion of school-going age children in school. Community mobilisation and sensitisation will
be conducted on enrolment of children in schools, in addition to “Go Back, Stay at School”
campaigns. Government and development partners will be lobbied to provide bursaries to children
at primary, secondary and university level. Radio Talk shows and community awareness meetings
will be conducted to mobilise communities to send their children to school. Demand-side
interventions that will support vulnerable households to send and keep children in school will be
established. These will include, among others, social grants, uniform support, school feeding
support, scholastic materials etc. Lastly, Bursary Schemes for Karamojong students will be
established to enable them to pursue courses such as veterinary medicine, animal husbandry,
dryland agriculture and human medicine that will directly help to build and increase community
resilience to shocks in Karamoja.
Output 1.4: Teacher Training in Karamoja supported for delivery of quality education
Under the KIDP3, the establishment of 2 Post-Primary Education and Training Centres will be
supported in each district in Karamoja. The support to in-service training for teachers will be
increased to 100 per district per annum throughout Karamoja sub-region. The training of ECD
caregivers at public Primary Teachers Colleges (PTCs) will be institutionalised, and the regulatory
and quality assurance system of ECD standards will be enforced. Secondary school teachers
from Teacher Training Institutes in other parts of the country will be supported to undertake in-
service training in Karamoja.
Output 1.5: Management and governance of public education institutions in Karamoja

strengthened at all levels to enhance accountability and quality of education
The KIDP3 is consistent with government policy of promoting digitizing, inspection and
supervision to address absenteeism of learners and teachers, which will eventually improve
learning outcomes. Efforts will be made to pilot the design and implementation of a digitized
Learners and Teachers inspection and supervision platform in Karamoja. This platform will be
linked to the e-government system in the districts to check absenteeism and improve learning
outcomes. Effort will also be made to ensure compliance of the ECD centres and primary schools
to meet the basic requirements and minimum standards. The establishment, training and
equipping of School Management Committees (SMCs) and Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs)
will be supported. Joint school monitoring by district and sub-county stakeholders will also be
supported. Routine inspections and monitoring of all education institutions (primary, secondary
and tertiary institutions) will be conducted. At least three annual PTA meetings for all primary
schools in Karamoja will be conducted. School inspectors for Karamoja will be recruited, trained
and equipped. Lastly, one vehicle per district for the school inspectors’ department will be
procured and maintained.
52
Output 1.6: Inclusive ‘education for all’ in Karamoja support for improved wellbeing
Under the KIDP3, a bursary scheme targeting at least 100 bright but disadvantaged Karamojong
boys and girls in primary schools, as well as secondary (ordinary and advanced level) schools,
per year will be established. Efforts will be made to ensure easy access to school for children with
Special Learning Needs (SLN). Safe girl and child-friendly school environments will be promoted
in all schools in Karamoja. A senior woman teacher will be recruited in all primary schools to
support girl children. At least 500,000 locally manufactured sanitary towels will be procured for
distribution to girl children in Karamoja per year.
Output 1.7: Business, Technical and Vocational Education Training (BTVET) skills
development in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, students as well as school drop-outs from Karamoja will be supported to train
at different National Agricultural Farm Institutes to acquire agricultural-related vocational skills.
Annual skills development awareness campaigns in schools in Karamoja will be supported. At
least two Business and Technical Vocational Education Training (BTVET) Institutes will be
established and equipped in Karamoja. The existing Business and Technical Training schools in
Karamoja will be rehabilitated, re-equipped and retooled. Adoption of vocational education in
schools in Karamoja will be supported. Bursaries will be provided for secondary school students
in Karamoja who chose to join post-secondary vocational training. Those who dropped out but
wish to acquire skills such as tailoring, motor vehicle mechanics, metal fabrications, and others
will also be considered for bursaries. The development of infrastructure for BTVET training
institutes will be supported to enhance skills development through training, mentorships,
apprenticeships, provision of start-up capital, linkages to potential spares, raw-materials and
product markets, as well as revolving funds for mid-career businesses.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 3 on ‘Quality and
inclusive education supported for enhanced skills of the population in Karamoja’ are
OUTCOME 1: QUALITY AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SUPPORTED FOR ENHANCED SKILLS

OF THE POPULATION IN KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Infrastructure 1.1.1 Construct new classrooms, Early Childhood Development (ECD)
constructed to increase structures, dormitories for boarding primary and secondary schools
access to education by 1.1.2 Support continued learning through distribution of home study materials
children of school going to households through schools
age in Karamoja 1.1.3 Rehabilitate existing classrooms, ECD structures and dormitories for
boarding primary and secondary schools in Karamoja
1.1.4 Undertake survey, titling and chain-link perimeter fencing of all school
land for enhanced security
1.1.5 Supply of furniture to ECDs, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
institutions in Karamoja
1.1.6 Support establishment of Science Laboratory Centres in secondary
schools and tertiary institutions of learning
53
1.1.7 Support the coding of community primary schools and schools
constructed by NGOs and development partners
1.1.8 Construct/upgrade and equip 40 girls and 40 boys boarding Primary
Schools, one for each sub-county in Karamoja
1.1.9 Support co-curricular activities like sports and athletics in schools in
Karamoja
1.1.10 Provide ICT equipment to primary and secondary schools to
strengthen remote e-learning and open distance learning systems
1.1.11 Support schools to implement COVID-19 SOPs by providing hand
washing equipment, temperature guns, de-contaminants and face
masks
Output 1.2: Terms and 1.2.1 Support to the District Service Commissions (DSCs) to recruit teachers
conditions of services for for primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary institutions in
school teachers in Karamoja
Karamoja improved 1.2.2 Recruit, post and retain qualified teachers in the government aided
primary and secondary schools in Karamoja
1.2.3 Roll out the Schools Health and Reading Programme (SHARP) to all
districts of Karamoja
1.2.4 Increase the % of hardship allowance to teachers being posted to the
Karamoja sub-region
1.2.5 Increase the facilitation, support and number of instructors in the
education centres
1.2.6 Construct 2 teachers houses per school for both primary and
secondary schools per district
1.2.7 Support a bi-annual education conference for the Karamoja sub-region
1.2.8 Provide post COVID-19 psycho-social support to teachers and learners
in primary and secondary schools
Output 1.3: Local 1.3.1 Support local governments to enact education ordinance on
communities, traditional/ compulsory enrolment, retention and completion in school for children
cultural institutions and aged between 6 and 17 years in Karamoja
local political leaders 1.3.2 Hold consultative meetings with traditional institutions and cultural
leaders to mobilise support for compulsory enrolment, retention and
mobilised to support
completion of school-going age children in school
school enrolment for all 1.3.3 Conduct community mobilisation and sensitisation on enrolment of
school-going age children children in schools, in addition to “Go Back, Stay at School” campaigns
1.3.4 Lobby government and development partners to provide bursaries to
children at primary, secondary and university level
1.3.5 Conduct radio talk shows and community awareness meetings to
mobilise communities to take their children to school
1.3.6 Establish demand-side interventions that will support vulnerable
households to send and keep children in school (social grants, uniform
support, school feeding support, scholastic materials etc.)
1.3.7 Support the establishment of Bursary Schemes for Karamojong
students to pursue veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, dryland
agriculture and human medicine
Output 1.4: Teacher 1.4.1 Support the establishment of 2 Post-Primary Education and Training
Training in Karamoja centres in each district
supported for delivery of 1.4.2 Increase support to 100 in-service training for teachers per district per
quality education annum in the Karamoja sub-region
1.4.3 Institutionalise the training of ECD caregivers at Public PTCs and
enforce the regulatory and quality assurance system of ECD standards
1.4.4 Support secondary school teachers from Teacher Training Institutes in
other parts of the country to undertake in-service training in Karamoja
54
Output 1.5: Management 1.5.1 Pilot the design and implementation of a digitized Learners and
and governance of public Teachers inspection and supervision platform in Karamoja
education institutions in 1.5.2 Ensure compliance of the ECD centres and primary to the basic
Karamoja strengthened at requirements and minimum standards
all levels to enhance 1.5.3 Support establishment, training and equipping of School Management
accountability and quality Committees (SMCs) and Parents Teachers Associations (PTAs)
of education 1.5.4 Support joint school monitoring by district and sub-county stakeholders
1.5.5 Conduct routine inspections and monitoring of all education institutions
(primary, secondary & tertiary institutions)
1.5.6 Support at least three annual PTA meetings for all primary schools in
Karamoja
1.5.7 Recruit, train and equip to motivate primary and secondary school
inspectors in the districts of Karamoja
1.5.8 Procure and maintain one vehicle per district for school inspectors
department
Output 1.6: Inclusive 1.6.1 Establish a bursary scheme for primary school and secondary (O&A
education for all in level) schools targeting at least 100 bright but disadvantaged
Karamoja support for Karamojong boys and girls annually
improved wellbeing 1.6.2 Ensure easy access to school for children with Special Learning Needs
(SLN) in Karamoja
1.6.3 Promote safe girl and child friendly school environments in schools in
Karamoja
1.6.4 Recruit one senior woman teacher in all primary schools in Karamoja to
support the girl child
1.6.5 Procure and distribute at least 500,000 locally manufactured sanitary
towels for girl children in Karamoja annually
Output 1.7: Business, 1.7.1 Support students from Karamoja to train at National Agricultural Farm
Technical and Institutes to acquire agricultural-related vocational skills
Vocational Education 1.7.2 Support annual skills development awareness campaigns in schools in
Training (BTVET) Skills Karamoja
1.7.3 Establish and equip at least 2 Business and Technical Vocational
Development in
Education Training Institutes in Karamoja
Karamoja Supported 1.7.4 Rehabilitate, re-equip and retool existing Business and Technical
Training schools in Karamoja
1.7.5 Promote the adoption of vocational education in secondary schools in
Karamoja
1.7.6 Provide bursaries for secondary school students who chose to join
post-secondary vocational training
1.7.7 Support development of infrastructure for BTVET training institutes to
enhance Skills development
55
OUTCOME 2: EQUITABLE, SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTH SERVICES
PROVIDED FOR IMPROVED HEALTH OF THE KARAMOJONG
Significant investment was undertaken in Karamoja under the KIDP1 and KIDP2 to ensure
improved access to universal primary health care in Karamoja. Health facilities have been
constructed in many areas. Health seeking behaviours have also improved in Karamoja, with up
to 77% of the population seeking health care in government health facilities (UBOS 2017, 64).
While many health facilities have been constructed, and health seeking behaviours improved,
their utilisation is generally still a challenge due a combination of factors including, drug stock-
shortages, poor equipment, absence of health personnel and distances to health facilities.
Only 17% of the population in Karamoja were within the recommended 5kms distance to a
healthcare facility, compared with the national average of 86% in 2017 (UNFPA 2018). A large
proportion of the population live more than 20kms to the nearest referral facility, nearly 20,000
people are served by one health unit, and 50,000 people by one doctor. Many of the newly created
administrative units are not served by health facilities. Where the health infrastructure is not
lacking, it is largely in a poor state or health service delivery is hampered by a dearth of health
workers. Attracting and retaining health workers to Karamoja continues to be a challenge and the
region remains the least staffed due to, among other factors, the remoteness of most areas, poor
incentives and poor motivation of the staff on the ground. Even the few Karamojong health
workers who have been trained, prefer to work outside Karamoja where terms and conditions of
service are better. Not only is the achievement of universal health care still a pipe dreams in
Karamoja, adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene practices is largely still problematic in
many parts of Karamoja.
The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Karamoja was 588 deaths per 100,000 live births
compared to the national average of 336 deaths per 100,000 live births in FY2016/17, which had
decreased from 438 deaths per 100,000 live births in FY2012/13 (UNFPA 2018). In order to build
on the health infrastructure established under the KIDP2, and in order to consolidate the
achievements that were realised, Outcome 2 of Programme 3 of the KIDP3, will pursue the
following areas of intervention to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 2.1: Essential Primary Health Care Package delivered at community level to
address common health needs of the population
Under the KIDP3, health infrastructure will be constructed, equipped and maintained in all areas
where permanent settlements have emerged. At least 12 HC IIs to HC IIIs, and 3 HC IIIs to HC
IV will be renovated and upgraded. Maternity wings, admission wards and outpatient department
(OPD) units at all health facilities in Karamoja will be renovated. Efforts will be made to construct
new, and renovate existing, staff accommodation at all health facilities in Karamoja. All the land
on which public health facilities are constructed will be surveyed, titled and chain-link perimeter
fenced to ensure security of the property from lawless elements and land grabbers. Community
Based Health services will be strengthened to enhance delivery of the Minimum Health Care
Package in isolated, remote and hard to reach areas, including outreach programmes. Village
Health Teams (VHTs) and Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) will be trained on the
56
delivery of primary health care services at community level. VHTs involved in the delivery of
primary health care services at community level will be provided with bicycles for ease of mobility.
A monitoring system will be put in place to monitor the delivery of primary health care services at
community level by VHTs. A Regional Blood Bank will be constructed for Karamoja at Moroto
Regional Referral Hospital.
Output 2.2: Leadership, governance, management, and accountability at all levels of the
health sector strengthened
Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to ensure fully functional District Health Offices are
constituted throughout Karamoja. Support will be provided to ensure further improvement in
supervision and functionality of District Health Teams. District leaders (CAO, LC5, RDC) will be
facilitated to participate in district and regional health review meetings, as well as health facility
supervision. All health facilities in Karamoja will be supported to develop Comprehensive Work
plans. And all districts in Karamoja will be supported to undertake annual reviews of their District
Health Plans. The capacity of Moroto Regional Referral Hospital will be enhanced to undertake
technical supervision and mentorship in the region.
Output 2.3: Health information, research and evidence generation enhanced to inform
policy development and implementation of health interventions and improve decision
making
Under the KIDP3, research skills training will be provided to health professionals in Karamoja,
including the introduction of new tools for simplifying data visualisation for easy interpretation and
improved reporting (e.g. score cards). Support will be provided to ensure quarterly district and
regional review forums are held for health officials to present data of progress being made on
health indicators in Karamoja for peer review. More support will be provided for research studies
to analyse challenges in the delivery of health services in the districts of Karamoja. Study findings
will be communicated to policymakers for guiding decision making. The rolling out of the electronic
medical record system will be introduced in hospitals and HC IVs in all the districts of Karamoja.
The functionality of the mobile clinics/outreaches in all the districts of Karamoja will be supported.
Support for the operation and maintenance of ambulances will also be provided in all the districts
of Karamoja. And support will be provided for the development of the institutional capacities of
Karamoja district local governments (DLGs) to integrate the SURGE model to clearly identify
trigger mechanisms—targeting methodologies, coordination structures, reporting and monitoring
systems—to inform phased shock responsive interventions in a timely manner.
Output 2.4: Terms and conditions of service of health workers in Karamoja improved to
attract and retain them in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, support will be provided so that hardship allowances can continue to be paid
to attract and retain health staff in Karamoja. Timely payment of salaries for health workers in
Karamoja will be ensured. Scholarships will be awarded to support training of critical cadres e.g.
midwives and anaesthetists, in hard to reach areas of Karamoja. Support will be provided in
57
lobbying for opportunities for increasing the wage bill to allow more recruitment for health staff in
facilities lacking staff in Karamoja.
Output 2.5: Specialised training of human resource in the health sector undertaken to
increase Human Resources for Health productivity
Under the KIDP3, the training of health staff on the Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN)
and Integrated Human Resource information system (IHRIS) will be continued. Districts will be
provided with hardware (computers) and data tools to expand the use of WISN and IHRIS.
Support will be provided to improve performance management in order to increase health worker
outputs.
Output 2.6: Community structures for improved health education, promotion and disease
prevention established and supported
Under the KIDP3, Village Health Teams (VHTs) will be identified and trained in all communities
in Karamoja for improving community health. Community structures such VHTs will be supported
to undertake improved health education, promotion, and disease prevention activities. Community
health structures will be supported to implement the new Community Health Extension Workers
(CHEWs) strategy. Resources and partner support will be mobilised for better engagement of
VHTs for supporting further improvements in community health in Karamoja. Community health
outreaches will be undertaken on disease prevention as well as distribution of Long-Lasting
Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets (LLITN) in Karamoja. Lastly, interventions will be undertaken
to improve immunisation coverage in all the districts of Karamoja.
Output 2.7: Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health services strengthened
Under the KIDP3, community groups will be supported to drive community mobilisation, education
and sensitisation of adolescents on Sexual and Reproductive Health services to increase access
to information and services. Youth corners will be established in health centres to promote youth
friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health services in Karamoja. Menstrual Hygiene Management
(MHM) training for girls and senior women teachers, will be supported in addition to provision of
MHM kits to girls. Support will be provided to improve access to family planning services by
creating demand and providing associated services and commodities. Interventions to improve
antenatal care (ANC) coverage in Karamoja will be undertaken. The mobilisation and sensitisation
of communities on the dangers of early marriages in Karamoja will be undertaken. Mobilisation
and sensitisation of communities on the manifestation of SGBV and how to mitigate it in homes
and institutions of learning will be undertaken. Mobilisation and sensitisation of communities to
increase appreciation of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR), including family
planning services, will be undertaken.
Output 2.8: Health Development Partners and GOU financial commitments align with
sector priorities
58
Under the KIDP3, a mapping of partners and tracking of resources invested in the health sector
in the districts of Karamoja will be undertaken. Support will continue to be provided to health
sector planning processes in Karamoja, which involve all partners. Communities will be sensitised
on pre-payment mechanisms, for example Community Health Insurance Schemes.
Output 2.9: Inter-sectoral collaboration forums to address the key determinants of health
reactivated and institutionalised
Under the KIDP3, the development of Multi-sectoral Nutrition Action Plans will be supported in all
the districts of Karamoja. Efforts will be made to ensure nutrition interventions have been captured
in the five-year District Development Plans (DDPs) as well as the annual district plans. Early
warning structures in the districts and in the communities will need to be activated to support the
uptake of health and nutrition services, as well as planning for shocks and disaster response
activities by the District Local Governments.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 3 on ‘Equitable,

safe and sustainable health services provided for improved health of the Karamojong’ are
OUTCOME 2: EQUITABLE, SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED FOR

IMPROVED HEALTH OF THE KARAMOJONG
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Essential 2.1.1 Construct, equip and maintain health infrastructure in all areas where
Primary Health Care permanent settlements have emerged
Package delivered at 2.1.2 Renovate and upgrade 12 HCIIs to HCIIIs and 3 HCIIIs to HCIV
community level to 2.1.3 Renovate maternity wings, admission wards and OPD units at all
address common health health facilities in Karamoja
needs of the population 2.1.4 Construct new and renovate existing staff accommodation at all health
facilities in Karamoja
2.1.5 Undertake land surveys and chain-link perimeter fencing of all health
facilities
2.1.5 Strengthen Community Based Health services to enhance delivery of
the Minimum Health Care Package in isolated, remote and hard to
reach areas, including outreach Programmes
2.1.6 Train VHTs and Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) on
the delivery of primary health care services at community level
2.1.7 Provide trained VHTs involved in the delivery of primary health care
services at community level with bicycles for ease of mobility
2.1.8 Put in place a monitoring system to monitor the delivery of primary
health care services at community level by VHTs
2.1.9 Construct a Regional Blood Bank for Karamoja at Moroto Regional
Referral Hospital
Output 2.2: Leadership, 2.2.1 Ensure fully functional District Health Offices constituted throughout
governance, management, Karamoja
and accountability at all 2.2.2 Support further improvement in supervision and functionality of DHTs
59
levels of the health sector 2.2.3 Facilitate district leaders (CAO, LC5, RDC) to participate in district and
strengthened regional health review meetings as well as health facility supervision
2.2.4 Support all health facilities in Karamoja to develop Comprehensive
Work plans
2.2.5 Support all districts in Karamoja to undertake annual reviews of their
District Health Plans
2.2.6 Enhance capacity of Moroto Regional Referral Hospital to undertake
technical supervision and mentorship in the region
Output 2.3: Health 2.3.1 Provide research skills training to health professionals in Karamoja
information, research and including introduction of new tools for simplifying data visualisation for
evidence generation easy interpretation and improved reporting (e.g. score cards)
enhanced to inform policy 2.3.2 Support holding of quarterly district and regional review forums for
development and health officials to present data of progress being made in health
implementation of health indicators in Karamoja for peer review
interventions and improve 2.3.3 Provide more support for research studies to analyse challenges in
decision making the delivery of health services in the Districts of Karamoja
2.3.4 Support the rolling out the electronic medical record system in
hospitals and HC IVs in all the Districts of Karamoja
2.3.5 Support the functionality of the mobile clinics/outreaches in all the
2.3.6 Support ambulance operation and maintenance in all the districts of
Karamoja
Output 2.4: Terms and 2.4.1 Continue paying hardship allowances to attract and retain health staff
conditions of service of in Karamoja
health workers in 2.4.2 Enhance timely payment of salaries for health workers in Karamoja
Karamoja improved to 2.4.3 Award scholarships to support training of critical cadres e.g. midwives
attract and retain them in and anaesthetists in hard to reach areas of Karamoja
Karamoja 2.4.4 Lobby for increasing the wage bill to allow recruitment for health staff
in facilities lacking staff in Karamoja
Output 2.5: 2.5.1 Continue training health staff on the Workload Indicator Staffing
Specialised training of Needs (WISN) and Integrated Human Resource information system
human resource in the (IHRIS)
health sector undertaken 2.5.2 Provide districts with hardware (computers) and data tools to expand
to increase HRH the use of WISN and IHRIS
productivity 2.5.3 Improve the Performance Management System for increased health
worker outputs
Output 2.6: 2.6.1 Identify and train VHTs in all communities in Karamoja for improving
Community structures for community health
improved health 2.6.2 Support community structures such VHTs to undertake improved
education, promotion and health education, promotion, and disease prevention activities
disease prevention 2.6.3 Support community health structures to implement the new
established and supported Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) strategy
2.6.4 Mobilise resources and partner support for better engagement of
VHTs for supporting further improvements in community health in
Karamoja
2.6.5 Undertake community health outreaches on disease prevention as
well as distribution of long-lasting insecticide treated mosquito nets
(LLITN) in Karamoja
60
2.6.6 Undertake interventions to improved immunisation coverage in all the
Output 2.7: 2.7.1 Support community groups to drive community mobilisation, education
Adolescent Sexual and and sensitisation of adolescents on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health services to increase access to information and services
services strengthened 2.7.2 Establish youth corners in health centres to promote youth friendly
Sexual and Reproductive Health services in Karamoja
2.7.3 Support Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) training for girls and
senior women teachers, including provision of MHM kits to girls
2.7.4 Improve access to family planning services by creating demand and
providing associated services and commodities
2.7.5 Undertake interventions to improve ANC coverage in Karamoja
2.7.6 Undertake mobilisation and sensitisation of communities on the
dangers of early marriages in Karamoja
2.7.7 Undertake mobilisation and sensitisation on the manifestation of
SGBV and how to mitigate it in homes and institutions of learning
2.7.8 Undertake mobilisation and sensitisation of communities to increase
appreciation of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR),
including family planning services.
Output 2.8: Health 2.8.1 Undertake a mapping of partners and tracking of resources invested
Development Partners and in the health sector in the districts of Karamoja
GOU financial 2.8.2 Support will continue to be provided to health sector planning
commitments align with processes in the districts of Karamoja which involve all partners.
sector priorities 2.8.3 Sensitise communities on pre-payment mechanisms for example
Community Health Insurance Schemes
Output 2.9: Inter-sectoral 2.9.1 Support Multi-sectoral Nutrition Action Plans development in all the
collaboration forums to districts of Karamoja
address the key 2.9.2 Ensure Nutrition interventions have been captured into annual district
determinants of health plans
reactivated and 2.9.3 Ensure Nutrition interventions have been captured in the five-year
institutionalised district development plans
OUTCOME 3: IMPROVED NUTRITION SECURITY FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN AND

THE POOR AND VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS IN KARAMOJA
Under the KIDP2, several interventions were undertaken to increase nutrition security in
Karamoja. By December 2020, 45,880 severely wasted children were provided with timely
therapeutic micro-nutrient fortified food in enough quantities. Up to 231,334 children and 33,892
pregnant & lactating women received supplementary foods. As a consequence of this support
provided during the KIDP2, many lives of previously wasted children, pregnant and lactating
women were saved by simply improving their nutritional status. Without these interventions almost
45% of children in the region could have died as a result of complications related to malnutrition.
Under the KIDP2, the quality of the therapeutic and supplementary foods provided were
monitored during routine and special visits to the districts and health facilities. As a result of this
quality monitoring, most of the severely wasted children managed using quality Ready-to-use
61
Therapeutic Food (RUTF) recovered without any cases of toxicity or other adverse effects related
to the intake of the therapeutic food. Under the KIDP2, up to 231,334 children and 33,892
pregnant & lactating women were supported to receive Maternal Child Health and Nutrition
(MCHN) food rations across the nine districts of Karamoja with support from WFP. This
contributed to the improvement of pregnancy outcomes and keeping children under 2 and
lactating mothers well-nourished and healthy. Community based structures—such as VHTs,
Parish Development Committees (PDCs) and Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) instructors—in all
nine districts of Karamoja were trained on basic nutrition service delivery and in the promotion of
key family care practices. This led to improvement of nutrition practices and behaviours of
caregivers of children under 5 years, women of reproductive age, and other key influencers at
household and community levels.
Despite efforts to increase food production, as well as interventions to increase nutrition security,
Karamoja not only continues to suffer from food insecurity, but also nutrition insecurity. Compared
to other parts of the country, Karamoja region has the highest GAM rates. In some years during
the KIDP2 period, GAM rates in Karamoja were sometimes near emergency thresholds, implying
very high percentages of children with wasting, and this was largely due to high levels of poverty,
poor household food security, and poor access to safe water leading to poor hygiene and ill health.
Karamoja and West Nile have the highest percentages of Ugandan children with wasting (USAID
2019a, 3). Under Outcome 3 of Programme 3 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention
will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 3.1: Timely provision of supplementary and therapeutic micronutrient-fortified food

in sufficient quantities to targeted beneficiaries undertaken
Under the KIDP3, government will continue to provide not only severely wasted children with
timely therapeutic micronutrient fortified food in sufficient quantities, but also provide
supplementary foods to pregnant and lactating women. Government will continue to monitor the
quality of developed food formulation to meet nutrition and quality standards. Nutrition clubs for
improving nutrition in communities will be established and supported. Government will continue
with the timely provision of food in sufficient quantities to beneficiaries (children, pregnant women
and lactating mothers) at MCH and Nutrition Centres. Community based structures to demand
nutrition and other services will be strengthened. Community based structures such as VHTs,
Parish Development Committees (PDCs), Mother Care groups (MCGs), and Functional Adult
Literacy (FAL) instructors in all the nine districts of Karamoja will also be trained on basic nutrition
service delivery and in the promotion of key family care practices. The care group model is part
of the Maternal Infant Young Child Adolescent Nutrition (MIYCAN) delivery structure.
Output 3.2: Sustainable consumption of quality diverse diets among school children in
Karamoja supported all year round
Under the KIDP3, cultivation and consumption of vegetables in all schools in Karamoja will be
supported and encouraged. The consumption of milk and fortified cooking oils will also be
supported in all schools in Karamoja. The production of food for the school feeding programme
62
will also be supported in every district in Karamoja. Sensitisation campaigns will be undertaken
on the relevance of proper nutrition for children in Karamoja. Production of selected nutritious
food crops will be supported in targeted households in the districts of Karamoja. The school
feeding programme will be supported for the timely provision of school meals in sufficient
quantities to targeted school children. The school feeding programme will also be supported in
order to ensure timely provision of a ‘Take Home Ration’ to girls in P4 to P7 on at least 80% of
school days in a term. The school feeding programme will also be supported in order to ensure
for timely provision of a ‘Take Home Ration’ to children attending ECD centres.
Output 3.3: Smallholder households supported to undertake kitchen gardening and small
livestock rearing for improved household nutrition in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, the formation of youth and women groups will be supported to undertake
kitchen gardens for vegetable production. Efforts will be made to popularise kitchen gardens in
Karamoja to ensure it is adopted by every household. Vegetables are easy to grow in backyards,
even where space is limited. Vegetable/kitchen gardening is key to reducing levels of malnutrition.
Demonstration gardens will set up to provide training on kitchen gardening. Basic tools such as
watering cans, etc. will be provided. Support will also be provided to youth and women groups in
Karamoja to produce animal source foods such as rabbits, guinea pigs, poultry etc. Youth and
women groups will be supported to establish kitchen gardens for vegetable production. Farmer
Groups will be trained in horticulture farming, vegetable gardening and small livestock production.
Farmer Groups will be provided with basic equipment and drugs for horticulture farming,
vegetable gardening, and for small livestock such as rabbits, guinea pigs and poultry. Solar driers
will be provided to smallholder farmers for vegetables and horticultural products for value addition
in different parts of Karamoja.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 3 of the KIDP3 Programme 3 on ‘Improved

nutrition security for school children and the poor and vulnerable households in Karamoja’
are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 3: IMPROVED NUTRITION SECURITY FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE POOR AND
VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS IN KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Timely 3.1.1 Provide severely wasted children with timely therapeutic
provision of supplementary micronutrient fortified food in enough quantities
and therapeutic 3.1.2 Provide supplementary foods to pregnant & lactating women in
micronutrient-fortified food Karamoja
in sufficient quantities to 3.1.3 Monitor the quality of developed food formulation available in
targeted beneficiaries Karamoja to ensure that they meet nutrition and quality standards
undertaken 3.1.4 Establish and support nutrition clubs for improving nutrition in
communities in Karamoja
3.1.5 Undertake timely provision of food in sufficient quantities to
beneficiaries (children, pregnant women and lactating mothers) at
MCH and Nutrition Centres in Karamoja
3.1.6 Strengthen community based structures in Karamoja to demand
nutrition and other services
63
3.1.7 Train community based structures such as VHTs, Parish
Development Committees (PDCs), FAL instructors in Karamoja on
basic nutrition service delivery and in the promotion of key family
care practices
Output 3.2: Sustainable 3.2.1 Support cultivation and consumption of vegetables in all schools in
consumption of quality Karamoja
diverse diets among school 3.2.2 Support the consumption of milk and fortified cooking oils in all
children in Karamoja schools in Karamoja
supported all year round 3.2.3 Support production of food for the school feeding programme in
Karamoja, including both plant and animal source foods such as
rabbits, guinea pigs, poultry etc.
3.2.4 Undertake community sensitisation campaigns on the relevance of
proper nutrition for children in Karamoja
3.2.5 Support production of selected nutritious food crops in targeted
households in the districts of Karamoja
3.2.6 Support the school feeding programme in Karamoja to ensure for
timely provision of school meals in sufficient quantities to targeted
school children
3.2.7 Support the school feeding programme in Karamoja to ensure timely
provision of a ‘Take Home Ration’ to girls in P4 to P7 in at least 80%
of school days in a term
3.2.8 Support the school feeding programme in Karamoja to ensure timely
provision of a ‘Take Home Ration’ to children attending ECD centres
Output 3.3: Smallholder 3.3.1 Support formation of youth and women groups in Karamoja for
Households supported to undertaking kitchen gardens for vegetable production
undertake kitchen 3.3.2 Support formation of youth and women groups in Karamoja for
gardening and small production of animal source foods such as rabbits, guinea pigs,
livestock rearing for poultry etc.
improved household 3.3.3 Support youth and women groups in Karamoja to establish kitchen
nutrition in Karamoja gardens for vegetable production, as well as shelters for small
livestock
3.3.4 Train Farmer Groups in Karamoja to undertake horticulture farming,
vegetable gardening, and small livestock production
3.3.5 Provide Farmer Group in Karamoja with basic equipment and drugs
for horticulture farming, vegetable gardening, and small livestock
such as rabbits, guinea pigs and poultry
3.3.6 Provide solar driers to small holder farmers in Karamoja for value
addition to vegetables and horticultural products
64
OUTCOME 4: ENHANCED ACCESS TO SAFE WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
AND IMPROVED WELLBEING OF THE KARAMOJONG
There is ample evidence to suggest that providing safe water to the population improves not only
health, dignity and safety, but also reduces disease burden and mortality rates among children
and adults. Absence of safe and affordable drinking water, and prevalence of poor sanitation and
hygiene, exposes an already vulnerable population to a higher risk of an outbreak of water-borne
diseases (CSBAG 2019, 22). A few urban areas and rural growth centres (RGCs) in Karamoja
have been served by piped water by the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC). In
Karamoja, most safe water for drinking is provided by boreholes in the rural areas. By 2016/7,
92% of the households in Karamoja had access to improved drinking water from mainly boreholes
(UBOS 2017, 140). The proportion of the population that had access to safe water in the districts
of Karamoja in 2017 were as follows: Abim district was 86% (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 38);
Kaabong District was 86% (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 73); Kotido District was 71% (Republic of
Uganda 2017b, 96); Moroto District was 74% (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 117). Nakapiripirit
District was 59% (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 122), and Napak District was 74% (Republic of
Uganda 2017b, 127).
Despite the above average performance of Karamoja in terms of general statistics concerning
access to safe water, water availability, accessibility and utilisation were all still problematic in
Karamoja during the KIDP2. Boreholes, which are the main source of safe drinking water, break
down often due to the high rates of wear. The user fees charged makes the water unaffordable
to those who are too poor. Fees charged for accessing water, or for repairing boreholes when
12
they break down, is a cost that may contribute to keeping some households in poverty.
Boreholes are also mainly concentrated in permanent settlements: herders who spend more time
in the grazing areas have limited or no access to safe drinking water (USAID 2017a, 18). Less
than 10% of households in Karamoja treat their water. Even when coverage in terms of safe water
facilities may have increased, only 17% of Karamojong households use the recommended
minimum amount of water for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene per person per day
(excluding that used for agriculture and livestock needs). The ‘Sphere Standards’ requires an
individual to use at least 15 litres of water per day (Sphere Association 2018; USAID 2017a, 18).
The lack of access to safe drinking water does not only affect the wellbeing of the population in
Karamoja, it also has a security dimension. Deployment of the military in the many places in
Karamoja that are prone to lawlessness has often been hampered by lack of access to safe
drinking water for the military units. Under Outcome 3 of Programme 3 of the KIDP3, the following
areas of intervention will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 4.1: Facilities and infrastructure constructed for increasing access to safe water in
public institutions such as schools, health centres
12
. See https://water.org/our-impact/where-we-work/uganda/
65
Under the KIDP3, at least 30 Piped Water Supply Systems will be designed, constructed and
operationalized for public institutions, such as schools and health centres, in Karamoja to increase
water access. Existing Piped Water Supply Systems for public institutions such as schools and
health centres in Karamoja will also be rehabilitated. In Moroto, for example, the Kakingol health
centre piped water supply system in Katikekile sub-county broke over 5 years ago but
rehabilitation and repair has not been undertaken. Many piped water supply systems are not in
use due to the breakdown of windmills. The installation of solar power on water pumps supplying
water to public institutions such as schools and health centres in Karamoja will be supported. In
addition, District Water Offices will be supported to undertake routine Operation and Maintenance
(O&M) functions of water facilities for public institutions, small towns and RGCs. In collaboration
with stakeholders, such as the Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (WHH), water officers will be trained in
Life Cycle Cost Analysis for water systems. They will also be trained in Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene (WASH) Systems Strengthening Approaches.
Output 4.2: Piped Water Supply systems constructed in small towns and RGCs
Under the KIDP3, at least 14 Piped Water Supply Systems will be designed, constructed and
operationalized for small towns and RGCs in the districts of Karamoja. At least 5 Piped Water
Supply Systems for small towns and RGCs in the districts of Karamoja will be rehabilitated and
expanded. The connection to the national electricity grid of water pumps supplying water to small
towns and RGCs in the districts of Karamoja will be supported. The installation of solar power on
water pumps supplying water to small towns and RGCs in areas of Karamoja without electricity
will also be supported.
Output 4.3: Facilities and infrastructure constructed and maintained properly to increase
access to safe water in rural communities in Karamoja
While the improved access to safe water for human consumption in districts in Karamoja, in both
urban and rural areas, was on account of the increased numbers of boreholes, the rate of break
down was extremely high. The percentage functionality of boreholes in Karamoja was as follows
in the respective districts of Karamoja: 74% in rural areas and 90% in urban areas in Abim, while
106 water points had been abandoned after being non-functional for over 5 years (Republic of
Uganda 2017b, 38); 73% in rural areas and 78% in urban areas in Kaabong, while 160 water
points had been abandoned after being non-functional for over 5 years (Republic of Uganda
2017b, 73); 68% in rural areas and 76% in urban areas in Kotido, while 164 water points had
been abandoned after being non-functional for over 5 years (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 96); 78%
in rural areas and 75% in urban areas in Moroto, while 75 water points had been abandoned after
being non-functional for over 5 years (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 117); 73% in rural areas and
67% in urban areas in Nakapiripirit, while 128 water points had been abandoned after being non-
functional for over 5 years (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 122); 59% in rural areas and 89% in urban
areas in Napak, while 160 water points had been abandoned after being non-functional for over
5 years (Republic of Uganda 2017b, 122).
66
The challenge is to address the high rate not only of attrition of boreholes in Karamoja, but also
abandonment. The former is partly the consequence of the absence of a good O&M system, but
also due to vandalism of pipes. The latter is a combination of several factors: In many places in
Karamoja the water table is too low, to the extent that underground aquifers quickly dry out; in
others areas boreholes have been abandoned because the water is too salty for human
consumption. The above implies that, even if access to safe water in Karamoja is increased
significantly, a lot of effort will be required to sustain the high access levels.
It is proposed under the KIDP3 to not only undertake the rehabilitation of existing boreholes in the
districts of Karamoja—and to undertake the drilling of new boreholes in communities and
institutions (schools and health centres) where they are lacking—but also to put in place properly
functioning O&M systems for the boreholes. This will reduce the rates of non-functionality and
abandonment of boreholes in Karamoja. Initiatives will also be undertaken to protect perennial
springs in greenbelt areas as well as mountain communities. The installation of iron removal
plants will be established in mineralized high yielding boreholes in Karamoja. The capacity of
communities to undertake routine repairs and maintenance of water supply infrastructures such
as boreholes will be strengthened. The formation and functioning of Water Users Committees will
be supported to undertake O&M function at the water facilities. Village hand pump mechanics will
be trained and equipped for repair and maintenance of boreholes when they break down. Low-
cost water purification for human consumption in Karamoja will be supported. All water facilities
in rural communities in Karamoja will be chain-link fenced for security.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 4 of the KIDP3 Programme 3 on ‘Enhanced

access to safe water for human consumption and improved wellbeing of the Karamojong’
OUTCOME 4: ENHANCED ACCESS TO SAFE WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND

IMPROVED WELLBEING OF THE KARAMOJONG
Outputs Activities
Output 4.1: Facilities and 4.1.1 Design, construct and operationalize at least 30 Piped Water Supply
infrastructure constructed Systems for public institutions such as schools, health centres in
for increasing access to Karamoja
safe water in public 4.1.2 Rehabilitate existing Piped Water Supply Systems for public institutions
institutions such as such as schools, health centres in Karamoja
schools, health centres 4.1.3 Support installation of solar power on water pumps supplying water to
public institutions such as schools, health centres in Karamoja
4.1.4 Train and support District Water Offices to undertake life cycle cost
analysis and routine O&M functions for water facilities for public
institutions, small towns and RGCs
Output 4.2: Piped Water 4.2.1 Design, construct and operationalize at least 14 Piped Water Supply
Supply systems Systems for small towns and RGCs in the district of Karamoja
constructed in small 4.2.2 Rehabilitate and expand at least 5 Piped Water Supply Systems for
towns and RGCs small towns and RGCs in the districts of Karamoja
4.2.3 Support connection of water pumps supplying water to small towns and
RGCs in Karamoja to the national electricity grid
67
4.2.4 Support installation of solar power on water pumps supplying water to
small towns and RGCs in areas of Karamoja without electricity
Output 4.3: Facilities and 4.3.1 Undertake the rehabilitation and maintenance of existing boreholes in
infrastructure constructed the districts of Karamoja
and maintained properly 4.3.2 Support the drilling of new boreholes in communities and institutions
to increase access to (schools and health centres) in Karamoja
safe water in rural 4.3.3 Protection of perennial springs in greenbelt areas and mountain
communities in Karamoja communities
4.3.4 Support installation of iron removal plants in mineralized high yielding
boreholes
4.3.5 Strengthen capacity of communities to undertake routine repairs and
maintenance of water supply infrastructures such as boreholes
4.3.6 Support the formation and functioning of Water Users Committees for
undertaking O&M function at the water facilities
4.3.7 Train and equip village hand pump mechanics for repair and
maintenance of boreholes and repair of solar powered technologies
4.3.8 Support low-cost water purification for human consumption, including
promotion of ceramic water filters
4.3.9 Undertake chain-link fencing of all water facilities in rural communities in
Karamoja
OUTCOME 5: IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD AND INSTITUTIONAL SANITATION AND

HYGIENE FOR ENHANCED WELLBEING OF THE KARAMOJONG
While there is a general improvement in hygiene and sanitation practices in most communities in
Karamoja, Karamoja’s performance with regards to adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene
was still the lowest in the entire country, irrespective of the indicator used. In 2016/17, only 33%
of the households in Karamoja (the lowest in the country) were using pit latrines, compared to a
national average of 83%. 65% of the households in Karamoja (the highest in the country) were
using open defecation, compared to a national average of 7% (UBOS 2017, 134). By June 2019,
in Karamoja, only 13% of the population had access to improved sanitation, compared to a
national average of 37.4% in urban areas and 16.6% in rural areas (USAID 2017a, 18). 93% of
the households in Karamoja did not have any hand-washing facilities, compared to 84% at the
national level (with 87% in rural and 77% in urban areas) (UBOS, 2017).
Several interventions were implemented during the KIDP2, including campaigns conducted to
support households to build pit latrines to eradicate open defecation, as well as various
sensitisation and training initiatives on hand-washing. Among other challenges, there are still
widespread cultural and other setbacks to the utilisation and adoption of improved sanitation and
hygiene practices. For example, tradition hold that initiated elders do not share a toilet with the
uninitiated; pregnant women do not use the toilets for fear of the baby falling into the pit latrine;
pits dug are usually very shallow, and fill up quickly. While many campaigns have been held,
without follow-up reversals have been encountered in many areas. In the new settlement villages
spread all-over Karamoja, adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene practices is still minimal.
68
Output 5.1: Infrastructure for improved sanitation and hygiene constructed in small towns
and RGCs
Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to ensure Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrines are
designed and constructed for improved public sanitation in small towns and RGCs in the districts
of Karamoja. One technology that has been developed and found appropriate for Karamoja
following demonstrations by several NGOs in Karamoja is the Dry Compost Toilet technology. It
is cheap and especially appropriate for difficult soil conditions such as those in Karamoja.
Communities will be trained and promoted to construct or rehabilitate and use the traditional pit
latrines using the Community-led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) approach in small towns
and RGCs in Karamoja. The CLTSH approach entails facilitating intended beneficiaries of
planned interventions to spearhead the analysis of their community sanitation and hygiene
challenges in order to come up with a profile, on the basis of which appropriate designs and
models of sanitation facilities and infrastructure are developed and implemented. The percentage
of households in Karamoja using a covered pit latrine with a slab was 9% in 2015, whilst about
42% have a covered pit latrine without a slab. Across the sub-region, 44% of households have no
toilet facilities (using bush/polythene bag/bucket), which is the highest level in Uganda (USAID
2019a, 2).
Under the KIDP3, new micro-solar powered piped water-based sanitation and hygiene systems
will be constructed in small towns and RGCs in Karamoja. All small towns and RGCs in Karamoja
will be equipped with modern hand-washing equipment. O&M systems will be established for
improved sanitation and hygiene system in small towns and RGCs in Karamoja. WASH
Committees will be trained in all districts of Karamoja. Lastly, support will be provided to the
construction of Faecal Sludge Management Plants (FSMP) for district towns in selected districts
in Karamoja.
Output 5.2: Improved Sanitation and hygiene systems constructed/rehabilitated in

educational and health institutions in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, new pit latrines will be constructed for education and health institutions in
Karamoja. All education and health institutions in Karamoja will be equipped with modern hand-
washing equipment. New micro-solar powered piped water-based sanitation and hygiene
systems will be constructed in education and health institutions in Karamoja. The construction
and rehabilitation and use of traditional pit latrines using a CLTSH approach will be undertaken
and equipped. An O&M system for improved sanitation and hygiene system in education and
health institutions in Karamoja will be constructed in each institution within urban areas.
Output 5.3: Community mobilisation, sensitisation, education and awareness campaign on

improved sanitation and hygiene undertaken in communities in Karamoja
The KIDP3 will seek tangible results with regards to increasing sanitation coverage in Karamoja.
To achieve this, the KIDP3 will provide an institutional framework to elicit political commitments
69
from district and sub-county leaders on the adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene practices
in their jurisdictions. Campaigns will be launched in communities to educate and sensitise them
on the minimal standards for hygiene and sanitation in Karamoja. Competitions will be launched
on the adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene practices, and communities will be rewarded
for achieving 100% ‘open-defecation-free’ status. This can best be achieved through promotion
and adoption of a CLTSH approach that ensures inclusive and sustainable access to sanitation
and hygiene services. Under the KIDP3 an attempt will also be made to facilitate the development
of community sanctions and penalties for non-compliance to acceptable sanitation and hygiene
practices, especially open defecation, in a bid to achieve full sanitation coverage by 2040.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 5 of the KIDP3 Programme 3 on ‘Improved

household and institutional sanitation and hygiene for enhanced wellbeing of the
Karamojong’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 5: IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD AND INSTITUTIONAL SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR

ENHANCED WELLBEING OF THE KARAMOJONG
Outputs Activities
Output 5.1: 5.1.1 Design and construct VIP latrines for improved public sanitation in
Infrastructure for improved small towns and RGCs in Karamoja using Dry Compost Toilet
sanitation and hygiene technology
constructed and rehabilitated in 5.1.2 Train and promote the construction/rehabilitation and use of
small towns and RGCs traditional pit latrines using Dry Compost Toilet technology
5.1.3 Construct new micro-solar powered piped water-based sanitation
and hygiene system in small towns and RGCs in Karamoja
5.1.4 Equip all small towns and RGCs in Karamoja with modern hand-
washing equipment
5.1.5 Establish Operation and Maintenance (O&M) systems for
improved sanitation and hygiene system in small towns and
RGCs in Karamoja
5.1.6 Train WASH Committees in all Districts of Karamoja
5.1.7 Support the Construction of Faecal Sludge Management Plants
(FSMP) for district towns in selected districts in Karamoja
Output 5.2: Improved 5.2.1 Construct new pit latrines for education and health institutions in
Sanitation and hygiene Karamoja using Dry Compost Toilet technology
systems constructed/ 5.2.2 Equip all education and health institutions in Karamoja with
rehabilitation in educational modern hand-washing equipment
and health institutions in 5.2.3 Construct new micro-solar powered piped water-based sanitation
Karamoja and hygiene systems in education and health institutions in
Karamoja
5.2.4 Train and promote the construction/rehabilitation and use of
traditional pit latrines using a Community-led Total Sanitation and
Hygiene (CLTSH) approach
5.2.5 Establish Operation and Maintenance (O&M) systems for
improved sanitation and hygiene system in education and health
70
Output 5.3: Community 5.3.1 Launch campaigns to elicit political commitments from district and
Mobilisation, Sensitisation, sub-county leaders on adoption of improved sanitation and
Education and awareness hygiene practices in their jurisdictions
Campaign on improved 5.3.2 Undertake community education and sensitisation on the
Sanitation and Hygiene minimum for sanitation and hygiene standards for households in
undertaken in Communities in Karamoja based on CLTSH approach
Karamoja 5.3.3 Support village competitions on adopting of improved sanitation
and hygiene practices
5.3.4 Facilitate the development of community sanctions and penalties
for non-compliance to acceptable sanitation and hygiene
practices, especially open defecation
2.4 PROGRAMME FOUR: PROMOTING AGRO-INDUSTRIALISATION AND

MANUFACTURING IN KARAMOJA
Agriculture remains the mainstay of livelihoods for the vast majority of Ugandans in rural areas
who engage in primary production and related non-farm activities. The key to rapid socio-
economic transformation rests on unlocking the potential of agriculture through aggressive
industrialisation. This will enable the population engaged in farm and non-farm rural economic
activities to earn higher incomes and employment (Republic of Uganda 2021c, 16). Developing
agro-based industries in Karamoja is in line with government policy for achieving regionally
balanced growth, in which development of value chain enterprises is being diversified beyond the
Central Corridor of Malaba – Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) – Mbarara, to create
additional corridors of growth in order to spread out economic development (Republic of Uganda
2021c, 24).
Programme 4 of the KIDP3 is aligned to the Agro-industrialisation programme of the NDPIII that
seeks to: increase commercialisation and competitiveness of agricultural production and agro-
processing to stimulate the growth rate of the agricultural sector; boost agricultural output and
productivity to reduce the incidence of food insecurity at household level in Karamoja; as well as
create jobs while increasing the productivity of labour in the agro-industrial value chain (Republic
of Uganda 2020b). It also aligned with the NDPIII objective of strengthening the role of
government in increasing access to market opportunities in national and international markets
(Republic of Uganda 2020b). The objective of programme 4 of the KIDP3 is to achieve prosperity
for the Karamojong by helping them acquire the means to create wealth for themselves through
undertaking interventions that multiply jobs for the local people, while the UPDF and its auxiliaries
concentrate on ensuring peace and security in Karamoja.
In order to achieve ‘Promoting Agro-Industrialisation and Manufacturing in Karamoja’ under

Programme 4 of the KIDP3, the following two outcomes will be pursued, namely:
Outcome 1: Agro-processing and value addition enterprises promoted for socio-

economic transformation of Karamoja
71
Outcome 2: Manufacturing enterprises established for increased employment and
income opportunities for the people of Karamoja
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these two outcomes on the basis of which the
OUTCOME 1: AGRO-PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION ENTERPRISES

PROMOTED FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF KARAMOJA
During the KIDP2, support was also provided to selected value addition enterprises such as honey
harvesting, processing and packaging. Support for value addition enterprises were too far apart
and isolated, without any appropriate linkages along the respective value chains. For example,
under KIDP2, the investment that stands out most as support provided for agro-processing and
value addition was the investment that was made in an NGO in Kotido, which was given a honey
extractor with a capacity of 100kg per hour. These one-off and stand-alone interventions usually
have very minimal impact to the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja. Under Outcome 1
of Programme 4 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention will, in collaboration with the
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Co-operatives (MTICs), be pursued to achieve results under the
respective outputs:
Output 1.1: Agro-processing and value addition promoted in districts of Karamoja
The KIDP3 will support the establishment of strong linkages between smallholder farmers, agro-
processors and market operators to remove the role of middlemen who often cheat farmers. The
MTICs will extend the Rural Industrial Development Programme to Karamoja to prepare
communities to undertake interventions in value addition and marketing. Strong farmer groups
whose products meet standards required in the local and even international markets will be
supported. Support will also be given for the establishment and operationalization of smallholder
livestock marketing co-operatives at sub-county levels to lobby for better prices for livestock
products. This will be coordinated with the relevant stakeholders or sector heads from the
districts/sub-counties. Access to subsidised quality inputs and key output markets for small-scale
farmers will be increased. Efforts will be made to identify more market opportunities and product
niches along the value chain, to make it possible to start market exchanges and negotiate
contractual agreements. Households in Karamoja will be trained in adding value to livestock
through fattening programmes. Farmer groups and Private Cereal Traders will be trained in cereal
bulking and warehousing, according to standard warehousing and warehouse management
protocols, to qualify for value addition for export. Parish level produce warehouses will be
constructed and equipped for organised large-scale farmers and farmer groups. Farmers and
farmer organisations will be linked to financial service providers for accessing value addition
equipment and infrastructure, based on a clear understanding of obligations of farmers as stated
in MoUs or agreements written in local languages.
Output 1.2: Development of cottage industries in Karamoja supported
72
The development of cottage industries in Karamoja is at the heart of the socio-economic
transformation of Karamoja. Cottage industries are types of industries that add value
to agricultural products by processing and producing usable and marketable products, without
depending on complicated and sophisticated machinery and equipment. They are largely
dependent on manually driven machines, which means they are highly labour absorbing. Under
the KIDP3, support will be provided to carefully selected local entrepreneurs to acquire skills for
commercial production of ornamental products from locally processed hides and skins such as
bags, belts, sandals, purses, etc. Youth and women groups in Karamoja will be trained to acquire
skills for processing of goat/sheep skins and cattle hides into raw materials for leather product
manufacturers. The selection of youth for support will target those with a vocation in a particular
trade. Skilled youth with physical disabilities, or those living with HIV/AIDS, will be given
preferential consideration during selection for support. The entrepreneurs who manufacture
ornamental products from hides and skins will have a local source of their raw materials, while
the youth and women groups who process the hides and skins will have a ready market for their
products. This will significantly build an integrated local economy. Youth and women groups in
Karamoja will also be trained to add value to milk through processing of different dairy products.
Opportunities exist in operating meat butcheries and dealing in hides and skins and their allied
products such as hand-made belts, bags, shoes, sandals, caps, traditional dresses, armlets,
drums, stools, etc.
The honey that is sold in Karamoja is at best raw and rudimentary, and yet there are multiple
products which can be obtained from bee’s wax and honey, from which hundreds of individuals
could generate not only employment, but also increased incomes. Under the KIDP3, efforts will
be made to support the development of cottage industries around the honey value chain, including
the manufacture of honey alcoholic beverages (including wine and honey), honey vinegar, wax
candles, honey comb wax, and honey medicinal and beauty products from bees propolis, etc.
Under the KIDP3, local entrepreneurs will be identified, trained, equipped and supported to
undertake the manufacture of commercial confectionaries and bakery products in Karamoja. Such
initiatives will reduce the vulnerability of the Karamojong to food insecurity because available
cereals can be transformed into different food products, such as different types of confectionaries
and bread, on which many food-stressed populations in dryland areas survive in other parts of
Africa and the world.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 4 on ‘Agro-

processing and value addition enterprises promoted for socio-economic transformation
of Karamoja’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: AGRO-PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION ENTERPRISES PROMOTED FOR

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Agro-processing 1.1.1 Create a forum for smallholder farmers, agro-processors and
and Value addition promoted market operators for strengthening linkages
in districts of Karamoja 1.1.2 Support establishment and operationalization of smallholder
livestock marketing co-operatives at sub-county levels to lobby for
better prices for livestock products
73
1.1.3 Increase access to subsidised quality input and key output markets
for small-scale farmers in Karamoja
1.1.4 Identify and negotiate contractual agreements for marketing value-
added livestock products
1.1.5 Train households in Karamoja to add value to livestock through
fattening programmes
1.1.6 Train Farmer Groups and Private Cereal Traders in cereal bulking
and warehousing according to standard warehousing and
warehouse management protocols to qualify for value addition for
export
1.1.7 Construct and equip parish-level produce ware houses for
organised large scale farmers and farmer groups
1.1.8 Link farmers and farmer organisations to financial service providers
for accessing value addition equipment and infrastructure, with
agreements made in local languages
Output 1.2: Development of 1.2.1 Support local entrepreneurs in acquiring skills for commercial
Cottage industries in production of ornamental products from locally processed hides
Karamoja supported and skins such as bags, belts, sandals, purses, etc.
1.2.2 Train youth and women groups in Karamoja to acquire skills for
processing of goat/sheep skins and cattle hides into raw materials
for leather product manufacturers
1.2.3 Train youth and women groups in Karamoja to add value to milk
through processing of different dairy products
1.2.4 Support the development cottage industries around the honey
value chain supported
1.2.5 Train, equip and support local entrepreneurs in manufacturer of
commercial confectionaries and bakery products in Karamoja
OUTCOME 2: MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHED FOR INCREASED

EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PEOPLE OF KARAMOJA
In his State of Nation address of 2021, President Museveni highlighted several measures
government was taking to tackle the three key bottlenecks to manufacturing which constrain
efficiency and increase production costs. These are: high interest rates on capital; the high cost
of transportation of raw materials; and the high cost of electricity (Republic of Uganda 2021b, 14).
The construction of an industrial park is underway in Moroto. Significant investments have been
made to improve road transport in Karamoja, including construction of tarmac roads. Karamoja
has been connected to the national electricity grid, and efforts are underway to extend a high
voltage line dedicated to the development of industries in Karamoja. The KIDP3 will, under
outcome 2 of programme 4, pursue interventions seeking the establishment of manufacturing
enterprises in Karamoja. The following areas of intervention will be undertaken under the
respective outputs:
Output 2.1: Establishment of import substituting manufacturing enterprises in Karamoja

supported
74
Under the KIDP3, an economic profile for Karamoja, highlighting the economic potential of the
region and the investment opportunities available to attract investment, will be prepared. In a bid
to support the development of manufacturing, enterprises intending to set up shop in Karamoja
will be trained on manufacturing quality and standards. This will be undertaken in collaboration
with Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS). For import substituting enterprises, under the
KIDP3, government will seek the establishment of agro-processing industries in at least two
districts, one in South and another in North Karamoja. This may either be a new enterprise, or an
already existing enterprise, which will be encouraged to establish a satellite manufacturing outlet
in Karamoja. Government will also explore the opportunities for establishment of the following
manufacturing industries in Karamoja: (a) a plant for cooling and processing milk into ghee and
yoghurt; and (b) a mineral water bottling factory. These factories will be established to supply the
domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring districts. A plant for processing hides and skins,
including leather tanning, will be established to supply raw materials to the leather industry in
other parts of Uganda.
In his 2021 State of Nation address, President Museveni has urged livestock farmers to keep
high-quality standards and heed to safety concerns in order to benefit the most from marketing of
livestock products locally and globally (Republic of Uganda 2021b, 11). Live animals and meat
from Karamoja have to conform to recommended Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) in
order for it to have an edge over competition from suppliers in other parts of the country for both
national and international markets. It is acknowledged that beef from cattle originating from
Karamoja is the best lean meat, whose demand on the international market is unrivalled. Under
the KIDP3, farmers and producers will be trained on SPS for producing livestock and livestock
products for national and international markets. In addition, selected households and Micro Small
and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) will be trained to participate in import-substitution
manufacturing enterprises, such as liquid soap making for supplying the domestic market in
Karamoja and neighbouring districts. Other enterprises that will be supported include: small to
medium scale welding enterprises and small to medium scale carpentry and joinery enterprises.
These too will target the domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring districts.
Output 2.2: Moroto/Napak industrial park developed for the rapid industrialisation of
Karamoja
In order to support rapid industrialisation in Karamoja, government will support the development
of the physical and other infrastructure in the Moroto/Napak Industrial Park. Prospective
investment firms will be attracted to undertake manufacturing in Karamoja. Government will also
support the establishment of business incubation hubs in Karamoja. The construction of border
export markets in Kaabong, Moroto and Amudat will be supported. The establishment of at least
one medium to large enterprise for the processing and re-cycling of paper will be supported in
Karamoja, in addition to at least one medium to large enterprise for the processing and re-cycling
of plastic materials in Karamoja.
75
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 4 on
‘Manufacturing enterprises established for increased employment and income
opportunities for the people of Karamoja’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 2: MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHED FOR INCREASED EMPLOYMENT

AND INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PEOPLE OF KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: 2.1.1 Prepare an economic profile for Karamoja highlighting the economic potential
Establishment of of the region and the investment opportunities available to attract investment
Import Substituting 2.1.2 Train business and manufacturing enterprises in each district on business
Manufacturing quality and standards
Enterprises in 2.1.3 Establish a plant for cooling and processing milk into ghee and yoghurt in
Karamoja supported Karamoja for supplying the domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring
districts
2.1.4 Establish a plant for processing hides and skins, including leather tanning in
Karamoja for supplying raw materials to the leather industry in other parts of
Uganda
2.1.5 Provide incentives for the establishment of a mineral water bottling factory in
Moroto to supply the domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring districts
2.1.6 Train farmers and producers on sanitary and phytosanitary standards for
producing livestock and livestock products for national and international
markets
2.1.7 Train selected households and MSMEs in liquid soap making for supplying
the domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring districts
2.1.8 Provide incentives for the establishment of small to medium scale welding
enterprises for supplying the domestic market in Karamoja and neighbouring
districts
2.1.9 Provide incentives for the establishment of small to medium scale carpentry
and joinery enterprises for supplying the domestic market in Karamoja and
neighbouring districts
Output 2.2: 2.2.1 Develop the physical and other infrastructure in the Moroto/Napak Industrial
Moroto/Napak Park and attract prospective investment firms to undertake manufacturing in
industrial park Karamoja
developed for the 2.2.2 Support the establishment of business incubation hubs in two districts of
rapid industrialisation Karamoja, one in the north and another in the south
of Karamoja 2.2.3 Support the construction of border export markets Kaabong, Moroto and
Amudat districts
2.2.4 Support the establishment of at least 1 medium to large enterprise for the
processing and re-cycling of paper in Karamoja
2.2.5 Support at least 1 medium to large enterprise for the processing and re-
cycling of plastic materials in Karamoja
2.5 PROGRAMME FIVE: UNDERTAKING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND

MINERAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARAMOJA
76
Significant investment has been undertaken by government to extend electricity to Karamoja.
Karamoja was connected to the national electricity grid in 2013, and thereafter electricity
connections were extended to several district towns, namely Abim, Napak, Moroto and
Nakapiripirit. Most of these connections are still concentrated in the urban areas. Many
households have not yet been connected to the grid. Besides, its cost is still beyond the capacity
of the ordinary population to afford. In 2016/17 Uganda National Housing Survey (UNHS), stated
that Karamoja, with 1%, had the lowest percentage of households that used grid electricity for
lighting in the country. At 41%, Karamoja had the highest percentage of households that used
‘other’ sources of energy for lighting, including firewood, cow dung and grass/reeds (UBOS 2017,
127). Other available sources of energy, such as liquefied petroleum gas, are also still far too
expensive for the people of Karamoja.13
Programme 5 of the KIDP3 focuses on ‘Undertaking Sustainable Energy and Mineral

Development in Karamoja’, which seeks in outcome 1 for ‘fully harnessing the sustainable
energy potential of Karamoja’; and in Outcome 2; ‘the sustainable exploitation of Karamoja’s
mineral wealth for strengthened resilience of Karamojong livelihoods’, and is consistent with
the NDPIII programme on mineral development. The latter aims to ‘increase mineral
exploitation and value addition in selected resources for quality and gainful jobs in
industrialisation’. It is also consistent with the NDPIII programme on Energy Development, which
seeks to increase access to and consumption of clean energy’ (Republic of Uganda 2020b).
The mining industry is a major contributor to Uganda’s economy because its contribution to the
GDP almost doubled, from 1.1% in 2016/17 to 2.3% in 2020/21 (Republic of Uganda 2021c, 6).
Significant investments have been undertaken by government and private sector actors in
commercial mining activities as well as artisanal mineral extraction in Karamoja during the KIDP2.
Benefits accruing to Karamojong from employment opportunities offered by the large-scale mining
operations are still limited. The limited number of Karamojong involved in small-scale artisanal
mining have been offered alternative sources of income to their households, many of which may
lost their livestock to raiding activities or the outbreak of livestock diseases. The income streams
accruable to artisanal and small-scale miners are still meagre. There is no reason why the
Karamojong should continue only selling raw minerals, and hence miss out on opportunities for
higher incomes and increased employment, and improved general wellbeing. Under programme
5 of the KIDP3, which seeks to ‘undertake sustainable energy and mineral development in
Karamoja’, the following two outcomes will be pursued, namely:
13
. See ‘Mining: Moroto district battling environmental degradation’, The Independent, October 8, 2019. Available at:
https://www.independent.co.ug/mining-moroto-district-battling-environmental-degradation/.
77
Outcome 1: The sustainable energy potential of Karamoja harnessed fully for
improved wellbeing of the population
Outcome 2: Karamoja’s mineral wealth exploited sustainably for strengthened
resilience of livelihoods of the population
OUTCOME 1: THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF KARAMOJA

HARNESSED FULLY FOR IMPROVED WELLBEING OF THE POPULATION
Much efforts were undertaken by the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) to connect as many
households, business and institutions to the national electricity grid in Karamoja as possible
during the implementation of the KIDP2. During the KIDP2, a total of 4,174 connections to the
national grid were made in Moroto district (39 were commercial enterprises; 2,001 were domestic
consumption; 5 were for street lighting, and 4 for medium industrial enterprises). In Nakapiripirit
district, a total of 1,110 connections were made to the national grid, including the following: 30 for
commercial enterprises; 1,079 were domestic consumption; and 1 for a medium industrial
enterprise). In Abim district, a total of 778 connections were made to the national grid, including
10 for commercial enterprises and 768 were domestic consumption. In Kotido district, a total of
238 connections were made to the national grid, including 3 for commercial enterprises and 235
were domestic consumption. In many emerging urban centres, where connection to the national
grid has been undertaken, many business and commercial enterprises have been established
ranging from grind milling, welding plants, salons, video vending outlets, restaurants,
hospitals/health units, schools, among others. The connections have contributed to the
transformation of many Karamojong communities.
In Karamoja electricity is concentrated in the district towns and RGCs. The overall the level of
utilisation of electricity not only for lighting but also cooking and industry is still very low. Partly,
this is because electricity is still fairly over-priced for average Karamojong, and the infrastructure
required for wiring a house and connecting it to the supply mains is also cost prohibitive. As a
consequence, many households are still dependent on other sources of energy for cooking as
well as lighting, including firewood and charcoal, which is unsustainable for an ecologically
stressed region like Karamoja. The use of firewood and charcoal for cooking is one of the leading
drivers of environmental degradation in Karamoja (Nakalembe, Dempewolf and Justice 2017, 10).
This is because 95% of the households in Karamoja (the highest in the country) get firewood from
the bush/forest. At 1%, Karamoja has the lowest percentage of households that reported getting
firewood from their own plantations/woodlots as the primary source of their firewood (UBOS 2017,
129-130).
There is enormous potential in Karamoja for the development of Solar Photo-Voltaic and solar
thermal power energy systems. Karamoja has a high solar energy potential with a mean solar
radiation of between 5.6 and 6.8-kilowatt hour per square metre (kWh/m2) per day on a horizontal
surface available for most of the year. Karamoja also has a wind speed average of 3.5 meters per
second (m/s), which is the highest anywhere in the whole of Uganda (UNDP 2015). Karamoja
78
also has a huge potential for development of biogas from the large livestock populations in the
region. Other available sources of energy such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are also still
14
way too expensive for the people of Karamoja. All these potentials have not yet been fully
explored, as most are raw and untapped (USAID 2019a, 5).
There are enormous opportunities for exploiting fully the renewable energy potential of Karamoja
in a highly sustainable manner. This has however not yet been taken full advantage of, whether
for lighting or cooking, at both the domestic and institutional levels. Among others, the renewable
energy potential in Karamoja includes wind energy, solar and biogas. While some efforts have
been attempted to harness wind energy, there are not many initiatives to exploit solar and biogas,
and yet Karamoja has both sunlight and livestock from which the renewable energy can be
generated in abundance.
Output 1.1: Increased connections to the National Electricity Grid in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, electricity from the national grid will be extended to all public institutions,
including sub-county headquarters, Health Centres, as well as primary and secondary schools.
Electricity will be extended to all the district and sub-county headquarters in Karamoja.
Accelerated rural electrification will be supported to increase electricity access to all public
institutions, small towns and RGCs in Karamoja. Continuous community sensitisation on the
importance of electricity and its dangers in Karamoja will be undertaken in different communities
of Karamoja.
Output 1.2: Increased investment in renewable clean energy sources in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, a solar powered station will be constructed for feeding into the national grid in
Karamoja as a pilot. As this is a high-capital investment, it should be run under a Public-Private
partnership (PPP), and a high price per kWh fed into the grid must be guaranteed for at least 10
years. A solar-powered system will be constructed for lighting public institutions in Karamoja. In
case a public institution is connected to the electricity grid, solar should act only as a stand-by in
case of power cuts. Funds for maintenance, repairs and change of batteries must be provided. At
least 3 mini solar piped water supply systems will be constructed per district in Karamoja. Existing
solar systems in public institutions in districts in Karamoja will be repaired. The construction of at
least 5 windmills in each district in Karamoja will be supported. Mechanical windmills in Karamoja
have proved too expensive to maintain in Karamoja. Small wind turbines (wind battery chargers)
will be tested. The repair of existing mechanical windmills in the districts of Karamoja will involve
installation of wind turbine technology. The accelerated training of the construction of biogas
14
. See ‘Mining: Moroto district battling environmental degradation’, The Independent, October 8, 2019. Available at:
https://www.independent.co.ug/mining-moroto-district-battling-environmental-degradation/.
79
production infrastructure for domestic and institutional use in Karamoja will also be supported,
drawing lessons from past such initiatives which did not generate much interest in Karamoja.
Output 1.3: Adoption of clean energy technologies promoted in communities and public
Under the KIDP3, the construction of energy efficient cook stoves in public (education and health)
institutions in Karamoja will be supported. Support will be provided for procuring and re-selling at
subsidised rates of equipment for energy efficient cooking in Karamoja. Local artisans will be
trained in the making and repair of energy efficient cook stoves in Karamoja. The use of biogas
for cooking and lighting in communities and public institutions in Karamoja will also be promoted.
Under the KIDP3, incentives will be provided for the establishment of facilities for recycling
biomass waste into briquettes to replace charcoal, to supply the domestic market in Karamoja
and neighbouring districts. These briquettes are a good replacement for charcoal in stoves. In
future, special stoves will be designed for these briquettes.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 5 on ‘the

sustainable energy potential of Karamoja harnessed fully for improved wellbeing of
the population’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF KARAMOJA HARNESSED FULLY

FOR IMPROVED WELLBEING OF THE POPULATION
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Increased 1.1.1 Extend electricity from the national grid to all public institutions, including
connections to the sub-county headquarters, Health Centres, as well as primary and
National Electricity Grid secondary schools
in Karamoja 1.1.2 Extend electricity to all the district and sub-county headquarters in
Karamoja
1.1.3 Support accelerated rural electrification to increase electricity access to
all public institutions, small towns and RGCs in Karamoja
1.1.4 Undertake continuous community sensitisation on the importance of
electricity and its dangers in Karamoja
Output 1.2: Increased 1.2.1 Construct a solar powered station for feeding into the National Grid in
investment in Karamoja
renewable clean energy 1.2.2 Construct a solar powered system for lighting public institutions in
sources in Karamoja Karamoja
1.2.3 Construct at least 3 mini solar piped water supply systems per district in
Karamoja
1.2.4 Repair existing solar systems in public institutions in districts in Karamoja
1.2.5 Support the construction of at least 5 windmills in each district in
Karamoja
1.2.6 Support the repair of existing windmills in the districts of Karamoja
1.2.7 Support accelerated training of the construction of biogas production
infrastructure for domestic and institutional use in Karamoja, drawing
lesson from past experiences
80
Output 1.3: Adoption of 1.3.1 Support construction of energy efficient cook stoves in public (education
clean energy and health) institutions in Karamoja
technologies promoted 1.3.2 Procure and re-sell at subsidised rates equipment for energy efficient
in communities and cooking in Karamoja
public institutions in 1.3.3 Train local artisans in the making and repair of energy efficient cook
Karamoja stoves in Karamoja
1.3.4 Promote use of biogas for cooking and lighting in communities and public
1.3.5 Provide incentives for the establishment of facilities for recycling biomass
waste into briquettes to replace charcoal, to supply the domestic market
in Karamoja and neighbouring districts
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJA’S MINERAL WEALTH EXPLOITED SUSTAINABLY

FOR STRENGTHENED RESILIENCE OF KARAMOJONG LIVELIHOODS
Although the harsh physical and ecological conditions in Karamoja are associated with the high
levels of absolute poverty, the region portends significant economic potential for the country
because of the rich natural resource wealth in terms of both above ground and below ground
resources. Karamoja possess the highest livestock per capita in Uganda. Karamoja is richly
endowed with more than 50 commercially viable minerals, including oil, limestone, marbles, gold,
natural gas, among others. This means, if properly harnessed, Karamoja has great potential to
rapidly industrialise and socio-economically transform, in ways that can drive the economic
development of the country.
While the policy and legal regulatory framework for mining activities in Uganda is being reviewed,
the mining sector in Karamoja has attracted formally registered international and local commercial
companies involved in large-scale but minimal capital investment mining operations, as well as
unregistered Artisanal and Small-scale Miners (ASM). Thousands of people from mainly within
Karamoja, but also from neighbouring districts, are said to be involved in ASM using very
rudimentary technology, including not only adults (men and women) but also children. Most of the
Karamojong involved in ASM have lost all their livestock and mining offers them a last resort
source of livelihood. They eke out a living from either directly participating in mining, or offering
cheap but hard labour in extremely hazardous, exploitative and poorly regulated operations at
mining sites, for large scale commercial mining enterprises or other ASM. Both commercial mining
operations and ASM do not make any considerations to ensure the fragile physical environment
of Karamoja is protected during mining operations, or is restored after operations have ended. No
interventions are undertaken to mitigate the social, cultural and other effects of the extractive
mining operations. Limited value addition takes place in Karamoja, as all the minerals extracted
are exported to other parts of the country in their raw form. This means that Karamoja misses out
on the benefits of employment from mineral processing for value addition; the additional revenues
from taxes exacted on value addition, and the economic dividends from increased manufacturing
and spin-off activities such as accommodation, eating houses and entertainment industry (see
USAID 2019; UNDP 2018; ACEMP 2017; Namutebi 2017; Saferworld 2017a, 2017b; Houdet et
al 2014; Hinton et al).
81
Minerals belong to the state, and the owners of the land beneath which the minerals are situated
often obtain only liminal benefits from their commercial extraction. There is need for a
conversation that enables land owners to concretely appreciate how exploitation of these minerals
also unambiguously benefits them directly. Mining activities are, according to the current Mining
Act of 2003, centrally regulated, which leaves very limited roles to district local governments.
While it is stipulated in Section 98(2) that the central government gets 80% of proceeds from
mineral as royalties, local government 17%, and the landowners or lawful occupants of the land
3%, it is not clear in the Act how land owners can follow up with the investors and the responsible
central government agencies to get their share (UNDP 2018; ACEMP 2017; Saferworld, 2017b).
Access to many of the areas where mining activities are taking place is no longer permissible for
any community activities, such as grazing or the collection of grass, building materials and
firewood. Trust between communities and the centre on the subject of minerals is very low. District
leaders in the past have had to obtain clearance from the centre to access some mining sites.
Large areas previously accessible and available for grazing of livestock are no longer suitable
because of degradation and land use change (see Interest Group on Grazing Areas 2017, 16).
The principle of the KIDP3 is to ensure any form of exploitation of the mineral wealth ought to
leave not only the people of Karamoja in better living conditions than they were before extraction
or prospecting commenced, but also the natural resources in the areas surrounding mineral
prospecting or extraction sites is better than when they found them. The motive is to ensure future
generation in Karamoja will find less destruction of the physical environment.
Output 2.1: Increased investment in mineral prospecting, extraction and processing

ventures in Karamoja promoted
Under the KIDP3, continuous community mobilisation and sensitisation on polices and laws
governing mining activities in Karamoja will be undertaken. Plans are in advanced stages to
establish the Moroto cement factory. The establishment and operationalization of this factory will
be supported to create more opportunities for increased employment for the people of Karamoja.
To the extent that the cement factory is a PPP undertaking, OPM/MfKA will, in collaboration with
the MEMD, ensure a proper Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), including impacts on water
and air pollution, is carried out, and its report published and discussed. This is intended to ensure
that international environmental standards are adhered to. Commitment by the management of
the planned factory to fulfilling its corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to support the
population via schools, health centres, school fees, investments in agriculture and tree planting
etc. should be extracted beforehand. There should also be a commitment on how many jobs will
be created including those for the local Karamojong population.
Efforts will be made to establish a mineral beneficiation centre in Moroto for increased skills
enhancement and employment creation in Karamoja. The establishment and functioning of formal
institutional mechanisms for managing conflicts between mining investors and local communities
over access to land and royalties will be supported. The enforcement of post-closure management
82
plans for land rehabilitation and restoration after closure of mining operations, to prevent
environmental degradation in Karamoja, has become problematic because of a lack of interest by
mining investors and difficulty in enforcing restoration activities. To address this challenge, under
the KIDP3, mining investors will be required to invest in a fund for undertaking land rehabilitation
and restoration after closure of mining operations as part of post-closure management plans. This
fund will be paid to communities to carry out the rehabilitation and restoration activities. This will
create employment for youth in local communities.
Efforts will also be made to enforce the national content policy to enable more Karamojong to
supply goods and services in all mineral investments in Karamoja. The establishment of a
transparent and effective regional mechanism for accounting for, and distribution of, proceeds
from mineral royalties at district and community levels to reduce discontent will be supported. The
enforcement of mandatory requirements by mining investors to undertake meaningful
consultations at district, sub-county and community levels before commencement of operations
to harmonise expectations will be advocated for.
Output 2.2: Increased investment in sustainable Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) in
Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, artisanal and small-scale miners will be mobilised and sensitised on various
aspects of their mining operations. The establishment, training and equipping of artisanal and
small-scale miners’ Producer Co-operatives on bulking their products will be supported. Artisanal
and small-scale miners in Karamoja will be trained and equipped to undertake efficient and
effective mineral prospecting and extraction. Artisanal and small-scale miners in Karamoja will be
trained on mineral beneficiation and equip them to make high value products. Artisanal and small-
scale miners’ Producer Co-operatives will be supported to undertake environmental restoration
and rehabilitation activities in their areas of operation, including pit-refilling, tree planting, etc.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 5 on ‘Karamoja’s

mineral wealth exploited sustainably for strengthened resilience of livelihoods of the
population’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJA’S MINERAL WEALTH EXPLOITED SUSTAINABLY FOR

STRENGTHENED RESILIENCE OF LIVELIHOODS OF THE POPULATION
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Increased 2.1.1 Undertake continuous community mobilisation and sensitisation
investment in mineral of polices and laws governing mining activities in Karamoja
prospecting, extraction and 2.1.2 Support the establishment and operationalization of Moroto
processing ventures in Cement Factory
Karamoja promoted 2.1.3 Establish a mineral beneficiation centre in Moroto for increased
skills enhancement and employment creation in Karamoja
2.1.4 Support establishment and functioning of formal institutional
mechanisms for managing conflicts between mining investors
and local communities over access to land and royalties
83
2.1.5 Establish a mechanism where mining investors fund
communities to undertake land rehabilitation and restoration
after closure of mining operations as part of post-closure
management plans
2.1.6 Enforce the national content policy to enable more Karamojong
to supply goods and services in all mineral investments in
Karamoja
2.1.7 Support the establishment of a transparent and effective
regional mechanism for accounting for and distribution of
proceeds from mineral royalties at district and community levels
to reduce discontents
2.1.8 Advocate for enforcement of mandatory requirements by
mining investors to undertake meaningful consultations at
district, sub-county and community levels before
commencement of operations to increase transparency and
harmonise expectations
Output 2.2: Increased 2.2.1 Mobilise and sensitise artisanal and small-scale miners on
investment in sustainable various aspects of their mining operations
Artisanal and Small-scale 2.2.2 Support the establishment, training and equipping of artisanal
Mining (ASM) in Karamoja and small-scale miners’ Producer Co-operatives on bulking
supported. their products
2.2.3 Train and equip artisanal and small-scale miners in Karamoja to
undertake efficient and effective mineral prospecting and
extraction
2.2.4 Train artisanal and small-scale miners in Karamoja on mineral
beneficiation and equip them to make high value products
2.2.5 Support artisanal and small-scale miners’ Producer Co-
operatives to undertake environmental restoration and
rehabilitation activities in their areas of operation, including pit-
refilling, tree planting, etc.
84
2.6 PROGRAMME SIX: INVESTING IN TOURISM, TRADE AND CO-
OPERATIVES DEVELOPMENT IN KARAMOJA
Statistics from the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) show that
as a result of the sustained investments in the development and rehabilitation of tourism
infrastructure and tourism product diversification in the country, annual foreign exchange earnings
from tourism increased from US$ 1.35 million in 2015 to US$ 1.6 billion in 2018. Annual tourist
arrivals also increased from 1.3 million to 1.5 million during the same period (Republic of Uganda
2021c, 7). A sizeable amount of this revenue is earned on account of Karamoja’s rich tourism
potential. In terms of biological diversity, Karamoja is the home of one of the country’s most
beautiful national parks, Kidepo National Park; 13 Central Forest Reserves (CFRs), and three
Wildlife Reserves. Karamoja’s dry montane forests and savannah grasslands contain rare and
restricted-range species not found in other parts of Uganda (USAID 2014, 7). Kidepo National
Park is home to 472 species of birds; 86 species of mammals, of which 28 (including Cheetah)
are not found in any other parks in Uganda; and 192 trees species. Ecosystem goods and services
include watershed values, tourism, and traditional grazing grounds for the pastoralists who are
allowed regulated entry during the dry season (USAID 2014, 9). In August 2018, Kidepo Valley
15
National Park recognised as the 3rd Best among Africa’s top 10 best safari parks by CNN.
Significant investments have been undertaken by government and development partners in

seeking alternative sources of income for the Karamojong. This includes the opening up of
Karamoja to trade and commerce and commercial business enterprises, such as tourism
activities, to benefit many of those who had been disarmed or had lost most of their livestock from
armed conflicts (raids and disarmament operations) or livestock diseases, leading to a new sense
of optimism in the future of Karamoja. While international tourism is lucrative, it yields the highest
returns on investment during two peak periods, i.e. from December to February and from June to
September (UNDP 2016, i). One of the ways the KIDP3 seeks to respond to calls by H.E. the
President, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni for ensuring that all Ugandans in general, and the
Karamojong in particular, “join the money economy and get out of ‘okukolera ekidda kyoonka …”
(Republic of Uganda 2021b, 9) is by strengthening the household economy in Karamoja through
diversification of economic opportunities. This will happen through investing in the development
of the full potential of Karamoja’s alternative tourism opportunities; supporting business skills and
enterprise development in Karamoja to create a competitive business environment for the
improvement of the welfare of Karamojong; strengthening crop and livestock marketing systems
and enterprises in order to leverage increased household incomes among the Karamojong; and
supporting the development of production and savings co-operatives in Karamoja.
The KIDP3 will, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA) seek
to develop alternative tourism products to attract not only the local tourism market, but also to
remain attractive to international tourism during the lean tourism seasons. Programme 6 of the
KIDP3 generally aims to increase ‘investments in the development of Tourism, Trade and Co-
operatives in Karamoja’. Specifically, it seeks: (a) development of Karamoja’s alternative tourism
15
. See Uganda Tourism Board (UTB), available at: https://utb.go.ug/page/awards-and-recognition.
85
potential for enhanced community empowerment and social transformation; (b) support for the
development of business skills and enterprises in Karamoja; (c) strengthening crop and livestock
marketing systems and enterprises in Karamoja; and (d) support for the development of
production and savings co-operatives in Karamoja. This brings the KIDP3 in line with the NDPIII
programme on Tourism Development which aims to ‘increase Uganda’s attractiveness as a
preferred tourist destination, as well as increase incomes and employment in the tourism sector’
(Republic of Uganda 2020b).
In order to realise the objectives of ‘investing in tourism, trade and co-operatives

development in Karamoja’ under Programme 6 of the KIDP3, the following four outcomes will
be pursued, namely:
Outcome 1: Karamoja’s alternative tourism potential developed for enhanced community

empowerment and social transformation
Outcome 2: Business skills and enterprise in Karamoja developed for a competitive
business climate and improved welfare of the Karamojong
Outcome 3: Crop and livestock marketing systems and enterprises strengthened for
increased incomes of the Karamojong
Outcome 4: Livestock Breeders’ and Savings Co-operatives developed in Karamoja
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these four outcomes on the basis of which the
OUTCOME 1: KARAMOJA’S ALTERNATIVE TOURISM POTENTIAL DEVELOPED

FOR ENHANCED COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
The alternative tourism potential of Karamoja that the KIDP3 seeks to harness is not simply about
increased number of tourist vehicles and tourists criss-crossing the dust roads of Karamoja
running after wildlife as tour operators reap dividends. It is a type of tourism that seeks mutually
beneficial relationships in which as much as possible of the proceeds of the tourism are retained
by the local communities, in ways that empower them economically, leading to social
transformation. Increasing contact between the Karamojong and outsiders should have a positive
impact not only on the outsiders, in terms of their perceptions about Karamoja and the
Karamojong, but also positively impact on the attitudes, behaviours and cultures of the
Karamojong. Under Outcome 1 of Programme 6 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention
will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 1.1: Interventions undertaken to promote sustainable tourism in Karamoja through

alternative tourism products
Under the KIDP3, the focus on sustainable tourism will necessitate promoting investment in
tourism in Karamoja that minimises any negative effects of tourism operations on not only the
physical and environmental conditions in Karamoja, but also its people, their livelihoods and
culture. A lot of progress has been achieved with the Annual Karamoja Cultural Day festivals
86
launched in July 2014. Focus by the KIDP3 will be on supporting tourism interventions that
positively impact on the livelihoods of the local people in Karamoja in a sustainable manner.
Community participation in tourism undertaking is to be encouraged to the extent possible. Among
the new initiatives that the KIDP3 will support in a bid to promote alternative tourism products for
sustainable tourism include the following: (a) Annual Karamoja Cultural Day festivals which will
also be re-organised to bring on board cultures from other parts of Uganda; (b) Competitive
Karamoja Annual Sports and Athletics Gala, which will be done in such a way as to attract national
and international participants; (c) Karamoja Mountain Cycling and Road Racing event, which will
be done in such a way as to attract international recognition; (d) development of Kanagorok as a
tourism destination for hot springs and rock sliding in North Karamoja; (e) development of
mountain hiking trails on Mt. Moroto and Mt. Kadam for local and international tourism, and
training local youth as mountain trail guides; (f) marketing of Karamoja as a destination for
Wilderness Adventure Tented Camping Experiences; (g) cultural tourism in Karamoja through
supporting the development of Karamojong Cultural Adventure Trails and training of local youth
as Cultural Adventure Trail guides; (h) mountain and rock climbing, and (i) training of local
craftsmen and women in the manufacture of Karamojong specific works of arts and crafts. Lastly,
support will be provided to ensure establishment of UNESCO Mount Moroto Man-and-Biosphere
Reserve.
Output 1.2: Development of Tourism infrastructure in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, coordinated development of Cultural Museums at district level in Karamoja will
be supported. The first Museum in Karamoja was opened at Katikekile in Moroto in November
2012. The Ik were also supported to open a museum on Ik culture which they call the ‘Ik House
of memory’, located in an IK cultural village at Kamion overlooking the Turkana escarpment.
The construction of tourism roads in different parts of Karamoja will be supported. Beyond the
tarmac on the roads from Soroti to Moroto and Moroto to Nakapiripirit, the rest of the road become
impassable after the rains. The road from Moroto-Kotido-Kaabong-Karenga becomes almost
impassable during rainy seasons. Roads linking Karamoja from other directions such as the
Soroti-Kotido road, and the Lira-Kotido Road have potential to boost tourism in Karamoja if they
are upgraded. Investment in improvement of Kidepo aerodrome in Kaabong district will also be
supported. In addition, private tour operators in Karamoja will be lobbied to donate towards
supporting tree planting activities as part of corporate social responsibility. The development of
highway stop-overs for travellers in places such as Iriri, Namalu, Lokitelekaebu and Moruitit will
be supported, as well as the development of a Karamojong Manyatta setting as a tourism product
for inclusion in community, and training youth as Manyatta trail guides. The feasibility of
developing the use of ‘Cable Cars’ for mountain tourism across the steep ravines and valleys on
Mt. Moroto for domestic and foreign tourism attraction to Karamoja will be explored. Other
mountains in Karamoja where tailored tourism products need to be considered include: Mt.
Kadam, Mt. Napak and Mt. Morungole. Investment in skilling of local Karamojong tourism guides,
operators and entrepreneurs will also be provided, to the extent possible. Lastly, support will also
be provided for the development of cross-border tourism trails between Karamoja and
neighbouring communities in Kenya and South Sudan.
87
Output 1.3: Interventions undertaken to strengthen livelihoods of communities living next
to Protected Areas in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, investment of Revenue Sharing Funds returned to parishes in tangible
community-benefit projects will be supported. Districts in Karamoja will be supported and
equipped to address problem animals and vermin from Protected Areas. Community involvement
in wildlife conservation will be supported to reduce community-condoned poaching activities.
Community participation in forest conservation to stop forest encroachment in outlying
communities will be supported, as well as initiatives for transparent and efficient management
and resolution of human-wildlife conflicts in areas neighbouring Protected Areas. In addition, the
development of bird watching trails, and training of local youth in bird watching guiding will be
supported. Lastly, development of Safari hunting trails, as well as training of local youth in Safari
hunting trail guides will also be supported.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 6 on ‘Karamoja’s

alternative tourism potential developed for enhanced community empowerment and social
transformation’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: KARAMOJA’S ALTERNATIVE TOURISM POTENTIAL DEVELOPED FOR ENHANCED

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Interventions 1.1.1 Support Annual Karamojong Cultural Day Festivals and re-organise
undertaken to promote them to bring on board culture from other parts of Uganda
sustainable tourism in 1.1.2 Support Competitive Karamoja Annual Sports and Athletics Gala,
Karamoja through which attract national and international participants
alternative tourism 1.1.3 Support the development of the Karamoja Mountain Cycling and Road
products Racing event to international standards
1.1.4 Support the development of Kanagorok as a tourism destination for
hot springs and rock sliding in North Karamoja
1.1.5 Support the development of mountain hiking trails on Mt. Moroto and
Mt. Kadam for local and international tourism, and train local youth as
mountain trail guides
1.1.6 Support the marketing of Karamoja as a destination for Wilderness
Adventure Tented Camping Experiences
1.1.7 Support cultural tourism in Karamoja through supporting the
development of Karamojong Cultural Adventure Trails and training of
local youth as Cultural Adventure Trail guides
1.1.8 Support the development mountain and rock climbing in Karamoja
1.1.9 Support the training of local craftsmen and women in the manufacture
of Karamojong specific works of arts and crafts
1.1.10 Support the establishment of UNESCO Mount Moroto Man-and-
Biosphere Reserve
1.2.1 Undertake a mapping of all important cultural sites (cave drawings,
shrines) and sites with fossils for protection as tourist attractions
88
Output 1.2: Development 1.2.2 Develop Moroto Cultural Museum to international standards with more
of Tourism infrastructure in artefacts, better presentation
Karamoja supported 1.2.3 Support the construction of targeted Tourism roads in different parts of
Karamoja
1.2.4 Support investment in improvement of Kidepo aerodrome in Kaabong
district
1.2.5 Lobby private tour operators in Karamoja to donate towards
supporting tree planting activities as part of corporate social
responsibility
1.2.6 Support the development of highway stop-overs for travellers at Iriri,
Namalu, Lokitelekaebu, Moruitit
1.2.7 Support the development of a Karamojong Manyatta setting as a
tourism product for inclusion in community, and train youth as
Manyatta trail guides
1.2.8 Explore the feasibility of developing the use of ‘Cable Cars’ for
mountain tourism across the steep ravines and valleys on Mt. Moroto
for domestic and foreign tourism attraction to Karamoja
1.2.9 Support investment in skilling of local Karamojong tourism guides,
operators and entrepreneurs
1.2.10 Support the development of cross-border tourism trails between
Karamoja and neighbouring communities in Kenya and South Sudan
Output 1.3: Interventions 1.3.1 Support the investment of Revenue Sharing Funds returned to
undertaken to strengthen parishes in tangible community-benefit projects
livelihoods of communities 1.3.2 Support and equip the districts in Karamoja to address problem
living next to Protected animals and vermin from Protected Areas
Areas in Karamoja 1.3.3 Support community involvement in wildlife conservation to reduce
community-condoned poaching activities
1.3.4 Support community participation in forest conservation to stop forest
encroachment in outlying communities
1.3.5 Support initiatives for transparent and efficient management and
resolution of human-wildlife conflicts in areas neighbouring Protected
Areas
1.3.6 Support development of bird watching trails, and training of local youth
in bird watching guiding
1.3.7 Develop Safari hunting packages for foreigners, nationals, and local
communities as well as training of local youth in Safari hunting Trail
guiding
OUTCOME 2: BUSINESS SKILLS AND ENTERPRISE IN KARAMOJA DEVELOPED

FOR A COMPETITIVE BUSINESS CLIMATE AND IMPROVED WELFARE OF THE
KARAMOJONG
The 2016/17 UNHS data showed that while at least 40% of the households in Karamoja reported
having an enterprise (UBOS, 2017: 182), the majority were still trapped in poverty. The latter
means that some of the household level microenterprise investments that households were
involved in do not guarantee secure livelihoods. Exposure to prolonged armed conflicts
89
associated with livestock raiding leads to an irredeemable collapse in their asset base and social
safety nets (Stites et al. 2007). As a consequence, many Karamojong households do not have
the requisite capital to invest in trade due to lack of livestock, and yet recourse to either
pastoralism or crop farming was evidently unsustainable (USAID 2017b, 21).
Formal schooling in Karamoja imparts skills which the majority of the youth find irrelevant for
survival in the adverse physical environment of Karamoja. The most important skills, related to
livestock herding, are acquired in the informal school of everyday experience. Unless Karamojong
youth are able to continue their education at university or join vocational courses, the time they
spend in school is not of much relevance. In collaboration with the Ministry of Trade Industry
Cooperatives (MTICs), and several other development partners in the region, under the KIDP3,
OPM and MfKA will support interventions that strengthen not only relevant skills especially in
doing business, and facilitate access to credit and micro-finance, but also in developing
enterprises as a strategy for improving the welfare of the population of Karamoja. The intervention
that will be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs of Outcome 2 of Programme
7 of KIDP3 include the following, among others:
Output 2.1: Business skills and enterprise development in Karamoja supported for
improved welfare of the population
Under the KIDP2, a lot of business skills trainings were provided for women and youth, as well as
support for business start-ups which stimulated the growth of many business enterprises. The
availability of government support through for example the Youth Livelihood Project (YLP) and
the Uganda Women Entrepreneurship Project (UWEP) was instrumental in providing alternative
sources of incomes for different categories of Karamojong. Several challenges were however
encountered with the recovery of funds for business enterprises for youth and women under YLP
and UWEP: There were low recovery rates of all the funds that were issued out to youth and
women in Karamoja during the KIDP2. The design of the YLP and UWEP model needs to be re-
thought. The UGX. 5 million start-up capital that was often given to groups was not enough for all
5 people in a group. Recovery was difficult because money was given to individuals whose only
cash at hand was the money they had obtained from YLP and UWEP; and without any other
sources of income, business capital of UGX. 1 million for each person was incrementally
encroached upon. In some groups, the chairpersons and treasurers connived to swindle the
money that was received. Usually, those who got the money ended up defaulting. Some groups
disintegrated after receiving funds. Some groups and their members were untraceable. In Moroto
district, there was a 46.2% default rate on the YLP and 63% default rate on UWEP funds by
December 2020. In Napak the UWEP default rate was reported at 73%. In Nabilatuk, the default
rates were 82% for YLP, and 73% for UWEP.
The management of community micro-enterprises funded under YLP and UWEP and other
programmes in Karamoja were undermined, among others, by low levels of literacy and
limited/inadequate knowledge and skills in enterprise selection. There was no analysis of the
profitability of the projects that were selected. Many beneficiaries of the funds invested in
businesses that failed to take off. Most of the groups were formed because government told
90
communities to form the groups so as to benefit from government funds. When the money arrived,
the members shared the money and thereafter the groups disintegrated. Some were under the
impression that the funds were non-refundable as the beneficiaries and host communities were
not always well sensitised. Many projects failed because of poor targeting. The men were locked
out since youth and women were targeted, while others targeted the most vulnerable. The adult
men, who are cause of insecurity, were ignored. In one area, when the elders learnt that youth
had received enterprise money, they demanded their share in form of a bull and alcohol, which
they shared in the name of blessing the youth projects.
Under the KIDP3, OPM and MfKA will, in collaboration with the MTICs, support the establishment
and management of business information centres in all the district headquarters in Karamoja.
These information centres will be key in providing information to the business community on trade,
manufacturing, government policies, laws, business registration, taxes etc. Business skills and
enterprise development will be undertaken in areas where investments have the highest chances
to succeed. Under the KIDP2, OPM and MfKA and other government initiatives, as well as some
international NGOs, supplied improved goats targeting vulnerable people, and yet these
households lacked the means to look after the improved goats. Some of the goats died do lack of
proper care, and those that survived were sold off by their owners because they could not afford
the expenditure entailed in looking after them. Whilst it was a good approach not to distribute the
assets to groups because anything given to everybody belongs to no one, and is likely to become
subject to abuse and mismanagement; the targeting of individual beneficiaries should be selective
so as to start with the ‘better off’ in the groups who can manage the assets, and the less resourced
can then benefit from passed-on gifts. The targeting of these enterprise projects needs to be
carefully rethought: While the KIDP3 will aim to empower poor Karamojong to get out of poverty,
focus will be on those who already have some experience in investments.
Business skills training support for youth and women groups already involved in petty trade
activities will be provided and expanded to crops and the livestock trade in Karamoja. The focus
of such trainings will be on, among others: managing business start-ups, general management
and governance of business enterprises which are going concerns, keeping business records for
profitability assessment and managing tax obligations, and managing and resolving conflicts in
business enterprises. Business skills development for existing small-scale petty trade businesses
will be supported to enhance record keeping, business management and profitability. Trained and
skilled youth will be provided with start-up capital and basic merchandise to boost their small-
scale retail trade businesses dealing in groceries. Graduates of business skills training will be
supported to access concessional credit from micro-finance institutions. Bursaries will be provided
to Karamojong youth to attend vocational skills training schools. Efforts will be made to encourage
female youth to take opportunities for vocational skilling since are the most disadvantaged.
Support will also be provided to business enterprises for members of Peace Committees as
an incentive for their contribution to peace building activities. Lastly, investment in MSME
involved in the fortification of animal feeds for production and distribution in Karamoja will also be
supported.
Output 2.2: Interventions undertaken to promote financial literacy in Karamoja
91
Availability of different financial services and products has improved in Karamoja over the years.
However, access to these services was still very low in Karamoja, with, in 2016/17, up to 27% of
the households in Karamoja not in any position to save any money with any form of financial
institution (UBOS, 2017: 109). Given the low adult literacy levels, the minimum involvement with
the money economy, and the limited consistent sources of income, the importance of undertaking
interventions that seek to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the ordinary Karamojong
in as far as access and use of financial products and services cannot be over-emphasised. Self
Help Groups (SHG) and Village Savings and Lending Associations (VLSA) are an important
vehicle for delivering financial literacy in Karamoja. Under the KIDP3, technical assistance will be
extended to VSLAs to train them on elementary book keeping, debt management, savings
mobilisation, well-structured criteria for loan appraisal, disbursement, loan tracking and recovery.
This will be undertaken in collaboration with several development partners such as CARE
International in Uganda.
Apart from supporting the functioning of VSLA, one of the strategies which will be used under the
KIDP3 to deliver financial literacy messages is through promotion programmes and radio talk
shows on FM stations in Karamoja. This will be undertaken in collaboration with the MFPED,
MTICs, the Micro-finance Support Centre (MSC) of Uganda, and several development partners
in Karamoja who are already involved such as ACTED. The more there is knowledge and
information about financial products and services out there, the more there will be demand to
access financial services. The more simplified financial products are, the easier to embrace then.
16
Mobile money has been one of the simplest financial products on offer from the financial services
sector; unfortunately, the popularity of mobile money is still limited in rural Karamoja, especially
due to limited ownership of mobile telephones. While the use mobile money has grown
phenomenally at the national level, with the proportion of the population with access to formal
financial services (and hence financial literacy) increasing from 28% in 2009 to 54% in 2013, and
the number of registered mobile money customers in 2016 exceeded half the population of
17
Uganda ; in Karamoja, only 28% of the households in 2016/17 individually owned mobile phones
(UBOS 2017, 156). This means there is still significant need to promote financial literacy in
Karamoja. According to the 2016/17 UNHS, knowledge about mobile money was lowest in
Karamoja sub-region (with only 30% of population aware of the service), compared to Kampala,
where up to 95% of the households (the highest in the country) were aware of mobile money and
how to use it (UBOS, 2017: 115).
Under the KIDP3, community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on available financial
services, and how to access them in Karamoja, will be undertaken. Youth and women will be
trained on the importance of joining SHGs for skills enhancement and accessing financial
16
. Mobile money is a term used to loosely refer to money stored using the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) number as
an identifier as opposed to an account number in the conventional banking sense (see Ndiwalana, Morawczynski and
Popov 2012).
17
. See Ivan James Ssettimba, ‘Mobile Money in Uganda’, paper presented at Bank of Uganda, March 2016. Available at:
https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/3.-Ivan-Ssettimba-Bank-of-Uganda.pdf
92
services. Support will be provided on the formation, training and equipping of VSLAs to learn
about savings and accessing credit. VSLA will be supported to open accounts in micro-finance
institutions for safety of deposits. Meetings will be convened to coordinate activities of
development partners and NGOs supporting rural SHGs and VSLAs. FM Radio programmes will
be supported to provide knowledge and information of how to access financial products and
services.
Output 2.3: Access to Financial services supported for organised smallholder farmers in
Karamoja
During the implementation of the KIDP2, a lot of support was provided by government and
development partners to enhance access to financial services through savings and credit
schemes for individuals and businesses, which benefited crop farmers as well as livestock
producers in different parts of Karamoja. If up to 62.9 % of the households in Karamoja (the
highest in the country) borrowed money to buy consumption goods and services (UBOS, 2017:
115), then there is a huge opportunity to promote access to financial services by all those who
use money in whatever form, whether borrowed or not. During the KIDP3, interventions will be
undertaken to link farmers and farmer organisations to financial service providers for accessing
value addition equipment and infrastructure. Community-based institutions will be supported to
provide financial products for smallholder crop farmers.
In addition, formal financial institutions will be supported to provide access to agriculture related
financing to smallholder crop farmers. Interventions will be undertaken to ensure improved access
to credit along the value chain through community saving and credit schemes. Formal financial
institutions will be supported to provide access to agriculture related financing and business loan
products and insurance products. Highway commodity markets will be established to
economically empower local communities through sale of agricultural produce. Cash transfers will
be provided for the most vulnerable households in communities in Karamoja including the elderly
and disabled. Massive community mobilisation, sensitisation and education will be undertaken on
the livestock insurance scheme.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 6 on ‘Business

skills and enterprise developed for a competitive business climate and improved welfare
of the Karamojong’ are summarised as follows:
93
OUTCOME 2: BUSINESS SKILLS AND ENTERPRISE IN KARAMOJA DEVELOPED FOR A
COMPETITIVE BUSINESS CLIMATE AND IMPROVED WELFARE OF THE KARAMOJONG
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Business 2.1.1 Establish and support management of business information centres in
skills and enterprise all the district headquarters in Karamoja
development in Karamoja 2.1.2 Support business skills training support for youth and women groups
supported for improved already involved in petty trade activities to expand to crops and
welfare of the population livestock trade in Karamoja
2.1.2 Support business skills development for existing small scale petty trade
businesses to enhance record keeping, business management and
profitability
2.1.3 Provide trained and skilled youth with start-up capital and basic
merchandise to boost their small scale retail trade business dealing in
groceries
2.1.4 Support graduates of business skills training to access concessional
credit from micro-finance institutions
2.1.5 Support provision of bursaries to Karamojong youth to attend
vocational skills training schools
2.1.6 Support business enterprises for members of Peace Committees as
an incentive for their contribution to peace building activities
2.1.7 Support investment in MSME involved in the fortification of animal
feeds for production and distribution in Karamoja
Output 2.2: Interventions 2.2.1 Undertake community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on
undertaken to promote available financial services and how to access them in Karamoja
Financial Literacy in 2.2.2 Train youth and women on the importance of joining Self Help Groups
Karamoja (SHGs) for skills enhancement and accessing financial services
2.2.3 Support formation, training and equipping of Village Savings and
Lending Associations (VSLAs) to learn about savings and accessing
credit
2.2.4 Support VSLA to open accounts in micro-finance institutions for safety
of deposits
2.2.5 Convene meetings to coordinate activities of development partners and
NGOs supporting rural SHGs and VSLAs
2.2.6 Support FM Radio programmes to provide knowledge and information
of how to access financial products and services
Output 2.3: Access to 2.3.1 Link farmers and farmer organisations to financial service providers for
Financial services accessing value addition equipment and infrastructure
supported for organised 2.3.2 Support community-based institutions to provide financial products for
smallholder farmers in smallholder crop farmers
Karamoja 2.3.3 Support formal financial institutions to provide access to agriculture
related financing to smallholder crop farmers
2.3.4 Improve access to credit along the value chain through community
saving and credit schemes
2.3.5 Support formal financial institutes to provide access to agriculture
related financing and business loan products and insurance products
94
2.3.6 Establish highway commodity markets to economically empower local
communities through sale of agricultural produce
2.3.7 Provide cash transfers for the most vulnerable households in
communities in Karamoja including the elderly and disabled
2.3.8 Undertake massive community mobilisation, sensitisation and
education on the livestock insurance scheme
OUTCOME 3: CROP AND LIVESTOCK MARKETING SYSTEMS AND ENTERPRISES

STRENGTHENED FOR INCREASED INCOMES OF THE KARAMOJONG
It is an established fact that in conflict-afflicted dryland areas such as Karamoja, markets are very
important not only for social and cultural interactions on the basis of which peace building and
conflict management is undertaken, but also for enhancing food security and access to household
basic necessities and inputs for economic production. They are institutions for social, cultural,
political and economic interlocution. In Karamoja, the most critical markets are those that are
primarily meant for the sale of livestock. Each primary market is inter-connected to several other
secondary markets that supply commodities and originate buyers (UBOS 2017, 164). This means
in Karamoja livestock markets are not just about the physical infrastructure or the livestock in the
markets, but also the people who interface: local Karamojong and traders and buyers from far
and wide.
The importance of strategically locating livestock markets in key livestock producing areas is
because these markets have a potential to draw surplus herds from grazing areas to platforms
that enable entry into consumption outlets. To the extent these markets provide platform in which
private traders from far and wide participate, they also have a huge potential to stimulate the
involvement of rural livestock producers, which helps to increase earnings from the sale of
livestock and livestock products. The incomes generated from the sale of livestock and its
products in markets depends on the ability of livestock producers to effectively engage in these
markets, which then inspires initiatives for improving the quality of their products. In closed
markets for livestock in the past, where participation of outsiders was minimal, it was believed the
Karamojong only offered stock that they do not need (the sick, barren and old) for sale. Because
of the competition which markets open to outsiders created among livestock producers,
competition is now created among livestock producers to offer the best they have for fetching the
most. Claims about pastoralists in Karamoja being perpetually price irresponsive are therefore
sometimes misleading.
During the implementation of the KIDP2, a lot of efforts were also made to mentor groups of
Karamojong crop farmers and livestock producers in marketing of their products by targeting
better market outside Karamoja. Karamojong were trained on how to create market linkages and
to bulk produce for collective marketing for better prices for their crops and livestock. This however
has not yet translated into strong market linkages as well as increased returns to farmers. Under
the KIDP3, interventions at different levels will be undertaken to consolidate changing economic
behaviour of livestock producers and to entrench price responsiveness in the market place. They
will include addressing market price volatilities and disincentives arising from inadequate
95
availability of market price information, and market inefficiencies that allow middlemen to
suppress prices offered to livestock producers. Investments under the KIDP3 in improving not
only security, but also transport and communication will significantly promote trade in livestock.
The logic of the KIDP3 is to not only support continued investment in improvement of livestock
marketing infrastructure, as was done under the KIDP2, but also to recognise that apart from lack
of markets, several other interventions around physical markets are necessary for them to
function in ways that promote other interconnected functions performed in the market. Under
Outcome 3 of Programme 6 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention will be pursued to
achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 3.1: Flexible financing mechanisms for promoting trade in general merchandise,
crops, livestock and livestock products in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, formal financial institutions will be supported to provide access to agriculture
related business loan products in Karamoja. Formal financial institutions will also be supported to
provide access to agriculture related financing for smallholder agro-pastoral households in
Karamoja. Formal financial institutions will be supported to provide access to crop and livestock
related insurance products. The introduction of appropriate livestock insurance schemes will be
supported to the extent possible.
The KIDP3 will support the promotion of appropriate innovative technologies and practices for
agricultural trade in drought-affected communities of Karamoja. The National Agricultural
Research Organisation (NARO) - affiliated Zonal Agricultural Research Development Institute at
Nabuin has been involved in the development of drought resilience, enhancing innovative
technologies of seeds and planting materials as well as livestock breeds. Under the KIDP3,
support will be provided to promote awareness of the existence of these technologies, as well to
facilitate trade, especially in staple grains and horticulture. Support will also be provided to
commercialise fodder and animal feed so as to reach as many farmers as possible in different
parts of Karamoja, which will boost not only livestock production, but also trade in livestock. The
goal is to boost incomes of households from trade in the staples, horticultural products, livestock,
and livestock feeds and fodder.
The KIDP3 will also support exposure visits by livestock producers in Karamoja to other parts of
the country to draw lessons on how livestock production and marketing constraints are addressed.
During these exposure visits, livestock producers in Karamoja will be exposed to livestock
markets in other parts of the country where certain cattle brands sell for as much five or more
times what livestock producers earn in livestock markets in Karamoja. They will also get exposed
to how livestock markets elsewhere are structured to protect livestock producers from
unscrupulous middlemen and traders. This will provide an opportunity for livestock producers to
learn best practices on how to rapidly increase carcass weights of livestock breeds in Karamoja
from livestock producers in other parts of the country, as well as how marketing is organised, and
what needs to be done to increase the incomes of Karamojong livestock producers from the sale
of livestock as their main source of livelihood.
96
Output 3.2: Interventions for developing livestock trade and marketing infrastructure in
Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, investment will be undertaken in livestock market infrastructure integrating
livestock and other farm and non-farm commodities at the sub-county level in Karamoja. The
establishment of a relevant and functioning livestock and crop marketing information system will
be facilitated to provide farmers with accurate pricing of their crops and livestock at the point of
sale. This is intended to increase returns to farmers and reduce relevancy of middlemen who
skew information about prices to exploit farmers. Previous attempts to establish such a system
met with challenges, as prices were often not exact and had no impact on a farmer’s decision to
sell or not to sell his animals. Efforts will be made to increase its accuracy and reliability. The
piloting of a Livestock Identification and Tracking System (LITS) will be supported for improved
livestock marketing, linked with tracking for the control of livestock raiding. Extensive
consultations with cattle owners in Karamoja will be undertaken before any new system is
introduced. Construction of public slaughter slabs with shades will be undertaken in every sub-
county to improve hygiene and increase quality of livestock products on the market. Public
slaughter slab operators will be trained in modern slaughter standards and sanitary and
phytosanitary standards to prevent meat contamination.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 3 of the KIDP3 Programme 6 on ‘Crop and
Livestock Marketing Systems and Enterprises strengthened for increased incomes of the
Karamojong’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 3: CROP AND LIVESTOCK MARKETING SYSTEMS AND ENTERPRISES

STRENGTHENED FOR INCREASED INCOMES OF THE KARAMOJONG
Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Flexible 3.1.1 Support formal financial institutions to provide access to agriculture related
financing mechanisms business loan products in Karamoja
for promoting trade in 3.1.2 Support formal financial institutions to provide access to agriculture related
general merchandise, financing for smallholder agro-pastoral households in Karamoja
crops, livestock and 3.1.3 Support formal financial institutions to provide access to crop and livestock
livestock products in related insurance products
Karamoja supported 3.1.4 Support the promotion of appropriate innovative technologies and
practices for agricultural trade in drought affected communities of
Karamoja
3.1.5 Support exposure visits by livestock producers in Karamoja to other parts
of the country to draw lessons for addressing livestock production and
marketing constraints
Output 3.2: 3.2.1 Undertake investment in livestock market infrastructure integrating
Interventions for livestock and other farm and non-farm commodities at sub-county level in
developing livestock Karamoja
trade and Marketing 3.2.2 Facilitate the establishment of a relevant and functioning livestock and
crop marketing information system for providing farmers with accurate
pricing of their crops and livestock at point of sale
97
infrastructure in 3.2.3 Support the piloting of a Livestock identification and Tracking System
Karamoja supported (LITS) for improved livestock marketing, linked with the tracking for control
of livestock raiding
3.2.4 Undertake construction of public slaughter slabs with shades in every sub-
county to improve hygiene and increase quality of livestock products on
the market
3.2.5 Support training of public slaughter slab operators on modern slaughter
standards and the sanitary and phytosanitary standards to prevent meat
contamination
OUTCOME 4: LIVESTOCK BREEDERS’ AND SAVINGS CO-OPERATIVES DEVELOPED

IN KARAMOJA
By December 2020, several co-operatives had been established in different parts of Karamoja,
including: 16 in Kaabong; 6 in Abim; 15 in Kotido; 21 in Moroto; 3 in Amudat; 4 in Napak; 9 in
Nakapiripirit, and; 1 in Nabilatuk. While these were general co-operatives, joined by individuals
from different vocations, their establishment is partly responsible for the growth of membership
savings and loan portfolios, hence making it possible to deliver financial assistance to rural
communities. Studies show that Village Saving and Lending Associations (VSLAs) have a positive
impact on the wellbeing of members not only in terms of making it possible for them to accumulate
savings over an extended period on time, but also to access credit without the hassles
encountered in formal micro-financial and commercial banking institutions, and at a more
favourable rate.
Apart from enhancing financial inclusion, enhanced access to financial services, increased
financial literacy as well as financial deepening in rural communities; these groups also generate
positive household business outcomes, which leads to diversification of household sources of
livelihood and survival. Most importantly, these groups have been known to promote the economic
empowerment of women in rural and urban setting. They have increased opportunities for
consumption smoothing as well as total food consumption rates, hence reducing the vulnerability
of households to food and nutrition insecurity as well as other shocks and disasters (see Gash
2017; Uhuru Institute et.al. 2013; Innovations for Poverty Action 2012).
Cooperatives have been dubbed as the ‘potential game changers in Uganda’s aspiration to
transform from a peasant to a modern middle-income country by 2040’ (UNDP 2016). The
success of saving co-operatives provides a foundation on the basis of which producer co-
operatives can be established and entrenched. The producer co-operatives are important for
enhancing access to agricultural extension services, agricultural machinery and equipment, and
organised marketing of produce. The sustainable increase in agricultural production and
productivity is likely to be anchored around well-functioning producer co-operatives, which buffer
small holder producers against the high risks entailed in agricultural production.
It is anticipated that under the KIDP3, support to the establishment and functioning of livestock
breeders’ co-operatives, which will be provided in collaboration with MTICs and MAAIF, will help
98
smallholder farmers in Karamoja to leverage opportunities for accessing subsidised inputs,
increasing access to appropriate production technologies as well as overcoming entry barriers for
their produce in the market place. These breeders’ co-operatives are a form of producer co-
operatives, except they are focused specifically of those involved in rearing of livestock that pays
attention to the quality and genetics of the breeds, and in this case, the indigenous Karamojong
livestock breeds. The more successful producer co-operatives are, the more members benefit
economically from reduced production costs and increased returns, which has a direct bearing on
reducing the incidence of poverty in general and improving the welfare of the members and their
households (UNDP 2016; Enzama 2013; Uhuru Institute et.al. 2013). In many parts of Karamoja,
however, community savings groups as well as co-operatives are not yet in place. By December
2020, there were no savings co-operatives in Karenga, apart from those that had been registered
under Kotido which had few members in Karenga. Under Outcome 4 of Programme 6 of the
KIDP3, the following areas of intervention will be pursued to achieve results under the respective
outputs:
Output 4.1: Development of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, the establishment, training, equipping and operationalization of community
saving and credit groups in Karamoja will be supported. Support will be provided towards the
establishment, training, equipping and operationalization of Saving and Credit Co-operatives in
the public sector using organised associations as entry points. Support will also be provided to
the establishment, training, equipping and operationalization of Saving and Credit Co-operatives
in the private sector building on existing business associations at sub-county and district level in
Karamoja. Massive community mobilisation, education and sensitisation will be undertaken on
the functioning of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Karamoja. Support will be provided to
exposure tours to other parts of Uganda with successful Savings and Credit Co-operatives for
lessons’ learning.
Output 4.2: Development of Livestock Breeders’ Co-operatives in Karamoja supported
The development of successful producer co-operatives in Karamoja will be based on the

successes, which will be registered with saving and credit groups as well as the Savings and
Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs). Under the KIDP3, massive community mobilisation,
education and sensitisation on the importance of Producer Co-operatives in Karamoja will be
carried out in collaboration with private sector actors. Government will support the establishment,
training, equipping and operationalization of District-based Livestock Producers in Karamoja.
There have been calls for expansion of co-operatives beyond agricultural production, to other
sectors (UNDP 2016), and one sector where increased productivity and market competitiveness
of enterprises involved could be achieved, with significant positive forward and backward benefits
streams in places like Karamoja, is in mining. Under the KIDP3, a scoping study will be undertaken
to explore opportunities for the establishment of a Producers’ Co-operative among artisanal
miners in Karamoja. Exposure tours to other parts of Uganda with successful Producer Co-
99
operatives will be supported to enable Karamoja-based artisanal miners to learn lessons from
other parts of the country.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 4 of the KIDP3 Programme 6 on ‘Development

of Production and Savings Co-operatives in Karamoja supported’ are summarised as
follows:
OUTCOME 4: LIVESTOCK BREEDERS’ AND SAVINGS CO-OPERATIVES DEVELOPED IN

KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 4.1: Development of 4.1.1 Support the establishment, training, equipping and
Savings and Credit Co- operationalization of community saving and credit groups in
operatives in Karamoja Karamoja
supported 4.1.2 Support the establishment, training, equipping and
operationalization of Saving and Credit Co-operatives in the
public sector using organised associations as entry points
4.1.3 Support the establishment, training, equipping and
operationalization of Saving and Credit Co-operatives in the
private sector building on existing business associations at sub-
county and district level in Karamoja
4.1.4 Undertake massive community mobilisation, education and
sensitisation on the functioning of Savings and Credit Co-
operatives in Karamoja
4.1.5 Support exposure tours to other parts of Uganda with successful
Savings and Credit Co-operatives for lessons’ learning
Output 4.2: 4.2.1 Undertake massive community mobilisation, education and
Development of Livestock sensitisation on the importance of livestock breeders’
Breeders’ Co-operatives in associations and savings co-operatives in Karamoja
Karamoja supported 4.2.2 Support the establishment, training, equipping and
operationalization of district-based livestock breeders’
associations and savings co-operatives in Karamoja
4.2.3 Undertake a scoping mission to explore opportunities for the
establishment of a livestock breeders’ associations and savings
co-operatives among pastoralists in districts of Karamoja
4.2.4 Support exposure tours to other parts of Uganda with successful
livestock breeders’ associations and savings for lessons’
learning
100
2.7 PROGRAMME SEVEN: SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
A 2017 study of weather patterns in Karamoja over a 35-year period between 1981 and 2015
found not only an increase in average monthly rainfall, but also significant variations in the
amounts received. More of the rainfall was coming outside the usual period, from end of March
to the end of the year. The frequencies of periods of low or no rainfall at all, as well as moments
of heavy rainfall events had also increased. The effect of an emerging second season of heavy
rainfall from September to November has already had very disruptive effects that have
undermined agricultural production and have potential to significantly aggravate food insecurity
situation in Karamoja (Chaplin 2017, 8). The worst possible impact of climate change is already
upon most of Karamoja. Severe droughts conditions, which in 2015 were estimated to afflict 60%
of the Karamoja sub-region’s eastern zones (Republic of Uganda 2015, 4), now affect all of
Karamoja. Karamoja also experiences very strong winds and higher average annual
temperatures, which increase markedly during the dry season. It is now widely acknowledged that
environmental degradation is a serious threat to not only the livelihoods of the population in
18
Karamoja but also to their security. Past insecurity in Karamoja, to a certain extent, ‘shielded’
most of its land and natural resources from the current demographic pressures that are driving
the degradation at present.
With the high incidence of poverty, survival for the majority of the population is derived from direct
consumptive use of natural resources. This implies that in most of Karamoja outside of the
protected areas, available natural resources are either under enormous pressure, or have already
been degraded beyond their capacity to recover naturally. Many interventions were undertaken
during the KIDP2 to stem degradation, however there are significant challenges. The factors
driving natural resource degradation include: accelerated economic development in the aftermath
of the return of peace and security, through for example, development of physical infrastructure
such as houses and roads; an increase in the population whose survival is directly dependent on
extraction of natural resources; growth in extractive industries such as minerals, impacting
biodiversity resources; expansion of the less than optimal subsistence crop farming practices;
rapid demand for biodiversity resources such as wood-fuel by a fast rising urban population;
recurrent vulnerability to food insecurity; resource management practices such as unregulated
bush burning; and over-concentration of livestock around large water sources, among others
(USAID 2017a, 21-2; USAID 2014, 11-2).
There exists a draft policy on the management of rangelands which has not yet been
implemented. In the absence of a National Policy for the Management of Rangelands, there is
need for strengthening capacities for households and communities, as well as sub-counties and
districts in Karamoja, to promote sustainable use and management of rangelands as well as to
adequately respond to drought in order to mitigate its effects and reduce the vulnerability of the
population to other shocks and disasters (both natural and man-made). Programme 7 of KIDP3
18
. See ‘Charcoal burning sending Ugandans to the grave – Environment Minister’, The independent, June 6, 2019.
Available at: https://www.independent.co.ug/charcoal-burning-sending-ugandans-to-the-grave-environment-minister/
101
aims to ‘Undertake Sustainable Environment and Natural Resources Management in Karamoja’.
This KIDP3 programme is consistent with the NDPIII programme on ‘Natural Resources,
Environment, Climate Change, Land and Water Management’, which seeks to ‘stop, reduce and
reverse environmental degradation and the adverse effects of climate change, as well as improve
utilisation of natural resources for sustainable economic growth and livelihood security’ (Republic
of Uganda 2020b).
Under the KIDP3 Programme 7 on ‘Sustainable Environment and Natural Resources

Management’, the following three Outcomes will be pursued, namely:
Outcome 1: Improved Land administration and management in Karamoja

Outcome 2: Environmental degradation in Karamoja reversed and its adverse effects
mitigated
Outcome 3: Water resources management and development improved in Karamoja
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these three outcomes on the basis of which the
OUTCOME 1: IMPROVED LAND ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT IN

KARAMOJA
During the KIDP2 implementation, the Moroto Regional Land Officer was established and
operationalized to provide modern infrastructure designed to enhance decentralization of land
services, improve the title registration systems and make their transactions more transparent and
secure. As a consequence, there is increased accessibility and efficiency of land services in
Karamoja region in general, as well as improved efficiency and effectiveness in the land
registration process in particular. Support was also provided for the operationalization and training
of the District Land Board in Moroto and Napak districts. The Physical Planning Committees of
Abim, Kaabong and Napak were also trained. Capacity for improved land management in
Karamoja had significantly increased. Technical support was also provided for supervision of
surveys and mapping in Moroto, Nakapiripirit and Napak. The Ministry of Lands, Housing and
Urban Development (MLHUD) carried out supervision of the physical planning of Moroto, Napak
and Abim districts. MLHUD intervened in helping to mitigate boundary disputes between districts,
including Moroto, Napak, Kaabong, Kotido, Abim, Nakapiripirit, Nabilatuk and Amudat. The
MLHUD also carried out public sensitisation on issuance of Certificate of Customary Ownership
(CCO), and the formation of Communal Land Associations (CLAs) for clans and sub-clans was
undertaken in Kaabong, Moroto, Kotido, Amudat and Napak. A total of 313 CLAs were formed
and incorporated as legal entities that will register and manage customary land in Karamoja
region. The outcomes of these interventions are mixed, and in many cases have not clearly
translated into security of land tenure especially for communal land users.
Despite the above interventions, land conflicts were on the increase in especially the greenbelts
areas in the various districts. Most of the land in the Karamoja is under customary tenure, where
ownership, access and use are regulated by clan elders. These informal institutions of land
102
administration have been undermined as a result of the erosion of certain powers of the elders
due to pervasive armed conflicts. The formal institutions of land administration and management,
such as District Land Offices, District Land Boards (DLBs) and Sub-county Area Land Committees
(ALCs), are either not fully or properly constituted, and lack the requisite human resources. Where
they exist, they lack office space and furniture, or are not fully and properly functional because of
funding limitations (Muhereza 2019).
Output 1.1: Support functioning of institutions for land management and administration in
all districts of Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, the constituting, equipping and functioning of District Land Offices in Karamoja
will be supported. The following interventions will also be supported: (i) the constituting, equipping
and functioning of District Land Boards in Karamoja; (ii) the constituting, equipping and functioning
of Sub-county Area Land Committees in the districts of Karamoja; (iii) District Land Offices will be
supported to collaborate with traditional systems of land governance for effective land conflicts
management in Karamoja; (iv) Massive community land rights sensitisation and awareness
campaigns will be undertaken in Karamoja, and; (iv). Re-surveys of borders and boundaries in
disputed areas in districts in Karamoja to manage, resolve and prevent land conflicts will also be
supported.
Output 1.2: Planned urban and rural development promoted in all rural-growth centres and
new settlement areas of Karamoja
There is a wave of urbanisation taking place in Karamoja, as the population moves out of their
nucleated permanent settlements into new settlements areas along the emerging rural growth
centres, as well as in the greenbelt areas previously inaccessible due to insecurity. This
urbanisation process needs to be planned, lest it becomes a challenge for delivery of and access
to basic services such as safe water, health and education, which will ultimately undermine
sustainable growth. Emerging urban centres that are devoid of requisite physical infrastructures,
such as roads as well as facilities for sanitation and hygiene, will constrain organised delivery of
basic social services in these areas. Land conflicts are rife in most of the urban areas as land is
increasingly transferred from the communal domain into private hands. Without proper planning
for the fast-rising urbanisation, several political economy challenges will arise especially when a
high urban population begins to constrain infrastructure development, which will create conditions
for poverty to flourish in urban setting. The ensuing livelihood patterns will become an
environmental risk, and a threat to the health and wellbeing of urban residents.
Under the KIDP3, massive community mobilisation and sensitisation will be undertaken on urban
physical planning processes in small towns and RGCs in Karamoja. The recruitment, training and
equipping of District Physical Planners will be supported throughout Karamoja. The development
of an Urban Physical Plan for all small towns and rural growth centres will be supported for orderly
103
urban development in Karamoja. Land use in Karamoja is changing fast, as more people are
settling down to a life of permanent crop farming, wage employment and alternative economic
activities. This has led to the emergence of rural growth centres and expansion of urban centres
in different parts of Karamoja (Stites, Howe & Akabwai 2017, 49). These different new forms of
land uses have been associated with land degradation. The integration of community
perspectives in the physical plans will be supported to rationalise land use between urban and
rural settlements as well as other forms of land uses. There is also need for the formulation and
implementation of a regional resettlement policy for Karamoja in order to have an orderly transition
of population into the greenbelt areas where land is rapidly being converted into permanent crop
cultivation and settlement at the expense of other land uses, such as livestock production and
nature conservation. Only Napak district passed an ordinance to regulate settlement. These
greenbelt areas represent the only remaining ecologically balanced well-watered areas in
Karamoja, outside the protected areas.
Output 1.3: Land registration and certification in Karamoja supported
Changes taking place in the land use of the remaining approximately 20% of Karamoja’s land
area have also been the subject of a lot of controversies, considering that almost 80% of the land
area in Karamoja is gazetted: 40.8% under wildlife conservation areas, 11.6% under National
Forest Reserves and 24.8% under exclusive mineral exploration licenses (USAID 2017a, 25-6;
Rugadya et al. 2010). Under the KIDP3, further community mobilisation, sensitisation and
education will be undertaken on Communal Land Associations (CLAs) and Customary Certificates
of Ownership (CCO). Communities will be mobilised to form CLAs to enhance tenure security in
communal land areas of Karamoja. The issuance of CCOs to community land for registered CLAs
will be undertaken. A survey of all land on which public institutions including district headquarters,
sub-county and parish headquarters sit, as well schools and health centres, will be undertaken
and the land titled.

‘Interventions undertaken to improve land administration and management in Karamoja’
OUTCOME 1: IMPROVED LAND ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT IN KARAMOJA

Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Support 1.1.1 Support the constitution, equipping and functioning of District Land
functioning of Offices in Karamoja
institutions for land 1.1.2 Support the constitution, equipping and functioning of District Land
management and Boards in Karamoja
administration in all 1.1.3 Support constitution, equipping and functioning of Sub-county Area Land
districts of Karamoja Committees in the districts of Karamoja
1.1.4 Support District Land Offices to collaborate with traditional systems of
land governance for effective land conflicts management in Karamoja
1.1.5 Undertake massive community land rights sensitisation and awareness
campaigns
104
1.1.6 Support re-surveys of borders and boundaries in disputed areas in
districts in Karamoja to manage, resolve and prevent land conflicts
Output 1.2: Planned 1.2.1 Undertake massive community mobilisation and sensitisation on urban
urban and rural physical planning processes in small towns and RGCs in Karamoja
development promoted 1.2.2 Support the recruitment, training and equipping of District Physical
in all rural-growth Planners throughout Karamoja
centres and new 1.2.3 Support the development of an Urban Physical Plan for all small towns
settlement areas of and rural growth centres for orderly urban development in Karamoja
Karamoja 1.2.4 Facilitate integration of community perspectives in the physical plans to
rationalise land use between urban and rural settlements as well as
other forms of land uses
1.2.5 Support the formulation and implementation of a resettlement policy in
green-belts areas of Karamoja for orderly community development
Output 1.3: Land 1.3.1 Undertake community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on
registration and Communal Land Associations (CLAs) and Customary Certificates of
certification in ownership (CCO)
Karamoja supported 1.3.2 Mobilise communities to form CLAs to enhance tenure security
communal land areas of Karamoja
1.3.3 Undertake issuance of Customary Certificates of ownership (CCO) to
community land for registered CLAs
1.3.4 Undertake survey of all land on which public institutions sit, including
district headquarters, sub-county and parish headquarters, as well
schools and health centres
OUTCOME 2: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN KARAMOJA REVERSED AND

ITS ADVERSE EFFECTS MITIGATED
In the second half of the implementation of the KIDP2 in 2017, 95% of households in Karamoja,
the highest in the country, got their firewood from the bush/forest. Only 1% of the population in
Karamoja owned plantations/woodlots as the primary source of their firewood (UBOS 2017, 129-
130). The proportion of households using wood fuel for cooking in Karamoja increased from
84.4% in 2016/17 to 87.7% in 2019/20 (UBOS 2021). Woody biomass was harvested not only for
domestic use, but also for sale in urban areas as well as for export to other parts of Uganda.
Several districts in Karamoja have tried various administrative measures to address charcoal
burning, for example: districts liaise with security forces to deploy troops in areas where charcoal
19
burning takes place, and patrol roads in the districts; and military intelligence is used to track
20
business people driving the cutting of trees for charcoal burning. Despite military check points
along most roads in Karamoja however, trucks carrying charcoal continue leaving Karamoja.
19
. See Min. 25/COU/04/2016, in Minutes of the 11th Meeting of the 9th Council of Kotido District Local Government
held on 29th April 2016 at the Youth Centre at 12:54 p.m., pp. 3.
20
. See Min. 26/COU/04/2016, in Minutes of the 11th Meeting of the 9th Council of Kotido District Local Government,
ibid.
105
Apart from degradation, there are also many changes affecting Karamoja’s highly stressed
physical environment. Changes are taking place in the land use systems in Karamoja that are
having a negative impact on ability of the natural ecosystem to regenerate. The rangelands in
Karamoja are increasingly being converted to permanent crop farming and settlement. The large
populations of crop farmers who have settled in the green belt areas have constrained the dry
season dispersal of pastoralists, whose opportunistic tracking of seasonally available pastoral
resources allows the natural vegetation to regenerate. Pastoralists are increasingly confined into
smaller areas, which increases the vulnerability of their herds to scarcity of pastures and to
outbreaks of diseases and pests. Outcome 2 under Programme 7 of the KIDP3 seeks to
undertake interventions to enhance the health and productivity of rangelands, which is critical for
ensuring sustainable pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods, and which will in turn reduce the
vulnerability of herders to resource use conflicts. The following areas of intervention will be
Output 2.1: Drought management at community level in Karamoja strengthened
Under the KIDP3, a desk study to review available information on the long-term effects of drought
in different parts of Karamoja will be undertaken to identify appropriate interventions for drought
management and mitigation. Interventions to strengthen indigenous drought early warning and
management systems in Karamoja will be identified, documented and recommended for
implementation. Weather stations will be constructed at sub-county level throughout Karamoja to
collect data on changes in weather variables. Efforts will be made to collect, analyse, publish and
widely disseminate early warning information on changes in weather conditions (e.g. drought).
Capacity to develop disaster response and mitigation plans will be strengthened at parish, sub-
county and district levels.
It is planned that under KIDP3, efforts will be made to undertake the adaption, piloting and
operationalization of the IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI)
framework on drought resilience measurement, analysis, data and indicators, as well as
associated guidelines, for use at the district level in Karamoja for informed decision making and
investment aimed at increasing community resilience to drought. This will be undertaken in
collaboration with the IDDRSI Secretariat. The information that will be generated will be used to
determine the best interventions to implement in the different districts for increasing community
resilience to drought.
Lastly, efforts will be made to ensure there is sufficient funding for the functioning of District and
Sub-county Disaster Management Committees. The operationalization of these committees will
be done in collaboration other MDAs as well as collaborating partners such as the World Food
Programme (WFP), and the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) who are involved in
drought early warning activities.
Output 2.2: Interventions undertaken to restore degraded rangelands in different parts of

Karamoja
106
Although most of Karamoja manifests clear signs of rangeland degradation, the degree varies
from place to place. There have been several development partners who have trained
communities on restoration of degraded rangeland, in addition to re-seeding, re-planting and
agro-forestry, including FAO and ACTED, whose experiences are relevant to draw on. It is
proposed under this output to undertake a study to map the nature and extent of rangeland
degradation in different parts of Karamoja to identify the leading causes and drivers of
degradation, as well as the possible interventions for mitigating the adverse effects of degradation
of rangelands. Adequate information is needed to support any attempts at the restoration of
degraded rangelands. Efforts will be made under the KIDP3 to strengthen the capacity of
communities living in the degraded areas to manage rangelands, as well as undertake
rehabilitation of degraded rangelands. Communities will be supported to undertake mechanical
removal of invasive species, including grass, shrubs and trees, to minimise their rangeland
encroachment. Communities will also be supported to carry out re-seeding of degraded
grasslands with pastures and re-planting of indigenous forage and browse resources, including
trees and shrubs.
Appropriate agro-forestry schemes have the potential to reduce food insecurity in the region. Such
schemes will diversify livelihoods, providing an alternative source of income and reducing the
pressure on natural stands for charcoal/firewood. Additionally, this will reduce environmental
degradation in the region, thereby buffering the impact of climate shocks and strengthening food
insecurity (Chaplin 2017, 12). The development of tree nurseries at sub-county level in Karamoja
will be supported. Tree planting and woodlots by Youth and Women groups and education
institutions in Karamoja will also be supported. Community sensitisation and awareness creation
on rangeland resource sharing mechanisms and dynamics in Karamoja will be undertaken.
Sensitisation on and enforcement of community bye-laws on resource ownership, access and use
in rangeland areas of Karamoja will be supported.
Output 2.3: Interventions undertaken to promote environmental conservation as an

adaptation to the impacts of global warming in Karamoja region
One of greatest causes of environmental degradation is the increasing demand for building
materials in the rapidly expanding urban areas and rural growth centres. Many buildings are
constructed using burnt bricks, and to certain extent, mud and wattle. Under the KIDP3,
opportunities for introducing and training artisans in the use of alternative building materials such
as stone masonry will be explored, so as to minimise use of firewood and carbon emissions, in
addition to encouraging building contractors to use hydra-form brick making and concrete block
making technologies. The provision of weather-related information systems and warnings to
support smallholder farming practices will be supported. The introduction of conservation tillage
in farming communities in different parts of Karamoja will be supported. The integration of soil
and water conservation technologies of farming practices in crop growing areas of Karamoja will
also be supported, as well as the adoption of construction of trenches along spurs in erosion
prone areas of Karamoja. Hydra-form brick making machines will be procured and distributed to
districts at subsidised prices. Concrete block making machines will also be procured and
107
distributed to districts at subsidised prices. Community sensitisation on the dangers of
indiscriminate bush burning in the districts of Karamoja will be undertaken. The introduction of
energy efficient cooking technologies will be supported to conserve tree resources.

‘Interventions undertaken to reverse environmental degradation and mitigate its adverse
effects in Karamoja’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 2: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN KARAMOJA REVERSED AND ITS ADVERSE

EFFECTS MITIGATED
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: 2.1.1 Undertake a desk study to review available information on the long-term effects
Drought of drought in different parts of Karamoja, to identify relevant interventions for
Management at drought management and mitigation
community level in 2.1.2 Identify, document, recommend and implement interventions to strengthen
Karamoja indigenous drought early warning and management systems in Karamoja
strengthened 2.1.3 Establish weather stations at sub-county level throughout Karamoja to collect
data on changes in weather variables
2.1.4 Collect, analyse, publish and disseminate widely early warning information on
changes in weather conditions (e.g. drought)
2.1.5 Strengthen capacity to develop disaster response and mitigation plans at Parish,
Sub-county and District levels
2.1.6 Undertake adaption and operationalization of the IDDRSI framework on drought
resilience measurement, analysis, data and indicators as well as associated
guidelines for use in districts of Karamoja
2.1.7 Provide funding for the functioning of District and Sub-county Disaster
Management Committees
Output 2.2: 2.2.1 Undertake a mapping study to identify the nature of rangeland degradation in
Interventions Karamoja, its causes, drivers, and possible mitigation of adverse effects
undertaken to 2.2.2 Strengthen capacity of communities to manage rangelands, as well as
restore degraded undertake rehabilitation of degraded rangelands
rangelands and 2.2.3 Support communities to undertake mechanical removal of invasive species of
mitigate further grass, shrubs and trees to minimise rangeland encroachment
degradation in 2.2.4 Support communities to re-seed degraded grasslands with pastures and re-
different parts of planting of indigenous forage and browse resources, including trees and shrubs
Karamoja 2.2.5 Support the development of tree nurseries at sub-county level in Karamoja
2.2.6 Support tree planting and woodlots by Youth and women groups and education
2.2.7 Undertake community sensitisation and awareness creation on rangeland
resource sharing mechanisms and dynamics in Karamoja
2.2.8 Support sensitisation on and enforcement of community bye-laws on resource
ownership, access and use in rangeland areas of Karamoja
Output 2.3: 2.3.1 Support the provision of weather related information systems and warnings to
Interventions support smallholder farming practices
undertaken to 2.3.2 Support the introduction of conservation tillage in farming communities in
promote different parts of Karamoja
108
environmental 2.3.3 Support the integration of soil and water conservation technologies of farming
conservation as an practices in crop growing areas of Karamoja
adaptation to the 2.3.4 Support the adoption of construction of trenches along spurs in erosion prone
impacts of global areas of Karamoja
warming in 2.3.5 Explore opportunities for introducing and training artisans in use of alternative
Karamoja region building materials such as stone masonry to minimise use of firewood and
carbon emissions
2.3.6 Procure and distribute to districts at subsidised prices hydra-form brick making
machines
2.3.7 Procure and distribute to districts at subsidised prices concrete block making
machines
2.3.8 Undertake community sensitisation on the dangers of indiscriminate bush
burning in the districts of Karamoja
2.3.9 Support the introduction of energy efficient cooking technologies to conserve
tree resources
OUTCOME 3: WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

IMPROVED IN KARAMOJA
Karamoja is one of the most water stressed regions in the country. This is due to a combination
of factors including the nature of the parent rock and the soils, the topography, and the climatic
conditions. Rainfall in Karamoja is not only extremely unreliable and sparsely distributed, it has
also become unpredictable in terms of when it is received and for how long, and is now also
extremely variable. Extreme dry spells have become very common with a prolonged dry season.
The effects of climate change have further exacerbated already erratic rainfall patterns, as heavy
showers are sometimes received when least expected resulting in flash floods in low-lying areas.
Sometimes the rains appear outside the previous expected dates and last a very short period
compared to normal years. This means that when water is available, it has to be properly
managed.
In the absence of vegetation and trees, heavy downpours can cause immense destruction of lives
and property as the run-off flows westwards. The lack of vegetation cover on the rangelands
further limits the capacity of water filtration into the soils, which already have a poor retention
capacity. This means that apart from a few permanent water sources flowing from the mountains,
Karamoja’s water sources are mainly seasonal streams. Most of the rainwater received in
Karamoja flows westwards into the neighbouring districts in Teso, Lango, Acholi, and to a small
extent Bugishu, as heavy surface runoff. As a consequence, Karamoja suffer from acute water
scarcity. The Karamojong who depend predominantly on livestock have adopted a mobile system
of livestock production where herds are moved between the wet season and dry seasons to
access water and pastures for their livestock. This means the management of available water
resources and development of more water resources is extremely critical for not only the survival
of the Karamojong and their herds, but also for the development of Karamoja and the
management of resource use conflicts.
109
Output 3.1: Interventions undertaken to improve the management of water resources in

Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, rain gauges will be procured and installed at all sub-counties in Karamoja for
monitoring rainfall amounts for better decision making. Water Quality Surveillance will be
conducted in all the districts of Karamoja. Interventions will be undertaken to protect, conserve
and rehabilitate key water catchment areas in Karamoja. Regular monitoring of water and air
quality in Karamoja will also be undertaken. Interventions will be undertaken to promote formal
and informal water resources sharing arrangements in the rangelands during the dry season.
Output 3.2: Rain water harvesting technologies promoted in institutions and at household
level in Karamoja
In many parts of Karamoja, most of the water available at boreholes is salty, and not fit for human
consumption. In the absence of piped water, efforts have to be made to harvest as much of the
water from roof-tops as possible. Harvesting of rain water from roof tops is still at a very limited
scale, too small for such water to be sufficient to provide for the needs of livestock production.
Harvesting surface run-off is also extremely costly for individual water consumers. Under the
KIDP3, plastic and stainless-steel water tanks for roof-top water harvesting will be procured,
distributed and support provided for their installation. Training of local artisans on construction of
in-situ rain water harvesting at farm level, using underground tanks to trap surface run-off, will be
supported. Lastly, hand-pumps for reticulation of water from underground water tanks will also be
provided at a subsidised rate.
Output 3.3: Interventions undertaken to increase water availability for multi-purpose use
through construction of Water for Production facilities
Several large strategic water reservoirs were constructed in Karamoja during the KIDP1,
including: Kobebe dam in Rupa sub-county, Moroto district (with a storage capacity of 2.3 billion
litres); Longoromit dam in Kaabong district; Arechek dam in Napak district (with a storage capacity
of 2.5 million cubic meters); and Kawomeri dam in Abim district. While these large dams benefitted
surrounding communities profoundly, there are still many areas in Karamoja where such large
strategic reservoirs need to be constructed. Their potential, in some areas, has been undermined
by the absence of a good water management and O&M system. This is problematic because all
livestock in Karamoja depends on communal water sources, where access to water has to be
properly regulated to give an opportunity to everybody to water their livestock. In the areas where
large water reservoirs have been constructed, solving one problem sometimes creates another
without also investing in increasing pasture availability i.e. when a new driver for mobility is
created – that of migration to access water. There is a need to invest in increasing the availability
of pasture as well as putting in place a system for regulating access to and use of water and
pastures to stem pasture degradation. Usually access and use is negotiated between kraal
110
leaders in a particular area, and water user committees set up by the district local governments
(see Mercy Corps Uganda and MWE 2019). Sometimes these systems have not worked as well
as they should, which has undermined the potential of the water for production facilities to support
livestock production.
Under the KIDP3, an assessment of existing water for production facilities will be conducted to
determine the extent of degradation and mismanagement and to draw up options for
rehabilitation. At least 10 large valley dams will be constructed in every sub-county to function as
Strategic Water Reservoirs. The construction of large valley tanks (>20,000m3) will also be
constructed at parish level. The utilisation of these multi-purpose water for production facilities will
be diversified to make it possible to use them not only for livestock production, but also irrigated
crop farming and fish production. Medium to large scale irrigation schemes will be designed and
constructed at the Strategic Water Reservoirs (large dams). Sustainable management structures
for multipurpose storage structures and bulk water systems will be established. Support will be
provided to undertake chain-link fencing of all water for production facilities in Karamoja. The
design and functioning of community-based operation and maintenance (O&M) systems for water
for production facilities in Karamoja will be supported, as well as the development and
enforcement of bye-laws for sharing of water resources between different users and uses at water
for production facilities in Karamoja. In addition, District Water Offices will also be supported to
undertake routine capital repairs, as well as supervision of water for production facilities in
Karamoja.
Output 3.4: Interventions undertaken to promote integrated watershed management in

Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, a mapping and assessment of underground and surface water resources in
Karamoja will be undertaken to determine future sustainability. The development and
implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Plans for specific water catchments in
Karamoja will be supported. Efforts will be made to demarcate and support the regeneration of
ecosystems in areas around selected water catchments in Karamoja. The formulation, enactment
and enforcement of bye-laws and ordinances for integrated watershed management in water
catchment areas of Karamoja will be undertaken. The mapping and implementation of migration
corridors to and from water catchment areas and large water reservoirs will be supported. This
should build on the work already done by stakeholders such as IDRSSI, GIZ and the Karamoja
Development Forum (KDF).

‘Interventions undertaken to improve water resources management and development in
Karamoja’ are summarised as follows:
111
OUTCOME 3: WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED IN
KARAMOJA
Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Interventions 3.1.1 Procure and install rain gauges at all sub-counties in Karamoja for
undertaken to improve monitoring rainfall amounts for better decision making
the management of water 3.1.2 Conduct Water Quality Surveillance in all the districts of Karamoja
resources in Karamoja 3.1.3 Undertake interventions to protect, conserve and rehabilitate key water
catchment areas in Karamoja
3.1.4 Undertake regular monitoring of water and air quality in Karamoja
3.1.5 Undertake interventions to promote formal and informal water
resources sharing arrangements in the rangelands during the dry
season
Output 3.2: Rain water 3.2.1 Procure, distribute and support installation of plastic tanks for roof-top
harvesting technologies water harvesting
promoted in institutions 3.2.2 Support the training of local artisans on new technologies for
and at household level in construction of low cost ferro-cement tanks for harvesting roof-top rain
Karamoja water
3.2.3 Support the training of local artisans on construction of in-situ rain
water harvesting at farm level using underground tanks to trap surface
run-off
3.2.4 Provide hand-pumps for reticulation of water from underground water
tanks
Output 3.3: Interventions 3.3.1 Conduct an assessment of existing water for production facilities to
undertaken to increase determine to determine the extent of degradation and mismanagement
water availability for to draw options for rehabilitation
multi-purpose use 3.3.2 Design and construct at least 10. large valley dams in every sub-county
through construction of to function as Strategic Water Reservoirs
Water for Production 3.3.3 Undertake construction of large valley tanks (>20,000m3) at parish
facilities level
3.3.4 Design and construct medium to large scale irrigation schemes at the
strategic water reservoirs (large dams)
3.3.5 Establish sustainable management structures for multipurpose storage
structures and bulk water systems
3.3.6 Undertake chain-link fencing of all water for production facilities in
Karamoja
3.3.7 Support the design and functioning of community-based operation and
maintenance (O&M) systems for water for production facilities in
Karamoja
3.3.8 Support the development and enforcement of bye-laws for sharing of
water resources between different users and uses at water for
production facilities in Karamoja
3.3.9 Support District Water Offices to undertake routine capital repairs, as
well as supervision of water for production facilities in Karamoja
Output 3.4: Interventions 3.4.1 Under a mapping and assessment of underground and surface water
undertaken to promote resources in Karamoja to determine future sustainability
integrated watershed 3.4.2 Support the development and implementation of Integrated Watershed
Management Plans for specific water catchments in Karamoja
112
management in 3.4.3 Demarcate and support regeneration of ecosystems in areas around
Karamoja selected water catchments in Karamoja
3.4.4 Support formulation, enactment and enforcement of bye-laws and
ordinances for integrated watershed management in water catchment
areas of Karamoja
3.4.5 Support the mapping and implementation of migration corridors to and
from water catchment areas and large water reservoirs
2.8 PROGRAMME EIGHT: ENHANCING ROADS, TRANSPORT AND

COMMUNICATION SERVICES IN KARAMOJA
The availability of physical and economic infrastructure—such as roads, ferries, railways, as well
as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and telecommunications—is extremely
important not only for the delivery of basic social services, but also for strengthening the resilience
of communities that are being provided with better economic opportunities for trade in order to
stimulate economic growth.
There was significant investment by the government in improvement of the road infrastructure in
Karamoja during the KIDP2 period, including many previously hard-to-reach areas. Government
constructed Karamoja’s second tarmac road from Soroti to Moroto, which was launched in
November 2020. The first ever tarmac road in Karamoja from Moroto to Nakapiripirit was
completed in 2015 during the implementation of the KIDP1. In addition, approximately 11.5 kms
of roads within Moroto municipality were also tarmacked during the KIDP2. This brings the total
of tarmac roads in Karamoja from 100 kms in 2015/16 (comprising mainly the road from
Nakapiripirit to Moroto) to 187.5 kms in 2019/20 (including the road from Iriri to Nadunget junction.
Most of the investment was from the Uganda Road Fund through Uganda National Roads
Authority (UNRA).
This investment translated into increased vehicular traffic, both private and public transport, as
well as a reduction of travel time and vehicle operation costs for travel into and out of Karamoja
due to good road surfaces for both tarmac and murram roads. As a consequence, there is an
increase in population of travellers into and out of Karamoja, leading to increased exposure of the
people of Karamoja to the world outside Karamoja, as well as a better appreciation of Karamoja
by the people outside Karamoja as the number of first-time visitors increases. With all district
headquarters accessible all year round, the delivery of basic services increased, as well as safety
and security, which led to increased opportunities of not only increased access to markets, but
also trade and investment opportunities in many parts of Karamoja which was not possible before.
Many business enterprises have been established, and new hotels built which has increased the
hotel accommodation capacity in the region. The opening up of roads leading to neighbouring
countries has increased cross border trade.
Programme 8 of the KIDP3 seeks to ‘Enhance Roads, Transport and Communication Services in
Karamoja’ by further increasing investments in improving the road and telecommunication
infrastructures in Karamoja. This is consistent with the NDPIII programme on ‘Integrated
113
Transport Infrastructure and Services’, which among other goals aims to reduce the costs and
time of travel, increase the durability of infrastructure and reduce fatalities and casualties from
transport accidents (Republic of Uganda 2020b). In order to achieve the objectives of ‘Enhancing
roads, transport and communication services in Karamoja’ under Programme 8 of the KIDP3, the
following two outcomes will be pursued, namely:
Outcome 1: Karamoja’s road infrastructure improved further

Outcome 2: Karamoja’s telecommunication infrastructure improved further
OUTCOME 1: KARAMOJA’S ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVED FURTHER
While the road infrastructure in Karamoja had significantly improved during the KIDP2 period,
most of the progress achieved was on central government roads, with much lesser improvement
on the majority district and community access roads. The road infrastructure leading to district
towns had improved, however the roads connecting districts to sub-county and parish
headquarters, and community access roads, were still a challenge because not all were all-
weather surface roads. Parliament heard during a plenary session on Wednesday, 27 May 2020
that while the UPDF had done a commendable job to ensure the situation did not get out of hand,
their ability to quickly apprehend cattle rustlers and contain the insecurity was hampered by poor
roads. A plea was made by a Member of Parliament from Karamoja, for the Office of the Prime
Minister (OPM): “to construct security roads, so that the UPDF can effectively protect people living
21
within, and outside Karamoja”. Whenever it rains, most access feeder roads become
impassable, making many parts of Karamoja inaccessible for the delivery of basic social services.
Moreover, the lifespan of roads controlled by districts and sub-counties, where routine
maintenance involves grading, gravelling and compacting, was still lower than the central
government roads. Some of the roads that had been earmarked for rehabilitation during the
KIDP2 in Amudat, Abim, Kaabong, Kotido and Nakapiripirit were not rehabilitated by December
2020. There are still challenges with the most appropriate design of the roads in Karamoja which
get damaged every rainy season, making routine maintenance extremely expensive. The
highways leading from mining locations are at a great risk of destruction by heavy trucks ferrying
limestone and marbles, as well as trucks moving agricultural products out of Karamoja and
bringing trade and other merchandise into Karamoja.
The funds allocated to districts in Karamoja for undertaking routine road maintenance were on
low side and unrealistic. The funds available from the Uganda Road Fund are not for routine
maintenance and rehabilitation of roads, but for construction of new roads. Some roads require
maintenance twice a year, others once, to increase the lifespan of the roads. Procurement of
21
. See ‘MPs call for urgent Govt. action on Karamoja insecurity’, Parliament News, 28 May 2020. Available at:
https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4634/mps-call-urgent-govt-action-karamoja-insecurity
114
murram had become so expensive because communities have become very enlightened and
were demanding a lot of money for any excavations for murram. (This was the effect seen by the
Chinese company who did the Moroto-Soroti road, and who were paying handsomely for murram)
The supervision of roads works is lacking because the district has no transport to facilitate
supervision. The districts of Karamoja share one truck excavator and low-bed with the rest of the
districts in Northern Uganda including West Nile, Acholi and Lango. The machine is based in
Gulu. All the districts in Karamoja are allocated only 3 weeks. The approval process is very long,
and UNRA takes precedence. Opportunities for districts are usually made the most of in Northern
Uganda where the machine is based.
In some areas, the road improvements, and especially the highways out of Karamoja, is also a
factor that promoted quick movement of raided livestock out of Karamoja. The handling of raided
livestock had changed, as raided animals are often no longer combined with genuinely owned
animals by raiders or their kin, but are quickly disposed off far from the host communities of the
raiders. Once raided, improved communication made possible by mobile phones ensures stolen
livestock are quickly loaded onto trucks and moved out of Karamoja, making it difficult to trace,
impound and recover raided livestock unless information about a raid is quickly passed onto to
the security forces. On the other hand, security operations in remote and inaccessible parts of
Karamoja are also being hindered by the absence of security roads.
Output 1.1: Major roads in Karamoja upgraded to tarmac
Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to ensure the bituminization of roads connecting all district
headquarters in Karamoja. The road from Moroto to Lokitonyala was under construction by July
2021. Efforts need to be made to construct other roads to the international borders. The
construction of tarmac roads leading to the One-Stop Open Border Posts (OSOBPs) in Karamoja
will be undertaken under the KIDP3. The tarmacking of all key roads within the district towns and
municipalities in Karamoja will also be undertaken.
Output 1.2: Coordinated construction of internal and border security roads in Karamoja
undertaken
Under the KIDP3, OPM and MfKA will collaborate with the Uganda National Roads Authority
(UNRA) to undertake construction of new security roads proposed by districts and the UPDF
leadership in Karamoja as a strategy to respond to the changing dynamics of armed conflicts in
Karamoja. These roads, covering a total of 250 kilometres, include the following:
1. Nakiloro – Naput – Kotein - Kotein – Loyoro (88 kms)

2. Loyoro – Lopedo – Turuturu (50 kms)
3. Karisarik – Magos – Naput (32 kms)
4. Kobebe – Kalongolemuge – Nakapelimoru (80 kms)
115
OPM and MfKA will collaborate with the UNRA to undertake the rehabilitation of a total of 1,598
kms of 37 existing priority security roads in seven districts that were identified by the various
districts in collaboration with the leadership of the UPDF in Karamoja. These 37 roads included
525 kms of nine roads in Moroto District; 327 kms of five roads in Kotido District; 40 kms of five
roads in Amudat District; 143 kms of six roads in Abim District; 436 kms of six roads in Kaabong
District; 199 kms of four roads in Nakapiripirit District, and 55 kms of two roads in Napak District,
the following:
Moroto District (525 kms)

1. Nakiloro – Naput – Kotein - Loyoro road (88 kms)
2. Kotein – Loyoro (30 kms)
3. Loyoro – Lopedo -Turuturu road (50 kms)
4. Karisarik – Magos – Naput (32 kms)
5. Nabilatul - Olilim - Okoboi - Adachar - Apeitolim along the Katakwi boarder (60 kms)
6. Moroto – Kobebe – Kalongolemuge – Nakapelimoru (80 kms)
7. Atumutaak-Omarimau-Nataparakwangan (30 kms)
8. Kodonyo-Lopei-Lokeriaut (30 kms)
9. Naoi-Lokisilei-Kobebe Road (45 kms)
10. Kauriong- Kalemungole-Nakwanga –Lokwakipi-Nakitoe Ariwon -Kokiliokit -Nakabaat
(80 kms)
Other roads in Moroto district that need to be considered include roads within the parishes of
Natumkale and Narengenya in Tepeth county.
Kotido District (327 kms)

1. Nakapelimoru - Kotein- Nakitongo - Kenya along Karamoja-Turkana boarder (47 kms)
2. Nakapelimoru - Kobebe road (48 kms)
3. Maaru - Longolet Dam - Kalongo (Agago District) road (84 kms)
4. Kokoria – Lobanya - Orom road (76 kms)
5. Kopos - Orom road (72 kms)
Napak District (55 kms)
1. Nangolekilela – Iriiri - Lomaratoit (10 kms)
2. Okolooi – Adachar – Apeitolim (45 kms)
Nakapiripirit District (199 kms)
1. Moruajore-Magoro (65 kms)
2. Lolachat-Magoro (45 kms)
3. Chosan-Kakomongole-Moruangaberu-Nabilatuk (45 kms)
4. Moruita-Komaret-Lemusui (44 kms)
Kaabong District (436 kms)
1. Tulutulu-Kangasep-Nakadapaloit-Korten-Moroto Road (156 kms)
2. Kuomatte-Oropoi Road (20 kms)
3. Kanadap-Loitanit-Lopetwa-Kalobeyei road (74 kms)
4. Sidok-Lolelia-Orom road (54 kms)
5. Lopedo-Lopuwa Road (70 kms)
6. Usake-Pire-Kidepo National Park (62 kms)
116
Abim District (143 kms)
1. Koya-Kolorongole-Omoropon-Akwanamoru (30 kms)
2. Akwanamoru-Okuda-Angolepak (30 kms)
3. Angorom-Kathiputh-Kotidany (20 kms)
4. Rogom-Panyangara (40 kms)
5. Kagrui-Kakket-Kulodong (12 kms)
6. Amita-Awach (11 kms)
Amudat District (40 kms)
1. Loroo-Katotin (8 kms)
2. Kosike- Achorichor Road (13 kms)
3. Alakas- Kenya Road (4 kms)
4. Abongai- Kenya Road (6 kms)
5. Kanarion- Cheptapoyo Road (9 kms)
Output 1.3: Undertake construction and routine maintenance of district and community
feeder roads
Under the KIDP3, the construction of new District and Community Feeder Roads in Karamoja will
be undertaken. The rehabilitation of existing District and Community Feeder Roads will also be
undertaken, as well as the routine maintenance of district and community feeder roads. In Napak
District, the following road are planned for rehabilitation under KIDP3: Iriiri-Napak Road,
Lorengecora- Tirikol road. The following roads are planned for opening: Nakayot – Morulem-
Alakas to Dowal-Nabwal road; Lokali-Namorukwang road; Naturumrun-Lobulepeded-Nakayot
road. In addition, all roads in the all four Town Councils in Napak district are to be opened under
the KIDP3. The construction of box culverts along Kangole-Lotome road is also to be undertaken
under KIDP3, whose approach will be adoption of labour-intensive technologies for appropriate
infrastructure development without compromising sustainability. In Kotido district, interventions
planned under KIDP3 included the installation of box culverts on water logged section of the major
roads such as roads in Rengen sub-county.
Output 1.4: Air travel infrastructure in Karamoja upgraded to increase traffic
Under the KIDP3, support will be provided to ensure the upgrading of Moroto airstrip at Nadunget
into an aerodrome. This will be achieved in collaboration with the Ministry of Works and Transport.
Support will also be provided, in collaboration with the Ministry of Works and Transport, for the
rehabilitation of Kotido, Amudat and Kaabong airstrips.

‘Interventions undertaken to improve road infrastructure in Karamoja’ are summarised
as follows:
OUTCOME 1: KARAMOJA’S ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVED FURTHER

Outputs Activities
117
Output 1.1: Major roads 1.1.1 Undertake bituminization of roads connecting all district headquarters in
in Karamoja upgraded to Karamoja
tarmac 1.1.2 Undertake construction of tarmac roads leading to the One-Stop Open
Border Posts (OSOBPs) in Karamoja
1.1.3 Undertake tarmacking all key roads within the District Towns and
Municipalities in Karamoja
Output 1.2: 1.2.1 Collaborate with the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) to
Coordinated undertake construction of new security roads proposed by districts and
construction of internal the UPDF leadership in Karamoja
and border security 1.2.2 Collaborate with UNRA to rehabilitate existing priority security roads
roads in Karamoja identified by districts and the UPDF leadership in various districts of
undertaken Karamoja
Output 1.3: Undertake 1.3.1 Undertake construction of new District and Community Feeder Roads in
construction and routine Karamoja
maintenance of district 1.3.2 Undertake rehabilitation of existing District and Community Feeder
and community feeder Roads in Karamoja
roads 1.3.3 Undertake routine maintenance of district and community feeder roads in
Karamoja
Output 1.4: Air travel 1.4.1 Undertake, in collaboration with the Ministry of Works and Transport, the
infrastructure in upgrading of Moroto airstrip at Nadunget into an aerodrome
Karamoja upgraded 1.4.2 Undertake, in collaboration with the Ministry of Works and Transport, the
rehabilitation of Kotido, Amudat and Kaabong airstrips
1.4.3 Introduce regular light aircraft scheduled flights between Kajjansi/
Entebbe and Moroto and Kidepo in Karamoja
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJA’S TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE

IMPROVED FURTHER
Under the KIDP2, limited interventions were undertaken to improve the infrastructure for
telecommunication services. Many outlying parts of Karamoja are still in the shadows of the
telecommunications network. Mobile telephone signals as well as FM radio frequencies cannot
be received in many parts of Karamoja, and yet mobile communications are becoming key to the
processes of unlocking the potential of Karamoja. The use of radio for communication has been
undermined by the absence of FM signals in some places such as the entire Amudat district,
which although less than 50 kms from Moroto, cannot receive any signals from the FM stations in
Moroto. Under Outcome 2 of Programme 8 of the KIDP3, the following areas of intervention will
be pursued to achieve results under the respective outputs:
Output 2.1: Public and private sector investments in the improvement of key
telecommunication services in Karamoja supported
Under the KIDP3, telecommunication service providers will be engaged for improving signal
reception in Karamoja. They will also be engaged on opportunities for extending fibre optics
connections to the district headquarters in Karamoja. Efforts will be made to collaborate with the
private sector to invest in the provision of rural telecommunications infrastructure in Karamoja.
118
Major telecommunication companies will be engaged on expedited network roll-out to sub-
counties on the international borders in Karamoja. Uganda Communication Commission (UCC)
will be engaged to provide incentives to the private sector to invest in FM Radio stations in districts
without FM stations (Kaabong, Karenga, Amudat and Nabilatuk districts). Efforts will be made to
collaborate with Mobile Telephone service providers to extend facilities for e-government to all
districts of Karamoja, as well as to undertake regular updating of websites of districts in Karamoja.
Output 2.2: Interventions undertake to expand the availability and use of mobile telephone
services in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, communities will be mobilised and sensitised on the importance of mobile
telephone communications technology to expand tele-density in Karamoja. Collaboration will be
explored with mobile telephone service providers to expand the number of mobile telephone
subscribers in Karamoja, as well as to expand use of mobile financial services in Karamoja, and
to expand internet access in Karamoja via mobile telephone platforms. Collaboration with the
private sector will also establish one Rural Telecentre in each district of Karamoja. These
Telecentres will serve as communication centres of last resort, in the absence of public internet
service providers. Support will be provided to districts to establish district Resource Centres and
Libraries, which are used for educational services, to provide this service as part of a rural
communication programme of economic development as well as for empowering the population
with information access.

‘Interventions undertaken to improve telecommunication infrastructure in Karamoja’
OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJA’S TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVED FURTHER

Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Public and 2.1.1 Engage telecommunication service providers on improving signal
Private Sector reception in Karamoja
investments in the 2.1.2 Engage telecommunication service providers on opportunities for
improvement of key extending fibre optics connections to the district headquarters in Karamoja
telecommunication 2.1.3 Collaborate with private sector to invest in the provision of rural
services in Karamoja telecommunications infrastructure in Karamoja
supported 2.1.4 Engage major telecommunication companies on expedited network roll-
out to sub-counties at the international borders in Karamoja
2.1.5 Engage Uganda Communication Commission (UCC) to provide incentives
to the private sector to invest in FM Radio stations in districts without FM
stations (Kaabong, Karenga, Amudat and Nabilatuk districts)
2.1.6 Collaborate with Mobile Telephone service providers to extend facilities for
e-government to all districts of Karamoja
2.1.7 Collaborate with Mobile Telephone service providers to undertake regular
updating of websites of districts in Karamoja
Output 2.2: 2.2.1 Mobilise and sensitise communities on the importance of mobile telephone
Interventions undertake communications technology to expand tele-density in Karamoja
119
to expand the 2.2.2 Collaborate with Mobile Telephone service providers to expand Mobile
availability and use of Telephone subscribers in Karamoja
mobile telephony 2.2.3 Collaborate with Mobile Telephone service providers in Karamoja to
services in Karamoja expand use of mobile financial services in Karamoja
2.2.4 Mobile Telephone service providers to expand internet access in
Karamoja via mobile telephone platforms
2.2.5 Collaborate with the private sector to establish one Rural Telecentre in
each district of Karamoja
2.9 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES MAINSTREAMED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE KIDP3
In line with the NDPIII, an attempt has been made under the KIDP3 to collect data and monitor
progress on the articulation of cross-cutting issues in the KIDP3 (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 218).
The KIDP3 has five cross-cutting issues as follows: (a) mainstreaming mind-set change in the
implementation of the KIDP3; (b) mainstreaming gender and generational issues in the
implementation of the KIDP3; (c) Mainstreaming conflict sensitive programming in the
implementation of the KIDP3; (d) Mainstreaming climate change impact, adaptation and mitigation
in the implementation of the KIDP3, and; (e) mainstreaming private sector involvement and
engagement in the implementation of the KIDP3. To mainstream these issues into the KIDP3
entails actions that are deliberately intended to expand and scale up the implementation of multi-
stakeholder and multi-sectoral responses to underlying issues that would ordinarily be treated as
peripheral, and yet they are central to the achievement of the overall goals of the KIDP3. These
are elaborated as follows:
OUTCOME 1: MIND-SET CHANGE MAINSTREAMED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE KIDP3
The KIDP3 recognises that mind-set change is likely to be a complex undertaking that requires
interventions at various levels and involving concerted efforts in different sectors and among
several actors; all of which need to be coordinated and harmonised on various fronts and on a
continuous basis. Some change of mind-set is required around almost every intervention area of
the KIDP3, which means under each of the KIDP3 programme areas, it will be important to define
the type of mind-set change that is desirable. Attitudes, norms and behaviours are informed
largely by the context in which they occur, and the capacities and incentives available for change.
This means mind-set change necessarily entails carefully planned long-term initiatives that focus
on addressing not only the underlying and structural causes of certain practices and behaviours,
but also tackling the enablers and drivers, as well as the extenuating circumstances that trigger
attitudes.
There are several negative social and cultural norms, attitude and practices that continue to
negatively impact the wellbeing of different categories of the Karamojong. For example, it would
be worthwhile for the target on retention of children and adolescents in school to focus on the
structural conditions that undermine school enrolment and attendance. Young boys are usually
withdrawn from school to look after smaller stock that remain in the permanent settlements. Young
120
girls are kept at home to help their mothers with household chores, and eventually end up married
off for bride wealth. The adolescent youth, including many of school going age, usually
accompany the herds when they are moved to the dry season grazing areas, and hence drop out
of school. While the focus on expansion of school infrastructure is commendable, the next phase
of the struggle to transform Karamoja will entail interventions to break the socialisation of children
into warrior-hood and their recruitment into the warrior cultures i.e. going beyond the exclusive
focus on what happens inside schools. In many ways, this calls for an addressing of the culture
within which the formal school system exists, that accepts certain forms of the division of labour
and which feeds into certain cultural practices. It is submitted in the KIDP3 that un-coordinated,
piecemeal and isolated interventions that do not seek mind-set change are unlikely to have any
impact, especially in a deeply conservative, cultural, political and economic context like that of
Karamoja.
The first outcome that is planned to be achieved under the cross-cutting issues of the KIDP3 is
‘Mind-set change mainstreamed in the implementation of the KIDP3’. This cross-cutting issue is
aligned with the NDPIII programme on ‘Community Mobilisation and Mind-set Change’, which
among others, seeks increased appreciation by citizens of national values leading to active
participation in sustainable development; in addition to enhanced media coverage of national
programmes; increased social cohesion and civic competence; and better uptake and/or
utilisation of public services (education, health, child protection etc.) at the community and district
level (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 185-9).
Under this cross-cutting issue, the population of Karamoja will be mobilised to embrace peace,
which is a pre-requisite for stability and sustainable development in Karamoja. This will be
achieved by pursuing the following outputs: (i) Community mobilisation, sensitisation and
education on Karamoja mind-set change undertaken; (ii) Robust media programming on mind-
set developed and implemented at national level and all levels in Karamoja; (iii) Mind-set change
conscious service delivery frameworks developed for all service providers in the public and private
sector, and; (iv) Interventions undertaken to strengthen institutions and structures for promoting
positive changes in attitudes, social norms and cultural practices in Karamoja. These outputs
which will be pursued to achieve outcomes of the KIDP3 are elaborated as follows:
Output 1.1: Community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on mind-set change in

Karamoja undertaken
Under the KIDP3, mobilisation and awareness campaigns will be conducted to turn community
attention against negative and/or harmful religious, traditional/cultural practices and beliefs in
Karamoja. Public dialogues and community meetings will be held in order to achieve mind-set
change in support of peaceful co-existence with their neighbours. The re-organisation of the
Karamoja Annual Cultural Festival will be supported so as to bring on board cultures from other
parts of Uganda. Existing positive undertakings for promoting cultural harmony and peaceful
mutual co-existence such as the Tobong Lore Cultural Festival will be encouraged, so more
Karamojong can continue to benefit from it. Such festivals will entice the Karamojong diaspora to
return home for positive mind-set impact on local communities. Annual Karamoja Marathons will
121
be supported for local athletes, including in-school and out-of-school youth. These athletics
events will also bring on board athletes from other parts of East Africa. Efforts will also be made
to support increased involvement of different categories of Karamojong in national events in
different parts of the country. Regular exposure visits will be organised for different categories of
Karamojong to other parts of Uganda and Eastern Africa - African Community and IGAD member
states where livestock production has transformed successfully. Annual commemoration of key
Karamojong cultural events such as Lokiriama Peace Accord in Moroto and Moru-a-Nayeche in
Kotido will be supported. Religious leaders will be engaged and supported to deliver messages
on mind-set changes in different platforms in Karamoja.
Output 1.2: Robust media programming on mind-set change developed and implemented
all levels in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, behavioural scientists and Social Norms Change programming experts will be
hired to design a project to influence media content, targeting different types media houses. This
is intended to ensure that those who are given responsibility to pass on information through the
media houses pass on the correct information, which is intended to achieve a desired objective
of mind-set change. Media practitioners will be trained on conflict sensitive and mind-set change
conscious media programming, reporting and broadcasting. Media celebrities in Karamoja will be
identified and supported as Mind-set Change Ambassadors. Regular radio talk shows will be held
on different aspects of mind-set change in Karamoja. Continuous online debates and discussions
on different aspects of mind-set change in Karamoja will be supported.
Output 1.3: Mind-set change conscious service delivery frameworks developed for public
and private sector actors in Karamoja
Very many development interventions were undertaken in Karamoja during the KIDP1 and KIDP2.
Majority of these interventions did not directly target the achievement of mind-set change, even
when it is acknowledged as a ‘software component’ in all the preliminary investments in physical
infrastructure for socio-economic transformation in Karamoja. The initiative for mind-set changes
in Karamoja under the KIDP3 will not only target the population in Karamoja, but also service
delivery providers in both the public and private sector. Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to
ensure that service delivery by public and private sector actors is mind-set change conscious.
This means, in order for service providers to positively impact on the mind-sets of the population
in Karamoja, they also need to possess correct mind-sets themselves that efficiently promote the
required mind-set changes among the targeted beneficiaries of service delivery. Undertaking
interventions targeting mind-set change areas, such as disarmament of the mind, should reach
and touch everything that takes place in Karamoja, including the way services are delivered, those
who deliver the services, as well as the types of services that are delivered. In recognition of the
need to tackle mind-set change focusing not only on the communities in Karamoja, but also its
leaders and elites, as well as all the different categories of service providers, the following areas
of intervention will be pursued under the KIDP3:
122
Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to actualise the establishment, construction and
operationalization of a public university in Karamoja. The more exposed to universal education
Karamoja continues to be at all levels of society, the more amenable it becomes to embracing
formal education for mind-set change. In the meantime, initiatives will be undertaken to support
the delivery of the Pastoralism Policy Course designed by the Gulu University Constituent College
(GUCC) in Moroto to all public and private sector service providers in Karamoja (current and
future). National, district and sub-county political and technical leaders and elites in Karamoja will
be trained in mind-set change role modelling. Interventions will be undertaken to strengthen
capacities of district, sub-county and parish structures to mainstream mind-set change in their
project planning and implementation. Mind-set change conscious programming will be integrated
in the implementation on-going development interventions in Karamoja, such as the third phase
of the Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF3), the Development Initiative for Northern
Uganda (DINU), the Dryland Husbandry project, UWEP, and the YLP. Security and law
enforcement agencies in Karamoja will be trained in undertaking mind-set change
communication. District and sub-county community development officers will also be trained.
Many of the interventions carried out under the KIDP2 to improve the livelihoods of people in the
communities were not properly supervised and monitored by the district Community Development
Office (CDO). The latter lacked not only a vote for operational funds but also the requisite means
of transport for following up and training beneficiaries of grants. None of the CDOs in Karamoja
had any means of transport for community mobilisation work. Under the KIDP3, the District and
Sub-County CDOs in Karamoja will be trained, equipped and re-tooled to increase their efficiency
for livelihoods improvement interventions. Religious leaders will be supported to mainstream
mind-set change while preaching to their followers.
Output 1.4: Interventions undertaken to strengthen institutions and structures for

promoting positive changes in attitudes, social norms and cultural practices in Karamoja
Changes in attitudes, behaviours and social norms is a long-term undertaking that requires
concerted interventions at different levels, including the policy/legal and regulation frameworks,
as well as incentives for promoting good behaviours on one hand, and disincentives for
proscribing undesirable social norms and behaviours on the other. Under the KIDP3, a
compendium of cultural practices in Karamoja that discriminate against different social categories
will be developed, on the basis of which interventions for influencing positive change will be
recommended. Support will be provided to local political leaders and cultural elders to promote
positive changes in attitudes, social norms and cultural practices in Karamoja.
The KIDP3 will support the formulation of bye-laws and ordinances on child protection and child
trafficking. According to the Uganda Police Annual Police Crime Report of 2019, the largest
number of victims of internal trafficking registered were children from the Karamoja sub-region
who were intercepted while on their way to Nairobi where they are subjected to different kinds of
exploitation, including forced labour and sexual slavery (Republic of Uganda 2020, 57). The
Uganda Police Annual Police Crime Report of 2020 also revealed that the highest internal
trafficking incidents were reported from the Karamoja sub-region. Children and women were
123
trafficked to Teso sub-region, then Mbale through Busia/Malaba, and some to Iganga and Jinja
en-route to Kampala for child labour, street begging and sexual exploitation (Republic of Uganda
2021a, 76). In January 2020, 99 persons were rescued from Nairobi before being trafficked to Al
Shabaab in Somalia. 41 were minors aged between 14 and 18 years. 88% of these victims of
trafficking were from Karamoja, with 98% originating from Napak District.22 This is a complex
problem which requires multi-faceted interventions by different stakeholders at different levels,
and simultaneously addressing both the key push and pull factors.
Support will also be provided under the KIDP3 for the formulation of community bye-laws at sub-
county level, as well as ordinances at district levels, on vices that are among the key factors
driving socially unacceptable behaviours within most of the communities. These include, but are
not limited to the following: (a) child neglect, child abuse, child protection and child trafficking; (b)
alcohol and drug abuse, which is a leading driver of Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV);
(c) domestic violence, and (d) Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Karamoja has the highest rates
in the country of not only child trafficking, but also alcohol and drug abuse. According to the 2020
UNHS, alcohol abuse in Karamoja was 47.8% compared to 14% in Teso; 13.8% in Elgon (Bugishu
and Sebei); 4.4% in Busoga; 6.9% in Bukedi. Substance abuse, including tobacco in Karamoja
was at 16.5%, which is the highest in the country, compared to 2.2% in Teso; 1.3% in Elgon
(Bugishu and Sebei); 1.2% in Busoga and 0.9% in Bukedi (UBOS 2021). Apart from formulation
of bye-laws and ordinances, support will also be provided for the enforcement of the bye-laws
and ordinances. When national laws are in place, for example, FGM, support will be provided to
ensure its effective enforcement. FGM in Karamoja is practiced among the Tepeth of Moroto
District, Kadam of Nakapiripirit district and Pokot of Amudat.
These interventions intended to achieve outcomes under the first cross-cutting issue of KIDP3
OUTCOME 1: MIND-SET CHANGE MAINSTREAMED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

KIDP3
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Community 1.1.1 Conduct mobilisation and awareness campaigns to turn community
mobilisation, attention against negative and/or harmful religious, traditional/cultural
sensitisation and practices and beliefs in Karamoja
education on mind-set 1.1.2 Hold public dialogues and community meetings in order to achieve
change in Karamoja mind-set change in support of peaceful co-existence with their
undertaken neighbours
1.1.3 Support the re-organisation of the Karamoja Annual Cultural Festival to
bring on board cultures from other parts of Uganda
1.1.4 Support the Tobong Lore Cultural Festival to encourage the Karamoja
diaspora to return home for positive mind-set impact on local
communities
1.1.5 Support an Annual Karamoja Marathon bringing on board athletes from
other parts of East Africa
22. See Simon Masaba, ‘Rescued Shabaab victims named’, New Vision 17 January 2020, pp. 5
124
1.1.6 Support increased involvement of different categories of Karamojong in
national events
1.1.7 Organise regular exposure visits for different categories of Karamojong
to other parts of Uganda and Eastern Africa where livestock production
has transformed successfully
1.1.8 Support annual commemoration of key Karamojong cultural events
such as Lokiriama Peace Accord in Moroto and Moru-a-Nayeche in
Kotido
1.1.9 Engage and support religious leaders to deliver messages on mind-set
changes in different platforms in Karamoja
Output 1.2: Robust 1.2.1 Hire behavioural scientists and Social Norms Change programming
media programming on experts to design a project to influence media content targeting
mind-set change different types media houses
developed and 1.2.2 Train media practitioners on conflict sensitive and mind-set change
implemented at all conscious media programming, reporting and broadcasting
levels in Karamoja 1.2.3 Identify and support media celebrities in Karamoja as Mind-set Change
Ambassadors in Karamoja
1.2.4 Hold regular radio talk shows on different aspects of mind-set change
in Karamoja
1.2.5 Support continuous online debates and discussions on different
aspects of mind-set change in Karamoja
Output 1.3: Mind-set 1.3.1 Support the establishment, construction and operationalization of a
change conscious public university in Karamoja
service delivery 1.3.2 Support delivery of the Pastoralism Policy Course designed by the Gulu
frameworks developed University Constituent College (GUCC) in Moroto to all public and
for public and private private sector service providers in Karamoja
sector actors in 1.3.3 Undertake district and sub-county workshops for national and district
Karamoja political leaders and elites to emphasise the need for them to become
role models for mind-set changes in Karamoja
1.3.4 Strengthen capacities of district, sub-county and parish structures to
mainstream mind-set change in their project planning and
implementation
1.3.5 Train security and law enforcement agencies in Karamoja in
undertaking mind-set change communication
1.3.6 Train, equip and re-tool the District and Sub-county Community
Development Offices in Karamoja to mainstream mind-set change in
service delivery interventions
1.3.7 Support religious leaders in Karamoja to mainstream mind-set change
while preaching to their followers.
Output 1.4: 1.4.1 Develop a compendium of cultural practices in Karamoja that
Interventions discriminate against different social categories, and recommend
undertaken to interventions to influence positive change
strengthen institutions 1.4.2 Support local political leaders and cultural elders to promote positive
and structures for changes in attitudes, social norms and cultural practices in Karamoja
promoting positive 1.4.3 Support formulation of bye-laws and ordinances on child neglect, abuse
changes in attitudes, child protection and child trafficking
social norms and 1.4.4 Support formulation and enforcement of bye-laws and ordinances on
alcohol and drug abuse in districts of Karamoja
125
cultural practices in 1.4.5 Support the enforcement of the laws on different forms of SGBV in
Karamoja districts of Karamoja, including FGM
OUTCOME 2: GENDER AND GENERATIONAL ISSUES MAINSTREAMED IN THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDP3
The second outcome that is planned to be achieved under the cross-cutting issues of the KIDP3
is ‘Gender and Generational issues mainstreamed in the implementation of the KIDP3’. The
mainstreaming of gender and generational issues does not focus only on simply increasing the
numbers of women, youth, children and older persons directly benefitting from the implementation
of the KIDP3. Interventions proposed in the KIDP3 will seek to economically empower poor
households by targeting both women and men, as well as the youth, in addition to focusing on
issues of children and older persons, and to the extent possible, People Living with Disabilities
(PWDs). The short-term objective is to strengthen their resilience by enhancing food security and
strengthening their livelihoods. The long-term goal is to change the power dynamics, internal to
households, that constrain these different categories from enjoying the maximum benefits from
the KIDP3 interventions. This calls for identifying the critical constraints faced by these different
social categories, which are targeted through KIDP3 development interventions, to achieve
effective socio-economic transformation of Karamoja. The KIDP3 emphasises the need to ensure
issues of men and women, youth and children, as well as perspectives of older persons and
cultural elders, are integrated in every intervention planned across all the programme areas of
the KIDP3. For any planned intervention, it will be necessary to assess how it differentially impacts
on these categories. The intention is to leverage maximum benefit from the positive effects, while
mitigating any likely negative consequences on these categories. The KIDP3 has integrated
several interventions that specifically seek to address the underlying, structural or systemic
gender and generational barriers in Karamoja. Gender mainstreaming will not only be for the
public sector actors, but also for the private sector and civil society, and non-formal institutions
such as the institutions of cultural elders, as long as the activities they are involved with are
aligned to the KIDP3.
Gender is also considered as a cross-cutting issue under various programmes of the NDPIII,
including human capital development (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 254), and community
mobilisation and mind-set change (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 185-9). Under this cross-cutting
issue, the underlying causes of discrimination and inequality among social categories in Karamoja
will be tackled to enable these different social categories to achieve their full potential in
contributing to the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja. This will be achieved by pursuing
the following outputs: (i) the mainstreaming of gender issues in the implementation of the KIDP3;
(ii) the mainstreaming of youth and children issues in the implementation of the KIDP3; (iii) the
mainstreaming of issues affecting older persons in Karamoja in the implementation of the KIDP3;
and (iv) the mainstreaming of issues affecting Karamojong traditional cultural institutions in the
implementation of the KIDP3. These outputs which will be pursued to achieve outcomes of the
KIDP3 are elaborated as follows:
126
Output 2.1: Gender issues mainstreamed in the implementation of the KIDP3
As a society which has suffered decades of virulent armed conflicts, high incidences of poverty
and widespread marginalisation, the majority of the population of Karamoja, whether male or
female, young or old, all suffer varying degrees of convoluted vulnerabilities. However, within the
context of a deeply patriarchal society, women are subjected to double vulnerabilities. The factors
that drive vulnerability of women, which are multiple, complex and deeply-rooted, need to be
understood alongside strategies that seek to tackle not only male privilege, but also male
vulnerabilities, in a conflict-sensitive manner. Increasingly, women suffer the most from adverse
impacts of armed conflicts in Karamoja. However, they can no longer be perceived only as victims
lacking agency. In the same way, men cannot be considered only as the key drivers of violence,
to the extent some categories of men have also been constructed as not only victims of gender-
based violence but also violence (Rottach et al 2018; Schei et al 2013).
Due to the complexities it entails, uplifting the socio-economic conditions of women requires more
than straight-jacketed women’s empowerment initiatives that target women at the expense of the
men in their lives, as well as other social categories, and which in the past have been blamed for
spiralling gender-based violence in the domestic sphere. As long as Karamojong women continue
to be negatively stereo-typed, Karamojong marginalisation by outsiders is more likely to continue
unabated, both overtly and covertly. This calls for the mainstreaming of gender into all aspects of
development projects and programmes at all levels of Karamojong society. In the KIDP3, an
integrated approach to gender mainstreaming is advocated for to address not only the root causes
of gender inequality, as entailed in Karamojong traditional cultural practices and institutions, but
also the factors that drive gender inequality such as gaps in the legal and policy frameworks and
weaknesses in the enforcement of the policies and laws. Sustainably empowering households in
the most effective manner, entails targeting both the male and female members of the households
to achieve socio-economic transformation of Karamoja. This necessitates ensuring that men and
women (and youth) are enabled to contribute to growth of the Karamojong economy in a
coordinated and consistent way.
Under the KIDP3, a study will be undertaken to identify and recommend strategies for addressing
cultural beliefs and practices as well as traditional institutions and structures that inhibit women’s
involvement in development in Karamoja. Interventions will be undertaken to promote equal
involvement and participation of women and men in decision making in the KIDP3 implementation
through public sector actors. Gender-disaggregated data will be generated on interventions
undertaken, and outcomes achieved from them, and the challenges faced during the KIDP3
implementation. Political leaders and technical staff at district, sub-county and parish levels will
be trained on the mainstreaming of gender in their development plans, budgeting processes, and
project implementation. Community mobilisation, sensitisation, awareness and education
activities will be undertaken on the rights of men and women, gender issues, and to explain why
it is important to enhance equal participation of men and women. There will be a strengthening of
the institutions and structures for addressing violations of the rights of vulnerable women and men
so as to actualize their full potential in both public and private spheres.
127
Output 2.2: Youth and children issues mainstreamed in the implementation of the KIDP3
Pervasive armed violence, associated with livestock thefts and raids in different parts of
Karamoja, undermined progress towards positive social norm changes that were consistent with
not only the equal participation of adolescents and children in projects for the social transformation
of Karamoja, but also improvement of their livelihoods. Many of the strategies that have been
proposed under the KIDP3 underline the importance of integrating considerations regarding youth
and children (both male and female) in order to ensure their participation in the implementation of
project activities so as to ensure maximum benefits.
Under the KIDP3, a study will be undertaken to identify and recommend strategies for addressing
cultural beliefs and practices, as well as traditional institutions and structures, that disadvantage
youth and children from benefiting from the dividends of development in Karamoja. Political
leaders and technical staff at district, sub-county and parish levels will be trained on how to
mainstream youth and children’s issues into their development plans, budgeting processes, and
project implementation. Data on outcomes achieved from, and challenges faced during the KIDP3
implementation that show the different experiences of youth and children (both male and female)
will be generated. Community mobilisation, sensitisation, awareness and education will be
undertaken on the rights of youth and children, and why it is important to protect their rights.
Support will also be provided for the establishment of Behaviour Change Communication clubs in
communities where life skills programmes are implemented for both in and out of school youth.
Youth camps will also be encouraged to enable holiday makers to come and share their life
experiences with both in and out of school youth. Lastly, institutions and structures that address
violations of rights of vulnerable youth and children to ensure improved livelihoods in the public
and private spheres will be strengthened.
Output 2.3: Issues affecting older Persons in Karamoja mainstreamed in the

implementation of the KIDP3
During the KIDP2, a cash transfer scheme under the Vulnerable Family Grants (VGS) component
of Social Assistance Grants for Empowerment (SAGE) was implemented. Through SAGE, a grant
of UGX. 25,000 per month is paid to the elderly and greatly benefitted elderly persons in
Karamoja. By December 2020, the number of elderly persons that had benefitted from the grants
were as follows: 4,447 in Moroto; 7,642 in Napak; and nearly the same numbers in the other
districts of Karamoja. SAGE project beneficiaries have to be 80 years and above, and yet in
Karamoja, it is not easy to live that long. Initially the age was 50 years, but was then increased to
80. This leaves out many old persons in Karamoja. The SAGE monthly grants to the elderly of
UGX. 25,000/= were still way below the poverty line, and were even then not reaching all the
elderly persons. While the SAGE grants were a welcome reprieve for the few elderly persons who
were benefitting, and had no other alternatives, more people need to be brought on board, and
the amounts need to be increased by reducing their administrative overheads. Under the KIDP3,
an engagement with the service providers will be undertaken seeking the restructuring and
expansion of the social protection programmes to make them more inclusive in Karamoja.
128
Like previous integrated development plans, the KIDP3 also pays close attention to the plight of
older persons. Under the KIDP3, a study to identify and recommend strategies for addressing
factors responsible for the vulnerability of older persons in Karamoja will be undertaken. Political
leaders and technical staff at district, sub-county and parish levels will be trained on how to
mainstream issues affecting older persons in their development plans, budgeting processes, and
project implementation. Data on outcomes achieved from, and challenges faced during the KIDP3
implementation, specifically showing experiences of older persons (both male and female), will
be generated. The implementation of the SAGE cash transfer scheme will be restructured for
more inclusive social protection. Community mobilisation, sensitisation, awareness and education
on rights of older persons, and why it is important to protect their rights, will be undertaken.
Institutions and structures for addressing violations of rights of older persons in the public and
private spheres will be strengthened to ensure improve livelihoods.
Output 2.4: Issues affecting Karamojong traditional institutions mainstreamed in the

implementation of the KIDP3
While the Karamojong patriarchal governance system is to be blamed for some of the most potent
barriers to sustainable resilience at all levels, it should also be seen as an opportunity. The elders,
foretellers, kraal leaders and the like should be used as pathways to channel the much-needed
mind-set shifts. Their involvement in the KIDP3 will augment positive behaviour change in the
long run. Under the KIDP3, a study will be undertaken to identify and recommend strategies for
enhancing the contribution of cultural elders to the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja.
Political leaders and technical staff at district, sub-county and parish levels will be trained on
mainstreaming issues affecting traditional cultural institutions in their development plans,
budgeting processes, and project implementation. Data on outcomes achieved from, and
challenges faced during KIDP3 implementation, specifically showing experiences of cultural
institutions, will be generated.
Interventions will be undertaken to strengthen capacities of cultural institutions and structures for
decision making in communities for mind-set change communication. To the extent the
implementation of the KIDP3 is gender mainstreamed, the integration of issues affecting
Karamojong traditional cultural institutions in the KIDP3 necessarily calls for the need to enhance
opportunities for women to impact decision making on the KIDP3 implementation. To this end,
cultural institutions will be engaged to enhance opportunities for women, youth and children
issues to impact decision making on the KIDP3 implementation. This should not in any way be
misconstrued as undermining the authority of traditional institutions, but for ensuring women,
youth and children are afforded maximum opportunities to impact decision making on the KIDP3
implementation through the traditional assembly of women, which are associated with the main
assembly of cultural elders called the akiriket.
These interventions intended to achieve outcomes under the second cross-cutting issue of KIDP3
129
OUTCOME 2: GENDER AND GENERATIONAL ISSUES MAINSTREAMED IN THE
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Gender issues 2.1.1 Undertake a study to identify and recommend strategies for
mainstreamed in the addressing cultural beliefs and practices as well as traditional
implementation of the KIDP3 institutions and structures that inhibit women’s involvement in
development in Karamoja
2.1.2 Undertake intervention to promote equal involvement and participation
of women and men in decision making in the KIDP3 implementation
through public sector actors
2.1.3 Generate gender-disaggregated data on interventions undertaken,
outcomes achieved from, and challenges faced during KIDP3
implementation
2.1.4 Train political leaders and technical staff at District, Sub-county and
Parish levels on mainstreaming gender in their development plans,
budgeting processes, and project implementation.
2.1.5 Undertake community mobilisation, sensitisation, awareness and
education on rights of men and women, gender issues, to explain why
it is important to enhance equal participation of men and women
2.1.6 Strengthen institutions and structures for addressing violations of
rights of vulnerable women and men so as to actualize their full
potential in the public and private spheres
Output 2.2: Youth and 2.2.1 Undertake a study to identify and recommend strategies for
Children issues mainstreamed addressing cultural beliefs and practices as well as traditional
in the implementation of the institutions and structures that disadvantage youth and children from
benefiting from dividends of development in Karamoja
KIDP3
2.2.2 Train political leaders and technical staff at District, Sub-county and
Parish levels on how to mainstream youth and children issues in their
development plans, budgeting processes, and project implementation.
2.2.3 Generate data on outcomes achieved from, and challenges faced
during KIDP3 implementation that show the different experiences of
youth and children (both male and female)
education on rights of youth and children, and why it is important to
protect their rights
2.2.5 Establish Behaviour Change Communication clubs in communities for
implementing life skills programmes for both in and out of school
youth at district level in Karamoja
2.2.6 Hold youth camps for holiday makers to share their life experiences
with others youth, both in-school and out-of-school at least once a
year in Karamoja
2.2.7 Strengthen institutions and structures that address violations of rights
of vulnerable youth and children to ensure improved livelihoods in the
public and private spheres
Output 2.3: Issues affecting 2.3.1 Undertake a study to identify and recommend strategies for
Older Persons in Karamoja addressing factors responsible for the vulnerability of older persons in
mainstreamed in the Karamoja
implementation of the KIDP3 2.3.2 Train political leaders and technical staff at District, Sub-county and
Parish levels on how to mainstream issues affecting older persons in
130
their development plans, budgeting processes, and project
implementation
during KIDP3 implementation, specifically showing experiences of
older persons (both male and female)
2.3.4 Restructure the implementation of the cash transfer scheme under the
Vulnerable Family Grants (VGS) component of Social Assistance
Grants for Empowerment (SAGE) for more inclusive social protection
education on rights of older persons and why it is important to protect
their rights
2.3.7 Strengthen institutions and structures for addressing violations of
rights of older persons in the public and private spheres to ensure
improved livelihoods
Output 2.4: Issues affecting 2.4.1 Undertake a study to identify and recommend strategies for enhancing
Karamojong traditional the contribution of cultural elders to socio-economic transformation of
institutions mainstreamed in Karamoja
the implementation of the 2.4.2 Train political leaders and technical staff at District, Sub-county and
KIDP3 Parish levels on mainstreaming issues affecting cultural institutions in
their development plans, budgeting processes, and project
implementation.
during KIDP3 implementation, specifically showing experiences of
cultural institutions
OUTCOME 3: CONFLICT SENSITIVE PROGRAMMING MAINSTREAMED IN THE

The third outcome that is planned to be achieved under the cross-cutting issues of the KIDP3 is
‘Conflict Sensitive Programming mainstreamed in the implementation of the KIDP3’. Armed
conflicts and insecurity in Karamoja have for long remained endemic, with different ethnic groups
fighting against each other, and sometimes conflicts breaking out within ethnic groups, and
especially between members of different sub-clans. The inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts
have mainly been precipitated by thefts and raids of livestock; small arms proliferation; a deeply
entrenched warrior culture; as well as certain social and cultural practices such as payment of a
high bride price for Karamojong brides. One of the consequences of pervasive armed conflicts
and insecurity in Karamoja has been chronic poverty and livelihood insecurity. The latter in very
many cases, has also been a cause and driver of armed conflicts, making chronic poverty and
livelihood insecurity on one hand, and armed conflicts on the other hand mutually reinforcing. The
Karamojong elite, including the political leaders and the cultural elders, have often been criticised
for failing to positively impact on conflict and insecurity in the region. The weakening of traditional
systems of governance is an issue, but the inability of the formal authority structures to ensure
effective enforcement of law and order has also been blamed for the recurrence of armed conflicts
in the region.
131
Given such a context, every initiative likely to be undertaken in the interest of achieving socio-
economic transformation in Karamoja is bound to be affected by the endemic conflicts, while at
the same impacting the very context it aims to change, both positively and negatively. Since the
NRM came to power in 1986, the pacification and development of Karamoja has been a priority
as exhibited in 10 Point Programme and well as the successive disarmament and development
interventions, starting with the 2007 KIDDP. The struggle to end insecurity while laying the
foundation for the socio-economic transformation of Karamoja continued under KIDP1 and
KIDP2; and under KIDP3, interventions have been proposed that will build on this foundation. The
impact of conflicts is so deeply engrained in the lives of the people of Karamoja, that all efforts
made to improve the wellbeing of the population bear the hallmarks of the effects of armed
conflicts. The KIDP3 is conscious of the fact that solving one problem in Karamoja often creates
a completely new problem, which if not resolved creates conditions for the recurrence of armed
conflicts. This means that development interventions always have to understand how the
underlying conflict context is likely to influence interventions and outcomes, as well as being
cautious not to increase conflicts as a result of the interventions being proposed and undertaken.
This calls for the mainstreaming of conflict-sensitivity in the implementation of the KIDP3.
Although conflict-sensitivity is not underscored in the NDPIII, conflict is considered as an

underlying constraint that drives poverty (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 19). Under this cross-cutting
issue, service providers in the public and private sector will be mobilised to ensure they are aware
of the potential conflict effects of their interventions. This will be achieved by pursuing the following
outputs: (i) Conflict-sensitive service delivery frameworks developed for public and private sector
actors in Karamoja; (ii) Conflict-sensitive analyses of development interventions undertaken to
reduce armed conflicts in Karamoja, and; (iii) Conflict sensitivity mainstreamed in the routine
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the KIDP3. These outputs which will
be pursued to achieve outcomes of the KIDP3 are elaborated as follows:
Output 3.1: Conflict-sensitive service delivery frameworks developed for public and private
sector actors in Karamoja
Some service providers in the public sectors (representatives of the centre undertaking project
implementation in Karamoja, including government Ministries, Departments and Agencies) as
well as private sector (representatives of development partners, Civil society and NGO actors as
well as business entities) operating in Karamoja go about their various undertakings in Karamoja
in ways that are not conflict-sensitive. Some are completely oblivious to how their interventions
sometimes negatively impact the conflict context. For many of the public and private sector actors
involved, service delivery in Karamoja is an output box for ticking once an intervention is
undertaken.
Under the KIDP3, it will not be taken for granted that by being a leader from Karamoja, at national,
district and sub-county level, or by being a civil society actor in Karamoja, that there is automatic
awareness of what it means to be conflict-sensitive. A deliberate effort will be made to train
political leaders, elites and civil society from Karamoja on tools and instruments for conflict-
sensitive leadership so that they can offer appropriate guidance to local communities. A
132
framework will be developed to ensure that service delivery in Karamoja is undertaken in a
conflict-sensitive manner. This calls for training of all service delivery providers in the public and
private sector in conflict sensitive project planning and implementation. Local Government
Authorities at district, sub-county and parish levels in Karamoja will be trained on the
mainstreaming of conflict-sensitivity in not only development plans but also implementation of
project activities.
The training of security sector actors, as well as Justice, law and Order sector (JLOS) actors, will
focus on revealing how their interventions can promote greater conflict sensitivity as a strategy to
reduce the negative impact of their interventions on the conflict context in Karamoja. There have
been claims for example, that some security sector actors hailing from Teso deployed in Karamoja
act in ways that are not conflict-sensitive. They have, for example, been blamed for refusing to
track raided animals, claiming that they did not join the army to die for Karamojong cattle.
Cultural institutions and structures will also be trained on the mainstreaming of conflict sensitivity
in traditional decision-making processes. The above trainings will be undertaken in collaboration
with national level research training institutes, such as the Centre for Basic Research (CBR),
Kampala. Lastly, the different media practitioners in Karamoja will be trained on conflict-sensitive
media programming and broadcasting, especially in order to contribute to de-escalation of armed
conflicts, addressing any misinformation that may be taking place, while countering divisive
narratives that may be driving the armed conflicts. The latter training will be undertaken with,
among others, the African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME), Kampala.
Output 3.2: Conflict-sensitive analyses of development interventions undertaken to reduce

armed conflicts in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, it is proposed that all service providers at district, sub-county and parish levels
will be trained on the fundamentals of undertaking conflict context analyses to identify roots
causes, drivers and triggers of armed conflicts in their local areas. There are several on-going
development interventions in Karamoja under NUSAFIII, the Development Initiatives for Northern
Uganda (DINU), the Dryland Husbandry project, UWEP, the YLP, Emyooga initiatives, among
others. These will be subjected to a conflict sensitive analysis to inform new programme and
project strategies, as well as mitigate adverse impacts on the current conflict context in Karamoja;
including their inability to address underlying conflict causes and drivers. The intention is also to
ensure that these development interventions do not exacerbate armed conflicts. One of the
objectives that will be pursued in enhancing capacity for conflict-sensitive assessments will be to
identify how different conflict-affected categories are impacted by post-conflict development
interventions, in order to mitigate adverse effects of conflicts on the livelihoods of the most
affected categories. Particular attention will be placed on the following social categories, among
others: women, youth, children, older persons, and people living with disabilities. The District and
Sub-county Community Development Offices in Karamoja will be trained, equipped and re-tooled
to undertake continuous conflict-sensitive assessments of community development initiatives.
133
Output 3.3: Conflict-sensitivity mainstreamed in the routine monitoring and evaluation
(M&E) of the implementation of the KIDP3
Under the KIDP3, all the staff of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based programme
officers will be trained on how to integrate conflict-sensitivity in the routine Monitoring and
Evaluation (M&E) of the KIDP3 implementation. This among others, will necessitate that
assessment of the conflict context be undertaken during any routine M&E function, including the
monthly, quarterly and other reporting schedules. The KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based
programme officers will be supported to collect data on the factors driving conflicts as well as
changes taking place in the conflict context to inform the M&E of the KIDP3. The KIDP3
Coordinating Unit will prepare an annual report on the analysis of the conflict context in Karamoja
to identify changing dynamics of the armed conflicts, its roots causes, drivers and triggers; as well
as the peace dividends achieved. It is within the domain of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit to identify
and amplify these peace dividends since it is within its mandate to enhance short-term peace
making and long-term peace building.
These interventions intended to achieve outcomes under the third cross-cutting issue of KIDP3
OUTCOME 3: CONFLICT SENSITIVE PROGRAMING MAINSTREAMED IN THE

Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Conflict- 3.1.1 Train national and district political leaders, elites and civil society in
sensitive service delivery Karamoja on tools and instruments for conflict-sensitive leadership
frameworks developed and guidance of local communities
for public and private 3.1.2 Train Local Government Authorities at district, sub-county and parish
sector actors in levels on the mainstreaming of conflict-sensitivity in not only
Karamoja development plans but also implementation of project activities
3.1.3 Train security sector actors as well as Justice, law and Order sector
(JLOS) actors on conflict-sensitive development programming to
reduce the negative impact of their interventions on the conflict
context in Karamoja
3.1.4 Train cultural institutions and structures on the mainstreaming of
conflict-sensitivity in traditional decision making processes
3.1.5 Train the different media practitioners in Karamoja on conflict-sensitive
media programming and broadcasting
Output 3.2: Conflict- 3.2.1 Train service providers at district, sub-county and parish levels on the
sensitive analyses of fundamentals of undertaking conflict context analyses to identify roots
development causes, drivers and triggers of armed conflicts in their local areas
interventions undertaken 3.2.2 Undertake a conflict-sensitive analysis of on-going development
to reduce armed interventions in Karamoja to inform new programme and project
conflicts in Karamoja strategies as well as mitigate adverse impact on the current conflict
context.
3.2.3 Identify social categories most adversely affected by armed conflicts to
mitigate effects of armed conflicts on their livelihoods, focusing among
134
others, on: women, youth, children, older persons, and people living
with disabilities (PWDs).
3.2.4 Train, equip and re-tool the District and Sub-county Community
Development Offices in Karamoja to undertake continuous conflict-
sensitive assessments of community development initiatives
Output 3.3: Conflict 3.3.1 Train the staff of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based
sensitivity mainstreamed programme officers to integrate conflict-sensitivity in the routine M&E
in the routine monitoring of the KIDP3 implementation
and evaluation (M&E) of 3.3.2 Support the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based programme
the implementation of officers to collect data on the factors driving conflicts as well changes
the KIDP3 taking place in the conflict context to inform the M&E of the KIDP3
3.3.3 Prepare an annual report on the analysis of the conflict context in
Karamoja to identify changing dynamics of the armed conflicts, its
roots causes, drivers and triggers, as well as the peace dividends
achieved
OUTCOME 4: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

INTEGRATED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDP3
The fourth outcome that is planned to be achieved under the cross-cutting issues of the KIDP3 is
‘Climate Change impact, adaptation and mitigation integrated in the implementation of the KIDP3’.
The adverse climatic factors in Karamoja are an enduring and serious constraint to all
interventions undertaken to socio-economically develop and transform Karamoja, to the extent
that they not only increase the intensity of stress factors that undermine availability of natural
resources and general ecosystem health, but they also intensify poverty incidence in the
population of Karamoja. The adversity of the climate in Karamoja is already a given, but it has
now been further complicated by the continuously changing climatic conditions in Karamoja. The
latter has significantly affected management of environment resources for the sustenance of the
livelihoods of the population in Karamoja. Any interventions aimed at improving the livelihoods of
the Karamojong now needs to strengthen the capacity of the majority to adapt to climate and to
mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.
High levels of poverty have driven many people in Karamoja into either dependence on the
harvesting of climate-sensitive resources, or reliance on livelihood alternatives that are
deleterious to the fragile environmental resources. This means, to reduce poverty sustainably,
there is a need to strengthen capacity in communities, and at all levels of government, to
undertake interventions for the preservation and regeneration of the fragile ecosystem in
Karamoja. This can best be achieved by mainstreaming climate change within the frameworks
through which interventions for the development of Karamoja are being undertaken by
government and development partners. Doing so will leverage not only policy focus, but also
requisite resources for supporting climate adaptation and mitigation at all levels of government,
by the different stakeholders supporting the development of Karamoja (see UNDP and UNEP
2011).
135
Many development projects implemented during the KIDP1 and KIDP2 in Karamoja are having
unintended adverse effects on the environment whose magnitude may have not been anticipated
five years ago. The environmental degradation in the areas where open cast mining has been
taking place is already a cause of concern. The emergence of new urban areas and several small
rural growth centres is already taking its toll on the fragile environment through increased
demands for building materials, such as poles, gravel, sand, stone, as well as sources of cooking
energy in the form of charcoal and firewood. Without mainstreaming environmental considerations
into the implementation of development interventions, development outcomes could undermine
not only environment and ecosystem health, but also sustainable improvement of the livelihoods
of the population in Karamoja. The interventions for mainstreaming climate change adaptation
and mitigation proposed under the KIDP3 are anchored around the search for the best possible
alternatives to ensure current use of the environment and natural resources does not compromise
natural regeneration and the interests of posterity for short-term gain, as well as ensuring that
capacities of communities to respond to shocks associated with climate change are strengthened
to increase community resilience.
While the NDPIII articulates climate change as an underlying constraint that drives poverty
(Republic of Uganda 2020b, 19), climate change consciousness is not mainstreamed across
programmes, but treated as a stand-alone programme to the extent that Uganda in general is
considered extremely vulnerable to adverse consequences of climate change. In Karamoja, this
manifests in the form of rising temperatures and prolonged and severe droughts, as well as more
erratic rainfall which also causes severe floods (Republic of Uganda 2020b, 230). Under this
cross-cutting issue, the population and stakeholders in Karamoja will be mobilised to ensure
sustainable environment and natural resources management in Karamoja. This will be achieved
by pursuing the following outputs: (i) Community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on
climate change adaptation and mitigation in the KIDP3 undertaken in Karamoja; (ii) Climate
change adaptation and mitigation mainstreamed in the service delivery frameworks in Karamoja,
and; (iii) Climate change impact analyses mainstreamed in the routine monitoring and evaluation
(M&E) of the implementation of the KIDP3. These outputs which will be pursued to achieve
outcomes of the KIDP3 are elaborated as follows:
Output 4.1: Community mobilisation, sensitisation and education on climate change

adaptation and mitigation in the KIDP3 undertaken in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, annual studies will be undertaken to reveal the impact of climate change on the
development of Karamoja in general, and the livelihoods of the Karamojong in particular. These
studies will provide entry points for mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation in
the implementation of the KIDP3. These studies will reveal the linkages between climate change
and development in Karamoja, especially how climate change adversely impacts not only
development but also livelihoods of individuals in the region. This will help to define what needs
to be done to support adaptation by poor households to mitigate adverse impacts of climate
change. Communities will be mobilised, sensitised and educated on the impact of climate change
on their livelihoods. Communities will be trained on climate change adaptation and mitigation to
enhance resilience to associated shocks and disasters. Service providers in Karamoja will also
136
be trained on integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to enhance
community resilience to shocks and disasters associated with climate change.
Output 4.2: Climate Change adaptation and mitigation mainstreamed in the service
delivery frameworks in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, local government officials at district, sub-county and parish levels will be trained
on how to analyse the impact of climate change on their performance in different service delivery
areas. Local government officials at district, sub-county and parish levels will be trained on how
to integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation in their development plans and service
delivery interventions. Private sector actors will also be trained on climate change adaptation and
mitigation in their interventions at district, sub-county and parish levels in Karamoja. The different
media practitioners in Karamoja will also be trained on climate change adaptation and mitigation
in media activities.
Output 4.3: Climate change impact analyses mainstreamed in the routine monitoring and
evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the KIDP3
Under the KIDP3, the staff of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based programme officers
will be trained on integrating the impact of climate change as well as climate adaptation and
mitigation in the routine M&E of the KIDP3 implementation. The KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and
district-based programme officers will collect data on climate change impact, adaptation and
mitigation in Karamoja to inform the M&E of the KIDP3 implementation. The KIDP Coordinating
Unit will prepare annual reports analysing the impact of climate change, as well as climate change
adaptation and mitigation in Karamoja to inform the analysis of the outcomes and impact of
KIDP3.
These interventions intended to achieve outcomes under the fourth cross-cutting issue of KIDP3
OUTCOME 4: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION INTEGRATED

IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDP3
Outputs Activities
Output 4.1: Community 4.1.1 Undertake annual analyses to reveal the impact of climate change on
mobilisation, sensitisation the development of Karamoja in general, and the livelihoods of the
and education on climate Karamojong in particular
change adaptation and 4.1.2 Undertake mobilisation, sensitisation and education of communities
in Karamoja on the impact of climate change on their livelihoods
mitigation in the KIDP3
4.1.2 Train communities in Karamoja on climate change adaptation and
undertaken in Karamoja
mitigation to enhance resilience associated shocks and disasters
4.1.3 Train service providers on integrating climate change adaptation and
mitigation measures to enhance community resilience to shocks and
disasters associated with climate change
4.2.1 Train local government officials at district, sub-county and parish
levels in Karamoja on how to analyse the impact of climate change
on their performance in selected service delivery areas
137
Output 4.2: Climate Change 4.2.2 Train local government officials at district, sub-county and parish
adaptation and mitigation levels on integrating Climate Change adaptation and mitigation in
mainstreamed in their development plans
the service delivery 4.2.3 Train private sectors on Climate Change adaptation and mitigation in
frameworks in Karamoja their interventions at district, sub-county and parish levels in
Karamoja
4.2.4 Train the different media practitioners in Karamoja on Climate Change
adaptation and mitigation in media activities
Output 4.3: Climate change 4.3.1 Train the staff of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based
impact analyses programme officers on integrating the impact of climate change as
mainstreamed in the routine well as climate adaptation and mitigation in the routine M&E of the
monitoring and evaluation KIDP3 implementation
(M&E) of the implementation 4.3.2 Support the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit and district-based programme
of the KIDP3 officers to collect data on climate change impact, adaptation and
mitigation in Karamoja to inform the M&E of the KIDP3
implementation
4.3.3 Prepare an annual report on the analysis of the impact of climate
change, as well as climate change adaptation and mitigation in
Karamoja to inform the analysis of the outcomes and impact of
KIDP3
OUTCOME 5: PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT INTEGRATED

IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KIDP3
The fifth outcome that will be achieved under the cross-cutting issues of the KIDP3 is ‘Private
Sector involvement and engagement integrated in the implementation of the KIDP3’. The KIDP3
is aligned to the NDPIII in that it seeks, among others, to strengthen the capacity of the private
sector to create jobs and drive growth. The KIDP3 is also aligned to the government’s Private
Sector Development (PSD) programme that aims to increase the competitiveness of the private
sector so that it can drive sustainable inclusive growth (Republic of Uganda 2020c). To the extent
that the country is pursuing a private sector led growth strategy, efforts will be made under the
KIDP3 to create an enabling environment for the private sector to thrive, without necessarily
undermining the public sector. While the insecurity in Karamoja affects PSD, it is recognised in
the KIDP3 that improvement in overall security in Karamoja, notwithstanding the immanent
challenges, presents significant opportunities for increasing the involvement and engagement of
the private sector in all the planned programmes of the KIDP3. Among others, this calls for
exploring ways of fully exploiting the potential for expanding private sector involvement in areas
of intervention under the KIDP3 where they have no presence, or where their presence is minimal.
This private sector is constituted largely by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs),
mostly in informal off-farm activities.
The private sector is a key ally in the implementation of the KIDP3, at all levels and in all
programmes. The private sector is a key stakeholder because they are among those actors who
are seriously affected when development in Karamoja does not succeed in the ways in which it is
meant to. This private sector includes both indigenous Karamojong, as well as non-indigenous
138
private sector actors from other parts of Uganda and the world. With the restoration of relative
security in most parts of Karamoja, private sector investment has increased in numerous nascent
areas. Among others, these include: agro-processing and trade sectors, especially in processing
and value addition to crops and livestock products; telecommunications; banking; education;
health; tourism; as well as industry and manufacturing. There has also been a lot of interest in
investing in sustainable energy. Many private sector actors are involved in the extractives, such
as mining and mineral development, as well as exploitation of the resources from the environment
and natural resources in Karamoja. These initiatives need to be supported to increase the survival
of business enterprises, many of which are family based with no formal skills, no clear addresses,
and usually operating in an informal manner using basic technology. This undermines the ability
of these enterprises to gain access to services such as advanced technology, information or
financial services to enable them to compete favourably in the market (Republic of Uganda
2017a). There are also areas under the KIDP3 where private sector involvement needs to be
encouraged, such as: safe water provision, water for production, and sanitation and hygiene
promotion. Water for production is dominated by the public sector.
This cross-cutting issue is aligned with the NDPIII programme on private sector development
(Republic of Uganda 2020b, 117-122). Under this cross-cutting issue, the private sector, both
indigenous and foreign will be mobilised, incentivised and nurtured to support the implementation
of all the planned programmes and intervention areas under the KIDP3. This will be achieved by
pursuing the following outputs: (i) Interventions undertaken to support the development of the
private sector in Karamoja, and; (ii) the private sector supported to promote inclusive development
in Karamoja. These outputs which will be pursued to achieve outcomes of the KIDP3 are
elaborated as follows:
Output 5.1: Interventions undertaken to support the development of the private sector in
Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, interventions will be undertaken to reduce obstacles to doing business in
Karamoja. The focus will be to ease the processes of starting a business, registering a business,
getting a trading licence, accessing electricity, getting credit, enforcing contracts, paying taxes,
among others. Prospective private sector actors will be trained on how to start small-scale
business enterprises. Private sector actors will also be trained on how to register and formalise
their business enterprises. A campaign will be undertaken to encourage registered business
enterprises to join business associations for enhanced lobby and advocacy. Support will be
provided to coordinate initiatives for business skills training for indigenous MSMEs in Karamoja.
Interventions will be undertaken to reduce obstacles to the expansion of trade in goods and
services across borders in Karamoja. The organisational and institutional capacity of the private
sector will be strengthened to increase their competitiveness and sustainability to promote
economic growth in Karamoja. Lastly, the capacity of the District Commercial Offices in Karamoja
will be strengthened to facilitate trade development services.
Output 5.2: The private sector supported to promote inclusive and sustainable
development in Karamoja
139
There in a need to nurture the indigenous private sector in Karamoja. The KIDP3 advocates for
awarding more service delivery contracts under the KIDP3 to more indigenous private sector
actors in Karamoja. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) will be promoted in some of the
investments proposed under the KIDP3. To the that extent private sector development in
Karamoja is mainstreamed in the KIDP3, it will also integrate all the other cross-cutting issues of
the KIDP3, including mainstreaming gender, for example by ensuring as many men and women
are involved in the private sector. Barriers that inhibit participation of women and men in private
sector businesses will also be targeted. Issues affecting youth (especially employment creation)
will also be tackled in the support that will be extended in developing the private sector in
Karamoja. The KIDP3 emphasises the need to ensure private sector interventions do not
occasion any harm to any social category, or to the physical environment where interventions will
be undertaken. It is important for the private sector to minimise risks of exacerbating conflicts.
One of the ways the private sector will address issues affecting children, older persons and
cultural institutions, for example, is by putting in place a robust Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) programme that ensures conflict sensitivity and climate change conscious interventions
among other responsibilities. Private sector actors will be supported to set up business
enterprises in the Moroto-Napak industrial park. Lastly, annual studies will be undertaken to
review the rate of growth of private sector, identify challenges and make recommendations on
what needs to be done to strengthen it further.
These interventions intended to achieve outcomes under the fifth cross-cutting issue of KIDP3
OUTCOME 5: PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT INTEGRATED IN THE

Outputs Activities
Output 5.1: Interventions 5.1.1 Undertake interventions to reduce obstacles to doing business in
undertaken to support the Karamoja (starting a business, registering a business, getting a
development of the private trading licence, accessing electricity, getting credit, enforcing
contracts, paying taxes, among others)
sector in Karamoja
5.1.2 Train prospective private sector actors on how to start small-scale
business enterprises
5.1.3 Support private sector actors to register and formalise their business
enterprises.
5.1.4 Undertake a campaign to encourage registered business enterprises
to join business associations for enhanced lobby and advocacy
5.1.5 Support coordination of initiatives for business skills training for
indigenous MSMEs in Karamoja
5.1.6 Undertake interventions to reduce obstacles to the expansion of trade
in goods and services across borders in Karamoja
5.1.7 Strengthen organisational and institutional capacity of the private
sector to increase their competitiveness and sustainability to
promote economic growth in Karamoja
5.1.8 Strengthen capacity of the District Commercial Offices in Karamoja
to facilitate trade development services
140
Output 5.2: the private 5.2.1 Advocate for award of service delivery contracts under the KIDP3 to
sector supported to promote more indigenous private sector actors in Karamoja
inclusive development in 5.2.2 Promote Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in some of the investments
Karamoja proposed under the KIDP3
5.2.3 Mainstream gender and generational in private sector interventions
as well as interventions for PSD
5.2.4 Address issues affecting children, older persons and cultural elders
as part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by the private
sector
5.2.5 Support private sector actors to set up business enterprises in the
Moroto-Napak industrial park
5.2.7 Undertake annual studies to review the growth rate of the private
sector, identify challenges and make recommendation for
improvement
141
3 SECTION THREE: KIDP3 ASSUMPTIONS, RISKS, THREATS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
3.1 ASSUMPTIONS MADE DURING THE KIDP3 DESIGN
Two key assumptions have been made during the design of the KIDP3 that are likely to have an
enduring effect if they are not addressed adequately. These are:
1. The KIDP3 is both a plan as well as a framework for mobilising resources. It is assumed
that there will be high levels of stakeholder buy-in and engagement in the implementation
of the various planned activities under the KIDP3.
2. The complexity of the current context in Karamoja is such that a vicious cycle prevails in
the factors that lead to high incidences of poverty and pervasiveness of armed conflicts,
and widespread environment and natural resources degradation. The assumption made
in the design of the KIDP3 is that there will be an enabling environment characterised by
peace, security and stability to make it possible for these interventions to be implemented
efficiently and effectively.
It was also assumed that the KIDP3 implementing agencies will undertake multi-stakeholder
and multi-level interventions that strengthen the capacity of beneficiaries to systematically
address all these inter-connected factors in an integrated manner. Since the implementation
of project activities under the KIDP3 will bring on board many private sector actors—and will
take place in communities scattered all over Karamoja, some of them in extremely remote
locations—it is assumed that local authorities in the areas where implementation will take
place will be adequately supported and facilitated to undertake monitoring and evaluation of
the KIDP3 implementation in order to reduce pilferages of financial resources which is likely
to arise from poor accountability.
3.2 THE KIDP3 RISKS, THREATS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The KIDP3 contains projects that will be implemented in many different parts of Karamoja. Some
parts of Karamoja are faced with more conflicts than other areas, especially in communities along
the international borders with Kenya and South Sudan, as well as in communities that are
considered as dry season areas of dispersal for herders. There are significant risks related to
armed conflicts in these areas. Climate change has taken its toll on many parts of Karamoja
already, especially those which have suffered prolonged severe droughts, and other that have
been rendered uninhabitable due to flooding. These factors constitute the broad dimensions of
risk that the implementation of the KIDP3 is likely to encounter over the next five years. These
risks can be categorised as follows:
142
Assessment of KIDP3 Risks and Threats, and Possible Mitigation Measures
Nature of Risks Probability of Possible Mitigation measures
its occurrence
Environmental Risks
Outbreak of natural disasters High Interventions planned under the KIDP3 should
such as locusts. integrate measures to ensure the effects of natural
COVID-19 will undermine the disasters can be effectively mitigated at community
implementation of the KIDP3 level. Analysis is needed to properly understand how
lock-down is affecting the people of Karamoja, and to
find out how best to strengthen the capacity of
households to respond.
Mining operations lead to Medium to High Undertake sensitisation of ASM on the use of
serious environmental hazardous products in their mining operations; enforce
degradation laws on restoration by investors in mining activities;
clarify responsibilities to mining firms before
commencement of operations. The ban on the use of
mercury in gold mining must be strictly enforced.
Water for production facilities High Ensure community-based management systems for
likely to be mismanaged due to delivering O&M functions are established and
absence of functional O&M supported to operate effectively. Explore feasibility of
systems contracting private sector to deliver O&M functions.
Capacity of communities to Low to medium The Karamojong have always had coping mechanisms
respond to effects of climate in times of crises. There is need to integrate disaster
change is weak risk reduction initiatives in interventions being
undertaken in areas worst affected by climate change.
Livelihoods of communities Medium to high The districts have sufficient resources to prepare
living in the low-lying areas in adequately to intervene, or to mitigate impacts after it
the western parts of Karamoja has happened. Support training of farmers in soil and
likely to be affected by flash water conservation technologies to protect fragile
flooding ecosystems in greenbelt areas.
Livelihoods of communities in Medium to High Strengthen capacity of households to adapt to
the Eastern parts of Karamoja alternative sources of livelihood to reduce the
will be affected by droughts occurrence of adverse effects during droughts and
which have become severe and other disasters.
prolonged
Adoption of tree planting High Integrate support for tree planting within other
unlikely to gain momentum interventions undertaken in the public sector. In
because of high costs involved addition, tree planting should be encouraged on land
in managing woodlots leased to private investors, and should be integrated
with crops to avoid monocultures.
Heavy infrastructure Medium to High High risk due to planned tarmac roads and ever-more
investment, especially districts. Construction of new roads, main destructor of
construction of roads, schools, natural environment, should be reduced to minimum.
health centres, etc., affects the Interventions should be undertaken to address
environment negatively increase demands for natural resources during
infrastructure development interventions; explore
alternative sources of building materials to replace the
143
use of burnt bricks; encourage the use of sustainable
energy sources such as solar, wind and gas.
Socio-economic and cultural Risks
Incidence of poverty in Medium to High Multi-level, multi-stakeholder interventions need to be
Karamoja is unlikely to undertaken in a holistic and integrated manner. A lot of
decrease in the short-run due to resources are needed to: target mind-set changes;
disjointed development focus interventions on strengthening pastoralist-based
interventions livelihoods; diversify sources of livelihoods of the
Karamojong; undertake lots of skills trainings; offer
graduates support for business start-ups.
Mobility of the Karamojong Medium Gazette a movement corridor to allow continued
cattle keepers constraining access by cattle and pastoralists to dry season grazing
improvement of livelihoods of areas in search of water and pastures.
the pastoralists
Enrolment of children of school- Medium to High Holistic and sustained interventions to address
going age is unlikely to increase livelihood constraints faced by Karamojong households
in the short-run will incrementally trigger positive lifestyle changes.
There is little interest by the Low to Medium Competition and expectation of future gains and profits,
private sector to invest in due to mineral resources plus better roads, will result in
expanding telephone network more private investments. However, in the short-run,
coverage in the outlying areas commitment needs to be generated from the private
of Karamoja where mobile sector involved in large scale commercial investment
phones are unusable as a form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Mobile telecommunication companies should be
engaged with proposals on how best the network can
be expanded, which will benefit them too.
Decisions on land and minerals High There is need to increase transparency and
are taken by Government on accountability in the extractives industry, to reduce
national level without involving possibility of outbreak of violence when communities
Local Governments or the suffer loss of their heritage on account of resources
population beneath the surface from which they are excluded and
from which they do not see any tangible benefits.
Royalties on minerals and lease High There is need to increase transparency and
of land is paid to Ministries at accountability in the extractives industry, to reduce
national level, without any possibility of outbreak of violence when communities
share flowing back to the suffer loss of their heritage on account of resources
population beneath the surface from which they are excluded and
from which they do not see any tangible benefits.
Land grabbing continues with High There have to be deliberate efforts to secure the rights
much reprieve of communities whose livelihoods depend on direct
exploitation of natural resources. Community rights
have to be secured from both internal and external
forces that seek appropriation of land, sometimes
taking advantage of land registration and land titling.
Once communal resources are registered it increases
chances for their appropriation to be the communal
domain.
144
Political and Security Risks
The political will and Medium to High There is need to undertake proper coordination and
commitment at the national monitoring of the KIDP3 implementation: undertake
level is not translated into interventions that increase local ownership of the
effective implementation of interventions being undertaken; popularise the KIDP3
planned activities on the ground more; strengthen the physical presence of MfKA in the
districts; produce popular versions of the KIDP3.
District Local Governments Medium to High Make specific KIDP3 interventions that strengthen
consider themselves as capacities of districts more visible; increase support
bystanders in the from the KIDP3 to respective sectors in districts;
implementation of the KIDP3, enhance collaborative field monitoring between
which undermines ownership OPM/MfKA and District Local Governments;
decentralise and fund certain monitoring functions to
the districts.
Resurgence of armed conflicts Medium to High Maintain strong UPDF presence in Karamoja, and
associated with livestock thefts ensure effective internal controls to minimise complicity
and raids with raiding activities among elements in the security
agencies; re-structure LDUs; recruit more Karamojong
women in security agencies, UPDF and law and order
enforcement organs in Karamoja.
Trafficking of illicit firearms Medium to High Ensure there is bi-lateral commitment from
likely to continue as long as administrators of communities neighbouring Karamoja
there are still armed pastoral to enforce a ‘no-firearms’ policy for pastoralists
groups who migrate to crossing into Karamoja; strengthen UPDF deployment
Karamoja during the dry season along the international borders.
Uganda Police is not respected Medium to High As the infrastructure for law and order enforcement
in Karamoja, which undermines becomes more robust and deployment of the police
its ability to lead law increases, their physical presence on the ground will
enforcement interventions ensure their effects becomes noticeable.
Trust in the security forces has High Invest more resources in enhancing Civil-Military
been broken in the communities engagements and collaboration.
in Karamoja
145
4 SECTION FOUR: THE KIDP3 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
4.1 THE KIDP3 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
In order to effectively manage the implementation of the KIDP3, the Office of the Prime Minister
(OPM) will be responsible for the coordination, supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the
implementation of projects and activities stipulated in the Plan. The interventions specified in the
Plan under the various programmes of the KIDP3 will be implemented by different Ministries,
Departments and Agencies (MDAs), including the Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA). Others
who will be involved in the implementation of projects and activities in the KIDP3 include District
Local Governments, Civil Society Organisations (CSO) and the private sector. Since
implementation will involve very many stakeholders, both state and non-state, the coordination of
the implementation of the KIDP3 will be extremely important. A dedicated unit for the coordination
of the implementation of the KIDP3 will be created. This KIDP3 Coordination Unit will be
answerable to the Permanent Secretary OPM through the Undersecretary in charge of Karamoja
Affairs, through the Principle Assistant Secretary (PAS) Karamoja Affairs. Dedicated staff will be
recruited to manage the KIDP3 Coordination unit in OPM.
4.2 THE KIDP3 COORDINATION FRAMEWORK
Under the KIDP2, a robust coordination mechanism was put in place which successfully
coordinated the various stakeholders, state and non-state who were involved in undertaking
development interventions in Karamoja, both at national and regional level. Strong partnerships
networks and collaborations were built between state and non-state actors during the
implementation of the KIDP2. A lot of effort was invested in enhancing transparency and
accountability to all KIDP2 stakeholders. The implementation of the KIDP2 interventions also
emphasised inclusion of disadvantaged groups and enhancement of gender equity in targeting of
beneficiaries. The way certain projects were implemented under sectors revealed the constraints
faced in achieving greater inter-sectoral coordination and planning. For example, some health
centres were constructed by the Ministry of health in areas where there were not yet any roads,
which put strain on district resources to open access roads to these areas. Health workers posted
to such areas, often abandoned their duty station because of the remote nature of the locations.
The majority of health centres were sited in places which lacked access to safe drinking water.
With increased inter-sectoral coordination, the Directorate of Water Development (DWD) could
prioritise investments in areas where health centres and schools are located.
Many projects implemented by the centre or awarded by the centre for implementation in the
respective districts of Karamoja—including infrastructure development projects for construction
of roads, schools, health facilities, water facilities, among others—were awarded at the centre to
contractors who would start implementation without consulting or appropriately involving the
District Local Governments, and yet the districts were expected to monitor and supervise the
implementation of these projects, without having been involved in the project design phases.
146
Many infrastructure projects implemented in Karamoja underestimated their bills of quantities as
a way of undercutting their competition during bidding, which compromised the quality of work.
There are many incomplete buildings in different parts of Karamoja, or poorly constructed
structures that did not stand the test of time. It is common knowledge that construction work in
Karamoja requires re-enforcement of foundations due to poor soil structures in Karamoja. Yet in
the absence of financial resources for districts to get involved at the project design stage, and
with challenges associated with the existing institutional frameworks for District Local
Governments, as well as the intended beneficiaries, to hold those tasked with responsibilities for
implementation of the respective projects to account, systems such as community-mobilised and
controlled barazas were rendered ineffectual. Contractors would mostly come in search of districts
leaders to obtain certificates of compliances and completion, without having involved them at all
in any stages of the implementation of the projects.
Many of the interventions in the districts and communities were directly implemented from the
centre by officials from OPM and MfKA, and from the point of view of district leaders and sector
heads, the centre was responsible for both policy formulation and supervision of implementation.
At the regional consultative workshop at Nakapiripirit, the workshop was told that those who have
been managing the KIDP2 treated it as a personal granary to satisfy their individual desires. Such
sentiments undermined local ownership of many interventions that were intended for the benefit
of the population of Karamoja. During regional consultations to review the KIDP2 and
development of the KIDP3, three leaders from the two districts present at the Kaabong meeting
(Karenga and Kaabong), most of the leaders present at the Kotido meeting, and some of the
leaders at the Nakapiripirit meeting reported seeing the KIDP2 document for the very first time.
One of them was a Vice Chairperson of a district, while the rest were district heads of
departments. Many of those who said they knew about the KIDP2, or had seen it before, had not
read the document to know what exactly was in the document. In Nakapiripirit, the consulting
team was told that the OPM did not support the districts in the implementation of the KIDP2. There
were limited efforts to include the districts in monitoring interventions of the KIDP2. The MfKA did
not adequately popularise the KIDP2 document. In many of the districts, copies of the KIDP2
document were never readily available at the district and sub-county offices for increased
distribution and circulation. This means there was a lack of ownership of the interventions that
were taking place in the districts among certain categories of the most critical stakeholders.
Under the KIDP3, the following three outcomes will be pursued under an Institutional Coordination
Framework:
Outcome 1: Coordination and harmonisation of the KIDP3 interventions at national and

regional levels further strengthened
Outcome 2: The KIDP3 implementation progress and outcomes periodically assessed
and reviewed
Outcome 3: Capacities of key KIDP3 stakeholders further strengthened for efficient
utilisation of resources and effective service delivery
147
The outputs that will be achieved under each of these three outcomes, on the basis of which the
overall objectives of the KIDP3 will be realised under the KIDP3 institutional coordination
framework, are elaborated as follows:
OUTCOME 1: COORDINATION AND HARMONISATION OF THE KIDP3

INTERVENTIONS AT NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS FURTHER
STRENGTHENED
The KIDP3, like the KIDP2, will be coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister through the
Ministry for Karamoja Affairs. Coordination will involve the harmonisation of the different
interventions, as well as facilitation of both vertical and horizontal information sharing and joint
analysis at sub-county, district, regional and national levels. The KIDP 3 is to be implemented
through existing government structures at national and district level.
Under Outcome 1 which seeks to pursue, ‘Strengthened Coordination and harmonisation of

KIDP3 interventions at National and Regional levels’, the following four outputs will be
achieved by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA) to
realise the KIDP3 outcomes:
Output 1.1: Annual KIDP3 Policy Coordination Meetings (PCM) held
While regular PCM meetings were planned for at the national level under the KIDP2, by December
2020 none of these meetings had been convened. Under the KIDP3, regular meetings of the
National Policy Committee of the KIDP3 will be held, at least once a year. It is in these meetings
that the national level coordination takes place. PCM meetings, which are chaired by the Prime
Minister of Uganda, will provide the overall policy direction and oversight role in the
implementation of the KIDP3. OPM will present an annual report on the implementation of the
KIDP3 to the PCM. The annual reports will be used by the PCM to track progress against achieve
of objectives of the KIDP3. Besides the PMC, there will also be a Technical Implementation
Committee of the KIDP3 comprising all Permanent Secretaries from the different line ministries.
The PS OPM will chair and coordinate the Technical Implementation Committee meetings. There
will also be a Technical Working Group (TWG) established, comprising technical representatives
from sectors, line ministries, development partners, and international and national NGOs. The
TWG will coordinate all actors involved in the KIDP3 implementation, ensuring harmonisation of
interventions and adherence to the implementation of the KIDP3 in line with sector standards and
government policies. Monthly KIDP3 TWG meetings will be organised at OPM to discuss, among
other issues, the progress in the implementation of the KIDP3 using the different output indicator
tracking matrix (in the annex).
Output 1.2: Karamoja Policy Committee (KPC) Meetings held at regional level
A Karamoja Policy Committee (KPC) will be established at the regional level, and shall be chaired
by the Minister for Karamoja Affairs (MKA). The KPC will meet twice a year. During KPC meetings
the Minister will provide the overall political supervisory mandate and policy direction on specific
affirmative action interventions. The Minister will coordinate various stakeholders in Karamoja to
148
build synergies for maximum outputs. Decisions made at the national level in the PMC will be
communicated to regional leaders by the Minister during KPC meetings, which will be held in the
region. The Minister will provide guidance to the regional leaders on decisions made at the
national level and discusses regional priorities and strategies that will be presented to the PMC
for policy decisions.
Under the KIDP2, annual meetings of the regional KIDP Policy Meetings were planned. By
December 2020, three KPC meetings had been convened, in 2016, 2017 and 2018. All the
meetings were held in Moroto at the KIDP2 regional secretariat. These regional meetings
enhanced coordination among MDAs, DLGs, development partners and NGOs undertaking
interventions under the KIDP2. In order to strengthen further the coordination of stakeholders
involved in implementation of projects contributing to KIDP3, efforts will have made to ensure
KPC meetings are held more regularly for coordination and harmonisation of stakeholder
interventions in Karamoja.
The KIDP3, like its predecessor the KIDP2, will be implemented through the existing local
government structures at district and sub-county levels. At these levels, individual NGOs will be
required to align their activities to the district development plans. Local Governments will continue
to lead on the planning, coordination and implementation of interventions at the
district/municipality level. They will also contribute to the validation of sub-regional development
priorities and the supply of data, where possible, using existing reporting mechanisms, which
OPM can then draw to measure progress on the achievement of priority outcomes.
Local communities will at all times be involved in a bottom-up process of identifying local projects
in order to increase local ownership of the interventions that will be undertaken. All interventions
that will be implemented will be required to be integrated and funded within the district
development plans. Communities will be empowered to monitor local projects through the
expansion of social accountability structures. This will strengthen accountability and
transparency, and enable the citizens to see the results of development spending more clearly.
Under the KIDP3, periodic regional KIDP coordination meetings involving all stakeholders will be
organised. The purpose of these meetings will be to share information as well as generate
stakeholder consensus on a wide-range of issues regarding the implementation of the KIDP3.
Through the KPC, the capacity of district local governments will be strengthened to enable them
to undertake development of integrated district work plans which are aligned to the KIDP3.
Output 1.3: Information and management systems strengthened at all levels in Karamoja
Under the KIDP3, efforts will be made to strengthen information and management systems at all
levels. The Karamoja Data Centre has not been operating at its full potential, after it became the
Northern Uganda Data Centre (NUDC). Its funding from the Italian Corporation ended in 2013
and its activities were scaled down, with only an economist in the Pacification and Development
(P&D) Department in OPM seconded to the NUDC. Under the KIDP3, an attempt to revive the
NUDC will be made, and support secured to enable the centre to continue providing information
149
which will be used for output and outcome/impact monitoring of the KIDP3 implementation
activities. The NUDC will be supported to spearhead the information and management systems
relevant for the implementation of the KIDP3. The national level will be linked with the regional
level through the e-government system that will also be supported under the KIDP3. The aim will
be to facilitate smooth vertical and horizontal flow of information about the KIDP3 implementation
and the high-end policy discussions.
Output 1.4: Operations of KIDP coordination unit at OPM supported
Under the KIDP3, support will be extended to the KIDP coordination unit at OPM to strengthen its
operational capacity. OPM/MfKA staff will be supported to conduct monitoring of different
interventions in the region under the KIDP3. The aim is to establish a more efficient and functional
regional coordination unit, leading to enhanced monitoring of activities in Karamoja sub-region. In
addition, the coordination unit will be supported to develop a harmonised implementation strategy
for the KIDP3 so as to make coordination of the different programmes easy, leading to smoother
operations in the work of implementing agencies and District Local Governments.
These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the ‘KIDP3 Programme Institutional

Coordination Framework’ are summarised as follows:
OUTCOME 1: COORDINATION AND HARMONISATION OF KIDP3 INTERVENTIONS AT NATIONAL

AND REGIONAL LEVELS FURTHER STRENGTHENED
Outputs Activities
Output 1.1: Annual KIDP3 1.1.1 Undertake planning for the annual KIDP3 Policy Coordination
Policy Coordination Meetings (PMCs)
Meetings (PCM) held 1.1.2 Hold annual KIDP3 PCMs to receive annual reports on KIDP3
implementation
1.1.3 Hold monthly KIDP3 Technical Working Group (TWG) meetings
1.1.4 Minutes of the Annual KIDP3 PCMs prepared and filed
1.1.5 Policy Action Points from KIDP3 PCMs followed up and
implemented
Output 1.2: Karamoja Policy 1.2.1 Undertake planning for the KPC meetings
Committee (KPC) Meetings 1.2.2 Hold two KPC meetings per year
held at regional level 1.2.3 Facilitate the development of integrated work plans from District
Development Plans
1.2.4 Validate sub-regional development priorities contained in District
Integrated Development Plans
1.2.5 Minutes of the KPC meetings prepared and filed
1.2.6 Policy Action Points from KPC meetings prepared for submission to
the PCM
Output 1.3: Information and 1.3.1 Revive and support the Northern Uganda Data Centre to spearhead
management systems the information and management system relevant to the KIDP3
strengthened at all levels in 1.3.2 Develop and operationalize an online information and management
Karamoja system
1.3.3 Link the KIDP3 national information and management system to e-
government system in districts
150
Output 1.4: Operations of 1.4.1 Constitute/recruit, train and equip the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit at
KIDP3 coordination unit at OPM
OPM supported 1.4.2 Facilitate operations of the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit at OPM
1.4.3 Support the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit to develop a harmonised
KIDP3 implementation strategy
1.4.4 Support the KIDP3 Coordinating Unit to conduct monitoring of
different KIDP3 interventions in the region
OUTCOME 2: THE KIDP3 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES

PERIODICALLY ASSESSED AND REVIEWED
Under Outcome 2 which seeks to pursue, ‘Periodic assessments and review of the KIDP3
implementation progress and outcomes undertaken’, the following seven outputs will be
achieved by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MfKA) to
realise the KIDP3 outcomes:
Output 2.1: Quarterly progress reports on the implementation of the KIDP3 prepared
Under the KIDP3, OPM/MfKA will prepare Quarterly Reports on the progress of implementation
of the KIDP3, showing outputs achieved and outcomes realised, as well as the challenges that
were encountered in programme implementation so that mitigation measures can be undertaken
to keep the implementation on track to achieve planned outcomes.
Output 2.2: Lessons on progress made in implementation of the KIDP3 drawn from
quarterly reporting to inform the KIDP3 programme re-design
Under the KIDP3, quarterly reports will not only be used for measuring progress in the
implementation of the KIDP3, but also to identify the challenges being encountered in the KIDP3
implementation that are likely to undermine the achieved of expected results and outcomes. From
these challenges, and well as positive achievements, lessons will be drawn to inform programme
re-design as implementation proceeds. This re-design will be intended to keep the programme on
track to achieve its intended outcomes and impact.
Output 2.3: The KIDP3 mid-term review undertaken
A mid-term review of the KIDP3 will be conducted at the mid-point. This will be conducted by an
independent external evaluator. The intention of the mid-term review is to determine, at the mid-
point level, whether the programme will be on track to achieve all the planned outputs, results,
outcomes and impacts. If it is not, the programme will be re-designed using the recommendation
made to ensure it remains on course to achieve the planned targets.
151
Output 2.4: The KIDP3 final evaluation undertaken
A final project evaluation of the KIDP3 will be conducted at the end of the implementation period.
This final evaluation will also be conducted by an independent external evaluator. The intention
of the final evaluation is to identify whether the planned outcomes and impact were realised from
project implementation, and whether the outcomes that were achieved are sustainable. A final
evaluation will also identify some of the challenges and risks that the implementation of the
programme may have encountered, on the basis of which lesson can be drawn to inform future
programming for the development and socio-economic transformation of Karamoja.
Output 2.5: Field monitoring visits to Karamoja by OPM staff conducted every six months
Under the KIDP3, unscheduled bi-annual field monitoring visits will be conducted by OPM/MfKA
staff from the KIDP3 Coordination Unit in OPM. The aim of the field monitoring visits is for OPM
staff attached to the implementation of the KIDP3 to make on-the-spot assessments of the various
projects being undertaken during the implementation of the KIDP3. Whenever challenges are
identified, they will be quickly reported and addressed.
Output 2.6: Learning visits for national and district leaders conducted
Under the KIDP3, learning visits will be organised for national and district leaders to other parts
of the country, as well as the Eastern Africa region and other parts of the world. Through these
learning visits it is expected that individual capacities will be significantly enhanced, which will
boost their contribution to the development of Karamoja.
Output 2.7: A new planning framework for Karamoja developed as a follow-up of the KIDP
3
All the lessons learnt during every implementation year—as well as those documented in quarterly
reports, PCM and KPC meetings, monitoring visits, as well as the mid-term review and final
evaluation—will be compiled and documented to inform a participatory process for the design of
another planning framework that will succeed the KIDP3 after five years.

OUTCOME 2: KIDP3 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES PERIODICALLY

ASSESSED AND REVIEWED
Outputs Activities
Output 2.1: Quarterly progress 2.1.1 Prepare a monitoring tool for the continuous collection of data for
reports on the implementation the quarterly progress monitoring reports
of KIDP3 prepared 2.1.2 Compile quarterly progress monitoring reports and submit to the
KIDP3 Coordination unit in the first week of the following quarter
152
Output 2.2: Lessons on 2.2.1 Draw lessons from quarterly reports (from both challenges and
progress made in achievements) to inform the re-design of the KIDP3, if necessary
implementation of the KIDP3 2.2.2 Draw lessons from OPM staff field monitoring visits to inform
drawn from quarterly reporting KIDP3 programme re-design
to inform KIDP3 programme 2.2.3 Draw lessons from KPC annual reviews to inform KIDP3 re-
re-design design
Output 2.3: KIDP3 Mid-term 2.3.1 Make adequate preparation to undertake mid-term review of
review undertaken KIDP3
2.3.2 Undertake mid-term review of KIDP3 implementation to reveal
progress made in programme implementation
2.3.3 Hold stakeholders’ workshop to discuss findings of the mid-term
review of KIDP3
Output 2.4: KIDP3 Final 2.4.1 Make adequate preparation for undertaking the KIDP3 Final
evaluation undertaken Evaluation
2.4.2 Undertake the Final Evaluation of KIDP3 to show the outputs and
outcomes achieved as well as impacts realised from programme
implementation
2.4.3 Hold stakeholders’ workshop to discuss findings of the KIDP3
Final Evaluation
Output 2.5: Field monitoring 2.5.1 Make adequate preparation for bi-annual field monitoring visits to
visits to Karamoja by OPM Karamoja
staff conducted 2.5.2 Conduct field monitoring visits to Karamoja to make on-the-spot
assessment of the various projects implementation under KIDP3
2.5.3 Prepare and submit a report of the field monitoring visits to
Karamoja to the KIDP3 coordinating office
Output 2.6: Learning visits for 2.6.1 Make adequate preparation for the learning visits for national and
national and district leaders district leaders to other parts of the country as well as Eastern
from Karamoja conducted Africa region and the rest of the world
2.6.2 Conducts learning visits for national and district leaders to
selected destinations
2.6.3 Prepare and submit a report from the learning visit to the KIDP3
coordinating office
Output 2.7: A new planning 2.7.1 Document and compile information and documentation on the
framework for Karamoja KIDP3 implementation which will inform the design of the KIDP3
developed as a follow up of the follow-on programme
KIDP3 2.7.2 Formulate and widely disseminate terms of reference for a
consultant of international repute to undertake the design of a
new planning framework for Karamoja to succeed the KIDP3
2.7.3 Undertake the design of a new planning framework for Karamoja
to succeed the KIDP3
153
OUTCOME 3: CAPACITIES OF KEY KIDP3 STAKEHOLDERS FURTHER
STRENGTHENED FOR EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES AND EFFECTIVE
SERVICE DELIVERY
Under Outcome 3 which seeks to pursue, ‘Strengthened capacity of key stakeholders for
efficient utilisation of KIDP3 resources and effective service delivery’, the following nine
outputs will be achieved by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry for Karamoja
Affairs (MfKA) to realise the KIDP3 outcomes:
Output 3.1: Capacity of Ministry for Karamoja Affairs to coordinate the implementation of
the KIDP3 strengthened
As part of the implementation of the KIDP3, requisite staff will be recruited to complement those
who have been involved in the implementation of the KIDP2 at the KIDP2 Coordination Unit in
OPM. This is intended to ensure a fully constituted and functional KIDP3 coordination office. The
OPM/MfKA Regional Office in Moroto will also be fully facilitated, operationalized and staffed with
resident programme officers to coordinate the KIDP3 implementation activities. This is to ensure
that the office remains fully functional in order to facilitate KIDP3 implementation activities at the
regional level. In each district, a programme staffer who is based and resident in the respective
districts will be recruited to increase ownership of the KIDP3 and visibility of MfKA in the districts
of Karamoja.
Output 3.2: Capacity of the Inspectorate of Government work in Karamoja, including

oversight supervision of KIDP3 implementation strengthened
Under the KIDP3, the Inspectorate of Government (IG) functions will be mainstreamed in the
implementation of the KIDP3 programmes and projects. The Inspectorate of Government will
prepare an annual report on the implementation of the KIDP3 programmes and projects on the
basis of which lessons can be drawn on the management of the implementation of KIDP3
programmes and projects.
Output 3.3: Capacities of key KIDP3 stakeholders further strengthened for efficient
utilisation of resources and effective service delivery
A coordination and monitoring mechanism that allows Local Governments at district, sub-county
and parish levels to undertake the implementation of the KIDP3, in collaboration with other
stakeholders such as the civil society, will be strengthened. Support will be provided to strengthen
District Disaster Management and Preparedness Committees (DDMPCs). District staff will be
supported and facilitated to participate in conducting monitoring and supervision activities of the
implementation of the KIDP3. To support District Local Governments to undertake monitoring and
supervision of the implementation of the KIDP3, which will also increase ownership of the KIDP3
in the DLGs, motor vehicles and motorcycles will be procured and distributed to DLGs strictly for
KIDP3 monitoring activities. The construction of new and rehabilitation of old offices of local
governments at District and sub-county levels in Karamoja will be supported to enhance the
154
monitoring and supervision of the implementation as well as ownership of the KIDP3. Regular
community-based monitoring systems (barazas) on the implementation of the KIDP3
programmes and projects will be established and held to enhance accountability and
transparency.

OUTCOME 3: CAPACITIES OF KEY KIDP3 STAKEHOLDERS FURTHER STRENGTHENED FOR

EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF RESOURCES AND EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY
Outputs Activities
Output 3.1: Capacity of 3.1.1 Recruit requisite staff at the KIDP3 Coordination Unit in OPM to
Ministry for Karamoja Affairs to add to already existing staff
coordinate the implementation 3.1.2 Adequately facilitate, operationalize and staff the OPM regional
of the KIDP3 strengthened office in Moroto with resident Programme Officers to coordinate
KIDP3 implementation activities
3.1.3 Recruit district-based KIDP3 programme staff who will be
resident in the respective districts of Karamoja
3.1.4 Undertake proper orientation of the KIDP3 programmes and
support staff at national and regional level
Output 3.2: Capacity of the 3.2.1 Mainstream the Inspectorate of Government functions in the
Inspectorate of Government implementation of KIDP3 projects to increase accountability and
work in Karamoja, including value for money
oversight supervision of KIDP3 3.2.2 Undertake widespread community mobilisation and sensitisation
implementation strengthened to enhance awareness of the role of the Inspectorate of
Government functions in the implementation of KIDP3 projects
3.2.3 Prepare an annual report of the Inspectorate of Government on
implementation of the KIDP3 programmes and projects
3.2.4 Draw lessons from the annual report of the Inspectorate of
Government on implementation of the KIDP3 programmes and
projects
Output 3.3: Capacity of Local 3.3.1 Establish coordination and monitoring mechanisms that allow
Governments (at District, Sub- the other KIDP3 actors and stakeholders to participate in the
county and Parish levels) and implementation of the KIDP3
other stakeholders (e.g. civil 3.3.2 Strengthen and support District Disaster Management and
society) to undertake the Preparedness Committees (DDMPCs)
implementation of the KIDP3 3.3.3 Support and facilitate district staff to participate in conducting
strengthened monitoring and supervision activities of the implementation of
the KIDP3
3.3.4 Procure motor vehicles and motorcycles for DLGs to support
districts’ monitoring and supervision of the implementation, as
well as ownership of the KIDP3
3.3.5 Support the construction/rehabilitation of offices for District and
sub-county Local Governments in Karamoja for improved
monitoring and supervision of the implementation as well as
ownership of the KIDP3
155
3.3.6 Establish and hold regular community based monitoring
systems (barazas) on implementation of the KIDP3
programmes and projects to enhance accountability and
transparency
4.3 ALIGNMENT, SYNERGIES AND COHERENCE OF THE KIDP3
The KIDP3 is aligned to the NDPIII, and is also consistent with government objectives of
organising and delivering public and private sector interventions for wealth creation at the lowest
planning unit through the Parish Development Model which aims to encourage investment
planning, budgeting and service delivery at the parish level.
The KIDP3 is aligned to NDPIII to the extent that it seeks to develop the entire value chain for
product lines in key growth opportunities available in the real economy of Karamoja; that is, not
only in agriculture (from livestock and cereals such as sorghum), industry and manufacturing, but
also in tourism, minerals and other natural resources. The interventions that have been proposed
under the KIDP3 aim to address (and therefore consider) the factors that constrain the full
development of these different value chains, drawing the experiences from the KIDP1 and KIDP2,
as well as several other development interventions by development partners in Karamoja over
the last five years. Special focus in the KIDP3 has been placed on the importance of not only
value addition to products lines in Karamoja, but also to enhance opportunities for job creation
along the respective value chains, as well as in all the interventions proposed as a strategy to
absorb the redundant labour in Karamoja. The latter will be pursued in collaboration with the
private sector, where special attention will be placed on nurturing the indigenous private sector in
Karamoja. To the extent possible, boosting skills, capacities and competencies in the public sector
(at district, sub-county and parish levels) and in the private sector, is considered in the KIDP3 as
foundational to the successful implementation of proposed interventions.
The KIDP3 is also consistent with NDPIII‘s focus on the Parish Development approach. Its seven
pillars include the following: (a) Production, processing, value addition and marketing; (b)
Infrastructure and other economic services including extension services, energy, roads, market
structures, water for production and mind-set change for business orientation; (c) Financial
inclusion through cooperatives, SACCOs, revolving funds where UGX. 30 million will be provided
per Parish for a start; (d) Social services delivery including health, education, water, and other
social development services; (e) Re-establishment of the Community Information System; (f)
Parish governance and administration, and; (g) Mind-set change (Republic of Uganda 2021c, 17).
In the KIDP3, emphasis on crop cultivation and livestock production will pay attention to the
specificities of the various agro-ecological zones. Support will be provided based on the suitability
of the respective agricultural activities. Minimum efforts will be placed on investment in crops in
the driest areas of Karamoja and instead focus on maximising livestock production. While focus
in the greenbelt areas will be on expanding intensive crop farming, maximising the integration of
livestock production will also be paid attention to. It will no longer be possible to distribute cassava
cuttings for planting in the driest areas of Karamoja. The KIDP3 builds on, integrates and is
156
harmonised with other inter-governmental, bi-lateral and regional frameworks for achieving
sustainable peace and security, as well as increased community resilience and sustainable
development on the continent and in the Eastern Africa region, as have been developed by the
African Union (AU), Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) as well as the East
African Community (EAC). These include the following, among others:
1. The African Union Commission ‘Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa: Securing,
Protecting and Improving the Lives, Livelihoods and Rights of Pastoralist Communities’,
dated 2010.
2. The Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Drought Disaster Resilience
Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) Regional Programming Paper (2019-2024), dated 2019.
3. The IGAD Regional Programming Paper (RPP) for the Drought Disaster Resilience and
Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI), 2019-2024, dated 2019.
4. The IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) Uganda
Country Programming Paper (CPP): Consolidating the Path to Resilience and
Sustainability, 2019 – 2024, dated 2019.
5. The IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) programme
on ‘Building Resilient Market Systems in the Cross-border Drylands of the Karamoja and
Mandera Clusters in the IGAD Region, 2021-2022; IDDRSI Year 2 & Year 3
Implementation Letter, Programme Narrative, dated January 2021.
6. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), ‘Enhanced Resilience of
Communities in the Karamoja Cluster from Drought and Related Disasters, Programme
Proposal Document (Volume 2), 2020-2025, dated February 2020.
7. The Kenya (Turkana/West Pokot)-Uganda (Karamoja) Cross-Border Programme for
Sustainable Peace and Development: Implementation Framework, 2019-2023, dated
November 2019. This framework is for the operationalization of a Bilateral Memorandum
of Understanding (MoU) between the Kenya and Uganda Governments on the Kenya
(Turkana/West Pokot)-Uganda (Karamoja) Cross-Border Programme for Sustainable
Peace and Development, following a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed
between Kenya and Uganda on September 12, 2019 in Moroto.
The KIDP3 is aligned with several sectoral strategic planning frameworks, as well as development
plans for agencies involved in the management of critical resources relevant to Karamoja. These
included the following:
1. Uganda Wildlife Authority, ‘Bokora and Matheniko Wildlife Reserves (BMWR) General
Management Plan (GMP) for the period 2017 to 2026’, July 2017, Mimeo.
The KIDP3 is consistent with other private sector-led development initiatives supported by
development partners in Karamoja, for which it will provide an overarching development planning
framework, namely:
157
1. The Karamoja Livestock Development Master Plan, 2018-2040, dated January 2018,
whose development was supported by Mercy Corps Uganda, in collaboration with the
Karamoja Livestock Development Forum.
2. The Karamoja Regional Development Strategy (KRDS) Programme Document, dated
March 2021, developed under USAID’s Uganda’s Regional Coordination Initiative (RCI)
QED Group, LLC’s Uganda Learning Activity (ULA).
3. Karamoja Regional Development Investment Strategy (KAREDI) for the period 2021/21
to 2039/40, dated February 2021, and the Karamoja Regional Investment Plan (KRIP) for
the period 2020/21 to 2024/25, dated February 2021. Both were developed by
Governance Systems International, Kampala, on contract by Mercy Corps Uganda under
the USAID funded project titled ‘Securing Peace and Promoting Prosperity in Karamoja
Activity’ otherwise acronym-ed as EKISIL Activity, in support to the Karamoja Regional
Steering Committee (KRSC).
4. A Long-Term Management Plan for Kobebe Dam in Moroto District for the Period 2019-
2029, November 2019. A report of a study commissioned by Mercy Corps Uganda under
the USAID funded project titled ‘Securing Peace and Promoting Prosperity in Karamoja
Activity’ otherwise acronym-ed as EKISIL Activity.
158
5 SECTION FIVE: THE KIDP3 ACTION PLAN
5.1 THE KIDP3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) FRAMEWORK
The KIDP2 was an output-based plan, in the sense that measurement of progress made and
results and outcomes achieved was largely based on outputs. The indicators that were used for
measuring progress were mostly output indicators. This made it difficult to track outcomes that
were achieved from implementation of intervention areas. The KIDP3 has been specifically
designed to monitor and measure the extent to which outcomes will be achieved from
implementation of planned activities. The KIDP3 outcomes have been identified from the outset.
The KIDP2 programme document and the KIDP2 review report provide all the counterfactual data
that is needed for baseline data, on the basis of which progress will be measured in the
implementation of the KIDP3, showing its outputs/results as well as the outcomes and impacts
achieved. The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) functions of the KIDP3 will entail the following:
(a) Quarterly progress reporting on the implementation of KIDP3; (b) Unscheduled bi-annual field
monitoring visits conducted by OPM/MfKA staff from the KIDP3 Coordination Unit in OPM ; (c) A
mid-term assessment of the implementation of the KIDP3 undertaken by an independent external
evaluator at the mid-point; (d) A final evaluation of the KIDP3 undertaken by an independent
external evaluator at the end of five years of the KIDP3. The monitoring framework of the
implementation of the KIDP3 will be undertaken at the following two levels:
5.1.1 Outcomes and Impact Monitoring and Evaluation
The KIDP3 outcomes are the changes or benefits that occur to the targeted beneficiaries,
occasioned by the various programmes and projects implemented by the KIDP3 stakeholders at
national, regional, district, sub-county, parish and community levels. They are outcomes because
they are considered within the means of OPM and MfKA, and the various KIDP3 stakeholders, to
make happen. Impacts on the other hand, are the broader and longer-term economic, social,
environmental and political consequences of the KIDP3 that may take place, and are related to
the KIDP3 strategic objectives, and overall goal, as aligned to the NDPIII. The KIDP3 planned
outcomes are summarised in the table below:
Table 1: A Summary of the Expected Key Outcomes of the KIDP3
KIDP3 Expected Outcomes and Outcome Indicators Means of Verification Responsible

Programme Impacts Agencies
Objectives
KIDP3 Capacity of security % increase in number of Rapid survey of conflict OPM/MfKA;
Programme 1: agencies further sub-counties reporting incidents; KIDP3 Quarterly MoD; UPDF
Peace, security strengthened to at least 60% reduction and annual reports;
and governance in consolidate peace, in cattle thefts and raids Documentation reports
Karamoja security and governance in their communities by from KIDP3 stakeholders
consolidated achievements in Karamoja 2026 on SALWs proliferation;
% increase in proportion Reports from KIDP3
of communities stakeholders;
159
reporting cases of
warriors in possessions
of illicit firearms reduced
by 80% by 2026
Capacity of Justice, Law % increase in cases Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
and Order actors being brought to G1 community satisfaction Ministry of
strengthened for efficient magistrates courts with Uganda Police; Internal Affairs;
and effective enforcement increased by over 70% Review of records of the Ministry of
of order and rule of law by 2026 judiciary; Reports from Justice and
% increase in proportion KIDP3 stakeholders; Constitutional
of communities KIDP3 Quarterly and Affairs; Uganda
reporting satisfaction annual reports Police.
with Police handling of
crime increased to at
least 80% by 2026
KIDP3 Climate smart crop % increase in number of Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
Programme 2: production strategies and households unable to household food MAAIF; WFP;
Karamojong management practices afford three meals a day consumption trends; FEWSNET
pastoral and agro- adopted for strengthened reduced to less than KIDP3 Quarterly and
pastoral livelihoods livelihoods 20% per sub-county by annual reports; Reports
of the Karamojong 2026 from KIDP3 stakeholders
strengthened e.g. WFP/FEWSNET
Food security
Assessments
Karamojong livestock % of households unable Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
production and to access livestock household livestock MAAIF; MoLG;
productivity enhanced for products reduced to ownership; KIDP3 Karamoja DLGs
strengthened livelihoods less than 30% per sub- Quarterly and annual
county by 2026 reports; Reports from
KIDP3 stakeholders
Alternative sources of % increase in number of Rapid survey of sources OPM/MfKA,
livelihoods promoted for households reporting of livelihood of selected MAAIF; MoLG;
strengthened resilience diversified sources of households; Reports from Karamoja DLGs
of Karamojong livelihoods increased by KIDP3 stakeholders;
households more than 60% by 2026 KIDP3 Quarterly and
annual reports
KIDP3 Quality and inclusive % increase in number of Rapid survey of school OPM/MfKA,
Programme 3: education supported for sub-counties reporting enrolment in selected sub- MoES;
Karamoja’s human enhanced skills of the at least 80% enrolment counties; KIDP3 Quarterly Karamoja DLGs
capital enhanced population in Karamoja of all school going age and annual reports;
children Reports from KIDP3
stakeholders
Equitable, safe and % increase in proportion Rapid survey of health OPM/MfKA;
sustainable health of the population seeking behaviours in MoH; Karamoja
services provided for reporting seeking households selected sub- DLGs
improved health of the services at public health counties; KIDP3 Quarterly
Karamojong centres not more than 5 and annual reports;
kms from their homes Reports from KIDP3
stakeholders
Improved nutrition security % reduction in the Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
for school children and the proportion of children at malnutrition in MAAIF; MoH;
poor and vulnerable health centres communities in Karamoja; WFP; Karamoja
households in Karamoja presenting with wasting KIDP3 Quarterly and DLGs
annual reports
160
Enhanced access to safe % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
water for human of the population households on access to MWE; NWSC;
consumption and reporting access to safe safe water; KIDP3 MoLG;
improved wellbeing of the water within 5-8 kms Quarterly and annual Karamoja DLGs
Karamojong from their homes reports; Reports from
KIDP3 stakeholders;
Improved household and % increase in number of Rapid survey of WASH OPM/MfKA,
institutional sanitation and parishes reporting adoption; Reports from MoH; Karamoja
hygiene for enhanced above 60% reduction in KIDP3 stakeholders; DLGs
wellbeing of the proportion of KIDP3 Quarterly and
Karamojong homesteads using open annual reports
defecation
KIDP3 Agro-processing and % increase in number of Rapid survey of business OPM/MfKA;
Programme 4: value addition enterprises households reporting enterprises in Karamoja MFPED; MoLG;
Agro- promoted for socio- establishing and KIDP3 Quarterly and Karamoja DLGs
industrialisation economic transformation sustaining value annual reports; Reports
and manufacturing of Karamoja addition enterprises for from KIDP3 stakeholders
promoted in more than one year
Karamoja Manufacturing enterprises % increase in number of Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA;
established for increased manufacturing entities manufacturing entities in MFPED;
employment and income employing more than 10 Karamoja; KIDP3 Karamoja DLGs
opportunities for the people established per Quarterly and annual
people of Karamoja year reports; Reports from
KIDP3 stakeholders
KIDP3 The sustainable energy % increase in number of Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
Programme 5: potential of Karamoja households households’ energy MEMD; REA;
Karamoja’s energy harnessed fully for supplementing consumption trends; MoLG;
and mineral improved wellbeing of electricity from the KIDP3 Quarterly and Karamoja DLGs
resources the population national grid with annual reports; Reports
sustainably renewable energy from KIDP3 stakeholders
harnessed sources such as solar
% increase in public
institutions using energy
efficient cook stoves
Karamoja’s mineral % increase in number of Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
wealth exploited households in mining community perceptions of MEMD; private
sustainably for communities reporting mining; KIDP3 Quarterly sector;
strengthened resilience receipt of royalties for and annual reports; Karamoja DLGs
of livelihoods of the minerals extracted on Reports from KIDP3
population land in their jurisdiction stakeholders
KIDP3 Karamoja’s alternative % increase in number of Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA;
Programme 6: tourism potential households reporting community tourism; MTWA; UWA;
Karamoja’s tourism developed for enhanced improved livelihoods as KIDP3 Quarterly and MoLG; Private
potential, trade and community empowerment a result of incomes annual reports; Reports sector;
co-operatives and social transformation earned from tourism from KIDP3 stakeholders Karamoja DLGs
developed related activities
Business skills and % increase in number of Rapid survey of growth of OPM/MfKA,
enterprise in Karamoja businesses owned by indigenous private sector Private Sector
developed for a youth and women which in Karamoja; KIDP3 Foundation;
competitive business do not collapse after Quarterly and annual MTICs; MFPED
climate and improved one year, but instead reports; Reports from
welfare of the Karamojong expand in scale KIDP3 stakeholders
% increase in number of
youth and women who
161
have been making
savings in VSLAs for
over 12 months
Crop and livestock % of Karamojong Rapid survey of livestock OPM/MfKA,
marketing systems and livestock owners marketing in Karamoja; MTICs; MAAIF;
enterprises strengthened encountered in the KIDP3 Quarterly and UBOS;
for increased incomes of livestock markets who annual reports livestock Development
the Karamojong view good prices as markets; Reports from partners; DLGs;
primary motivation for KIDP3 stakeholders Civil Society;
selling their livestock Private sector
Livestock breeders’ and % increase in numbers Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
savings co-operatives of livestock owners who development of SACCOs MTICs; MAAIF;
developed in Karamoja have been participating in Karamoja; KIDP3 DLGs;
in Saving and Credit Quarterly and annual Development
Co-operatives for more reports; Reports from partners; Civil
than one year KIDP3 stakeholders Society
KIDP3 Improved land % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
Programme 7: administration and of population satisfied community satisfaction MLHUD
Karamoja’s management in Karamoja with the functioning of with land administration
environment and land administration and and management
natural resources management institutions; KIDP3
sustainably institutions, leading to Quarterly and annual
managed reduced land conflicts reports
Environmental % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
degradation in Karamoja of population satisfied community participation in MWE; IGAD;
reversed and its adverse with the regeneration of rangeland restoration; WFP; FAO;
effects mitigated formerly degraded KIDP3 Quarterly and ACTED; WHH;
rangelands which were annual reports; Reports GIZ
rehabilitated and from KIDP3 stakeholders
restored in their
communities
Water resources % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
management and of population satisfied management of strategic MWE; MAAIF;
development improved in with the functioning of water reservoirs; KIDP3 Mercy Corps;
Karamoja O&M systems at Quarterly and annual IGAD; GIZ; KDF
strategic water reports; Reports from
reservoirs in their KIDP3 stakeholders
communities
KIDP3 Karamoja’s road % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
Programme 8: infrastructure improved of population satisfied community satisfaction MoWT; UNRA;
Karamoja’s roads, further with improvement in with roads; KIDP3 DLGs;
transport and roads in their sub- Quarterly and annual
communication county reports; Reports from
improved further KIDP3 stakeholders
Karamoja’s % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
telecommunication of population satisfied community satisfaction MoWT; Mobile
infrastructure improved with the mobile with mobile telephone Telephone
further telephone network in network coverage; KIDP3 service
their community Quarterly and annual providers
reports; Reports from
KIDP3 stakeholders
KIDP3 Cross- Mind-set change % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
cutting issues: mainstreamed in the of population who are perceptions on mind-set MGLSD; MoICT
KIDP3 voluntarily teaching changes; KIDP3 Quarterly
162
Effective, holistic, others in their and annual reports; &NG; MoLG;
inclusive & communities issues of Reports from KIDP3 Karamoja DLGs
sustainable mindset change stakeholders
interventions for Gender and generational % increase in proportion Rapid survey of gender OPM/MfKA,
socio-economic issues mainstreamed in of population who strive perceptions; KIDP3 MGLSD
transformation the KIDP3 to ensure gender Quarterly and annual
undertaken equality in everything reports; Reports from
they are involved in KIDP3 stakeholders
Conflict sensitive % increase in proportion Desk review of conflict OPM/MfKA;
programming of population whose sensitivity of KIDP3 MGLSD; MoLG;
mainstreamed in the decision making is interventions; KIDP3 Karamoja DLGs
KIDP3 mostly informed by the Quarterly and annual
desire to reduce reports; Reports from
conflicts KIDP3 stakeholders
Climate change impact, % increase in proportion Rapid screening of OPM/MfKA,
adaptation and mitigation of population whose environmental impact of MWE; MAAIF;
integrated in the KIDP3 actions are driven by a KIDP3 interventions; Karamoja
desire to reduce the KIDP3 Quarterly and DLGs; MoLG
negative impact on the annual reports; Reports
environment from KIDP3 stakeholders
Private sector involvement % increase in the Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA,
and engagement number of individuals community perceptions on MTICs; MFPED;
integrated in the KIDP3 satisfied with the role of private sector; UIA; MoLG;
conducive environment KIDP3 Quarterly and Karamoja DLGs
for diversification of annual reports; Reports
sources of income in from KIDP3 stakeholders
non-farm activities
KIDP3 Coordination and % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA
management and harmonisation of KIDP3 of KIDP3 stakeholders stakeholders’ satisfaction
coordination: interventions at national satisfied with with KIDP3 coordination;
KIDP3 and regional levels further coordination of its KIDP3 Quarterly and
management and strengthened implementation annual reports; Reports
coordination from KIDP3 stakeholders
strengthened KIDP3 implementation % increase in proportion Rapid survey of OPM/MfKA
progress and outcomes of KIDP3 stakeholders stakeholders’ satisfaction
periodically assessed and satisfied with how the with KIDP3 M&E
reviewed progress of KIDP3 framework; KIDP3
implementation is being Quarterly and annual
monitored reports
Capacities of key KIDP3 % increase in proportion Rapid survey of district OPM/MfKA
stakeholders further of district officials officials’ satisfaction with
strengthened for efficient satisfied provided to KIDP3 implementation;
utilisation of resources DLGs for supporting KIDP3 Quarterly and
and effective service KIDP3 implementation annual reports
delivery
163
5.1.2 Outputs and Results Monitoring and Evaluation
In addition to the Outcomes/Impact Monitoring Framework in sub-section 5.1.1 above, an Outputs

and Results Monitoring Framework for the KIDP3 has also been developed, which specifies not
only planned targets within the specified timelines, but also indicators that will be used for
measuring the outputs and outcomes realised. The implementation of the KIDP3 will also entail
monitoring and evaluation of output and results. The KIDP3 outputs and results will be generated
from the implementation of various activities under the respective programmes and projects. To
each intervention area will be attached a budget that corresponds to the various activities for
implementation. Activity implementation will entail a disposition of inputs articulated through
various operations to derive outputs, on the basis of which result will be realised. Outputs and
results M&E will largely be used for measuring progress in the KIDP3 implementation. A detailed
Outputs and Results M&E Framework is included in the annex.
164
5.2 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED KIDP3 BUDGET
Below is a summary of the KIDP3 budget. The detailed budget is in annex ---
165
6 SECTION SIX: KIDP3 ANNEXES
6.1 SELECTED REFERENCES
ACEMP (2017) Understanding Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) Operations in Uganda:
A Mapping Study Report. Kampala: Africa Centre for Energy and Mineral Policy
(ACEMP). Available at: https://plexii.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/MAPPING-
STUDY-REPORT.pdf
Broughton, Bernard and Peter Wathum. 2014. “An Assessment of the Outcomes of FFS and
APFS Components of ALREP and KALIP in Northern Uganda and Karamoja: Final
Report.” Cardno Emerging Markets Ltd.
Chaplin D, Byekwaso F, Semambo M, Mujuni G, Bantaze J, Nyasimi M, Wabyona E,
Krishnaswamy S. (2017). The Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security and
Livelihoods in Karamoja. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate
Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available at:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/wfp289992.pdf.
Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group (CSBAG) (2019) ‘Assessing Government Adherence to
NDP II Financing and Performance Commitments for Water, Hygiene and Sanitation
(WASH) in Uganda’, Final Report. Kampala: Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group
(CSBAG). Available at: https://csbag.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Assessing-
Government-Adherence-to-NDP-II-Financing-and-Performance_WASH1.pdf.
Egeru , A, MacOpiyo, R.L., Mburu, J., Majaliwa, M.G.J. & Aleper, D. (2014a), Trend in climate
variation in Karamoja Sub-region, northern eastern Uganda. Fourth RUFORUM Biennial
Regional Conference 21 - 25 July 2014, Maputo, Mozambique. Research Application
Summary pp: 449 – 456 Available at:
https://www.cabi.org/gara/mobile/FullTextPDF/2017/20173009551.pdf
Egeru, Anthony, Richard Osaliya, Laban MacOpiyo, John Mburu, Oliver Wasonga, Bernard
Barasa, Mohammed Said, Daniel Aleper & Gilbert-Jackson Majaliwa Mwanjalolo
(2014b): Assessing the spatio-temporal climate variability in semi-arid Karamoja sub-
region in north-eastern Uganda, International Journal of Environmental Studies.
Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2014.919729.
Enzama, Wilson, ‘Producer Cooperatives and Challenges of Vertical Coordination: Lessons
from Angetta, Northern Uganda’, Conference Paper · December 2013. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266855215_Producer_Cooperatives_and_Chal
lenges_of_Vertical_Coordination_Lessons_from_Angetta_Northern_Uganda
Gash, Megan, (2017), ‘Understanding the Impact of Savings Groups’, Learning Brief. Available
at: https://seepnetwork.org/files/galleries/SEEP_Savings-Groups-and-the-Role-of-
Government-in-SSA_v2.pdf.
Hinton, J. et al (2011) The mining and minerals sector in Karamoja Region: development
opportunities and constraints. Kampala: Ecological Christian Organisation (ECO)/Irish
Aid. Available at: https://thisisafrica.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/mining-sector-report-
karamoja-region.pdf
Houdet, J., H. Muloopa, C. Ochieng, S. Kutegeka and B. Nakangu (2014) Cost Benefit Analysis
of the Mining Sector in Karamoja, Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: IUCN Uganda Country
166
Office. Available at:
https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/karamoja_mining_webversion1.pdf
Innovations for Poverty Action (2012) The Impact of Savings Groups on the Lives of the Rural
Poor in Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. New Haven: Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA).
Available at: https://www.poverty-action.org/printpdf/6221
Interest Group on Grazing Areas (2017) Mapping of Grazing Areas in Karamoja.
Moroto/Kampala: Interest Group on Grazing Areas. Available at:
https://issuu.com/kahroy/docs/kdf_report_final_small
Mercy Corps Uganda. ‘The Karamoja Livestock Development Master Plan, 2018-2040’;
Karamoja Livestock Development Forum and Mercy Corps Uganda, January, 2018
(Mimeo).
Mercy Corps Uganda and Ministry of Water and Environment (2019) A Long-Term Management
Plan for Water Dams in Karamoja, Special focus on Kobebe Dam in Moroto District for
the Period 2019-2029. Kampala: Mercy Corps Uganda and MWE
Muhereza, Emmanuel Frank (2018) The Transformation of Karamoja: Sedentarization of
Pastoralists. PhD Thesis submitted to Makerere University, Kampala (Mimeo).
Muhereza, Emmanuel Frank (2019), ‘Emerging Land Tenure and Land Conflicts Dynamics in
Post-Disarmament Karamoja’, A Study Commissioned by ADRA Uganda, Action for
Social Change (ASC) Program and Conducted by Centre for Basic Research (CBR),
Kampala (mimeo).
Nakalembe, Catherine, Jan Dempewolf and Christopher Justice. 2017. “Agricultural Land Use
Change in Karamoja Region, Uganda”, Land Use Policy, Vol. 62 (March): 2-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.029.
Namutebi, Estellina, ‘ Eco-socio Impact of Mineral Resource Mining in the Karamoja Region of
Uganda’, Journal of Science & Sustainable Development, Vol.6 (1), June 2017, pp. 57-
76. Available at: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jssd/article/download/159415/148977.
Ndiwalana, Ali, Olga Morawczynski, Oliver Popov, ‘Mobile Money Use in Uganda: A Preliminary
Study’, GSMA, June 2012. Available at: https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/
wp-content/uploads/2012/06 /m4dmobilemoney.pdf.
Republic of Uganda (2015) Karamoja Integrated Development Plan 2 (KIDP 2), 2015-2020.
Kampala: Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry for Karamoja Affairs (MKA).
Available at: https://karamojaresilience.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/kidp2_final.pdf
Republic of Uganda (2017a) National Strategy for Private Sector Development 2017/18-
2021/22. Kampala: Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED).
Available at: https://www.finance.go.ug/publication/national-strategy-private-sector-
development-201718-202122
Republic of Uganda (2017b) Uganda Water Supply Atlas, 2017. Kampala: Ministry of Water and
Environment (MWE). Available at: https://mwe.go.ug/library/water-supply-atlas-2017
Republic of Uganda (2020a) Uganda Police Annual Crime Report, 2019. Kampala: Uganda
Police Service. Available at: https://www.upf.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Annual-
Crime-Report-2019-Public.pdf?x45801
Republic of Uganda (2020b) Third National Development Plan (NDPIII), 2020/21-2024/24.
Kampala: National Planning Authority (NPA). Available at: http://www.npa.go.ug/wp-
content/uploads/2020/08/NDPIII-Finale_Compressed.pdf.
167
Republic of Uganda (2020c) Private Sector Development Programme Implementation Action
Plan FY2020/21-2024/25. Kampala: National Planning Authority (NPA). Available at:
https://www.ldpg.or.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Private-Sector-Development.pdf
Republic of Uganda (2021a) Uganda Police Annual Crime Report, 2020. Kampala: Uganda
Police Service. Available at: https://www.upf.go.ug/wp-
content/uploads/2021/04/ANNUAL-CRIME-REPORT-2020-1.pdf?x74136
Republic of Uganda (2021b) ‘State of the Nation Address by H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni,
President of the Republic of Uganda at Kololo Independence Grounds, 4th June, 2021.
Available at: https://www.mediacentre.go.ug/sites/default/files/media/STATE%20OF
%20THE%20NATION%202021-converted.pdf
Republic of Uganda (2021c) Budget Speech for the Financial Year 2021/22 on the theme:
‘Industrialization for Inclusive Growth, Employment and Wealth Creation’, Delivered by
Honourable Amos Lugolobi, Member of Parliament, Ntenjeru North, 10th June 2021.
Available at: https://www.finance.go.ug/sites/default/files/The%20Budget%20Speech%
20for%20FY%202021-2022.pdf
Republic of Uganda and UNDP (2018) Gap Analysis of Anti-Corruption, Accountability, Security
Institutions in the border region of Karamoja in Uganda and Kenya, 2017/2018.
Kampala: UNDP. Available at: https://www.igg.go.ug/static/files/publications/
Gap_Analysis_ Report_UNDP.pdf.
Rottach, E. Among, I. Gerber, W. Kaufman, R. 2018. Gender-Based Violence and Family
Planning: An Implementation Assessment of Uganda’s Policy Framework. Washington,
DC: Palladium, Health Policy Plus. Available at:
http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/pubs.cfm?get=10252
Rugadya, A. M., H. Kamusiime and E. Nsamba-Gayiiya (2010), “Tenure in Mystery: Status of
Land under Wildlife, Forestry and Mining Concessions in Karamoja Region, Uganda”,
Report prepared for TROCAIRE Uganda and Oxfam GB, Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/34152547/TENURE_IN_MYSTERY_THE_STATUS_OF_LA
ND_UNDER_WILDLIFE_FORESTRY_AND_MINING_CONCESSIONS_IN_KARAMOJA
_REGION_UGANDA
Saferworld (2017a) ‘Mining in Uganda: a conflict-sensitive analysis’. London: Saferworld.
https://www.saferworld.org.uk/downloads/pubdocs/mining-in-uganda.pdf.
Saferworld (2017b) ‘Uganda’s mining sector: key considerations for conflict-sensitive investment
in Karamoja’, London: Saferworld. Available at: https://www.saferworld.org.uk/
downloads/ugandas-mining-sector---karamoja-final.pdf
Schei, B., Bukuluki, P., Makerere, A. B., Sundby, J., & Kisuule, J. D. (2013). Perceptions of the
Drivers of Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Post Conflict Northern Uganda.
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 10, 84-102.
https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.10.84
Stites, E., Howe, K., Akabwai, D. (2017). “Five Years On: Livelihood Advances, Innovations,
and Continuing Challenges in Karamoja Uganda.” Somerville, MA: Feinstein
International Center, Tufts University. Available at:
https://fic.tufts.edu/assets/FiveYearsOn_EStites_v-2.pdf.
168
Sphere Association (2018). The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum
Standards in Humanitarian Response, fourth edition, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at:
https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf.
UBOS (2017) The Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17. Kampala: Uganda Bureau of
Statistics (UBOS). Available at: http://www.ubos.org/publications/household/.
UBOS (2021) The Uganda National Household Survey 2019/20: A summary. Kampala: Uganda
Bureau of Statistics (UBOS).
Uhuru Institute, Centre for Basic Research and Action Aid (2013) ‘The cooperative movement
and the challenge of development: A search for alternative wealth creation and citizen
vitality approaches in Uganda’, Kampala: Uhuru Institute. Available at:
https://uganda.actionaid.org/sites/uganda/files/cooperatives_report.pdf
UNDP (2015) Uganda Human Development Report: Unlocking the Development Potential of
Northern Uganda. Kampala: UNDP Uganda. Available at:
http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/uganda-human-development-report-2015
UNDP (2016) ‘Reengineering Cooperatives into Enablers of Agricultural Transformation in
Uganda’. Kampala: UNDP in Uganda. Available at: https://www1.undp.org/content/dam/
uganda/ docs/UNDPUG2016%20-%20Cooperatives%20Report%202016.pdf.
UNDP (2018) Baseline Assessment of Development Minerals in Uganda, Volume 1. Kampala:
United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://www.undp.org/content/
dam/uganda/docs/UNDPUg18%20-%20DevMinBaseLineUganda_Vol.1.pdf.
UNDP and UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Development
Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. Nairobi: United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Poverty-Environment
Facility. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/financial/climatechange/g-
climatedapationguide-undp.pdf
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), ‘Leaving no one behind in Karamoja’, UNFPA
Population Matters, Issues Brief 07, August 2018. Available at:
https://uganda.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-
pdf/Issue%20Brief%207.%20Leaving%20no%20one%20behind%20in%20Karamoja.pdf
USAID (2014) An overview of Climate change and biodiversity in Uganda. Washington DC.:
USAID. Available at: https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/overview-climate-change-
and-biodiversity-uganda (accessed July 2020).
USAID (2017a) Country Specific Information (CSI) for Fiscal Year 2017: Karamoja, Uganda.
Kampala: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Food for Peace.
Available at:
https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/Karamoja_CSI_final_edited_4.
10.17.pdf
USAID (2017b) ‘Climate Risk Screening for Food Security, Karamoja Region, Uganda’. Climate
Risk Profile, January 2017. Available at:
https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/170130_Karamoja_Food_Secu
rity_Climate_Screening.pdf
USAID (2019a) Regional Development Context Briefer, Karamoja. Kampala: Karamoja
Resilience Support Unit (KRSU). Available at: https://karamojaresilience.org/
publications/item/regional-development-contextual-briefer-karamoja.
169
USAID (2019b) Final Performance Evaluation of Northern Karamoja Growth, Health, and
Governance Development Food Assistance Project – Final Evaluation Report. Rockville:
ICF Macro, Inc. Available at: https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJF9.pdf.
World Bank (2016) The Uganda Poverty Assessment Report 2016. Farms, Cities and Good
Fortune: Assessing Poverty Reduction in Uganda from 2006 to 2013. Washington DC:
The World Bank. Available at:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26075
170
6.2 LIST OF PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED IN KARAMOJA DURING THE KIDP2
MULTI-LATERAL DONORS
The World Bank • Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF3)
• Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project
UNITED NATIONS (UN) AGENCIES
UN World Food Programme • Karamoja Nutrition Programme (KNP)
(WFP) • School Feeding Program in Karamoja
UNICEF • Karamoja Nutrition Programme (KNP)
• Strengthening Uganda’s Response to Malaria (SURMA)
• Strengthening Nutrition Governance for Multi-Sectoral Response – DINU
(Development Initiative for Northern Uganda)
• Promoting Access to Quality and Equitable Education for Karamoja
Children
• Improved access to WASH to enhance adolescent-friendly school
environments in Karamoja Region in Uganda
• Increasing access to clean water and improved sanitation and hygiene
education for 48,000 people in the Karamoja sub-region of Uganda
UNCDF • Support to local government – DINU (Development Initiative for Northern
Uganda)
FAO, ILO, IOM, UNAIDS, • Karamoja United Nations HIV Programme
UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF,
UN Women, WFP, WHO
UNFPA • Better Life for Girls: Preventing adolescent pregnancy and reaping the girl
effect dividend in Karamoja and Eastern Region of Uganda
UN Women • Harnessing the Gains of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in

Uganda
INTERNATIONAL NGOS (INGOS)
Maxwell Stamp PLC • Expanding Social Protection Programme
Mercy Corps Uganda • Apolou
• Resilience Challenge Fund (RCF)
• Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED)
• PEACE III
• SP3-Securing Peace and Promoting Prosperity in Karamoja (Ekisil Activity)
GIZ • Karamoja Nutrition Programme (KNP)
• Enhancing Climate Resilience through Increased Water for Production Capacities
in Karamoja—Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU)
• Civil Peace Service (ZFD) - Support to the Participatory Transformation of Land
Conflicts in Karamoja - Civil Peace Service (ZFD) and 6 networks of CSOs, FBOs and
NGOs
• Civil Society Support Programme
• Enhanced Water Security and Sanitation (ENWASS)
• Strengthening the Capacity of IGAD towards Enhanced Drought Resilience in the
Horn of Africa
KfW • Strengthening Planning Capacities of District Local Governments with Regard to

IDDRSI Implementation
171
Institute for International • Empowering Youth through Vocational Training and Entrepreneurship in
Cooperation and Development Karamoja, Uganda
(C&D)
Safer World • Democratic Governance Facility Enhancing Citizens’ Rights
Ecological Christian Organisation • Democratic Governance Facility Enhancing Citizens’ Rights
(ECO) • Support to CSOs in Karamoja
Straight Talk Foundation • Irish Aid Bursary Programme
• Promoting Access to Quality and Equitable Education for Karamoja Children
• Prevention of HIV and AIDS in the communities of Karamoja
VSO • Promoting Access to Quality and Equitable Education for Karamoja Children
Trailblazers Foundation • Promoting Access to Quality and Equitable Education for Karamoja Children
AMICAALL Uganda Chapter • Prevention of HIV and AIDS in the communities of Karamoja
World Vision • Educate A Child: Addressing Barriers to Enrolment and Retention in Karamoja
Qatar Foundation • Educate A Child: Addressing Barriers to Enrolment and Retention in Karamoja
DSW • Diakonia
ZOA • EMBRACE Education in Amudat
• Livelihood promotion and diversification in Amudat
Catholic Relief Services (CRS) • Nuyok
RTI • School Health and Reading Program
Feinstein International Center, • Karamoja Resilience Support Unit
Friedman School of Nutrition • Karamoja Nutrition Programme (KNP)
Science and Policy at Tufts
University
Food for the Hungry – Uganda • Karamoja Livelihood Project, (KLP)
(FHU)
CARE International Uganda • Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU)
• Inclusive Market-based Development for Northern Uganda
Farm Africa • Livestock for Livelihoods (L4L)
• Delivery of Essential Community Animal Health Services for Improved and more
Resilient Livelihoods in Karamoja (Emergency COVID response)
Veterinaires Sans Frontieres • Building Uganda’s Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD)
Germany (VSF-G)
GOAL • Covid-19 Response and Resilience Programme (CRRP)
• Sustainable Water And Sanitation and Hygiene (SWASH)
Save the Children International • Girls as Drivers of Change
• Work No Child’s Business
• Leave No Child Behind/NORAD framework
• My School Education Project
• Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)
172
6.3 LIST OF PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BY DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS THAT
WERE ACTIVE IN KARAMOJA BY DECEMBER 2018
1. Apolou – Mercy corps and partners

2. Better Life for Girls: Preventing adolescent pregnancy and reaping the girl effect dividend in
Karamoja and Eastern Region of Uganda
3. BRACED – Mercy corps
4. Civil Peace Service (ZFD)
5. Civil Society Support Programme
6. Diakonia
7. Educate A Child: Addressing Barriers to Enrolment and Retention in Karamoja
8. Empowering Youth through Vocational Training and Entrepreneurship in Karamoja, Uganda
9. Enhanced Water Security and Sanitation (ENWASS)
10. Enhancing Climate Resilience through Increased Water for Production Capacities in
Karamoja - DINU
11. Enhancing Citizens’ Rights
12. Expanding Social Protection Programme
13. Harnessing the Gains of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Uganda
14. Improved access to WASH to enhance adolescent-friendly school environments in Karamoja
Region in Uganda
15. Improved access to water, sanitation, and hygiene for disadvantaged communities in
Uganda
16. Increasing access to clean water and improved sanitation and hygiene education for 48,000
people in the Karamoja sub-region of Uganda
17. Integrated Community Agriculture and Nutrition
18. Irish Aid Bursary Programme
19. Karamoja Nutrition Programme (KNP)
20. Karamoja Staff Housing Project
21. Karamoja United Nations HIV Programme
22. KRSU
23. MoU counterpart funding (bridging funding)
24. Nuyok – CRS and partners
25. PEACE III – Mercy corps
26. Prevention of HIV and AIDS in the Communities of Karamoja
27. Promoting Access to Quality and Equitable Education for Karamoja Children
28. Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project
29. School Feeding Programme in Karamoja
30. School Health and Reading Program
31. Strengthening Nutrition Governance for Multi-Sectoral Response - DINU
32. Strengthening the Capacity of IGAD towards Enhanced Drought Resilience in the Horn of
Africa
173
33. Strengthening Planning Capacities of District Local Governments with Regard to IDDRSI
Implementation
34. Strengthening the Continuum of Care for Maternal and New-born Health Services in
Karamoja
35. Strengthening Uganda’s Response to Malaria (SURMA)
36. Support to CSOs in Karamoja
37. Support to local government - DINU
38. Support to Skilling Uganda Strategy - Karamoja component
39. TA team for DINU
40. Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF3)
41. Inclusive Market-based Development for Northern Uganda – CARE Uganda and partners
42. Karamoja Livelihood Project – Food for the Hungry
43. Delivery of Essential Community Animal Health Services for Improved, And More Resilient
Livelihoods in Karamoja (Emergency COVID response) – FARM Africa
44. Livestock for Livelihoods – FARM Africa and partner
45. Securing Peace and Promoting Prosperity in Karamoja, EKISIL Activity - Mercy corps and
partners
46. EMBRACE Education in Amudat - ZOA
47. Livelihood promotion and diversification in Amudat- ZOA
48. Peace building and cross board dialogues Northern Karamoja-ADRA Uganda
49. Training parish development committees to participate in budgeting processes
50. Facilitation of accountability meetings
51. Action for Social Change Karamoja (ASC) – ADRA Uganda
174
6.4 LIST OF DISTRICT OFFICIALS CONSULTED DURING REGIONAL
STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS, 30 MARCH-1 APRIL 2021
KIDP2 Performance Regional Stakeholder Consultation for Kaabong and Karenga Districts, 29 March 2021
NAME TITLE TELEPHONE

ORGANIZATION CONTACT
Nasur Charles DW0 Karenga 0776196071
Lokiru Paul DISO|RDC Karenga
Aballo Grace FOR C.A.O Karenga 782895749
Lopeyo Simon Nading DPO Karenga 771304833
Komol Richard Lopro FOR OE Karenga 789877425
Imuret Regina FOR LCV Karenga 782291472
Dada Ross R DEO Karenga 789624343
Abura Rebecca DCDO Karenga 772934523
Dr. Logwee FOR DPMO Kaobong 782291665
Nakiru Pricella OPM Kaobong 772970297
Awas Basil Bilamue DRIVER Karenga 781928094
Achuka Thomas Lokoru FOR LC V Kaobong 773509133
Epitu Gady DRDC Kaobong 785074152
Gerald Atwhaire FOM Tufts Global 783704730
Dr. Frank Muhereza K CONSULTANT Cbr Kololo 782291472
KIDP2 Performance Regional Stakeholder Consultation for Kotido and Abim Districts, 30 March 2021
Name Title Organization Telephone

Contact
Lochoto Mathew A Secretary Works Kotido DLG 770999677
Namoe Rose Chila Social Service Kotido DLG
Irar Sabina Production Kotido DLG
Okenyi Denis DISO for RDC Kotido
Orisa Joseph DCDO Kotido
Owiny Jim Ronald DHO Kotido
Ogwany Jacob Benon DRIVER Kampala
Gerald Atuhaire FOM Tufts Global
Teko Christine Ag.Reg.Field Officer OPM Karamonja
Dr. Frank E. Muhereza Consultant CBR Kololo
Dr Oming George DNRC Kotido 774026880
Okuda Robert Kenedy DPO Kotido 772356128
Ochen David Aleper DIA Kotido
Sara Narem DAS Kotido 772838448
Ignatius Apollo Nangiro LC5 Vice- Kotido DLG 781811983
Chairperson
Diko Anna Regina A P. PLANNER Kotido DLG 772575621
Akello Hilda CFO Kotido DLG 773182380
175
Logole Paul DE Kotido DLG 776308924
Kapel Jonathan SHRO Kotido DLG 773851491
Vincet Lomuni F.C KRSU/TUFTS
KIDP2 Performance Regional Stakeholder Consultation for Moroto and Napak Districts, 31 March 2021

Koteuu Henery DISO NDLG 772365973
Otim Stephen DHO MOROTO DLG 775967720
Samuel Kanyaye DAISO ISO MOROTO 772631330
Lokut Emmanuel Charle CAO DRIVER NDLG 772087942
Aleper Stephen DRIVER LCV NDLG 773472050
Gerald Atuhaire FOM TUFTS GLOBAL 783704730
Margie Lolem DCDO MOROTO 788742499
Jonga Jacob DEP. RDC MOROTO 782553092
Olagur Max Chilplin GUARD RDC MOROTO 788125911
Barasa Anteny DRIVER RDC MOROTO 754102298
Dr. Lumekoh James DHO NAPAK 772482071
Vincent Lomuni F.C KRSU/TUFTS
Orup Ceasar D/ENG MOROTO 782150240
Nakoyi Jorce P DEO NAPAK
Looru Levi DRIVER DEO NAPAK
Lakongo Pagirima Peter AG DNRO NAPAK
Gidongo Peter W DCAO MOROTO
Oputa Paul D.E.O MOROTO
Lopeyok Kizito CAO DRIVER MOROTO 773720479
Angella Joseph AG. DPMO NAPAK 782143237
Dr. Frank E. Muhereza CONSULTANT CBR, KOLOLO
Koryang Timothy CAO NAPAK DLG 772845080
Akol Benard AG DISTRICT PLANNER NAPAK DLG 782982227
Apum Jermand SAS NAPAK DLG 774450998
Chaon Joe Joseph FOR HOF NAPAK DLG 772602436
Omara Patric.O DWO NAPAK 772649672
Gad Murungi RDC NAPAK NAPAK RDC 776478836
Dr. Abijah Chelangat DPMO MOROTO MOROTO 784507985
Nangiw Molly DCDO NAPAK DLG 776920897
Angella Lino Lokorwa LC V NAPAK DLG
176
KIDP2 Performance Regional Stakeholder Consultation for Amudat, Nakapiripirit and Nabilatuk Districts, 1
April 2021
Lokim Charles DWO/AG Nabilatuk DLG 782974201
Dr.Lokwang Peter DIP Nabilatuk 772323582
Iriama Charles Lorot D/Planner Nabilatuk 773610806
Odongo Milton RDC Nabilatuk 777803335
Korobe Raymond DEO Nabilatuk 775025222
Liko Elijah Civil Engineer Nabilatuk 773969864
Eliechu Nicholas Escort RDC Nabilatuk 779972428
Longo L Lawrence Driver Nabilatuk 775873724
Omara Patric Driver RDC Nabilatuk 779615681
Omwany O S DPMO Nabilatuk DLG 782486675
Aguma Ben Driver DHO Nabilatuk
Nangiro John LC5 Chairperson Nakapiripirit
Labeoan Bob W RDC Nakapiripirit
Tumusiime Daniel RDC Guard Nakapiripirit
Mujuni Egidio RDC Driver Nakapiripirit 776090117
Logwee Eliya Office Attendant Nakapiripirit 778529574
Angella Emmy Awas Driver LC5 Nabilatuk 787737869
Lemukol Angustine Planner Nakapiripirit 778809718
Atibu Abdallah DPMO Nakapiripirit 772662164
Lorukale Paul LCV C/P Nabilatuk 784501502
Ilukol Jobs Lomenen CAO Nakapiripirit 774206166
Amoti Titus AE (WAP) Nakapiripirit 772359826
Vincent Lomuria F.C KRSU/Tufts 778994886
Amodoi L Mary Mobilizer OPM 782974144
Okau John Paul Driver OPM 774334751
Odongo Jasper Escort OPM 770956198
Alfred Mugasa CAO Nabilatuk 772662692
Awok Pope Olivus RDC Amudat 782558626
Chelain Dorcus Vice Chairperson Amudat 780172129
Grace Meheret CAO Amudat 777186211
Waiswa Peter DHO Nakapiripirit 754424191
Amel Alice Ag DEO Nakapiripirit DLG 775275866
Emoru Peter Driver LC5 Nakapiripirit 772174878
177
6.5 ATTENDANCE OF THE KIDP2 REVIEW TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP
(TWG) MEETING, KAMPALA, DECEMBER 10-11, 2020
NAME NAME OF GOVERNMENT MDA PHONE

Manewa William Ministry of Water & Environment 0782039785
Patrick Sseruwu Ministry of Water & Environment 786222410
John Kiberu Ministry of Water & Environment 772639104
Alex Ojuka Jala Ministry of Water & Environment 782938157
Peace Nabekembo Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban 0701924641
Development
Smith Matsiko Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban 780246424
Development
Patrick Temera Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs /773715758
Keneth Ounyu Inspectorate of Government 773855211
Simon Peter Sebulime National Planning Authority 774504117
Dr. Frank E. Muhereza Consultant, Centre for Basic Research 781168808
Fatuma Namukwaya Office of the President 774519014
Patrick Jonathan Omoding Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social 788879865
Development
Florence Kirabira Ministry of Internal Affairs 772422937
Simon Nangiro Ministry of Internal Affairs 772472474
Eriphaz Mulondo Uganda Police Force 777312820
Apollo Ssempungu Uganda Prisons 774892481
Angella Rwabutomize Matsiko Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic 752537988
Development
Elizabeth Mutumba Ministry of Education and Sports 758340053
Doreen Nabaasa Rural Electrification Authority 781197030
Connie Kodet Rural Electrification Authority 781161480
Oule d Epanyu Ministry of Trade 772327958
Emmanuel Kamugisha Ministry of Trade 705180973
Avu Elly Biliku Ministry of Trade 772615122
David Watulo Ministry of Public Service 782857181
Ruth P Gyayo Ministry of Local Government 701789696
Adrian Munyambabazi Ministry of Local Government 782887493
Roma Godfrey Ministry of Works and Transport 772448073
Dr. Sarah Byakika Ministry of Health 772423358
Farouk Lubega Ministry of Justice 772362246
Irene Odongtho Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and 772868225
Fisheries
Chris Mawino Uganda National Roads Authority 772649914
Julius Musinguzi Uganda National Roads Authority 772412491
Stephen Kwesiga Ethics and Integrity 781482387
Ssali Gadafi Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities 772688290
Florence Mbabazi Office of the Prime Minister 772980088
Barbara Namugambe Office of the Prime Minister 772329353
John Baptist Ssenduli Office of the Prime Minister 774972502
Francis Okori Office of the Prime Minister 772461519
178
Oscar Ayebazibwe Office of the Prime Minister 757834320
Peter Amodoi Office of the Prime Minister 776749316
Patrick Asendu Office of the Prime Minister 772541046
Joshua Abaho Office of the Prime Minister 772636776
Patrick Apecu Office of the Prime Minister 772444297
Aisha Kyamanywa Office of the Prime Minister 772666371
Keren Chebet Office of the Prime Minister 754276883
Nobert Katsirabo Office of the Prime Minister 712682157
G. Namayanja Office of the Prime Minister 772945443
Catherine Nuwagaba Office of the Prime Minister 776525245
179
180

Kidp Final PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kidp Final PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kidp Final PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER

MINISTRY FOR KARAMOJA AFFAIRS

THE THIRD KARAMOJA INTEGRATED

1. Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja

1 SECTION ONE: THE KIDP3 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................1

3.1 ASSUMPTIONS MADE DURING THE KIDP3 DESIGN ......................................................................................142

4 SECTION FOUR: THE KIDP3 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 146

4.1 THE KIDP3 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................146

5 SECTION FIVE: THE KIDP3 ACTION PLAN...................................................................................................... 159

5.1 THE KIDP3 MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) FRAMEWORK ..............................................................159

6 SECTION SIX: KIDP3 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 166

6.1 SELECTED REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................166

ACME African Centre for Medical Excellence

1. Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja

These outcomes are aligned to government objectives to increase investment in commercial

1. Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja

1.2 PROFILE OF KARAMOJA

These four livelihood zones are captured in the map below:

1.3 A SUMMARY OF KEY ACHIEVEMENTS FROM KIDP2 IMPLEMENTATION

1.5.1 Overall Goal of the KIDP3

1.5.2 Strategic Objectives of the KIDP3

1. Consolidate Peace, Security and Governance in Karamoja

Two additional programme management areas are to:

• Enhance Management, Coordination and Monitoring of KIDP3 interventions

1.5.3 Guiding Principles of the KIDP3

TOC Causal Pathways (examples): Assumptions (enablers) Assumptions (external factors)

2.1 PROGRAMME ONE: CONSOLIDATING PEACE, SECURITY AND

Outcome 1: Capacity of security agencies further strengthened to consolidate peace,

OUTCOME 1: CAPACITY OF SECURITY AGENCIES FURTHER STRENGTHENED

The resurgence of armed conflicts in Karamoja cannot be explained by reference to competition

It is proposed that the KIDP3 undertake a ‘no-holds-barred’ and ‘say-it-as-it-is’ political

Output 1.4: Cooperation and collaboration and coordination of disarmament among

The interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 1 on ‘Capacity of

OUTCOME 1: CAPACITY OF SECURITY AGENCIES STRENGTHENED TO CONSOLIDATE PEACE,

OUTCOME 2: CAPACITY OF JUSTICE, LAW AND ORDER ACTORS STRENGTHENED

Output 2.3: Community policing outreaches conducted in Karamoja

Output 2.4: Capacity of CID staff in Karamoja enhanced

Output 2.8: Increased agricultural production by prisons in Karamoja supported

The interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 1 on ‘Capacity of

For sustainable improvements in human development conditions in general, and livelihoods in

Whilst the perspective of government is to increase investments in agricultural production as a

Development interventions undertaken in the post-disarmament period aimed at social and

In order to ‘Strengthen Karamojong pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods’ under

OUTCOME 1: CLIMATE SMART CROP PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND

These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 1 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Climate

OUTCOME 1: CLIMATE SMART CROP PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJONG LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY

The government strategy of increasing household incomes by encouraging and supporting

Output 2.4: Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) in Karamoja supported

These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Karamojong

OUTCOME 2: KARAMOJONG LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCED

Output 3.1: Adoption of alternative on-farm activities for livelihood improvements at

Output 3.2: Adoption of alternative off-farm activities for livelihood improvements at

Output 3.3: Adoption of alternative intensive small livestock-based enterprises in

These interventions intended to achieve Outcome 2 of the KIDP3 Programme 2 on ‘Alternative

OUTCOME 3: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF LIVELIHOODS PROMOTED FOR STRENGTHENED

2.3 PROGRAMME THREE: ENHANCED DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN

As a consequence of these investments, the overall wellbeing conditions of the population in

It is recognised in the KIDP3 that sustainable development of human resources in Karamoja is