RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8

Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Exercise 8.1 Page No: 8.14

1. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

(i) 5x + 7y + 2 = 0
4x + 6y + 3 = 0
(ii) 5x + 2y = 3
3x + 2y = 5
(iii) 3x + 4y – 5 = 0
x–y+3=0
(iv) 3x + y = 19
3x – y = 23
(v) 3x + 7y = 4
x + 2y = -1
(vi) 3x + y = 7
5x + 3y = 12

Solution:
(i) Given 5x + 7y + 2 = 0 and 4x + 6y + 3 = 0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Hence, x = 9/2 and y = -7/2

(ii) Given 5x + 2y = 3
3x + 2y = 5
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Hence, x = -1 and y = 4

(iii) Given 3x + 4y – 5 = 0
x–y+3=0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Hence, X = 1 Y = – 2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iv) Given 3x + y = 19
3x – y = 23
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(v) Given 3x + 7y = 4
x + 2y = -1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(vi) Given 3x + y = 7
5x + 3y = 12
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

2. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

(i) x + y –z = 3
2x + 3y + z = 10
3x – y – 7z = 1
(ii) x + y + z = 3
2x – y + z = -1
2x + y – 3z = -9
(iii) 6x – 12y + 25z = 4
4x + 15y – 20z = 3
2x + 18y + 15z = 10
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iv) 3x + 4y + 7z = 14
2x – y + 3z = 4
x + 2y – 3z = 0
(v) (2/x) – (3/y) + (3/z) = 10
(1/x) + (1/y) + (1/z) = 10
(3/x) – (1/y) + (2/z) = 13
(vi) 5x + 3y + z = 16
2x + y + 3z = 19
x + 2y + 4z = 25
(vii) 3x + 4y + 2z = 8
2y – 3z = 3
x – 2y + 6z = -2
(viii) 2x + y + z = 2
x + 3y - z = 5
3x + y – 2z = 6
(ix) 2x + 6y = 2
3x – z = -8
2x – y + z = -3
(x) 2y – z = 1
x–y+z=2
2x – y = 0
(xi) 8x + 4y + 3z = 18
2x + y + z = 5
x + 2y + z = 5
(xii) x + y + z = 6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y + z = 12
(xiii) (2/x) + (3/y) + (10/z) = 4,
(4/x) – (6/y) + (5/z) = 1,
(6/x) + (9/y) – (20/z) = 2, x, y, z ≠ 0
(xiv) x – y + 2z = 7
3x + 4y – 5z = -5
2x – y + 3z = 12

Solution:
(i) Given x + y –z = 3
2x + 3y + z = 10
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

3x – y – 7z = 1

= (– 20) – 1(– 17) – 1(11)

= – 20 + 17 + 11 = 8
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 21 + 1 = – 20
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 7 – 1 = 8
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 3 = 4
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 14 – 3 = 17
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 7 + 3 = – 4
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 2 = – 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 2 – 9 = – 11
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 1 – 3 = 4
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 3 – 2 = 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(ii) Given x + y + z = 3
2x – y + z = -1
2x + y – 3z = -9

= (3 – 1) – 1(– 6 – 2) + 1(2 + 2)
=2+8+4
= 14
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 3 – 1 = 2
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 3 – 1 = 4
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 1 = 2
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 6 – 2 = 8
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 3 – 2 = – 5
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 – 2 = 1
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 2 + 2 = 4
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 2 = 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 2 = – 3

(iii) Given 6x – 12y + 25z = 4

4x + 15y – 20z = 3
2x + 18y + 15z = 10
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

= 6(225 + 360) + 12(60 + 40) + 25(72 – 30)

= 3510 + 1200 + 1050
= 5760
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 (225 + 360) = 585
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 (– 180 – 450) = 630
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 (240 – 375) = – 135
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 (60 + 40) = – 100
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 (90 – 50) = 40
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 (– 120 – 100) = 220
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 (72 – 30) = 42
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1(108 + 24) = – 132
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 (90 + 48) = 138
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iv) Given 3x + 4y + 7z = 14
2x – y + 3z = 4
x + 2y – 3z = 0

= 3(3 – 6) – 4(– 6 – 3) + 7(4 + 1)

= – 9 + 36 + 35
= 62
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 3 – 6 = – 3
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 12 – 14 = 26
C31 = (– 1)3 + 112 + 7 = 19
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 6 – 3 = 9
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 3 – 7 = – 10
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 9 – 14 = 5
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 4 + 1 = 5
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 6 – 4 = – 2
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 3 – 8 = – 11
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(v) Given (2/x) – (3/y) + (3/z) = 10

(1/x) + (1/y) + (1/z) = 10
(3/x) – (1/y) + (2/z) = 13

= 5(4 – 6) – 3(8 – 3) + 1(4 – 2)

= – 10 – 15 + 3
= – 22
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 (4 – 6) = – 2
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1(12 – 2) = – 10
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1(9 – 1) = 8
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 (8 – 3) = – 5
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 20 – 1 = 19
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 15 – 2 = – 13
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 (4 – 2) = 2
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 10 – 3 = – 7
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 5 – 6 = – 1

(vi) Given 5x + 3y + z = 16
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

2x + y + 3z = 19
x + 2y + 4z = 25

= 3(12 – 6) – 4(0 + 3) + 2(0 – 2)

= 18 – 12 – 4
=2
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 (12 – 6) = 6
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1(24 + 4) = – 28
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1(– 12 – 4) = – 16
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 (0 + 3) = – 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 18 – 2 = 16
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 9 – 0 = 9
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 (0 – 2) = – 2
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 (– 6 – 4) = 10
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 6 – 0 = 6
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(vii) Given 3x + 4y + 2z = 8
2y – 3z = 3
x – 2y + 6z = -2

= 2(– 6 + 1) – 1(– 2 + 3) + 1(1 – 9)

= – 10 – 1 – 8
= – 19
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 6 + 1 = – 5
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C21 = (– 1)2 + 1(24 + 4) = – 28

C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 3 = – 4
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 2 + 3 = – 1
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 4 – 3 = – 7
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 – 1 = 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 21 – 9 = – 8
C23 = (– 1)2 + 12 – 3 = – 1
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 6 – 1 = 5

(viii) Given 2x + y + z = 2
x + 3y - z = 5
3x + y – 2z = 6
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

= 2(– 6 + 1) – 1(– 2 + 3) + 1(1 – 9)

= – 10 – 1 – 8
= – 19
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 6 + 1 = – 5
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1(24 + 4) = – 28
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 3 = – 4
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 2 + 3 = – 1
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 4 – 3 = – 7
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 – 1 = 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 21 – 9 = – 8
C23 = (– 1)2 + 12 – 3 = – 1
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 6 – 1 = 5
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(ix) Given 2x + 6y = 2
3x – z = -8
2x – y + z = -3

= 2(0 – 1) – 6(3 + 2)
= – 2 – 30
= – 32
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 0 – 1 = – 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C21 = (– 1)2 + 16 + 0 = – 6
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 6 = – 6
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 3 + 2 = 5
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 2 – 0 = 2
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 – 0 = 2
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 3 – 0 = – 3
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 2 – 12 = 14
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 0 – 18 = – 18

(x) Given 2y – z = 1
x–y+z=2
2x – y = 0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

=0+4–1
=3
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 1 – 0 = 1
C21 = (– 1)2 + 11 – 2 = 1
C31 = (– 1)3 + 10 + 1 = 1
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 2 – 0 = 2
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 1 – 0 = – 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 0 – 2 = 2
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 4 – 0 = 4
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 2 – 0 = – 2
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 + 2 = 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(xi) Given 8x + 4y + 3z = 18
2x + y + z = 5
x + 2y + z = 5

= 8(– 1) – 4(1) + 3(3)

=–8–4+9
=–3
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 1 – 2 = – 1
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 4 – 6 = 2
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 4 – 3 = 1
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 2 – 1 = – 1
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 8 – 3 = 5
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 8 – 6 = – 2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 4 – 1 = 3
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 16 – 4 = – 12
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 8 – 8 = 0

(xii) Given x + y + z = 6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y + z = 12
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

= 1(– 2) – 1(1 – 6) + 1(1)

=–2+5+1
=4
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 0 – 2 = – 2
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 1 = 0
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 2 – 0 = 2
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 1 – 6 = 5
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 3 = – 2
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 2 – 1 = – 1
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 1 – 0 = 1
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 3 = 2
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 0 – 1 = – 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(xiii) Given (2/x) + (3/y) + (10/z) = 4,

(4/x) – (6/y) + (5/z) = 1,
(6/x) + (9/y) – (20/z) = 2, x, y, z ≠ 0

AX = B
Now,
|A| = 2(75) – 3(– 110) + 10(72)
= 150 + 330 + 720
= 1200
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 120 – 45 = 75
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 60 – 90 = 150
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 15 + 60 = 75
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 80 – 30 = 110
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 40 – 60 = – 100
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 10 – 40 = 30
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 36 + 36 = 72
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 18 – 18 = 0
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 12 – 12 = – 24
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(xiv) Given x – y + 2z = 7
3x + 4y – 5z = -5
2x – y + 3z = 12

AX=B
Now,
|A| = 1(12 – 5) + 1(9 + 10) + 2(– 3 – 8)
= 7 + 19 – 22
=4
So, the above system has a unique solution, given by
X = A – 1B
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 12 – 5 = 7
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 3 + 2 = 1
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 5 – 8 = – 3
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 9 + 10 = – 19
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 3 – 4 = – 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 5 – 6 = 11
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 3 – 8 = – 11
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 1 + 2 = – 1
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 4 + 3 = 7

3. Show that each one of the following systems of linear equations is consistent and
also find their solutions:
(i) 6x + 4y = 2
9x + 6y = 3
(ii) 2x + 3y = 5
6x + 9y = 15
(iii) 5x + 3y + 7z = 4
3x + 26y + 2z = 9
7x + 2y + 10z = 5
(v) x + y + z = 6
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

x + 2y + 3z = 14
x + 4y + 7z = 30
(vi) 2x + 2y – 2z = 1
4x + 4y – z = 2
6x + 6y + 2z = 3

Solution:
(i) Given 6x + 4y = 2
9x + 6y = 3

|A| = 36 – 36 = 0
So, A is singular, Now X will be consistence if (Adj A) x B = 0
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 6 = 6
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 9 = – 9
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 4 = – 4
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 6 = 6
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(ii) Given 2x + 3y = 5
6x + 9y = 15

|A| = 18 – 18 = 0
So, A is singular,
Now X will be consistence if (Adj A) x B = 0
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 9 = 9
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 6 = – 6
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 3 = – 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 2 = 2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iii) Given 5x + 3y + 7z = 4
3x + 26y + 2z = 9
7x + 2y + 10z = 5

|A| = 5(260 – 4) – 3(30 – 14) + 7(6 – 182)

= 5(256) – 3(16) + 7(176)
|A| = 0
So, A is singular. Thus, the given system is either inconsistent or it is consistent with
infinitely many solution according to as:
(Adj A) x B≠0 or (Adj A) x B = 0
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 260 – 4 = 256
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 30 – 14 = – 16
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 6 – 182 = – 176
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 30 – 14 = – 16
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 50 – 49 = 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 10 – 21 = 11
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 6 – 182 = – 176
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 10 – 21 = 11
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 130 – 9 = 121
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Now, AX = B has infinite many solution

Let z = k
Then, 5x + 3y = 4 – 7k
3x + 26y = 9 – 2k
This can be written as
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(v) Given x + y + z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 14
x + 4y + 7z = 30

|A| = 1(2) – 1(4) + 1(2)

=2–4+2
|A| = 0
So, A is singular. Thus, the given system is either inconsistent or it is consistent with
infinitely many solution according to as:
(Adj A) x B≠0 or (Adj A) x B = 0
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 14 – 12 = 2
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 7 – 4 = – 3
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 3 – 2 = 1
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 7 – 3 = – 4
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 7 – 1 = 6
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 3 – 1 = 2
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 4 – 2 = 2
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 4 – 1 = – 3
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 2 – 1 = 1

Now, AX = B has infinite many solution

Let z = k
Then, x + y = 6 – k
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

x + 2y = 14 – 3k
This can be written as:

(vi) Given x + y + z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 14
x + 4y + 7z = 30
This can be written as

|A| = 2(14) – 2(14) – 2(0)

|A| = 0
So, A is singular. Thus, the given system is either inconsistent or it is consistent
with infinitely many solution according to as:
(Adj A) x B≠0 or (Adj A) x B = 0
Cofactors of A are:
C11 = (– 1)1 + 18 + 6 = 14
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 4 + 12 = – 16
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 + 8 = 6
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 8 + 6 = – 14
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 4 + 12 = 16
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 + 8 = – 6
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 24 – 24 = 0
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 12 – 12 = 0
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 8 – 8 = 0

4. Show that each one of the following systems of linear equations is consistent:
(i) 2x + 5y = 7
6x + 15y = 13
(ii) 2x + 3y = 5
6x + 9y = 10
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iii) 4x – 2y = 3
6x – 3y = 5
(iv) 4x – 5y – 2z = 2
5x – 4y + 2z = -2
2x + 2y + 8z = -1
(v) 3x – y – 2z = 2
2y – z = -1
3x – 5y = 3
(vi) x + y – 2z = 5
x – 2y + z = -2
-2x + y + z = 4

Solution:
(i) Given 2x + 5y = 7
6x + 15y = 13

|A| = 30 – 30 = 0
So, A is singular,
Now X will be consistence if (Adj A) x B = 0
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 15 = 15
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 6 = – 6
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 5 = – 5
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 2 = 2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(ii) Given 2x + 3y = 5
6x + 9y = 10

|A| = 18 – 18 = 0
So, A is singular,
Now X will be consistence if (Adj A) x B = 0
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 9 = 9
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 6 = – 6
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 3 = – 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 2 = 2
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

(iii) Given 4x – 2y = 3
6x – 3y = 5

|A| = – 12 + 12 = 0
So, A is singular,
Now X will be consistence if (Adj A) x B = 0
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 3 = – 3
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 6 = – 6
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 2 = 2
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 4 = 4

(iv) Given 4x – 5y – 2z = 2
5x – 4y + 2z = -2
2x + 2y + 8z = -1

|A| = 4(– 36) + 5(36) – 2(18)

|A| = 0
Cofactors of A are:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 32 – 4 = – 36
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 40 + 4 = – 36
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 10 – 8 = – 18
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 40 – 4 = – 36
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 32 + 4 = 36
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 8 + 10 = – 18
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 10 + 8 = 18
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 8 + 10 = – 18
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 16 + 25 = 9

(v) Given 3x – y – 2z = 2
2y – z = -1
3x – 5y = 3

|A| = 3(– 5) + 1(3) – 2(– 6)

|A| = 0
Cofactors of A are
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 0 – 5 = – 5
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 0 – 10 = 10
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 4 = 5
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 0 + 3 = – 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 0 + 6 = 6
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 3 – 0 = 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 0 – 6 = – 6
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 15 + 3 = 12
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 6 – 0 = 6

(vi) Given x + y – 2z = 5
x – 2y + z = -2
-2x + y + z = 4

|A| = 1(– 3) – 1(3) – 2(– 3) = – 3 – 3 + 6

|A| = 0
Cofactors of A are:
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 2 – 1 = – 3
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 + 2 = – 3
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 – 4 = – 3
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 1 + 2 = – 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 4 = – 3
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 2 = – 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 1 – 4 = – 3
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 + 2 = – 3
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 – 1 = – 3

x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 7

Solution:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

2x – 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y – 4z = -5, x + y – 2z = -3.

Solution:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

|A| = 2(0) + 3(– 2) + 5(1)

=–1
Now, the cofactors of A
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 4 + 4 = 0
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 6 – 5 = – 1
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 12 – 10 = 2
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 6 + 4 = 2
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 4 – 5 = – 9
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 8 – 15 = 23
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 3 – 2 = 1
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 2 + 3 = – 5
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 4 + 9 = 13
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

x + 2y + 5z = 10, x – y – z = -2, 2x + 3y – z = -11.

Solution:
Given

|A| = 1(1 + 3) + 2(– 1 + 2) + 5(3 + 2)

= 4 + 2 + 25
= 27
Now, the cofactors of A
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 1 + 3 = 4
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 2 – 15 = 17
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 + 5 = 3
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 1 + 2 = – 1
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 1 – 10 = – 11
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 5 = 6
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 3 + 2 = 5
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 3 – 4 = 1
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 2 = – 3
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Solution:
Given
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

|A| = 1(1 + 6) + 2(2 – 0) + 0

=7+4
= 11
Now, the cofactors of A
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 1 + 6 = 7
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 2 – 0 = 2
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 6 – 0 = – 6
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 2 – 0 = – 2
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 0 = 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 3 – 0 = – 3
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 4 – 0 = – 4
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 2 – 0 = 2
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 1 + 4 = 5
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Solution:
Given

|A| = 3(3 – 0) + 4(2 – 5) + 2(0 – 3)

= 9 – 12 – 6
=–9
Now, the cofactors of A
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 3 – 0 = 3
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 4 – 0 = 4
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 20 – 6 = – 26
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 2 – 5 = 3
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 3 – 2 = 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 15 – 4 = – 11
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 0 – 3 = – 3
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 0 + 4 = – 4
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 9 + 8 = 17
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Solution:
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Solution:
Given

|A| = 1(– 1 – 1) – 2(– 2 – 0) + 0

=–2+4
=2
Now, the cofactors of A
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 – 1 – 1 = – 2
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 2 – 0 = 2
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 2 – 0 = – 2
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 2 – 0 = – 2
C22 = (– 1)2 + 1 1 – 0 = 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 – 0 = 1
C13 = (– 1)1 + 2 – 2 – 0 = – 2
C23 = (– 1)2 + 1 – 1 – 0 = 1
C33 = (– 1)3 + 1 – 1 + 4 = 3
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Solution:
Given
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

9. The sum of three numbers is 2. If twice the second number is added to the sum of
first and third, the sum is 1. By adding second and third number to five times the first
number, we get 6. Find the three numbers by using matrices.

Solution:
Let the numbers are x, y, z
x + y + z = 2 …… (i)
Also, 2y + (x + z) + 1
x + 2y + z = 1 …… (ii)
Again,
x + z + 5(x) = 6
5x + y + z = 6 …… (iii)

AX=B
|A| = 1(1) – 1(– 4) + 1(– 9)
=1+4–9
=–4
Hence, the unique solution given by x = A – 1B
C11 = (– 1)1 + 1 (2 – 1) = 1
C12 = (– 1)1 + 2 (1 – 5) = 4
C13 = (– 1)1 + 3 (1 – 10) = – 9
C21 = (– 1)2 + 1 (1 – 1) = 0
C22 = (– 1)2 + 2 (1 – 5) = – 4
C23 = (– 1)2 + 3 (1 – 5) = 4
C31 = (– 1)3 + 1 (1 – 2) = – 1
C32 = (– 1)3 + 2 (1 – 1) = 0
C33 = (– 1)3 + 3 (2 – 1) = 1
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

10. An amount of ₹10,000 is put into three investments at the rate of 10, 12 and 15%
per annum. The combined incomes are ₹1310 and the combined income of first and
second investment is ₹ 190 short of the income from the third. Find the investment in
each using matrix method.

Solution:
Let the numbers are x, y, and z
x + y + z = 10,000 …… (i)
Also,
0.1x + 0.12y + 0.15z = 1310 …… (ii)
Again,
0.1x + 0.12y – 0.15z = – 190 …… (iii)

AX=B
|A| = 1(– 0.036) – 1(– 0.03) + 1(0)
= – 0.006
Hence, the unique solution given by x = A – 1B
C11 = – 0.036
C12 = 0.27
C13 = 0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

C21 = 0.27
C22 = – 0.25
C23 = – 0.02
C31 = 0.03
C32 = – 0.05
C33 = 0.02
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Exercise 8.2 Page No: 8.20

Solve the following systems of homogeneous linear equations by matrix method:

1. 2x – y + z = 0
3x + 2y – z = 0
x + 4y + 3z = 0

Solution:
Given
2x – y + z = 0
3x + 2y – z = 0
X + 4y + 3z = 0
The system can be written as

AX=0
Now, |A| = 2(6 + 4) + 1(9 + 1) + 1(12 – 2)
|A| = 2(10) + 10 + 10
|A| = 40 ≠ 0
Since, |A|≠ 0, hence x = y = z = 0 is the only solution of this homogeneous equation.

2. 2x – y + 2z = 0
5x + 3y – z = 0
X + 5y – 5z = 0

Solution:
Given 2x – y + 2z = 0
5x + 3y – z = 0
X + 5y – 5z = 0

AX=0
Now, |A| = 2(– 15 + 5) + 1(– 25 + 1) + 2(25 – 3)
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

|A| = – 20 – 24 + 44
|A| = 0
Hence, the system has infinite solutions
Let z = k
2x – y = – 2k
5x + 3y = k

3. 3x – y + 2z = 0
4x + 3y + 3z = 0
5x + 7y + 4z = 0

Solution:
Given 3x – y + 2z = 0
4x + 3y + 3z = 0
5x + 7y + 4z = 0

AX=0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

Now, |A| = 3(12 – 21) + 1(16 – 15) + 2(28 – 15)

|A| = – 27 + 1 + 26
|A| = 0
Hence, the system has infinite solutions
Let z = k
3x – y = – 2k
4x + 3y = – 3k

4. x + y – 6z = 0
x – y + 2z = 0
– 3x + y + 2z = 0

Solution:
Given x + y – 6z = 0
x – y + 2z = 0
– 3x + y + 2z = 0
 RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations

AX=0
Now, |A| = 1(– 2 – 2) – 1(2 + 6) – 6(1 – 3)
|A| = – 4 – 8 + 12
|A| = 0
Hence, the system has infinite solutions
Let z = k
x + y = 6k
x – y = – 2k
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8
Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations